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{{short description|American campaign for Democratic and Libertarian nominations}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox U.S. federal election campaign
| committee = Mike Gravel for President 2008
| logo =[[Image: Mike Gravel 2008 campaign bumper sticker.svg |250px]]
| campaign = [[U.S. presidential election, 2008]]
| candidate = '''[[Mike Gravel]]'''<br />[[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] from [[Alaska]]<br />''(1969–1981)''<br />[[Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives]]<br />''(1965–1967)''
| cand_id = P60004751
| fec_date = 2007-12-31
| affiliation = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]<br />[[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/03/26/gravel-to-run-for-libertarian-nod/|title=Gravel to Run for Libertarian Nod|date=March 26, 2008|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref>
| headquarters = [[Arlington, Virginia]]
| key_people = Chris Petherick (Chief of Staff)<br /> April Shapley (Dep. Chief of Staff) <br /> Alex Colvin (Press Secretary) <br />Jon Kraus (New Hampshire State Organizer) <br /> J. Skyler McKinley (Deputy Communications Director) <br /> Christopher S. Thrasher (National Campaign Coordinator)
| status = Withdrawn
| announced = April 17, 2006
| suspended = March 26, 2008
| slogan = Let the People Decide
| homepage = [https://archive.today/20120917032058/http://www.mikegravel.us/ www.gravel2008.us]<br />(Archived on September 17, 2012)
}}
The '''2008 presidential campaign of [[Mike Gravel]]''', former [[Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives]] and [[List of United States Senators from Alaska|United States Senator from Alaska]], began on April 17, 2006, when he declared his candidacy for the [[Potential Democratic candidates in the 2008 U.S. presidential election|Democratic nomination for President of the United States]] in the [[2008 United States presidential election|2008 election]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gravel2008.us/?q=node/92|title=Sen. Mike Gravel Announces Run for President - Mike Gravel For President 2008|website=gravel2008.us|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref> in a speech to the [[National Press Club (USA)|National Press Club]].
His campaign gained an [[Internet]] following and national attention due to outspoken debate appearances during 2007, but consistently showed little support in national polls. In the 2008 Democratic [[caucus]]es and [[Partisan primary|primaries]], he did not win any [[Delegate (American politics)|delegate]]s. Out of the eight candidates for the Democratic nomination for president, he received the fewest votes - less than one percent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://maps.google.com/maps/mpl?moduleurl=https://www.google.com/mapfiles/mapplets/elections/2008/primary/primaries.xml|title=Google Maps coverage of the primaries|website=google.com|access-date=April 16, 2018}}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
In March 2008, Gravel announced that he had joined the [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]] and would seek its presidential nomination, instead of further pursuing the Democratic nomination.<ref name="lib-party">{{cite news | url=http://elections.foxnews.com/2008/03/26/gravel-joins-libertarian-party-presidential-prospects-unknown | title=Gravel Joins Libertarian Party, Plans New Presidential Bid| publisher=FOXnews.com| date=March 26, 2008 | access-date=March 26, 2008}}</ref> In May 2008, Gravel finished fourth at the [[2008 Libertarian National Convention]], leading to his exit politics until his [[Mike Gravel 2020 presidential campaign|2020 presidential campaign]].
==Announcement==
[[Image:Mgravelgrandpa.jpg|thumb|right|Mike Gravel at the launch of his presidential campaign on April 17, 2006]]
On April 17, 2006,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A01EED8173FF93BA25757C0A9609C8B63 |title=Washington: A 'Maverick' For President |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 18, 2006 |access-date=December 24, 2007}}</ref> Gravel became the first candidate for the [[Potential Democratic candidates in the 2008 U.S. presidential election|Democratic nomination]] for [[President of the United States]] in the [[2008 United States presidential election|2008 election]], announcing his run in a speech to the [[National Press Club (USA)|National Press Club]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] Short on campaign cash, he took [[public transportation]] to get to his announcement.<ref name="ap-announ">Philip Elliot, [public.findlaw.com/pnews/news/ap/p/621/04-18-2006/c60b0015abcf40d9.html "Ex-Alaska Sen. Gravel Runs for President"], [[Associated Press]], April 17, 2006. Accessed March 10, 2007.</ref>
Gravel had spoken out against the [[war in Iraq]] since before the invasion of that country began in March 2003. In his announcement he called for [[Withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq (2007–2011)|immediate cessation of US military involvement in Iraq]]<ref name="ap-announ"/> via his own-drafted U.S. Armed Forces Withdrawal From Iraq Act, and offered a strategy he claimed would get it passed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gravel2008.us/?q=node/1191|title=US Armed Forces Withdrawal From Iraq Act|website=gravel2008.us|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref> He unequivocally denounced [[Support for military action against Iran|any possible war with Iran]]. His announced campaign platform was centered on systemic changes to the U.S. system. Foremost among these were:
* The [[National Initiative]] for Democracy, a Constitutional amendment and proposed federal statute that would recognize a fourth branch of the US federal government in addition to the judicial, executive and legislative branches, namely the people via [[direct democracy]], enabled to directly initiate and pass legislation and to amend the Constitution of the United States on their own.<ref name="ap-announ"/>
* A [[FairTax|national sales tax]] that would replace the income tax and the [[Internal Revenue Service]].<ref name="ap-announ"/>
Gravel's initial campaign also emphasized his support for a [[single-payer health care|single-payer national health care system]],<ref name="ap-announ"/> [[term limits]], [[nuclear disarmament]], and [[same-sex marriage]] recognition.
==Campaign developments 2006==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:team06.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Mike Gravel with Whitney Gravel and campaign supporters, 2006.]] -->
Although Gravel's candidacy was little-noticed by the national media, at its outset he campaigned almost full-time in [[New Hampshire]] ([[New Hampshire primary|the first primary state]]). He garnered broader awareness and interest through his occasional television appearances, [[netroots]] campaigning, participation in Party forums (such as the Democratic Presidential Candidates Forum and [[Democratic National Committee]] (DNC) Winter Conference), and up until October 30 in [[Philadelphia]], the string of televised debates sponsored by the DNC and others.
Gravel was interviewed for the ''Blue State Observer'' weblog on June 27, 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bluestateobserver.com/2006/07/scones-with-senator.html|title=www.bluestateobserver.com<!-- Bot generated title -->|website=bluestateobserver.com|access-date=April 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210193137/http://www.bluestateobserver.com/2006/07/scones-with-senator.html|archive-date=February 10, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> On that occasion he expressed his support for constitutional change in aid of citizen-initiated legislation, he declaimed the existence of limitations upon the conduct of [[stem cell research]], and stated he was against the widespread deportation of illegal immigrants then being advocated by conservative talk radio and other elements.
An August 2006 media release draws attention to the candidate's public opposition to the prospect of [[Iraq War|war in Iraq]] expressed as long ago as the early months of 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gravel08.us/?q=node/85|title=Gravel calls on Congress to end Bush's war in Iraq - Mike Gravel For President 2008<!-- Bot generated title -->|website=gravel08.us|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref>
The campaign and/or candidate attracted mainstream coverage in [https://www.nytimes.com/ref/us/politics/IRAQPOSITIONS.html ''The New York Times''], [http://news.rgj.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070222/NEWS15/702220343/1002&GID=Jtbk/aC+6YUqgZ+Y1tFGQKskVj+GavxCcnnsJB09fNw%3D ''The Reno Gazette-Journal'']{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, on [https://web.archive.org/web/20070504022236/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/05/02/politics/purehorserace/main2754237.shtml CBS News], on [http://www.abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=3060812&page=1 ABC News], in [http://www.gravel2008.us/?q=node/1077 ''The Progressive''], and in [https://web.archive.org/web/20070514053741/http://www.spectator.org/dsp_article.asp?art_id=11359 ''The American Spectator'']/
Gravel delivered an address before the [[New Hampshire]] [[New Hampshire Institute of Politics|Institute of Politics]] at [[Saint Anselm College]] in November 2006 which has been recorded and published on video.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCkgFr7CACY |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/oCkgFr7CACY |archive-date=December 15, 2021 |url-status=live|title=Presidential Candidate Mike Gravel: "Eisenhower's Warning"|last=gravel2008|date=November 26, 2006|access-date=April 16, 2018|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
The campaign website included participation forums. A video section of the campaign website linked to videos of some media appearances, his address to the New Hampshire Institute of Politics, a September 2006 appearance at the 'Camp Democracy' activist forum in Washington D.C., as well as the introductory video from his successful 1968 Senate campaign.
The candidate has maintained his own weblog since October 2006, and began blogging at ''[[The Huffington Post]]'' in June 2007 as well. The Gravel campaign also had its own [[YouTube]] channel featuring more than 80 videos of the candidate's past speeches and campaign appearances.
==Campaign developments 2007==
===First quarter===
Gravel's address before the DNC National Winter Conference in early February 2007 was received – enthusiastically, claimed campaign advocates – and was broadcast on [[C-SPAN]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5fAmhXMHIk8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929143046/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5fAmhXMHIk8&mode=related&search= |archive-date=September 29, 2007 |url-status=dead|title=YouTube|website=www.youtube.com|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref> In speaking he offered harsh judgments against [[George W. Bush|President Bush]] and the Senate Democratic leadership, and implicitly his presidential rivals [[Joe Biden]], [[Hillary Clinton]], and [[John Edwards]], saying "anyone who voted for the war on October 11 based upon what President Bush presented to them is not qualified to hold the office of President of the United States." Gravel was interviewed on [[MSNBC]] at the time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtH7ZR-jyrI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070418202052/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtH7ZR-jyrI |archive-date=April 18, 2007 |url-status=dead|title=YouTube|website=www.youtube.com|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref> He also appeared as a guest of a video weblog directed from New Jersey answering questions about [[netroots]] and the [[blogosphere]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJepo2pXiuw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618010108/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJepo2pXiuw |archive-date=June 18, 2008 |url-status=dead|title=YouTube|website=www.youtube.com|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref>
Senator Gravel was interviewed on Toniq TV where he forthrightly expressed views supporting the lifting of restrictions against the service of identified gays and lesbians in the US military.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D8-0nmEbMV8|title=YouTube|website=www.youtube.com|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref> Calling comparison to [[Executive Order 9981|President Harry S. Truman's racial desegregation of the US military in 1948]], he criticized former President [[Bill Clinton]] as 'dead wrong' and 'mousy' for his innovation of the '[[don't ask don't tell]]' policy covering homosexual conduct by military members:
<blockquote>When Clinton got to be President, well, the first he's doing is standing there on two legs waffling back and forth, oh, don't tell us you're gay. What are you talking about? If you had any knowledge of history, ancient history, in Sparta they ''encouraged'' homosexuality because they fight for the people they love. And if it's your partner and you love them, you're prepared to die for them, and that's the same ethic you see in the military today. It's not the country. It's my partner. Go see the movies on war, and it's always the person next to me who is in my foxhole with me. Well, I got to tell you, extend that a little further and you'll see why the Spartans trained their people to be homosexuals, because they're better fighters.</blockquote>
On February 11, 2007, the senator addressed the Jefferson County Presidents Day Dinner in [[Watertown, Wisconsin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gravel08.us/?q=node/381|title=Democratic Presidential Candidate Mike Gravel To Give Keynote Address At Jefferson County President's Day Dinner - Mike Gravel For President 2008<!-- Bot generated title -->|website=gravel08.us|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref>
On February 13, 2007, the senator released a statement outlining his views on the possibility of [[Federal impeachment in the United States|impeachment]] proceedings against President [[George W. Bush]], regarding it as 'not sufficient' and favoring a congressional inquiry which could ultimately lead to criminal charges being brought against the President.
Senator Gravel participated in the AFSCME Democratic Presidential Forum on February 21, 2007, in [[Carson City, Nevada]], at the Carson City Community Center. He appears toward the end of the video of the broadcast of the event<!-- and in the video of the his participation on his Youtbe channel -->.
In the Carson City Forum, he roundly condemned President Bush's policy of military involvement in Iraq and reminded those present of his statements warning of lies and distortions about [[Iraq and weapons of mass destruction|Iraq's supposed unlawful weapons of mass destruction]] as far back as early 2002 (the time of the occurrence of the first signs of the Bush Administration's formulation of an agenda for military action against Iraq). He decried the overall level of military spending as opposed to the funding of education and of what he regarded as the consequent, poor educational outcomes achieved.
Senator Gravel called on congressional Democrats to force a 'constitutional crisis' by denying all further budgetary appropriations in aid of continued American military involvement in Iraq. He further argued that the [[income tax]] should be 'wiped out' in favor of the [[FairTax]] proposal - which imposes a [[Progressive tax|progressive]] [[sales tax]] on newly manufactured items varying from 19% to 23% while providing 'prebates' to 'untax' families spending on necessities, up to the poverty level. He stated his view that experience showed [[income taxes]] were successfully 'gamed' by the wealthy at the expense of the poor and middle income earners. And he voiced his support for the constitutional and legal reform necessary to effect the [[National Initiative]] as a means of enabling citizen-initiated national lawmaking.
Senator Gravel also spoke in favor of public financial assistance for campaigning presidential candidates.
On February 26, 2007, Senator Gravel was interviewed about his campaign on the American [[C-SPAN]] network's ''[[Washington Journal]]'' program.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gravel2008.com/?q=node/440|title=お薦めの人間ドック総合情報比較WEBサイト|website=www.gravel2008.com|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref>
In a February 25, 2007 [[Washington Post]]/[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] nationwide poll of voters who lean Democratic, 0% supported Gravel for the Democratic presidential nomination.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/polls/postpoll_022607.htm | newspaper=The Washington Post | access-date=May 12, 2010 | title=Washington Post-ABC News Poll}}</ref> Indeed, through February 2007, such [[Opinion polling for the Democratic Party (United States) 2008 presidential candidates|opinion polls of contenders for the Democratic nomination]] all showed Gravel with a 1% or less support level.
At the close of the first quarter 2007 reporting period, the campaign committee had $498 in cash against debts and obligations amounting to $88,515.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://query.nictusa.com/cgi-bin/dcdev/forms/C00423202/285065/ |title=Form 3P for MIKE GRAVEL FOR PRESIDENT 2008 |access-date=December 29, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120021914/http://query.nictusa.com/cgi-bin/dcdev/forms/C00423202/285065/ |archive-date=November 20, 2008 }} [[Federal Election Commission|FEC]] Quarterly filing for April quarter 2007</ref>
===Second quarter===
Because of his time in the Senate, Gravel was invited to many of the early Democratic presidential debates. The first Democratic debate of the pre-primary season was in the evening of April 26, 2007, in [[Orangeburg, South Carolina]], at [[South Carolina State University]]. State party chairman [[Joe Erwin]] said that he chose South Carolina State because it is an [[Historically black colleges and universities|historically black college]], noting that [[African Americans]] have been the "most loyal" Democrats in the state.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wyff4.com/politics/13015854/detail.html |title=S.C. Democratic Chairman Says Debate Location Carefully Chosen |website=WYFF |date=April 25, 2007 |access-date=May 5, 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070927235048/http://www.wyff4.com/politics/13015854/detail.html |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref> The debate was 90 minutes with a 60-second time limit for answers, and no opening or closing statements.<ref name="Chron">{{cite web |title = Iraq dominates first Democratic debate |url = http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/nation/4753950.html | work = [[Houston Chronicle]] |date = April 27, 2007 |access-date = April 27, 2007 }}</ref> It was broadcast via [[cable television]] and online [[video streaming]] by [[MSNBC]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna18326264 |title=Democrats seek to seize initiative on Iraq |website=NBC News |date=April 27, 2007 }}</ref> The debate was moderated by [[Brian Williams]] of ''[[NBC Nightly News]]''.
Gravel appeared with the seven other contenders for the Democratic nomination for president. He stated that the [[Iraq War]] had the effect of creating more terrorists and that the "war was lost the day that George Bush invaded Iraq on a fraudulent basis." He maintained that an end to the war could be affected by a bill passed in the House and a Senate filibuster on such a bill defeated by a daily vote on cloture, but that the will to do so was lacking. Further, he suggested a bill requiring the president to withdraw from Iraq on pain of criminal penalties. He said the recent threat of a [[First strike (nuclear strategy)|pre-emptive nuclear strike]] in the "war on terror" was immoral and would be dropped under a Gravel administration, and that America has no important military enemies and it is the influence of the military-industrial complex that has conditioned Americans to think of the world in terms of enemies. He characterized the CIA overthrow of democracy in Iran in the 1950s lies as the root of U.S. problems with that country. Overall, he said that all American armed forces who died in Vietnam [[died in vain]] and American armed forces in Iraq were dying in vain. Regarding his fellow candidates, he said, "I got to tell you, after standing up with them, some of these people frighten me — they frighten me."<ref name="abc042607">[https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=3086826 No Breakout Candidate at Democratic Debate], [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]], April 26, 2007</ref>
Media stories about the debate said that Gravel was responsible for much of whatever "heat" and "flashpoints" had taken place.<ref name="abc042607"/><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928124618/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article1713018.ece "Clinton edges ahead after first Democratic debate"], ''[[The Times]]'', April 27, 2007.</ref><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/uselections08/story/0,2066862,00.html Hillary Clinton shines in Democratic candidates' debate], Ewen MacAskill, ''[[The Guardian]]'', April 27, 2007.</ref> Gravel gained considerable publicity by shaking up the normally staid multiple-candidate format; ''[[The New York Times]]''<nowiki>'</nowiki> media critic said that what Gravel had done was "steal a debate with outrageous, curmudgeonly statements."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/04/us/politics/04tvwatch.html |title=A Show Where Candidates Are More Prop Than Player |author=Alessandra Stanley |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 4, 2007 |access-date=December 28, 2007}}</ref> The Internet was a benefit: a [[YouTube]] video of his responses in the debate was viewed more than 225,892 times, ranking seventeenth in most views for week and first among news and politics clips;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gMlHv2lDqA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518062818/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gMlHv2lDqA |archive-date=May 18, 2007 |url-status=dead|title=p. Mike Gravel at the Democratic Debate |work=This video has been removed due to terms of use violation |publisher=[[YouTube]] |access-date=May 4, 2007}} It was also ranked No. 7 top rated (for week), No. 23 top favored (for week), No. 25 most discussed (for week), No. 4 most linked (for week), and No. 1 top rated - news and politics (for week).</ref> his name became the fifteenth most searched-for in the [[blogosphere]];<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blogs.usatoday.com/onpolitics/2007/04/mike_gravel_soo.html |title=Mike Gravel, soon to be a household name |author=Mark Memmott, Jill Lawrence |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=April 30, 2007 |access-date=December 28, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024150656/http://blogs.usatoday.com/onpolitics/2007/04/mike_gravel_soo.html |archive-date=October 24, 2007 }}</ref> and his website garnered more traffic than those of frontrunners [[Hillary Clinton]], [[Barack Obama]], or [[John Edwards]].<ref name="salon050707"/> Gravel appeared on the popular ''[[The Colbert Report|Colbert Report]]'' on television on May 2,<ref name="salon050707"/> and his campaign and career were profiled in national publications such as ''[[Salon (magazine)|Salon]]''.<ref name="salon050707">Alex Koppelman, [http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2007/05/07/mike_gravel/index.html "Don't worry, be Mike Gravel"], ''[[Salon.com]]'', May 7, 2007. Accessed July 4, 2007.</ref>
All of this did not help his poll ratings: a May 2007 CNN poll showed him with less than 0.5 percent support among Democrats.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/05/07/schneider.2008.polls/index.html | work=CNN | title=Poll: Liberals moving toward Clinton; GOP race tightens - CNN.com | access-date=May 12, 2010}}</ref>
In late May 2007, two wordless, [[avant-garde]] campaign videos, "Rock" and "Fire", created by [[Otis College of Art and Design]] staff Matt Mayes and Guston Sondin-Klausner, were released on YouTube and became hits.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/06/18/mike-gravel-behind-the-music/ | title=Mike Gravel: Behind the Music | author=Lisa Tozzi | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date=June 18, 2007 | access-date=February 15, 2008}}</ref> The first, nearly three minutes long, showed Gravel staring at the camera silently for more than one minute, then throwing a large rock into a lake and slowly walking away, with a sole graphic showing the campaign website.<ref name="rock-video"/> The second, nearly eight minutes long, briefly showed Gravel walking through a forest collecting wood and looking at the resultant campfire, then for the remaining seven minutes just showed the fire burning, with the website graphic superimposed.<ref name="fire-video"/> These videos would eventually gain over 480,000 and 140,000 views respectively.<ref name="rock-video">{{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rZdAB4V_j8 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/0rZdAB4V_j8 |archive-date=December 15, 2021 |url-status=live| title=Mike Gravel - Rock |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=May 27, 2007 |access-date=February 15, 2008}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="fire-video">{{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lRwizmuCnOw |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/lRwizmuCnOw |archive-date=December 15, 2021 |url-status=live| title=Mike Gravel - Fire |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=May 28, 2007 |access-date=February 15, 2008}}{{cbignore}}</ref> "Rock" was given airtime during an episode of ''[[The Daily Show with Jon Stewart]]''.
[[WMUR-TV]], [[CNN]], and the ''[[New Hampshire Union Leader]]'' hosted both Democratic and Republican debates in [[Goffstown, New Hampshire]], at [[Saint Anselm College]]. The Democratic debate was Sunday, June 3, starting at 7 PM EDT and lasting two hours, commercial free. The moderator was [[Wolf Blitzer]], host of ''[[Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer|Late Edition]]'' and ''[[The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer|The Situation Room]]''.<ref>[http://www.unionleader.com/article.aspx?articleId=1ad37d0c-0189-455e-8211-8ee77a523e2e Union Leader - Primary calendar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924121306/http://www.unionleader.com/article.aspx?articleId=1ad37d0c-0189-455e-8211-8ee77a523e2e |date=September 24, 2018 }}, [[New Hampshire Union Leader]], April 12, 2007</ref> He was joined by [[Tom Fahey]] of the ''Union Leader'' and Scott Spradling from the local NH television station WMUR. The first half of the debate was a directed question and answer, with candidates at podiums, as in the first debate, responding to questions from Fahey and Spradling.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/06/04/nh.debate.main/index.html | work=CNN | title=Contenders clash on Iraq, immigration, health care - CNN.com | access-date=May 12, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/03/AR2007060301349.html?hpid=topnews | newspaper=The Washington Post | title=Democrats Focus on Iraq In Contentious Second Debate | first1=Anne | last1=Kornblut | first2=Dan | last2=Balz | date=June 4, 2007 | access-date=May 12, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20070603/democrats-debate/ | work=Huffington Post | first=Beth | last=Fouhy | title=Democrats Clash on Iraq, Health Care - The Huffington Post | date=June 3, 2007}}</ref>
On March 17, 2007, [[CNN]], the ''[[New Hampshire Union Leader]]'' and [[WMUR-TV]] had formally decided to exclude former Senator Gravel from debates between Democratic presidential candidates they would be sponsoring in New Hampshire.<ref name="banned">[http://www.gravel2008.us/?q=node/471 CNN and local media have banned Mike Gravel from New Hampshire debates | Mike Gravel For President 2008<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227034815/http://www.gravel2008.us/?q=node%2F471 |date=December 27, 2007 }}</ref> The decision was decried as "censorship, unbecoming a free society",<ref name="banned"/> and on May 1 the decision was reversed, and Gravel was invited to be a participant. The venue was [[Saint Anselm College]] and the debate was nationally televised on CNN.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gravel08.us/?q=node/712|title=It's Official: Senator Gravel Invited to CNN Debate - Mike Gravel For President 2008<!-- Bot generated title -->|website=gravel08.us|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref>
Gravel reiterated many of his past foreign policy points during the debate, and emphasized that Biden, Clinton, Dodd, and Edwards voted for the resolution under which the invasion and occupation of Iraq were undertaken and Edwards co-sponsored it. Gravel claimed that the history of Southeast Asia after U.S. withdrawal showed Iraq withdrawal would not necessarily be dire, and that the insurgency in Iraq was successful because it had the support of the Iraqi people. He said that the fact that the other candidates knew, or should have known, that there were "two sets of books" being kept on intelligence from Iraq, and that they voted the resolution that authorized the war in spite of that fact, indicates that morality plays no part in their political decisions and that lack of moral judgment ought to keep them from the presidency.
Two of eight candidates, Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama, were accorded greater talk-time than the moderator. Barack Obama was accorded the greatest talk-time at 16 full minutes, 2.85 times the talk-time accorded Gravel, who was accorded the least talk-time at 5.62 minutes.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web|url=http://chrisdodd.com/taxonomy/term/358|title=talk clock - Chris Dodd for President<!-- Bot generated title -->|website=chrisdodd.com|access-date=April 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927223455/http://chrisdodd.com/taxonomy/term/358|archive-date=September 27, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>
On June 28, 2007, in Washington, D.C., [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] held and televised a debate at [[Howard University]], an [[Historically black colleges and universities|historically black college]]. The moderator was [[Tavis Smiley]]. All eight candidates discussed various topics including education, poverty, unemployment, racial discrimination, and health in the black community.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Transcript of the Third Democratic Primary Presidential Debate
| newspaper = The New York Times
| date = June 28, 2007
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/28/us/politics/29transcript.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5070&en=2888deb71879ee48&ex=1183780800
| access-date = July 5, 2007 }}
</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title = Black voters to figure prominently in 2008 race
| publisher = [[People's Weekly World]]
| date = July 5, 2007
| url = http://www.pww.org/index.php/article/articleview/11356/1/380
| access-date = July 5, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070714174331/http://www.pww.org/index.php/article/articleview/11356/1/380 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = July 14, 2007}}
</ref> The debate drew a record crowd of celebrities, such as [[Harry Belafonte]], [[Al Sharpton]], Dorothy Heights, [[Jesse Jackson]], [[Terry McMillan]], [[Judge Hatchett]], and [[Mark Ridley-Thomas]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2007}}
Gravel's points in the debate included that the "war on drugs" was a failure. He asserted that the prison population of the US had increased 1285% over the past 35 years and that 70% of that population is African-American. Gravel compared the legal basis for the war on drugs to Prohibition, claimed that it made criminals of people who otherwise were not criminals, and that they were disproportionately African-American. Gravel asserted that the money spent on the war in Iraq could have built 4 million houses thus helping victims of [[Hurricane Katrina]], or financed 21 million four-year college scholarships, or hired 7.6 million new teachers. Gravel said that the income tax code was especially open to corruption. That the tax code was now so complicated and corrupted that no one alive understood it. He said that with his alternative, progressive sales tax proposal everyone would know what everyone else was paying in taxes. Gravel said that equal justice before the law would only be possible if the people were empowered as lawmakers. Gravel asserted that Free Trade Agreements benefited corporate management and shareholders but hurt most people on both sides to the agreement.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/kcet/tavissmiley/special/forums/transcript.html|title=PBS Transcript|website=pbs.org|access-date=April 16, 2018|archive-date=December 19, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219175201/http://www.pbs.org/kcet/tavissmiley/special/forums/transcript.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/kcet/tavissmiley/special/forums/video.html|title=PBS Video, Audio and downloadable Podcast|website=pbs.org|access-date=April 16, 2018|archive-date=June 6, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090606093149/http://www.pbs.org/kcet/tavissmiley/special/forums/video.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/28/us/politics/29transcript.html|title=Transcript of the Third Democratic Primary Presidential Debate|work=The New York Times |date=June 28, 2007|access-date=April 16, 2018|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref><ref>[http://www.cfr.org/publication/13699/democratic_debate_transcript_washington_dc.html CFR Transcript] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100720074909/http://www.cfr.org/publication/13699/democratic_debate_transcript_washington_dc.html |date=July 20, 2010 }}</ref><ref>[rtsp://video.c-span.org/archive/c08/c08_062807_demsdebate.rm C-SPAN Video]{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
This was the first debate during which all the candidates were accorded equal time. The earlier debates were heavily biased toward the 'Top-tier' candidates.
By the second-quarter 2007 close, the committee had $31,141 in cash on hand, and had collected a total of $175,229 in net contributions during the entire 2008 election cycle.<ref>http://query.nictusa.com/cgi-bin/fecgimg/?27990296042.pdf{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Federal Election Commission|FEC]] Quarterly filing for July quarter 2007</ref>
===Third quarter===
[[Image:Mike Gravel for President 2008 fundraising.png|thumb|right|234px|Gravel's fundraising efforts for the first three quarters of 2007.]]
On July 12, 2007, in [[Detroit]], Michigan, all eight candidates attended a debate held during the [[NAACP]] convention. John Edwards and Hillary Clinton were overheard—on stage, over microphones—conferring about weeding those candidates not in the 'Top-tier' out of future debates.<ref>{{cite news |first=Anne |last=Kornblut |author-link=Anne Kornblut |title=Officially the First, Democrats' Debate Feels Like Anything But |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/22/AR2007072200818.html?hpid=topnews |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=A01 |date=July 23, 2007 |access-date=July 24, 2007 }}</ref>
On July 23, 2007, in [[Charleston, South Carolina]], the [[CNN-YouTube Presidential Debates]] took place for the Democrats, on the campus of [[The Citadel (military college)|The Citadel]]. All questions were selected from among, and posed as videos submitted via YouTube by members of the public; the debate was moderated by [[Anderson Cooper]] of [[Anderson Cooper 360]]. YouTube and [[Google]] streamed the event live.<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.democrats.org/a/2007/05/dnc_announces_d_1.php The Democratic Party | DNC Announces Dates, Media Sponsors and Locations for Sanctioned Debates<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026062650/http://www.democrats.org/a/2007/05/dnc_announces_d_1.php |date=October 26, 2007 }}</ref> It was also simulcast on [[CNN en Español]].
Two of eight candidates, Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama, were accorded greater talk-time than the moderator. Barack Obama was accorded the greatest talk-time at 15.18 minutes, 3.64 times the talk-time accorded Gravel, who was accorded the least talk-time at 4.17 minutes.<ref name=autogenerated2 /><ref>[http://www.cfr.org/publication/13876/democratic_debate_transcript_cnnyoutube.html CFR Transcript] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071101151443/http://www.cfr.org/publication/13876/democratic_debate_transcript_cnnyoutube.html |date=November 1, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/07/23/debate.transcript/|title=Part I: CNN/YouTube Democratic presidential debate transcript - CNN.com|website=www.cnn.com|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/07/24/youtube.debate.video/|title=CNN/YouTube Democratic debate: Complete video - CNN.com|website=www.cnn.com|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref> Gravel responded to audience applause when he had complained of a lack of airtime and said: "Thank you. Has it been fair thus far?"<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/07/23/debate.transcript/index.html |title= Part I: CNN/YouTube Democratic presidential debate transcript |publisher=[[CNN.com]] |date=July 24, 2007 |access-date=December 28, 2007}}</ref> Detractors began to liken Gravel to "the cranky uncle who lives in the attic,"<ref name="drugs">{{cite news |url=http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/news/politics/blog/2008/01/mike_gravel_tells_teens_do_pot.html |title=Mike Gravel to teens: Say 'yes' to drugs |author=Rick Pearson |newspaper=[[Baltimore Sun]] |date=January 7, 2008 |access-date=January 9, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080109142954/http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/news/politics/blog/2008/01/mike_gravel_tells_teens_do_pot.html |archive-date=January 9, 2008 }}</ref> or "the angry old guy that just seemed to want to become angrier."<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_8043044 | title=Democratic hopeful Gravel visits Park City | author=Dan Harrie | newspaper=[[The Salt Lake Tribune]] | date=January 22, 2008 | access-date=February 1, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080204231107/http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_8043044 | archive-date=February 4, 2008 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Mike Gravel 070804 yearlykos sat 0022.JPG (1012770304).jpg|thumb|Gravel at the Yearly Kos convention at [[McCormick Place]] in Chicago on August 4, 2007]]
On August 4, 2007, the [[Netroots Nation|Yearly Kos]] Presidential Leadership Forum was held in [[Chicago]], Illinois. This informal discussion was attended by seven of the eight presidential candidates, with Joe Biden not attending due to votes in Congress. ''[[New York Times Magazine]]'' writer [[Matt Bai]] and DailyKos Contributing Editor and Fellow Joan McCarter moderated. The debate was broken down into Domestic Policy, Foreign Policy, and Philosophy and Leadership. Candidates were allotted 90 seconds for each question with 45 second rebuttals, although the time limits were not strictly enforced. After the debate, breakout sessions were held where convention goers could question each candidate individually.
Gravel expounded upon the shortcomings of representational government, concluding with, "So the only answer is for you to realize that the answer is not up here on the dais, the answer is with you, the American people, to acquire lawmaking powers." He reiterated that the U.S. Senate had the power to shut down the Iraq War with a series of forced cloture votes if they so chose. And he talked about the effect of the concentration of the media and of money in politics, saying "You gotta keep in mind that all politicians sort of walk in the mud. You know their head may be up here but they walk in the mud. And you have to understand that, because of the way the system is structured, you have to raise money. We're raising hundreds of millions of dollars on this dais for these people to talk to you, when we all know that money is the corrupting agent of politics, and lo and behold the media, which is now controlled in this country by five corporations, is telling us that these people who raise the most, who technically are the most corrupt, are the ones that should get to be elected."<!-- [http://www.yearlykosconvention.org/node/741 YearlyKos Video],--><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yearlykosconvention.org/node/7|title=3, 2, 1 ... Launch!|website=www.yearlykosconvention.org|access-date=April 16, 2018|archive-date=February 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207015408/http://www.yearlykosconvention.org/node/7|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=944TsmjXPK0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/944TsmjXPK0 |archive-date=December 15, 2021 |url-status=live|title=TPMtv: Yearly Kos Chapter 18|last=Veracifier|date=August 5, 2007|access-date=April 16, 2018|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
On August 9, 2007, Gravel participated in an LGBT network [[Logo (TV channel)|Logo]] hosted debate focusing on [[LGBT]] issues, moderated by [[Human Rights Campaign]] President [[Joe Solmonese]] and singer [[Melissa Etheridge]] in [[Los Angeles, California]]. Gravel was originally excluded from this debate, the reason given that his campaign had not raised enough money to qualify for participation. Rallying from Gravel's supporters reversed this decision.<ref>365Gay.com Newscenter Staff & Wires. [[Logo|365gay.com]] (August 5, 2007). Retrieved on September 9, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://blogs.suntimes.com/sweet/2007/08/sweet_dem_gay_forum_special_pa.html Chicago Sun-Times Transcript] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014062914/http://blogs.suntimes.com/sweet/2007/08/sweet_dem_gay_forum_special_pa.html |date=October 14, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://visiblevote08.logoonline.com/index.php |title=The Visible Vote '08 Video |access-date=October 30, 2007 |archive-date=July 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720043636/http://visiblevote08.logoonline.com/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>
On August 19, 2007, in [[Des Moines, Iowa]], [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] in conjunction with the [[Iowa Democratic Party]] held a debate streamed on ''[[This Week (ABC TV series)|This Week]]'' moderated by [[George Stephanopoulos]].<ref>[http://www.ovaloffice2008.com/2007/02/primary-debates-schedule.html www.ovaloffice2008.com<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071110223958/http://www.ovaloffice2008.com/2007/02/primary-debates-schedule.html |date=November 10, 2007 }}</ref>
During the course of the debate Gravel reiterated many of his stances against the Iraq War. Asked if he believed in the [[efficacy of prayer]] Gravel replied that he believed in love, that love implements courage, and that courage fosters all the other virtues useful in life. Gravel observed that many of the people who pray are the same ones who want to go to war and thus to kill fellow human beings. Gravel said that more love between individual Americans, individual Iowans, would enable more individual courage, and that more courage would enable Americans to grapple with the problems of governance. Gravel also questioned Americans' view of their country as "Number 1" in the world.
Five of eight candidates, Joe Biden, Bill Richardson, John Edwards, Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama, were accorded greater talk-time than the moderator. Barack Obama was accorded the greatest talk-time at 13.17 minutes, 2.7 times the talk-time accorded Gravel, who was accorded the least talk-time at 4.88 minutes.<ref name=autogenerated2 /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/Decision2008/story?id=3498294&page=1|title=TRANSCRIPT: The Democratic Debate|date=August 23, 2007|website=ABC News|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Video|title=ABC News Videos|website=ABC News|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>[rtsp://video.c-span.org/project/rwh/rwh081907.rm C-SPAN Video]{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Berkley political scientist David Terr found that moderator [[George Stephanopoulos]] directed roughly five percent of his questions to Gravel;<ref>{{cite news|title=ABC News Debate - Unfair for Kucinich and Gravel |url=http://www.usaelectionpolls.com/2008/articles/dennis-kucinich-mike-gravel-unequal-time-abc-debate.html |publisher=[[USA Election Polls]] |date=August 23, 2007 |access-date=April 17, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228151049/http://www.usaelectionpolls.com/2008/articles/dennis-kucinich-mike-gravel-unequal-time-abc-debate.html |archive-date=February 28, 2008 }}</ref> In a poll asking who did the best in the debate, Gravel placed seventh among the eight candidates.<ref name = "ABC News Poll">{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/Decision2008/popup?id=3493427 |title=ABC News Poll |date=August 19, 2007 |website=ABC News|access-date=April 16, 2018 }}</ref> [[Opinion polling for the Democratic Party (United States) 2008 presidential candidates|National opinion polls of contenders for the Democratic nomination]] continued to show Gravel with one percent or zero percent numbers.
On September 9, 2007, [[Univision]] hosted a forum in Spanish at the [[University of Miami]]'s Bank United Center in [[Coral Gables, Florida]] and moderated by Univision's anchors [[Jorge Ramos (news anchor)|Jorge Ramos]] and [[Maria Elena Salinas]].<ref>[http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=1200711 Candidatos presidenciales en Univision : Un debate en español para los hispanos - Foros y Debates Presidenciales - Elecciones 2008<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606054438/http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=1200711 |date=June 6, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://variety.com/2007/scene/markets-festivals/hopefuls-agree-to-univision-debate-1117970233/ | work=Variety | title=Hopefuls agree to Univision debate | first=Michael | last=Learmonth | date=August 14, 2007}}</ref> Joe Biden did not participate in the debate. During the course of the forum Gravel stated that it was wrong that the father of (Pfc. 3rd Squadron, 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment) Armando Soriano (age 20, of [[Houston]]), killed in Iraq (Feb 1, 2004, in [[Haditha]]), was about to be deported. Along with the other candidates Gravel committed to immigration reform in his first year as president. Gravel then charged that the national immigration issue was in fact a case of scapegoating immigrants for other systemic problems in the US, in education and health care for example. Gravel said he was embarrassed that the US was building a wall on its southern border. Gravel charged that CAFTA and NAFTA were the real causes of many of the problems on both sides of the US borders but confessed that he thought remedying those acts would have to await the enactment of the National Initiative for Democracy and the empowerment of US citizens as legislators. Gravel said that instead he would reach out to Hugo Chávez in Venezuela and to Castro leadership in Cuba as well. Reminded that health problems had forced Gravel into bankruptcy, Gravel was asked how he would apply his personal experience to the problem of health care. Gravel outlined his plan for healthcare vouchers, paid for out of general revenues, to be applied against premiums of up to five private plans and one government plan, each with identical defined benefits, each mandated to allow freedom of choice of provider.
All candidates were accorded equal talk times at the Univision forum.<ref>http://media.miamiherald.com/smedia/2007/09/09/23/English_transcript.source.prod_affiliate.56.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120094213/http://media.miamiherald.com/smedia/2007/09/09/23/English_transcript.source.prod_affiliate.56.pdf |date=January 20, 2016 }} {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>
A September 11, 2007 [[Los Angeles Times]]/Bloomberg poll found that, among registered [[South Carolina]] voters who plan to vote in the Democratic primary or usually vote for Democrats, 2% would vote for Gravel "if the presidential primary were held today".<ref>[https://archive.today/20120914023136/http://www.scribd.com/doc/282208/LAT-Bloomberg-Presidential-Poll-09112007] [[Scribd.com]] LAT Bloomberg Presidential Poll November 9, 2007</ref> Candidates [[Chris Dodd]], [[Dennis Kucinich]], and [[Bill Richardson]] each got 1% of respondents to that question. Additionally in the same poll of South Carolina voters, in response to the question, "Regardless of your choice for president, who do you think has the best chance of beating the Republican candidate in November…?" Gravel polled 2%, compared to 1% for [[Joe Biden]] and Bill Richardson, and 0% for Chris Dodd and Dennis Kucinich.
During mid-September 2007, [[Yahoo]]!, in partnership with [[The Huffington Post]], produced a "mashup debate" with [[Charlie Rose]] interviewing the candidates. Segments were recorded on September 12, with the "mashups" posted on September 13.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/politics/onlinerights/news/2007/09/mashup_debate |magazine=Wired |title=Yahoo's Presidential 'Mashup Debate' Won't Support Mashups |date=September 12, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028093113/http://www.wired.com/politics/onlinerights/news/2007/09/mashup_debate |archive-date=October 28, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://debates.news.yahoo.com/|title=Yahoo News - Latest News & Headlines|website=debates.news.yahoo.com|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref>
On September 20, 2007, in [[Davenport, Iowa]], [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] held a forum focused on domestic issues, specifically health care and financial security. It was moderated by [[Judy Woodruff]], and was a joint venture between [[Iowa Public Television|IPTV]] and the [[AARP]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/ombudsman/2007/09/debates_are_on_debaters_are_off.html|title=Home - PBS Public Editor|website=Home - PBS Public Editor|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref> Barack Obama rejected PBS's invitation. Gravel and Dennis Kucinich were excluded from the debate on the grounds that they did not have at least one paid staff member or office space in Iowa.
On September 26, 2007, in [[Hanover, New Hampshire]], [[MSNBC]] held a debate at [[Dartmouth College]] in conjunction with [[New England Cable News]] and [[New Hampshire Public Radio]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://unionleader.com/article.aspx?articleID=1ad37d0c-0189-455e-8211-8ee77a523e2e |title=Union Leader - Manchester, New Hampshire<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=October 30, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235635/http://www.unionleader.com/article.aspx?articleId=1ad37d0c-0189-455e-8211-8ee77a523e2e |archive-date=September 26, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> During the course of the debate Gravel reiterated many of his familiar positions on Iraq. When asked his opinion Gravel stated that anyone old enough to fight and die for the nation ought to be able to drink alcohol legally.
Asked if he would tax gasoline to reduce national consumption Gravel said that he would tax all carbon based fuels to eliminate the politicians' and bureaucrats' playing favorites in the implementation of such a scheme. As well, he offered that he thought it futile to try to get the Congress to pass such a law, that it would instead require his proposed National Initiative and the empowering of the people to do so. Further he said that the nation could eliminate gasoline as an energy source in 5 years and all carbon based fuels in 10 years if it could just summon the will to do so, substituting wind generated electricity, for instance, for nuclear reactors as a source of power.
None of the eight candidates were accorded greater talk-time than the moderator, who accorded himself 19.42 minutes of talk-time. Hillary Clinton was accorded the second greatest amount of talk-time at 17.62 minutes, 4.1 times the talk-time accorded Gravel, who was accorded the least amount of talk-time at 4.33 minutes.<ref name=autogenerated2 />
A September 27–30, 2007 [[Opinion polling for the Democratic Party (United States) 2008 presidential candidates|American Research Group Poll]] showed Gravel with 2%, tied with [[Joe Biden]] and ahead of [[Dennis Kucinich]].
By the end of the third-quarter 2007, the committee had $17,526.55 in cash on hand, and had collected a total of $379,794.85 so far during the 2008 election cycle.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://query.nictusa.com/pres/2007/Q3/C00423202.html |title=Report for Mike Gravel for President 2008 |access-date=December 29, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071112090453/http://query.nictusa.com/pres/2007/Q3/C00423202.html |archive-date=November 12, 2007 }} [[Federal Election Commission|FEC]] Quarterly filing for October quarter 2007</ref>
===Fourth
On October 1, 2007, Gravel was interviewed on [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]. He described himself as an ordinary guy, and would be more likely to take the train than fly in a private jet. He explained that other leading nations, including [[Russia]], spend just 3%–4% of their budget on defense, while the US defense budget is more than all other nations combined. He then rhetorically asked: "What are we afraid of?" He explained that the defense budget is associated with the [[military industrial complex]]. He stated that the US military is internationally competitive, but the US schools and health care system are not. Gravel said that [[Ralph Nader]] once referred to him as a "breath of fresh air".
On October 19, it was announced that Gravel was excluded from the next Democratic debate – October 30, 2007, in [[Philadelphia]] to be televised on NBC News and MSNBC and held at [[Drexel University]]<ref name=autogenerated1 /> – with the debate sponsors or the [[Democratic National Committee]] saying Gravel's campaign had not met fund-raising, polling, or local campaign organizational thresholds.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/21548813 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012194343/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/21548813/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 12, 2013 |title=Democratic rivals target Clinton's vote on Iran |author=Alex Johnson |publisher=[[NBC News]] |date=October 31, 2007 |access-date=December 29, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.lasvegassun.com/sunbin/stories/nevada/2007/nov/07/110710306.html |title=CNN keeps Gravel out of Democratic debate in Las Vegas |agency=[[Associated Press]] |newspaper=[[Las Vegas Sun]] |date=November 7, 2007 |access-date=December 29, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110133508/http://www.lasvegassun.com/sunbin/stories/nevada/2007/nov/07/110710306.html |archive-date=January 10, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://thehill.com/campaign-2008/kucinich-booted-from-iowa-debate-2007-12-12.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213211533/http://thehill.com/campaign-2008/kucinich-booted-from-iowa-debate-2007-12-12.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 13, 2007 |title=Kucinich booted from Iowa debate |newspaper=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=December 12, 2007 |access-date=December 14, 2007}}</ref> For the Philadelphia exclusion, Gravel blamed [[corporate censorship]] on the part of sponsor owner and alleged [[military-industrial complex]] member [[General Electric]] for his exclusion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gravel2008.us/?q=node/2510 |title=Corporate Censorship! |author=Mike Gravel |publisher=Mike Gravel for President 2008 |date=October 30, 2007 |access-date=December 29, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080114224539/http://www.gravel2008.us/?q=node%2F2510 |archive-date=January 14, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/10/30/gravel-vs-msnbc/ |title=Gravel vs. MSNBC |author=Sarah Wheaton |date=October 30, 2007 |access-date=December 29, 2007 | work=The New York Times}}</ref>
Senator Gravel mounted a counter-gathering and debate against a video screen a short distance away,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.philly.com/philly/news/breaking/20071030_Democratic_debate_starts_at_9.html |title=The debate is on. Here. Tonight. |author=Larry Eichel |publisher=philly.com |date=October 30, 2007 |access-date=December 29, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080107011630/http://www.philly.com/philly/news/breaking/20071030_Democratic_debate_starts_at_9.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = January 7, 2008}}</ref> at Philadelphia's "World Cafe Live"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/news/breaking/20071030_Democratic_debate_starts_at_9.html|title=The debate is on. Here. Tonight. - Philly|website=philly.com|date=October 30, 2007 |access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/10/30/gravel-vs-msnbc/ | work=The New York Times | title=Gravel vs. MSNBC | first=Sarah | last=Wheaton | date=October 30, 2007 | access-date=May 12, 2010}}</ref> at the same time as,
and two blocks from, the Democratic presidential debate from which he was excluded. The debate was shown on a large screen, with Senator Gravel providing a running commentary and later answering audience questions. The event was called "An Alternate October 30th" and initially announced on Gravel's YouTube page.
However, Gravel's exclusion continued for almost all of the subsequent Democratic debates, and he had thus lost his easiest publicity.
At some point, none of the major polls were including Gravel's name in their polling.<ref>[http://www.realclearpolitics.com/polls/ RealClearPolitics - Polls<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827165022/http://www.realclearpolitics.com/polls/ |date=August 27, 2008 }}</ref> Despite poor polling numbers, Gravel had positive support among young people and Internet users, however his lowest support came from the constituency. Blind polls suggested that he would garner much more voting support if his positions were more well known.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moderncheek.com/2008/01/15/in-blind-poll-mike-gravel-is-your-next-president|title=In blind poll, Mike Gravel is your next president - Modern Cheek|website=www.moderncheek.com|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref>
For the fourth quarter of 2007, Gravel reported no money raised.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.opensecrets.org/pres08/index.asp?cycle=2008|title=2008 Presidential Election<!-- Bot generated title -->|website=opensecrets.org|access-date=April 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023181244/http://www.opensecrets.org/pres08/index.asp?cycle=2008|archive-date=October 23, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> Following Gravel's exclusion from most of the Democratic debates, and consequent impairment to his monetary turnover, his supporters began organizing "[[mass donation day]]s" to help the campaign gain momentum and necessary funds, in the manner of Republican presidential candidate [[Ron Paul]]. Such planned days included:
* October 30, 2007, in response to the exclusion of Gravel from the debate Philadelphia held a day later;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gravel2008.us/node/2503|title=gravel2008.us/node/2503|website=gravel2008.us|access-date=April 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808023711/https://gravel2008.us/node/2503|archive-date=August 8, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* December 5, 2007, the anniversary of the [[Repeal of Prohibition]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thepresidentialcandidates.us/2007/12/december-5-is-mass-donation-day-for.html | title=December 5 Is "Mass Donation Day" For Mike Gravel | publisher=The Presidential Candidates | date=December 4, 2007 | access-date=January 4, 2008 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120917144440/http://www.thepresidentialcandidates.us/2007/12/december-5-is-mass-donation-day-for.html | archive-date=September 17, 2012 }}</ref> (this day yielded upwards of $10,000 from donations);
* January 1, 2008, using the phrase "Gravel Resolution for Revolution" as a catchphrase and way to publicize; and
* January 27, 2008, the anniversary of the end of U.S. participation in the Vietnam War, in light of Gravel's efforts as a senator.
==Caucuses and primaries 2008==
Gravel did not compete in the initial January 3, 2008, vote, [[Iowa Democratic caucuses, 2008|the Iowa caucuses]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.whotv.com/Global/story.asp?S=7572270 |title=Second-Tier Dems Hope for Caucus Boost |publisher=[[WHO-TV]] |date=January 3, 2008 |access-date=January 4, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112125548/http://www.whotv.com/Global/story.asp?S=7572270 |archive-date=January 12, 2008 }}</ref> choosing to focus on the [[New Hampshire primary]] instead, and received no Iowa state delegates.<ref name="nyt010308">{{cite news | url=http://politics.nytimes.com/election-guide/2008/results/states/IA.html | title= Election Guide 2008 : Iowa Caucus Results | newspaper=The New York Times | date=January 3, 2008 | access-date=January 3, 2008}}</ref> Nevertheless, he was still subjected to a false report from [[Keith Olbermann]] of [[MSNBC]] that he had pulled out of the race afterward,<ref name="still-in">{{cite news | url=http://www.gravel2008.us/content/were-still-race | title=We're Still in the Race! | author=J. Skyler McKinley | publisher=Mike Gravel for President 2008 | date=January 4, 2008 | access-date=January 4, 2008 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105000811/http://www.gravel2008.us/content/were-still-race | archive-date=January 5, 2008 }}</ref> as fellow Democratic candidates [[Chris Dodd]] and [[Joe Biden]] had. Later that night, Gravel's campaign issued a press release and YouTube video denying this, making it clear that Gravel intends to continue his campaign and does not intend to drop out of the race for the presidency.<ref name="still-in"/> Keith Olbermann later apologized to the Gravel campaign stating that a man named Alex Colvin, Gravel's press secretary, contacted MSNBC news at approximately 11:30 PM. MSNBC double-checked the source and believed the man was who he said he was, and was subsequently read on the air.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXhtEAalGzQ | url-status=dead | title=Keith Olbermann Retracts Statement on Sen. Gravel | author=NBC News | publisher=NBC Universal | date=January 5, 2008 | access-date=January 6, 2008 | archive-date=June 14, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614150510/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXhtEAalGzQ }}</ref>
[[File:Mikegravelmanchester.JPG|thumb|right|upright|Gravel in [[Goffstown, New Hampshire]], two days before the primary there]]
Gravel ''did'' focus much of his attention on the second 2008 vote, the [[New Hampshire primary]] held on January 8, and gained some media attention for a pre-election appearance at [[Phillips Exeter Academy]] where he told students that using [[marijuana]] was safer than drinking [[alcohol (drug)|alcohol]].<ref name="pot">{{cite news | url=http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/news/politics/blog/2008/01/mike_gravel_tells_teens_do_pot.html | title=Mike Gravel to teens: Say 'yes' to drugs | author=Rick Pearson | newspaper=[[Baltimore Sun]] | date=January 7, 2008 | access-date=January 9, 2008 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080109142954/http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/news/politics/blog/2008/01/mike_gravel_tells_teens_do_pot.html | archive-date=January 9, 2008 }}</ref> In the primary he received 402 votes out of some 280,000 cast, or 0.14 percent.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/primaries/results/state/#NH | title=Election Center 2008: Primary Results for New Hampshire | publisher=CNN | date=January 9, 2008 | access-date=January 9, 2008}}</ref> Gravel said he would take some time off from campaigning to deal with a [[respiratory infection]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.boston.com/news/local/new_hampshire/articles/2008/01/08/former_alaska_senator_to_keep_campaigning/?rss_id=Boston.com%20--%20Top%20political%20stories |title=Mike Gravel to campaign on |agency=Associated Press |date=January 8, 2008 |access-date=January 8, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105161721/http://www.boston.com/news/local/new_hampshire/articles/2008/01/08/former_alaska_senator_to_keep_campaigning/?rss_id=Boston.com%20--%20Top%20political%20stories |archive-date=January 5, 2009 }}</ref> He subsequently resumed campaigning.
On January 15, 2008, Gravel received 2,363 votes out of 593,837 votes cast in the [[Michigan Democratic primary, 2008|Michigan primary]], or 0.40 percent.
<ref>
{{cite news
| url = http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/primaries/results/state/#MI
| title = Election Center 2008: Primary Results for Michigan
| publisher = CNN
| date = January 16, 2008
| access-date = January 16, 2008 }}
</ref>
Campaigning was light in the Democratic primary due to an intra-party dispute removing several top candidates' names from the ballot.
Gravel did not reach viability in any of the [[Nevada Democratic caucuses, 2008|Nevada caucuses]] in the state on January 19, 2008, and as a result, received no delegates.
On January 26, 2008, Gravel received 214 votes out of 532,468 votes cast in the [[South Carolina Democratic primary, 2008|South Carolina primary]], or 0.04 percent.
On January 29, 2008, Gravel finished 8th in the Florida primary, with a little over 5,000 votes. He finished behind 4 candidates who had already withdrawn.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nbc-2.com/Elections/ |title=NBC2 Online - Election News |access-date=January 30, 2008 |archive-date=September 7, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907104133/http://www.nbc-2.com/Elections |url-status=dead }}</ref>
This primary too was affected by an intra-party dispute causing several candidates not to campaign.
By the end of January 2008, Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, and Gravel were the only remaining Democrats from the initial debates still running.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailycal.org/article/100285/candidate_speaks_to_political_science_class |title=Candidate Speaks to Political Science Class |author=Sarah Morrison |newspaper=[[The Daily Californian]] |date=February 7, 2008 |access-date=February 7, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217131639/http://www.dailycal.org/article/100285/candidate_speaks_to_political_science_class |archive-date=February 17, 2008 }}</ref> Gravel vowed to stay in the presidential campaign until November.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.yaledailynews.com/articles/view/23498 | title=Gravel urges direct democracy at YPU | author=Isaac Arnsdorf | newspaper=[[Yale Daily News]] | date=February 13, 2008 | access-date=February 15, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080216102926/http://yaledailynews.com/articles/view/23498 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = February 16, 2008}}</ref><ref name="time030408">{{cite magazine | url=http://www.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1719305,00.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306020657/http://www.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1719305,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=March 6, 2008 | title=The Third Democrat in the Race | author=[[Joel Stein]] | magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date=March 4, 2008 | access-date=March 9, 2008}}</ref>
On March 11, 2008, Gravel continued to remain in the Democratic race but additionally endorsed a [[Green Party (United States)|Green Party]] candidate for president, [[Jesse Johnson (politician, born 1959)|Jesse Johnson]],<ref>{{cite news | url=http://thirdpartywatch.com/2008/03/11/mike-gravel-endorses-jesse-johnson-green-party-for-president/ | title=Mike Gravel endorses Jesse Johnson (Green Party) for President | publisher=Third Party Watch | date=March 11, 2008 | access-date=March 12, 2008 | archive-date=May 16, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516221235/http://thirdpartywatch.com/2008/03/11/mike-gravel-endorses-jesse-johnson-green-party-for-president/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> saying he wanted to help Johnson prevail against Green Party rivals [[Cynthia McKinney]] and [[Ralph Nader]].<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://reason.com/blog/show/125552.html | title=Several Minutes with Mike Gravel | author=David Weigel | magazine=[[Reason (magazine)|Reason]] | date=March 18, 2008 | access-date=March 24, 2008}}</ref> As March neared a close, Gravel had almost no fundraising and was only on the ballot in one of the next ten Democratic primaries.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.tampabay.com/news/politics/elections/article432763.ece | title=Mike Gravel has gone from long shot to no shot for presidency | author=Amy Hollyfield | newspaper=[[St. Petersburg Times]] | date=March 27, 2008 | access-date=May 26, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402054234/http://www.tampabay.com/news/politics/elections/article432763.ece | archive-date=April 2, 2008 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Switch to Libertarian Party 2008==
[[File:Mike Gravel Denver Convention 740 (2533408717) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Gravel during a debate at the Libertarian National Convention]]
On March 26, 2008, Gravel announced that he had abandoned his bid for the Democratic Party nomination and would seek the presidential nomination of the [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]], stating "I look forward to advancing my presidential candidacy within the Libertarian Party, which is considerably closer to my values, my foreign policy views and my domestic views."<ref name="lib-party"/><ref name="lp-nod">{{cite news |url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/03/26/gravel-to-run-for-libertarian-nod/ |title=Gravel to Run for Libertarian Nod
|work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 26, 2008 |access-date=March 26, 2008 | first=Sarah | last=Wheaton}}</ref>
As a Libertarian candidate, Gravel found more support than he had as a Democrat, placing second and third in two April 2008 [[straw poll]]s.<ref name="libdebate1">{{cite news | url=http://www.gravel2008.us/content/straw-poll-results | title=Straw Poll Results | publisher=Mike Gravel for President 2008 | date=April 8, 2008 | access-date=April 8, 2008 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409183243/http://www.gravel2008.us/content/straw-poll-results | archive-date=April 9, 2008 }}</ref>
In the May 25 balloting at the [[2008 Libertarian National Convention]] in [[Denver]], Gravel finished fourth out of eight candidates on the initial ballot, with 71 votes out of 618; he trailed former Congressman and eventual winner [[Bob Barr]], author [[Mary Ruwart]], and businessman [[Wayne Allyn Root]].<ref name="lp-vote">{{cite web |url=http://www.lp.org/media/printer_588.shtml |title=Press Releases: Presidential and VP Vote Totals - Updated Live! |publisher=[[Libertarian Party (United States)|LP.org]] |date=May 25, 2008 |access-date=May 25, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080528033121/http://www.lp.org/media/printer_588.shtml <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = May 28, 2008}}</ref> Gravel's position did not improve subsequently and he was eliminated on the fourth ballot.<ref name="lp-vote"/> Afterwards he said, "I just ended my political career. From 15 years old to now, my political career is over, and it's no big deal. I'm a writer, I'm a lecturer, I'm going to push the issues of freedom and liberty. I'm going to push those issues until the day I die."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://elections.foxnews.com/2008/05/25/libertarians-pick-barr-as-presidential-nominee/ |title=Libertarians Pick Barr as Presidential Nominee |publisher=[[Fox News]] |date=May 25, 2008 |access-date=May 25, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528190001/http://elections.foxnews.com/2008/05/25/libertarians-pick-barr-as-presidential-nominee/ |archive-date=May 28, 2008 }}</ref>
==Political positions==
{{main|Political positions of Mike Gravel}}
==Endorsements==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Mikegranny.jpg|left|thumb|Mike Gravel with Doris 'Granny D' Haddock in 2007]] -->
Gravel had the endorsement of [[Campaign finance reform in the United States|campaign finance reform]] activist [[Granny D|Doris Haddock]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seacoastonline.com/news/12092006/nhnews-ph-nh-gravel.granny.html|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20080508025635/http://www.seacoastonline.com/news/12092006/nhnews-ph-nh-gravel.granny.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 8, 2008|title='Granny D ' Endorses Longshot Hopeful, Associated Press, 9 December 2006|website=seacoastonline.com|access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref> and received financial contributions from actor [[Mark Ruffalo]].
Noted academic and political dissident [[Noam Chomsky]] also endorsed Senator Gravel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gravel2008.us/content/noam-chomsky-applauds-senator-gravels-past-and-present-accomplishments|title=Noam Chomsky Applauds Senator Gravel's Past and Present Accomplishments|website=gravel2008.us|access-date=April 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807024135/https://gravel2008.us/content/noam-chomsky-applauds-senator-gravels-past-and-present-accomplishments|archive-date=August 7, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Notes==
{{Reflist|32em}}
==External links==
===Campaign and milestones===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070225133816/http://www.
* [
* [https://gravel08.blogspot.com/ Sen. Mike Gravel for President 2008 Blogspot]
* [http://www.gwu.edu/~action/2008/gravel/gravel041706spt.html Announcement of Candidacy. National Press Club, 17 April 2006] * [http://www.gwu.edu/~action/2008/gravel/gravel041706int.html First Interview following Announcement. National Press Club, 17 April 2006]
* [https://www.myspace.com/mikegravelforpresident Gravel2008 on MySpace.com - official]
===Interviews===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071013120243/http://bluestateobserver.com/2006/05/interview-with-sen-mike-gravel.html Blue State Observer — Interview]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070429082003/http://www.bluestateobserver.com/2006/07/scones-with-senator.html Blue State Observer — Scones with the Senator]
* Interview with Mike Gravel — The Eisenthal Report: [http://davideisenthal.typepad.com/the_eisenthal_report/2006/12/interview_with_.html Part 1], [http://davideisenthal.typepad.com/the_eisenthal_report/2006/12/interview_with__1.html Part 2], [http://davideisenthal.typepad.com/the_eisenthal_report/2006/12/my_take_on_the_.html Analysis]
* [http://www.citizenpowermagazine.net/interviewm3.html Interview with Mike Gravel — CitizenPowerMagazine.net]
* [http://www.antiwar.com/blog/2007/05/07/sen-mike-gravel/ Mike Gravel on Antiwar Radio with Scott Horton]
* Mike Gravel video interview: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=syvKOYiIOvs part 1], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahabyIXtHOE part 2], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tywqKnOOm58 part 3], and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JvHISDYeiI part 4].
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D8-0nmEbMV8 Answering a question about gays in the military]
* [http://www.ketv.com/politics/12632738/detail.html Conversation' With Mike Gravel]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLWZd4BCCPo Mike Gravel on CNN Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer]
* [[Washington Journal]] interview and call-in on [[C-SPAN]] — [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=clIDr4xVXRo part 1] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KyFRyxZp-s part 2] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0WpmVz6MY0 part 3] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzIx0W-VNjk part 4]. Wide range of issues are discussed.
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uT9z9WzkiQc Interviewed] by Harold Channer. Discusses [[Louis O. Kelso]], [[Binary Economics]], [[National Initiative]], and the interplay between the National Initiative, and Binary Economics. The two being the different faces of the same coin.
* [[Bernie Ward]] Program [[KGO-AM|KGO Radio San Francisco]] May 23, 2007
===Speeches and debates===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080103033521/http://www.evworld.com/evworld_audio/cspan_mikegravel.mp3 MP3 audio of speech delivered at the 2007 Democratic Winter conference in Washington, D.C., February 3, 2007]. [http://www.evworld.com/article.cfm?storyid=1185] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115515/http://www.evworld.com/article.cfm?storyid=1185 |date=June 17, 2008 }}
* [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=8059827287794076543&hl=en A Legislative Plan To End The War In Iraq, May 14, 2007] [[National Press Club (USA)|National Press Club]]
{{United States presidential election, 2008}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gravel, Mike}}
[[Category:History of libertarianism]]
[[Category:2008 Democratic Party (United States) presidential campaigns]]
[[Category:Mike Gravel]]
[[Category:Libertarian Party (United States) presidential campaigns]]
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