Tõnismägi: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Subdistrict of Tallinn, Estonia}}

[[Image:Tõnismägi, 27 May 2007.jpg|thumb|right|Tõnismägi, May 2007]]

{{For|the musician|Tõnis Mägi}}

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Tõnismäe

| settlement_type = Subdistrict of [[Tallinn]]

| image_skyline = Tõnismägi, 27 May 2007.jpg

| imagesize =

| image_caption = Tõnismägi, May 2007

| image_map = Tallinn tonismae asum.png

| map_caption = Tõnismäe within the district of [[Kesklinn, Tallinn|Kesklinn]] (Midtown).

| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]

| subdivision_name = [[Estonia]]

| subdivision_type1 = [[Counties of Estonia|County]]

| subdivision_name1 = [[Harju County]]

| subdivision_type2 = [[List of cities and towns in Estonia|City]]

| subdivision_name2 = [[Tallinn]]

| subdivision_type3 = District

| subdivision_name3 = [[Kesklinn, Tallinn|Kesklinn]]

| area_total_km2 =

| population_total = 1404

| population_as_of = 01.01.2014<ref name=population/>

| population_density_km2 =

| postal_code =

| website =

}}

'''Tõnismägi''' ([[Estonian language|Estonian]] for ''"[[Anthony the Great|St. Anthony's]] Hill"'') is a 36-metre high [[hillock]] adjacent to [[Toompea]] hill in [[Tallinn]], [[Estonia]].

'''Tõnismägi''' (literally: ''[[St. Anthony]]'s Hill'', also known as '''Tonismagi''' in international press) is a 36 meters high [[hillock]] adjascent to [[Toompea]] hill in [[Tallinn]], [[Estonia]]. From [[1945]] to [[1990]] the central portion of the hillock was called '''Liberators' Square'''. The place became internationally known in [[2007]] when the Estonian government relocated a Soviet war memorial known as the [[Bronze Soldier of Tallinn|Bronze Soldier]].<ref>[http://euronews.net/index.php?page=info&article=419677&lng=1 Estonia begins work to re-locate controversial statue]</ref><ref>[http://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/17779/ Relocated Bronze Soldier to be unveiled May 8]</ref>

From 1945 to 1996 the central portion of the hillock was called '''Liberators' Square''' ({{langx|et|Vabastajate väljak}}).<ref>[http://tallinn.andmevara.ee/oa/page.Tavakasutaja?c=1.1.1.1&id=32560 Tallinna Linnavalitsuse määrus nr. 26, 12.04.1996] {{in lang|et}}</ref> The place became internationally known in 2007 when the Estonian government relocated a Soviet war memorial known as the [[Bronze Soldier of Tallinn|Bronze Soldier]].<ref name="bronze1">[http://euronews.net/index.php?page=info&article=419677&lng=1 Estonia begins work to re-locate controversial statue]</ref><ref name="bronze2">[http://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/17779/ Relocated Bronze Soldier to be unveiled May 8]</ref> '''Tõnismäe''' ([[genitive case|genitive]] of ''Tõnismägi'') is also a subdistrict ({{lang|et|asum}}) in the district of [[Kesklinn, Tallinn|Kesklinn]] (Town Centre) with a population of 1,404 ({{as of|2014|01|01}}).<ref name=population>{{cite web|title=Statistical Yearbook of Tallinn 2014|url=http://www.tallinn.ee/eng/Statistical-Yearbook-of-Tallinn-2014|publisher=Tallinn City Government|accessdate=27 November 2014|page=52}}</ref>

__FORCETOC__

==History==

According to archaeological excavations, an [[oak]] forest grew on the hillock and its surrounding area in the first millennium. The hill has been dug lower several times during the centuries, thus leaving less material to be found by excavations, but some researchers believe that the area has been inhabited since the 12^th12th or 13^th13th century. First mention of Tõnismägi in writing is from [[1348]], when the town council of Tallinn gave the area to the [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]].<ref name="robi">[http://www.eelk.ee/~ktalkaarli/sulane/sulane8.html#ROBI Kirikud, kabelid ja kalmistud Tõnismäel. Robert Nerman] {{etWebarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720025036/http://www.eelk.ee/~ktalkaarli/sulane/sulane8.html#ROBI icon|date=2011-07-20 }} {{in lang|et}}</ref>

[[Image:Kaarlikirikv.jpg|thumb|right|The third Kaarli church]]

According to archaeological excavations, an [[oak]] forest grew on the hillock and its surrounding area in the first millennium. The hill has been dug lower several times during the centuries, thus leaving less material to be found by excavations, but some researchers believe that the area has been inhabited since the 12^th or 13^th century. First mention of Tõnismägi in writing is from [[1348]], when the town council of Tallinn gave the area to the [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]].<ref name="robi">[http://www.eelk.ee/~ktalkaarli/sulane/sulane8.html#ROBI Kirikud, kabelid ja kalmistud Tõnismäel. Robert Nerman] {{et icon}}</ref>

The history of Tõnismägi has always been related to religion. The oak forest was probably a sacred place for [[Estonians]], but before year [[1348]], a chapel for [[Anthony the Great|St. Anthony]] was built on the hill, accompanied by a cemetery. The chapel and cemetery were probably destroyed around 1570–1571 or 1577 during the [[Livonian War]].<ref name="robi"/> After the Livonian War several streets were built in the area.

In [[1670]], the first [[Kaarli Church]] (Charles's Church) was built here, named after the [[Sweden|Swedish]] king [[Charles XI of Sweden|Charles XI]]. The wooden church was for Estonians and local [[FinnFinns]]s. That church was burned down during the [[Great Northern War]] in August [[1710]].<ref name="robi"/> The short-lived second church was built in the 19^th19th century, but was torn down when the third Kaarli church was built in 1870.

<!--No sources what was and happened there 1870-1945 -->

On [[25 September 25]] [[1944]], remains of two Soviet soldiers were buried at the center of the hill. Additional remains were reburied there in April 1945.<ref name="redarmy">[http://www.valitsus.ee/brf/failid/statement_red_army_memorial.pdf Common grave for and a memorial to Red Army soldiers on Tõnismägi, Tallinn. Historical statement] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614045450/http://www.valitsus.ee/brf/failid/statement_red_army_memorial.pdf |date=2007-06-14 }}</ref>. After the burial of the Red Army soldiers on Tõnismägi the square was named Liberators' Square on [[12 June 12]] [[1945]]. A bronzememorial statuemonument was ordered from sculptorarchitect [[Arnold Alas]] and unveiled on [[22 September 22]]1947, its central part being a bronze statue by sculptor [[1947Enn Roos]]. In 1964, an [[eternal flame]] was added.<ref name="redarmy"/> In April 2007, the statue was relocated from Tõnismägi to the cemetery of the Estonian Defence Forces and a reburial process initiated.<ref name="bronze1"/><ref name="bronze2"/> ''(See [[Bronze Soldier of Tallinn]].)''

==Gallery==

{{main|Bronze Soldier of Tallinn}}

<gallery>

[[Image:Tallinn Bronze Soldier - May 2006 - 029.jpg|thumb|left|The Bronze Soldier on Tõnismägi. May, 2006.]]

Tallinn asv2022-04 img12 StCharles Church.jpg|The third Kaarli church

On [[September 25]] [[1944]], remains of two Soviet soldiers were buried at the center of the hill. Additional remains were reburied there in April 1945.<ref name="redarmy">[http://www.valitsus.ee/brf/failid/statement_red_army_memorial.pdf Common grave for and a memorial to Red Army soldiers on Tõnismägi, Tallinn. Historical statement]</ref>. After the burial of the Red Army soldiers on Tõnismägi the square was named Liberators' Square on [[June 12]] [[1945]]. A bronze statue was ordered from sculptor [[Arnold Alas]] and unveiled on [[September 22]] [[1947]]. In 1964, an [[eternal flame]] was added.<ref name="redarmy"/>

Tallinn Tonismae2.jpg|Roosikrantsi street

</gallery>

==See also==

The statue was taken down on [[April 27]] [[2007]]. As of the afternoon of [[April 30]] the statue without the [[mastaba]]-like stone wall had been placed at the [[Estonian Defence Forces]] [[Defence Forces Cemetery of Tallinn|Military Cemetery]] in Tallinn.<ref name="tagasi">[http://www.postimees.ee/300407/esileht/siseuudised/258058.php Pronkssõdur avati rahvale vaatamiseks] {{et icon}}</ref>

{{main|*[[Bronze Soldier of Tallinn}}]]

== References ==

On [[May 2]], Estonian Ministry of Defence issued declaration that remains of 12 persons had been exhumed and would be reburied at the same cemetery where the statue of the Bronze Soldier was relocated. Furthermore, the archaeologists performing the digs have confirmed that no more burials have taken place on the grounds of the monument. Reassembling the mastaba and reburial of the remains of the war victims found in the graves under the monument are expected to be completed by end of June.<ref>[http://www.epl.ee/artikkel/384060 Pronkssõdur on uues kohas!] {{et icon}}</ref>

{{Reflist}}

==External Linklinks==

<BR CLEAR=all/>

{{Commons category}}

*[http://www.eelk.ee/~ktalkaarli/english.html Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church Charles XI Parish in Tallinn website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207044534/http://www.eelk.ee/~ktalkaarli/english.html |date=2012-02-07 }}

==See also==

*[[Tallinn]]

*[[Estonia]]

*[[Bronze Soldier of Tallinn]]

{{coor title dmsCoord|59|25|52.41|N|24|44|23.49|E|type:landmark|display=title}}

== References ==

<references/>

{{Geographic ___location

==External Link==

|Centre = Tõnismäe

[http://www.eelk.ee/~ktalkaarli/english.html Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church Charles XI Parish in Tallinn website]

|North = [[Vanalinn]] (''Old Town'')

|Northeast = [[Südalinn]]

|East = [[Tatari, Tallinn|Tatari]]

|Southeast = [[Veerenni]]

|South = [[Uus Maailm]]

|Southwest = [[Uus Maailm]]

|West = [[Kassisaba]]

|Northwest = [[Kassisaba]]

}}

*[[{{Tallinn]]}}

{{coor title dms|59|25|52.41|N|24|44|23.49|E|type:landmark}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tonismagi}}

[[Category: Tallinn]]

[[Category: HistorySubdistricts of Estonia|*Tallinn]]

[[Category:Kesklinn, Tallinn]]

*[[Bronze SoldierCategory:History of Tallinn]]