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{{short description|Sports car}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox automobile
|
| image = 2023 Toyota Supra (2).jpg
|
| manufacturer = [[Toyota]]
| aka = {{unbulleted list
| Toyota Celica XX (Japan, 1978–1986)
| Toyota Celica Supra (international, 1978–1986)
| [[Toyota GR Supra]] (2019–present)
}}
| production = {{unbulleted list
| April 1978<ref name="parts catalogue 1977–1981">{{cite book |title=Toyota Celica Parts Catalogue 1977–1981 |publisher=Toyota}}</ref> – August 2002
| March 2019<ref name="productionstart">{{cite news |url=https://www.motor1.com/news/315221/2020-toyota-supra-production-start/ |title=First 2020 Toyota Supra Rolls Off Magna Steyr Assembly Lines |first=Anthony |last=Karr |work=Motor1 |___location=US |date=25 March 2019 |access-date=26 March 2019}}</ref> – present
}}
| class = [[Sports car]]/[[grand tourer]] ([[S-segment|S]])
| body_style = 3-door [[liftback]]/[[fastback]] [[coupé]]
| layout = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]]
| predecessor = [[Toyota Celica (A20)|Toyota Celica (A20/A30)]]<!-- The 2000GT is not the direct predecessor of the Supra -->
}}
{{Nihongo|The '''Toyota Supra'''|トヨタ・スープラ|Toyota Sūpura|lead=yes}} is a [[sports car]] and [[grand tourer]] manufactured and developed by the [[Toyota|Toyota Motor Corporation]] beginning in 1978. The name "[[wikt:supra|supra]]" is a definition from the Latin prefix, meaning "above", "to surpass" or "go beyond".<ref>{{cite web |title=Toyota Traditions |url=http://toyota.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/7713/~/what-do-the-different-toyota-model-names-mean |website=Toyota Global Site |access-date=30 December 2020 |archive-date=20 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120040915/http://toyota.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/7713/~/what-do-the-different-toyota-model-names-mean |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The
The Supra
In 1998, Toyota ceased sales of the fourth-generation Supra in the United States.<ref name="OSS"/> Production of the fourth-generation Supra for worldwide markets ended in 2002. In January 2019, the [[Toyota Supra (J29/DB)|fifth-generation Supra]], which was co-developed with the G29 BMW Z4, was introduced.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.motor1.com/news/236633/supra-z4-magna-steyr-production/ |title=Toyota Supra And BMW Z4 Could Be Built Together By Magna Steyr |work=Motor1 |date=20 March 2018 |access-date=5 October 2018}}</ref>
{{TOC limit|3}}
{{clear}}
== {{anchor|A40|A50}} First generation (A40/A50; 1978) ==
{{Infobox automobile
| name = First generation
| image = Toyota Supra (2492707827).jpg
| caption = Toyota Celica Supra (MA47)
| model_code = {{flatlist|
* A40
* A50
}}
| aka = {{unbulleted list
| Toyota Celica XX (Japan)
| Toyota Celica Supra
}}
| production = April 1978 – June 1981<ref name="parts catalogue 1977–1981"/>
| model_years = 1979–1981
| assembly = Japan: [[Tahara, Aichi]] ([[Tahara plant]])<ref name="tahara">{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/production/production/japan/general_status/tahara.html |title=75 Years of Toyota {{!}} General Status of Plants in Japan {{!}} Tahara Plant |year=2012 |access-date=21 July 2019}}</ref>
| related = {{unbulleted list
| [[Toyota Carina (A40)]]
| [[Toyota Celica (A40)]]
}}
| engine = {{unbulleted list
| 1988 cc ''[[Toyota M engine#M|M-EU]]'' [[Straight-six engine|I6]]
| 2563 cc ''[[Toyota M engine#4M|4M-E]]'' I6
| 2759 cc ''[[Toyota M engine#5M|5M-E]]'' I6
}}
| transmission = {{unbulleted list
| 5-speed ''[[Toyota W transmission#W50|W50]]'' [[Manual transmission|manual]]
| 4-speed ''[[Toyota A transmission#A40D|A40D]]'' [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]
| 4-speed ''[[Toyota A transmission#A43D|A43D]]'' automatic
}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|2630|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|4600-4615|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1650|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1290-1310|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|1150-1270|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
}}
The first generation of the Supra was based largely upon the Toyota Celica [[liftback]], but was longer by {{convert|129.5|mm|in||abbr=on}}. The doors and rear section were shared with the Celica but the front panels were elongated to accommodate the [[Inline-6]] instead of the Celica's [[Inline-4|4-cylinder]] engine. Toyota created the Celica Supra after receiving requests from North American dealerships to offer a competitor to the very popular [[Nissan Z-car|Datsun 280Z]].<ref name="CelicaXX">{{cite web |title=Toyota Celica XX |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/vehicle_lineage/car/id60010185/index.html |website=75 years of Toyota |publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation |access-date=9 June 2024}}</ref> The [[:ja:トヨタ・セリカXX|Celica XX]] (in Japanese) served as the basis of the '''[[Toyota CAL-1]]''' which was introduced at the 1977 [[Tokyo Motor Show]] and the Celica XX was introduced later in 1978.<ref name="CelicaXX"/> The Celica XX followed a new product offering Toyota had introduced, offering [[personal luxury car]]s at their existing dealerships. The Celica XX was the top-level product alongside the Celica at Japanese dealership sales channels called ''[[Toyota Corolla Store]]''. The Celica XX offered the same comforts of the [[Toyota Chaser (X30)|Chaser]] hardtop coupe, [[Toyota Mark II (X30)|Mark II]] hardtop coupe, and the [[Toyota Crown (S80)|Crown]] hardtop coupe.
=== Celica XX ===
{{Multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 220
|
| image2 = 1979 Toyota Celica XX 2000G rear.jpg
| caption2 = 1979 Toyota Celica XX 2000G (MA45)
}}
The '''Celica XX''' (pronounced "double X"<ref name=Catvol25>{{citation | ref = JAMA25 | title= 自動車ガイドブック | trans-title = Japanese Motor Vehicles Guide Book 1978/1979 | language = ja | volume = 25 | date = 1978-10-10 | publisher = [[Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association]] | ___location = Japan | pages = 119–120 | id = 0053-780025-3400 }}</ref>) is the [[Japanese domestic market|Japanese market]] name of the first generation Celica Supra. It was available with two straight-six engines and five trim packages, beginning with the 2600G, 2600S, 2000G, 2000S and the entry-level 2000L.<ref name="CelicaXX" /> Six exterior body colours were offered, while cloth upholstery patterns were specific to the trim package in burgundy, brown or dark blue. Leather was offered in brown and only on the "G" trim package. Aluminium alloy wheels were only offered on the "G" trim package. Power windows with driver-side express down, cruise control, power steering, AM/FM Stereo with a separate cassette player, and rear split folding seats were all standard. A parking brake handle was now located in the centre console.<ref name="CelicaXX" />
Wipers were two-speed with an intermittent wipe and a rear wiper with electric defrost was included.{{cn|date=June 2024}}
=== 1978 ===
The Supra was offered with a {{convert|125|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}} 2.0 L 12-valve SOHC inline-six engine ([[Toyota M engine#M|M-EU]], chassis code MA45) or the {{convert|82|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} 2.6-litre 12-valve [[SOHC]] inline-six engine ([[Toyota M engine#4M|4M-E]], chassis code MA46). The Japanese model was also available with the smaller 2.0 L engine, so buyers choose which yearly tax they were willing to pay according to [[Vehicle size class#Japan|vehicle size and engine displacement regulations]]. Both engines were equipped with [[electronic fuel injection]].<ref name="OSS"/><ref name="EDS">{{cite web |url=http://www4.tpgi.com.au/users/loats/technical/mhistory/mhistory.html |work=eds.au.com |title=The History of Toyota's M Engines |access-date=22 December 2006}}</ref> The installation of the larger engine did obligate Japanese buyers to pay a higher annual [[Road tax#Japan|road tax]], making owning the car more expensive than the smaller Celica.
The Supra was first exported outside Japan in January 1979.<ref name="US parts catalog 4#">{{cite book |title=Toyota Celica parts catalog USA & Canada (revised final), RA4#, MA4# |date=June 1985 |publisher=Toyota |id=49212R81}}</ref> The federalized model was originally equipped with a {{convert|110|hp|kW PS|abbr=on|0}} 2.6-litre 12-valve [[SOHC]] inline-6 engine.
===
The mid-1979 changes for the 1980 model year US model were mostly cosmetic. The interior received a redesigned centre console and a digital quartz clock. On the exterior were redesigned side view mirrors and 14x5{{frac|1|2}} inch aluminium wheels were standard (the previous year had steel wheels with plastic wheel covers as standard and the aluminium wheels were optional). In addition, body molded mudflaps became available. On cars finished in copper metallic and white, the mudflaps were painted the body colour while the mudflaps were left black on all other colours. On the rear of the mudflaps, the word "Celica" was painted in white lettering.<ref name="csMKI">{{cite web |url=http://www.celicasupra.com/historymki.htm |publisher=celicasupra.com |title=MK I Celica Supra History |access-date=22 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061207020926/http://www.celicasupra.com/historymki.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=7 December 2006}}</ref>
The official Supra site<ref name="OSS"/> also notes that there was an addition of optional leather-trimmed seating and automatic climate-control.
=== 1980 ===
[[File:Perf pack for wiki.jpg|thumb|1981 Supra with Sports Performance Package (MA47, US)]]
In August 1980 (for the 1981 model year), the Supra received an upgrade in displacement with the 2.8-litre [[Toyota M engine#5M|5M-E]] engine shared with the [[Toyota Crown (S110)|Crown (S110)]]. It was still a 12-valve SOHC engine, but had a power output of {{convert|116|hp|kW PS|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|145|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque. The car's automatic transmission was changed to the revised Toyota [[Toyota A transmission#A43D|A43D]] and it gained a revised final drive gearing. Because of the change in engine and transmission a new chassis code of MA47 was given to the 1981 model. Performance figures for this model include a 0–60 mph (97 km/h) acceleration time of 10.24 seconds and a 1/4-mile time of 17.5 seconds at a speed of {{convert|77.7|mi/h|km/h|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="mtsvs">{{cite web |url=http://www.celicasupra.com/images/MT2-82-3.jpg |work=Supra vs. Supra |title=1981 Toyota Celica Supra Road Test Data & Specifications |access-date=22 December 2006 |format=JPG |date=February 1982 |page=46 |publisher=[[Motor Trend]] |archive-date=19 December 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021219191206/http://www.celicasupra.com/images/MT2-82-3.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Also in 1980 (for the 1981 model year), a new Sports Performance Package became an option, which included sport suspension, raised white letter
=== Powertrain ===
{| class=wikitable
|-
!Code
Line 80 ⟶ 116:
|-
!MA45
|Apr 1978 – Aug 1980
|rowspan=2
|rowspan=2|{{convert|125|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}}
|rowspan=2|{{convert|136|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|rowspan=4|5-speed ''[[Toyota W transmission#W50|W50]]'' manual<br />4-speed ''[[Toyota A transmission#A40D|A40D]]'' automatic
|
|-
!MA55
|Aug 1980 – Jul 1981
|Japan
|-
|Apr 1978 – Aug 1980
|rowspan=2|{{convert|2563|cc|L cuin|1|abbr=on}} ''[[Toyota M engine#4M|4M-E]]'' I6
|rowspan=2|{{convert|140|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}}<br />{{convert|110|hp|kW PS|abbr=on|0}}
|rowspan=2|{{convert|136|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|Japan
|-
|Jan 1979 – Aug 1980
|North America
|-
!MA47
|rowspan=3|Aug 1980 – Jul 1981
|
|rowspan=3|{{convert|116|hp|kW PS|abbr=on|0}}
|rowspan=3|{{convert|145|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|rowspan=3|5-speed ''[[Toyota W transmission#W50|W50]]'' manual<br />4-speed ''[[Toyota A transmission#A43D|A43D]]'' automatic
|world
|-
!MA56
|Japan
|}
{{Clear}}
== {{anchor|A60}} Second generation (A60; 1981) ==
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Second generation
| image = 1985 Toyota Supra P-type in Super White, front right.jpg
| caption = Toyota Celica Supra (A60)
| model_code = A60
| aka = {{unbulleted list
| Toyota Celica XX (Japan)
| Toyota Celica Supra
}}
| production = July 1981 – December 1985<ref name="A60-intro">{{cite web|url=http://blog.toyota.co.uk/history-of-the-toyota-supra |title=History of the Toyota Supra |publisher=Toyota |___location=UK |date=15 September 2018 |access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref>
|model_years = 1982–1986
| assembly = Japan: [[Tahara, Aichi]] ([[Tahara plant]])<ref name="tahara"/>
| related = {{unbulleted list
| [[Toyota Carina (A60)]]
| [[Toyota Celica (A60)]]
| [[Toyota Soarer (Z10)]]
}}
| engine = {{unbulleted list
| 1988 cc ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-EU|1G-EU]]'' [[Straight-six engine|I6]]
| 1988 cc ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-GEU|1G-GEU]]'' [[DOHC]] [[Multi-valve|24v]] I6
| 1988 cc ''[[Toyota M engine#M-TE|M-TE/TEU]]'' [[Turbocharger|turbo]] I6
| 2759 cc ''[[Toyota M engine#5M|5M-E]]'' I6
| 2759 cc ''[[Toyota M engine#5M-GE|5M-GE/GEU]]'' DOHC I6
}}
| transmission = {{unbulleted list
| 5-speed ''[[Toyota W transmission#W55|W55]]'' manual
| 5-speed ''[[Toyota W transmission#W57|W57]]'' manual
| 5-speed ''[[Toyota W transmission#W58|W58]]'' manual
| 4-speed ''[[Toyota A transmission#A43DL|A43DL]]'' automatic
| 4-speed ''[[Toyota A transmission#A43DE|A43DE]]'' automatic
}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|2614|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|4661|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{unbulleted list
| {{convert|1695|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|1720|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (flares)
}}
| height = {{convert|1321|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|1361|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
}}
In mid-1981, Toyota completely redesigned the Celica Supra as well as the entire Celica lineup for the 1982 model year. In Japan, the Celica XX name continued, and the Celica Supra name continued internationally. Still based on the Celica platform, there were several key differences, most notably the design of the front end and fully retractable pop-up headlights. Other differences were the inline-six rather than four-cylinder engine, as well as an increase in length and wheelbase to accommodate the larger engine. In the home market, cars fitted with the [[Toyota M engine#5M|5M]] engine were slightly wider, while the 2-litre models remained compliant with the [[Vehicle size class#Japan|Japanese width regulations]], staying under {{cvt|1700|mm|in|1}}. The front suspension used Macpherson struts while the rear used a semi-trailing link design with an attachment at the rear differential.<ref name="CelicaXX" />
The Celica XX introduced the world's first navigation computer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/products_technology/technology_development/electronics_parts/index.html |title=Technical Development Electronics Parts |publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation |year=2012 |access-date=14 January 2015}}</ref>
In Feb. 1981, Japanese buyers were offered an alternative to the Celica XX liftback bodystyle, called the [[Toyota Soarer|Soarer]] coupé, which was now offered at two Japanese Toyota dealership networks called ''[[Toyota Store]]'', and ''Toyopet Store'', as the Celica XX was sold at the ''Toyota Corolla Store''. The four-door performance saloon called the Celica Camry was realigned with the Japanese market [[Toyota Carina|Carina]], and the [[Toyota Chaser (X60)|Chaser]] performance sedan shared the Celica XX straight six, while in North America the [[Toyota Cressida|Cressida]] took on that role.
=== L-type and P-type ===
In the North American market, the Celica Supra was available in two distinct models. There was the "Performance Type" (P-type) and the "Luxury Type" (L-type). While being mechanically identical, they were differentiated by the available options; tyre size, wheel size, and body trim. The P-type had fibreglass fender flares over the wheel wells, while the L-type did not. The P-type was also standard with the more sporty eight-way adjustable seats. The P-type did not get the option of a leather interior until 1983. Initially, the Luxury type meant Automatic transmission, and Performance Type stood for Manual. All editions of the P-type had the same 14x7-inch aluminium alloy wheels and throughout the years the L-type had 14x5.5-inch wheels until 1985 when they were changed to a P-type styled 15x6. The L-type also had the option of a digital instrument cluster with a [[trip computer]]; some Canadian models (both L-types and P-types) had this option as well as a few rare instances of American models. The L-type cluster was easily distinguished from the P-type cluster, by the 'ECT' function written on the dial plate. The digital cluster featured a digital tachometer, digital speedometer, and electronic fuel level and coolant level gauges. The trip computer could calculate and display various things such as [[Fuel economy in automobiles|fuel economy]] in miles-per-gallon, [[estimated time of arrival]] (ETA), and distance remaining to destination. Supras with trip computers also came with cruise control. Excluding the 1982 model, all P-types were available with headlight washers as an option, but the L-types were never given such an option. Although gear ratios changed throughout the years, all P-types came standard with a [[limited-slip differential]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Toyotoa |url=http://archive.org/details/toyota-celica-supra-brochure-1982 |title=Toyota Celica Supra (A60) Brochure (1982) |date=1982}}</ref>
=== 1981 ===
[[File:Toyota Supra outside pub 1982.jpg|thumb|left|1982 Toyota Supra 2.8i L-Type (MA61)]]
In 1981, for the 1982 model year, in the North American market, the Celica Supra's engine was the 2.8-litre 12-valve (two valves per cylinder) [[DOHC]] [[Toyota M engine#5M-GE|5M-GE]]. Power output was {{convert|145|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} SAE net and {{convert|155|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque. The engine used an 8.8:1 compression ratio to achieve the power and featured a vacuum advanced distributor. When the car debuted, it had a {{Cd|long=yes|link=car|0.348}}, a {{convert|0-60|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}} acceleration time of 9.8 seconds and a {{convert|1/4|mile|m|round=25|abbr=out}} time of 17.2-seconds at {{convert|80|mi/h|km/h|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="cd1081">{{cite web |url=http://www.sfmodelaclub.org/user/Car%20and%20Driver%20Oct%2081.pdf |work=Toyota Celica Supra |title=1982 Toyota Celica Specifications |access-date=22 December 2006 |date=October 1981 |page=42 |publisher=[[Car and Driver]] |archive-date=26 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426002557/http://www.sfmodelaclub.org/user/Car%20and%20Driver%20Oct%2081.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The standard transmission for this year was the [[Toyota W Transmission#W58|W58]] 5-speed manual with the [[Toyota A transmission#A43DL|A43DL]] 4-speed automatic transmission being an option for L-types. Both transmissions featured an [[Overdrive (mechanics)|overdrive]] gear and the automatic featured a locking torque converter. The top gear in the 5-speed was its overdrive whereas the automatic transmission featured an overdrive gear that would engage at speeds over {{convert|35|mi/h|km/h|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}. The 1982 model's rear differential featured a 3.72:1 ratio. The Celica Supra's four-wheel [[independent suspension]] was specially tuned and designed by [[Lotus (car)|Lotus]] and featured variable assisted power [[rack-and-pinion steering]] and [[MacPherson strut]]s up front. At the rear, it had [[Trailing arm|semi-trailing arm suspension]] with coil springs and a stabilizer bar. Braking on the Celica Supra was handled by four-wheel [[disc brakes]].
On the interior, this generation had standard power windows, power door locks, and power mirrors as well as a tilt steering wheel. The power door lock was located in the centre console next to the power mirror control. The analog dash of this model only showed a top speed of {{convert|88|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}} in North America. The optional automatic climate control was renovated and was now seen as a standard feature on the A60. Cruise control and a retractable map light was standard in this generation. Some options included the addition of a sunroof, two-tone paint schemes, and a five-speaker AM/FM/MPX tuner with a cassette player (Fujitsu Ten Limited). The optional cassette stereo had a 105-watt power amplifier and a seven-band graphic equalizer. The standard stereo was a five-channel AM/FM/MPX tuner. Leather interior was an option on the L-type model, but the P-type models limited to standard striped cloth interior.
The AM/FM antenna was integrated into the front windshield rather than a typical external mast antenna. There was a key lock on the gas tank door (in lieu of a remote release) and the hatch and rear bumper were black regardless of exterior colour on the rest of the car. The P-type was available with an optional rear window visor above the hatch glass. The tail lights had a reverse light in the centre and the door handles opened the doors by pulling sideways. The front nose badge and B-pillar only read "Supra" for the first several months of production, but were changed to read "Celica Supra" midway through the model year. The L-type had front and rear mudflaps but P-type of this year did not.
=== 1982 ===
In 1982, for the 1983 model year, there were not many changes but there was an increase in power output to {{convert|150|hp|kW PS|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|159|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque from the same ''[[Toyota M engine#5M-GE|5M-GE]]'' engine. The only real change in the engine area was the switch from a vacuum advanced to an electronic advanced distributor, yet that did not increase the power output. Toyota switched to a 4.10:1 rear gear ratio for the P-type and a 3.73:1 for the L-type. As for the optional automatic transmission, they replaced the [[Toyota A transmission#A43DL|A43DL]] 4-speed with a newly designed [[Toyota A transmission#A43DE|A43DE]] 4-speed. It had an electronic controller that would adjust its shift pattern for a balance between performance and economy. It was the first in the industry to provide an electronically controlled transmission (ECT). This allowed the driver to choose either the "power" driving mode or "normal" driving mode at the touch of the button. The power mode provided the quickest acceleration and the normal mode provided the best all-around performance.
The interior virtually had no changes, but changes to the exterior included a switch to a power mast antenna, mudflaps on all models, and the addition of headlight washers on the P-type. All B-pillar and nose badges for cars sold in North America read "Celica Supra" and only the P-type was available in two-tone colour schemes.
=== 1983 ===
[[File:1984 Toyota Supra P-type, front right at Lime Rock.jpg|thumb|1984 Toyota Supra 2.8 P-Type (MA67)]]
In 1983, for the 1984 model year, the changes were significant. Power output was increased on the 5-speed models to {{convert|160|hp|kW PS|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|163|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque. The increase was achieved by a mixture of a redesigned intake manifold with D-shaped intake runners and an increase in compression ratio to: 9.2:1.<ref name="supfaq"/> Another notable change in the 5-speed models was the switch to a 4.30:1 gear ratio in the rear differential. All automatic models retained the previous years power statistics, but the rear gear ratio was changed to 4.10:1.
The most notable exterior changes included the switch to wraparound front turn signals, the option of either a rear wing spoiler mounted high up on the rear hatch, or rear window and quarter window louvers. Also, the tail-lights were redesigned and the hatch received a billboard "Supra" sticker instead of the smaller sticker, which was previously positioned on the right. The rear hatch and bumper was changed and received the same colour as the rest of the car (instead of the black of previous years). The door handles were also switched, opening by pulling up instead of sideways. Two-tone paint schemes also became available on both the P-type and L-type models.
Some interior controls such as the steering wheel, cruise control, and door lock switch were redesigned. Toyota included a {{convert|130|mi/h|km/h|0|abbr=on}} speedometer in North American models instead of the traditional 85 mph (140 km/h) speedometer and the automatic climate control display was also changed. The previous year's cassette and equalizer stereo option was now made a standard feature.
=== 1985–1986 ===
[[File:1986 Toyota Supra (MA67, US), rear right.jpg|thumb|left|1986 Toyota Supra 2.8 with the third brake light (MA67)]]
The Supra was redesigned again in 1985. Power output was marginally increased to {{convert|161|hp|kW PS|abbr=on|0}} and torque was up to {{convert|169|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}. All models of this year had the same amount of power (both automatic models and 5-speed models). The engine received a redesigned [[throttle position sensor]] (TPS) as well as a new [[exhaust gas recirculation|EGR]] system and knock sensor. With the slight increase in power the Supra was able to propel itself from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) in 8.4 seconds and netted a 16.1 second quarter-mile at {{convert|85|mi/h|km/h|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="cd85">{{cite web |url=http://www.celicasupra.com/images/CD5-85-7.jpg |work=Having it All |title=Car and Driver test results |access-date=22 December 2006 |format=JPG |date=May 1985 |page=74 |publisher=[[Car and Driver]] |archive-date=19 December 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021219043141/http://www.celicasupra.com/images/CD5-85-7.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Other changes would be a redesigned, more integrated sunshade and spoiler on the rear hatch. The rear spoiler was changed from a one-piece to a two-piece. The option of a leather interior remained exclusive now for the P-Type. Toyota added a standard factory theft deterrent system and the outside mirrors were equipped with a defogger that activated with the rear defroster. All Supras this year received automatic-off lights that also encompassed an automatic illuminated entry and fade-out system.
While 1985 was to be the last year of production of the second generation model, delays in production of the third generation model led to a surplus of second generation models. During the first half of 1986 the 1985 P-type was still offered for sale, with only minor cosmetic changes as well as the addition of a now mandatory rear-mounted third brake light on the hatch. These were all labelled officially as 1986 models. The P-type were the only model available for the 1986 model year. Production for the A60 Supra ended in December 1985 in order to make way for the upcoming A70 Supra.
=== Markets ===
[[File:Toyota-CelicaXX2800GT.JPG|thumb|1982-1983 Toyota Celica XX 2800GT (MA61)]]
[[File:1983-1986 Toyota Celica XX 2000GT.jpg|thumb|1983–1986 Toyota Celica XX 2000GT Twin Cam 24 (GA61)]]
The second generation of the Supra came in a variety of options around the world as well as only being offered during select years.
==== Japan ====
From August 1982 to 1983, the Celica XX, as it was named in Japan, had [[Wing mirror|fender mirrors]] and came in four models depending on the engine:<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://global.toyota/en/detail/7732349|title=TOYOTA announces new Celica XX with high performance twin cam, 24-valve engine|date=17 August 1982|publisher=Toyota Motor Corp.}}</ref><ref name="CelicaXX" />
* 2800GT Twin Cam: {{convert|2759|cc|L cuin||abbr=on}} DOHC ''[[Toyota M engine#5M-GE|5M-GEU]]'' {{convert|160|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|150|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque.
* 2000GT Twin Cam 24: {{convert|1988|cc|L cuin||abbr=on}} DOHC ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-GEU|1G-GEU]]'' {{convert|160|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|134|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque.
* 2000 Turbo: {{convert|1988|cc|L cuin||abbr=on}} SOHC turbocharged ''[[Toyota M engine#M-TEU|M-TEU]]'' {{convert|145|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|21.5|kgm|Nm lbft|abbr=on}} of torque.
* 2000: {{convert|1988|cc|L cuin||abbr=on}} SOHC ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-EU|1G-EU]]'' {{convert|125|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|17.5|kgm|Nm lbft|abbr=on}} of torque.
From August 1983 to 1986, the Celica XX had door-mounted mirrors and the same four engines options but with performance improvements. The 5M-GEU engine compression ratio was increased to achieve {{convert|175|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|177|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque and the M-TEU engine upgraded with an air-to-liquid [[intercooler]] to {{convert|160|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|23.5|kgm|Nm lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://global.toyota/en/detail/7786619|title=TOYOTA introduces new Celica modified for higher performance|date=17 August 1983|publisher=Toyota Motor Corp}}</ref><ref name="CelicaXX" />
==== Most of Europe ====
* Sold from August 1982 to 1986.<ref name="A60-intro"/>
** 82–83: {{convert|2759|cc|L cuin||abbr=on}} DOHC ''[[Toyota M engine#5M-GE|5M-GE]]'' {{convert|130|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|207|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque. Analog instrument cluster, no fender flares.
** 84–86: {{convert|2759|cc|L cuin||abbr=on}} DOHC ''[[Toyota M engine#5M-GE|5M-GE]]'' {{convert|170|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|212|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque. Digital dash, P-Type fender flares.
==== Great Britain ====
* Sold from 1982 to 1986.
** 82–83: {{convert|2759|cc|L cuin||abbr=on}} DOHC ''[[Toyota M engine#5M-GE|5M-GE]]'' {{convert|178|hp|kW PS|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|212|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque. Analog dash, no fender flares.
** 84–86: {{convert|2759|cc|L cuin||abbr=on}} DOHC ''[[Toyota M engine#5M-GE|5M-GE]]'' {{convert|178|hp|kW PS|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|212|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque. Digital dash, P-Type fender flares.
==== Australia, Sweden, and Switzerland ====
* Sold from 1984 to 1986 - these had a version of the earlier single-cam engine as it was not worth the expense of making the twin cam engine meet the particular emissions regulations shared by these three countries. This particular engine was also used in the Cressida and the Crown in the Swiss market.
** {{convert|2759|cc|L cuin||abbr=on}} SOHC [[Toyota M engine#5M|''5M-E'']] {{convert|140|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|167|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque.
** The Supra in Australia was sold from 1983 to 1986 had a digital instrument cluster, fender flares, 14x7-inch wheels, 84 style lights, single piece spoiler, LSD and optional sunroof. This was the only variant and no L Type model was offered.
* In Australia, the Supra (manufactured between 1982 and 1990), was assessed in the Used Car Safety Ratings in 2006 as providing "worse than average" protection for its occupants in the event of a crash.
==== New Zealand ====
* Sold from 1984 to 1985
** {{convert|2759|cc|L cuin||abbr=on}} DOHC ''[[Toyota M engine#5M-GE|5M-GE]]'' {{convert|133|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|212|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque. Digital dash, P-Type fender flares.
=== Powertrain ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Code
Line 200 ⟶ 285:
|-
!rowspan=5|MA61
|rowspan=2|
|
|rowspan="2" | {{convert|170|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|207|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|5-speed ''[[Toyota W Transmission#
|
|-
|
|{{convert|24.0|kgm|Nm lbft|abbr=on}}
|5-speed ''[[Toyota W transmission#W58|W58]]'' [[Manual transmission|manual]]
|Japan<ref name=Catvol28>{{citation | ref = JAMA28 | title = 自動車ガイドブック | trans-title = Japanese Motor Vehicles Guide Book 1981-82 | language = ja | volume = 28 | date = 30 October 1981 | publisher = [[Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association]] | ___location = Japan | page = 130 | id = 053-810028-3400 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=3|
|
|{{convert|104|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|167|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|rowspan=2|5-speed ''[[Toyota W Transmission#W57|W57]]'' or ''[[Toyota W transmission#W58|W58]]'' manual<br />4-
|
|-
|
|{{convert|180|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|170|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|
|-
|
|{{convert|175|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|177|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|5-speed ''[[Toyota W transmission#W58|W58]]'' manual
|Japan
|-
!rowspan=2|MA63
|1982
|
|{{convert|145|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|156|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|rowspan=2|4-
|rowspan=2|
|-
|1983–1985
|{{convert|1988|cc|L cuin|1|abbr=on}} [[Toyota M engine#M-TEU|M-TEU]] turbocharged I6
|{{convert|160|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|170|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|-
!rowspan=5|MA67
|1982
|
|{{convert|145|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|155|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|5-speed ''[[Toyota W transmission#W58|W58]]'' manual<br />4-
|rowspan=5|
|-
|1983
|
|{{convert|150|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|159|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|5-speed ''[[Toyota W transmission#W58|W58]]'' manual<br />4-
|-
|rowspan=2|1984
|
|{{convert|160|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|163|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|5-speed ''[[Toyota W transmission#W58|W58]]'' manual
|-
|
|{{convert|150|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|159|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|4-
|-
|1985-1986
|
|{{convert|161|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|169|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|5-speed ''[[Toyota W transmission#W58|W58]]'' manual<br />4-
|-
!rowspan=2|GA61
|1982–1985
|
|{{convert|125|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=Catvol28/>
|{{convert|24.0|kgm|lbft Nm|abbr=on|order=flip}}
|5-speed
|rowspan=2|
|-
|1982–1985
|
|{{convert|160|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|134|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|5-speed
|}
{{clear}}
== {{
<!-- Note: A70 in the section title covers the MA70, GA70, JZA70. It is not a section on just the MA70 -->
<!-- Note: Wikipedia uses internationally understood calendar years in section titles. Model years are only understood by Americans -->
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Third generation
| image = 1986 Toyota Supra (MA70) liftback (2015-07-14) 01.jpg
| caption = 1986 Toyota Supra 3.0I (MA70)
| model_code = A70
| production = February 1986<ref name="A60-intro" /> – April 1993
| assembly = Japan: [[Tahara, Aichi]] ([[Tahara plant]]; February 1986 – December 1992)<ref name="tahara"/>
| model_years = 1986–1993
| related = [[Toyota Soarer (Z20)]]
| engine = {{unbulleted list
| 1988 cc ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-EU|1G-EU]]'' [[Straight-six engine|I6]]
| 1988 cc ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-FE|1G-FE]]'' I6
| 1988 cc ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-GEU|1G-GEU]]'' [[DOHC]] I6
| 1988 cc ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-GTE|1G-GTE]]'' DOHC [[Turbocharger|twin-turbo]] I6
| 2491 cc ''[[Toyota JZ engine#1JZ-GTE|1JZ-GTE]]'' DOHC [[twin-turbo]] I6
| 2954 cc ''[[Toyota M engine#7M-GE|7M-GE]]'' DOHC I6
| 2954 cc ''[[Toyota M engine#7M-GTE|7M-GTE]]'' DOHC turbo I6
}}
| transmission = {{unbulleted list
| 5-speed ''[[Toyota W transmission#W58|W58]]'' manual
| 5-speed ''[[Toyota R transmission#R154|R154]]'' manual
| 4-speed ''[[Toyota A transmission#A340E|A340E]]'' automatic
}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|2596|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|4620|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{unbulleted list
| {{convert|1690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|1760|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (3.0 L)
}}
| height = {{unbulleted list
| {{convert|1310|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (1986–1988)
| {{convert|1300|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (1989–1993)
}}
| weight = {{unbulleted list
| {{convert|1460|–|1640|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} (manual)
| {{convert|1580|–|1720|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} (automatic)
}}
}}
In February 1986, the bonds between the Celica and the Supra were cut; they were now two completely different models. The Celica changed to a front-wheel drive layout, using the [[List of Toyota platforms|Toyota "T" platform]] associated with the [[Toyota Corona|Corona]], while the Supra kept its rear-wheel-drive layout. The engine was updated to a more powerful {{convert|2954|cc|L|1|abbr=on}} [[inline-six engine]] rated at {{convert|149|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}}. Although initially only available with [[naturally aspirated engine]]s, a turbocharged version was added in the 1987 model year. The Supra continued its relationship with the [[Toyota Soarer (Z20)|Soarer]].
All Japanese market models with the various versions of the 2.0 L engine were slightly narrower overall so as to be in compliance with Japanese Government [[Vehicle size class#Japan|dimension regulations]] so that Japanese buyers weren't liable for yearly taxes for driving a larger car.
[[File:1986 Toyota Supra (MA70) liftback (2015-07-14) 02.jpg|thumb|left|1986 Supra (MA70; rear view)]]
The new engine used in the A70 Supra, the [[Toyota M engine#7M-GE|Toyota 7M-GE]], was Toyota's flagship engine until the release of the A80 Supra. Both versions of the engine contained 4 valves per cylinder and dual overhead cams. The [[turbocharged]] [[Toyota M engine#7M-GTE|7M-GTE]] engine was Toyota's first distributor-less engine offered in the US which used coil packs sitting on the cam covers and a cam position sensor driven by the exhaust camshaft.<ref name="mk3man">{{cite web |url=http://www.importworkshop.com/files/manuals/toyota/MK3_1990_Toyota_Supra.pdf |work=Toyota A70 Supra: Factory Service Manual |title=FSM |access-date=11 January 2008 |year=1990}}</ref> It was equipped with a CT26 turbocharger and was rated at {{convert|172|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} at 5,600 rpm while the naturally aspirated [[Toyota M engine#7M-GE|7M-GE]] engine was rated at {{convert|149|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} at 6,000 rpm. Further refinement on the turbo model increased power to {{convert|173|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} at 5,600 rpm and {{convert|254|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 3,200 rpm in 1989. This was mostly due to a redesign of the wastegate. All models used the same tyre size of 225/50R16 on 16x7 inch wheels. Spare tyres were full-sized but on steel wheels.
The naturally aspirated model came standard with the [[Toyota W transmission#W58|W58]] manual transmission. The turbocharged models included the [[Toyota R transmission#R154|R154]] manual transmission. Both were available with the optional 4-speed [[Toyota A transmission#A340E|A340E]] automatic transmission.
{{anchor|TEMS|Toyota Electronically Modulated Suspension}}
The third-generation Supra showcased a wide range of new technology. In 1986, options available for the Supra included a 3-channel [[antilock braking system|ABS]] and [[Toyota TEMS|TEMS]] which gave the driver two settings that affected the damper rates; a third was automatically activated at [[wide open throttle]], hard braking, and high speed maneuvering.
ACIS ([[Acoustic Control Induction System]]), a method of controlling air compression pulses inside the intake piping to increase power, was also a part of the [[Toyota M engine#7M-GE|7M-GE]]'s technological arsenal. All models were fitted with double [[wishbone suspension]] front and rear. A targa top was offered in all model years along with a metal power sliding sunroof (added in 1991).
Production numbers of the GA70/MA70/JZA70 Supra was estimated at 241,471 units.
=== 1986 1/2 ===
The third-generation Supra was introduced in February 1986 as a stand-alone model, officially being separate from the Celica. Whereas the Celica became a front-wheel-drive sport coupe, the Supra retained its image as a rear-wheel-drive sports/GT car. The new Supra would continue to move upscale and become a showcase for Toyota's technology. The Supra was powered by a 3.0-litre DOHC inline six-cylinder engine rated at {{convert|149|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}}. Notable features included an electronically controlled independent suspension (called the Toyota Electronic Modulated Suspension – TEMS), and some came with a removable Sport-Roof panel (Targa top).
===
The A70 Supra Turbo was introduced in 1987. The intercooled, turbocharged version of the 3.0-litre inline 6-cylinder engine boosted power to {{convert|172|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} and {{Convert|240|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque. The engine, designated as 7M-GTE, was one of the first distributor-less mass production engines in the United States. This was accomplished with 3 coils being shared using the [[wasted spark]] system. The Turbo model also included an engine oil cooler and an integrated rear spoiler. The sports package, which was standard on the Turbo and optional on the base model, included a limited-slip differential (LSD), TEMS, and headlamp washers. A new 4-channel anti-lock braking system (ABS) was optional on both models. In 1987, a new beige/tan colour combination was implemented, and only 1,000 cars were produced with this scheme. Toyota installed its variable induction technology into the DOHC twin-turbocharged 1G-GTE engine called [[T-VIS]] and also included it into the 7M-GTE engine as well.
=== 1988 ===
Changes for the 1988 model year were nominal with the exception of the discontinuation of two-toned brown exterior paint. The spoiler-mounted brake light changed from a square to a trapezoid shape. Seat pattern was changed from squares to lines, and "foil" on climate control and switch gear changed from light to dark gray. Japanese buyers could select from six different trim packages starting with the top level 3.0 GT Turbo Limited with the [[Toyota M engine#7M-GTE|7M-GTEU]] engine, followed by the 3.0 GT Turbo, GT Twin Turbo with the 1G-GTEU DOHC 2.0 L engine, the GT with the 2.0 L DOHC [[Toyota G engine#1G-GEU|1G-GEU]] engine, the G with the [[Toyota G engine#1G-EU|1G-EU]] engine and the S with the [[Toyota G engine#1G-EU|1G-EU]] engine as the base model. All Japanese models came with either a 5-speed manual transmission or the 4-speed automatic transmission with ECT-s except the G and the S on which the ECT-s wasn't available. In Japan, the 3.0 GT Turbo Limited, the 3.0 GT Turbo and the GT Twin Turbo were installed standard with a digital instrument panel, the 3.0 L models came with an AM/FM Cassette stereo with an integrated CD player and cruise control. Climate control was also standard on all turbocharged models, and leather interior was only available on the GT Turbo Limited.
=== 1989 ===
Changes for the 1989 model year include modifications to the wastegate actuator, feed ___location and engine management increased power output by {{convert|1.5|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}} on the turbo model. The engine mount and brace were also revised in late 1989. The changes made to the cross member and mounts made to accommodate the (1JZ engine) for Japanese models. The protective body molding was also changed by taking away the steel reinforcement. This made the molding lighter and prevented the rusting problem found on the previous year models. The "white package" was introduced as well, featuring white body molding and white "saw blade" wheels. Interior choices were limited to blue and burgundy only. Other than pure cosmetics changes, there was nothing different from other models. All models received rear 3-point seat belts to replace the previous years' two-point lap belts. New tail lights, front bumper with integrated lower grille (as opposed to the previous years' detachable grille), side mirrors, turn signals, upper grilles, foglights, steering wheel, door panels, climate control, window switches and bezels, and stereo are added. Addition of coat hooks on B-pillar and removal of rear seat pockets round out interior changes. Turbo models received three piece spoiler with an integrated [[Light-emitting diode|LED]] brake light. 1989 also marked the end of headlight washers in the US and SuperMonitor; an advanced system offered by Toyota able to calculate miles able to be traveled on current tank, ability to check vehicle codes from inside the cabin, among other features.
=== 1990 ===
For the 1990 model year, changes included larger protective laminate in front of rear wheels, lower redline (owing to the heavier crank with cylinders 2 & 5 counterbalanced), redesigned steering wheel with cruise control relocated to a stalk on the right side (US only). In addition to a driver-side [[airbag]] and airbag indicator light on dashboard (US only), the left side of the switch panel was also redesigned, which replaced one of the coin slots with the dimmer. The lower dashboard panel became a two-piece design, which was also much heavier than the previous one-piece panel owing to a change in material. Finally, the memory lever on the steering column was removed. In short, a plethora of the changes for the 1989 and 1990 were to the interior.
=== 1991 ===
[[File:Toyota Supra -- 09-12-2010.jpg|thumb|right|1991–1992 Toyota Supra 3.0i (MA70)]]
[[File:Toyota Supra rear 20071102.jpg|thumb|right|1991–1992 Toyota Supra 3.0i turbo (MA70; rear view)]]
For the 1991 model year, the wheel design was changed to 5-spoke wheels. Both models had 16x7-inch aluminium alloy wheels that were fitted with 225/50/16 tyres and full-sized spares on steel wheels. Body molding changed in colour to better match the exterior. The front "Supra" emblem was also changed to the current corporate oval Toyota symbol was used from this model year onwards. The speedometer was also revised, and included more lines that were removed in 1989, but still did not have as many (one line per mph) as 1986.5 to 1988 models. New interior colours, namely shadow gray and deep red, were introduced, which marked the end of medium gray, tan and burgundy. Blue interior became only available on white packages, and those with blue paint. Burgundy was replaced with white package-only deep red. Every other body colour received a shadow gray interior, with leather interiors retaining medium gray seats and interior inserts. Front speakers were changed from 3.5 inch to 6.5 inches and the speaker cover was also enlarged to accommodate them. Beginning in 1991, Toyota began to offer a factory spoiler-style panel sunroof. These sunroofs are now highly sought after and rare since they were introduced in the ending production years of the A70 Supra.
=== 1992 ===
[[File:Grey 92.jpg|thumb|1992 Toyota Supra with sunroof (MA70)|alt=]]
For the 1992 model year, the leather shadow gray interiors received black seats and inserts. Non-turbo models lost the option of a targa top, and a new optional subwoofer was available. Subwoofer-equipped Supras did without the rear bins and wooden "floorboard". Instead, rear carpet was molded to the spare tyre, and there was a cut-out for the woofer housing.
=== JZA70 and GA70 ===
The Japanese models of the Supra were given the chassis codes JZA70 and GA70 respectively. The JZA70 has a 2.5-litre {{convert|206|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} parallel twin-turbocharged [[Toyota JZ engine#1JZ-GTTE|1JZ-GTE]] engine, and the GA70 has a 2.0-litre {{convert|154|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} twin-turbocharged [[Toyota G engine#1G-GTE|1G-GTE]] and a naturally aspirated [[Toyota G engine#1G-GEU|1G-GEU]] engines respectively.
==== JZA70-R ====
In addition to the introduction of the JZA70 in 1990, Toyota introduced a special version of the JZA70 with the 1JZ-GTE engine known as the 2.5 Twin Turbo R model (JZA70-R). It boasted additional upgrades, including lighter sway bars, a larger intercooler, [[Torsen]] differential, Interbred TEIN/[[Bilstein Shock Absorbers|Bilstein]] sports suspension, Shadow/Dark grey interior trim, [[Momo (company)|MOMO]] steering wheel and gear knob and [[Recaro]] seats and door trim. The wheels were painted charcoal grey, and the front bumper lip featured channeled air ducts for the front brakes. The Twin Turbo R introduced a new and exclusive colour option in 1992 for the JZA70-R model known as Jade Mica Green. (Note: this colour was also available in Europe) The JZA70-R model is the lightest and fastest model of third generation of the Supra.
=== Turbo A ===
The Turbo-A was Toyota's evolution model for the Group A touring car series that required a minimum [[Homologation (motorsport)|homologation]] run of 500 units. The Turbo-A was manufactured for 2 months during the period of September and October 1988 and was available strictly in Japan. Thus the term 88 Spec A. Some notable differences between the standard MA70 Supra 3.0 GT and the Turbo-A model are both cosmetic and mechanical;
* The standard CT-26 turbo had a slightly larger inducer and can be identified by a stamped "E" on the raised casting on the compressor housing.
* The Turbo-A had a {{convert|65|mm|in|abbr=on}} wide throttle body and accompanied a larger diameter "blank" crossover pipe, instead of the standard [[Toyota M engine#7M-GTE|7M-GTE]] {{convert|60|mm|in|abbr=on}} throttle body and original "3000" cast pipe.
* The Turbo-A also benefited from a larger volume steel air cleaner instead of the factory plastic unit
* Thicker roll bars front and rear
* Ventilated brake discs all-round
* The fuel management used a MAP system, instead of the standard Karmen Vortex AFM.
* The front nose features an additional "Turbo A duct" to add airflow to the top area of the intercooler.
* Also unique was the side decal and rear badging ("3.0GT Turbo A") and a black paint job (paint code 202).
All cars came standard with grey leather interior featuring a [[Momo (company)|MOMO]]-sourced steering wheel and shift knob. It is powered by a {{convert|204|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} Toyota [[Toyota M engine#7M-GTE|7M-GTEU]] engine. It is important to note that the [[Toyota M engine#7M-GTE|7M-GTEU]] was standard in all Japanese MA70 models and is not unique to the Turbo-A. The "U" designation meant the engine came equipped with a catalytic converter as per Japan emission laws.
[[File:Toyota Supra Smith & Morgan (16332526755).jpg|thumb|Toyota Supra MA70 Group-A in 1991 at Bathurst]]
The Group-A MA70 Supra had varying degrees of success in various fields such as Rally and 24HR, but is most known for its participation in the [[Japanese Touring Car Championship]] (JTCC). In the JTCC the Supra did not win as many races as intended, which is primarily judged on the fact it was underdeveloped and its placement in a higher tier division under regulations because of the 3.0-litre engine displacement, imposing the Toyota with the performance inhibition of running with a higher curb weight and less power compared to the rest of its class.{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}} Both the [[TOM'S]] and [[SARD]] teams fared well in results in the (JTCC) with the [[TOM'S]] team winning on its debut in 1987, before abruptly ending their (JTCC) career with the MA70 Group-A in 1989.
Upon its initial [[Australian Touring Car Championship]] (ATCC) debut in 1989, the Group-A Supra failed to finish its first race. With DNF's becoming a regular upset owing to the lack of power and heavy weight of the Supra, it began to strike doubt in the car's capability of success in the (ATCC) which suffered increasingly due to constant rules and regulation changes issuing a red-faced outcome against its main rivals like the [[Ford Sierra Cosworth|Ford Sierra Cosworth RS500]], Nissan Skyline HR31 GTS-R and the [[BMW M3#E30 M3|BMW M3 (E30)]] which were lighter, more powerful and had more development behind them. Hopes would further diminish for Toyota in the top division by the introduction of the domineering [[Nissan Skyline GT-R#R32|Nissan Skyline GT-R (R32)]] in the (JTCC) in 1989 and the [[Australian Touring Car Championship]] (ATCC) in 1990. Australian racing team Fitzgerald Racing won the first edition of the March 1991 [[Bathurst 12 Hour]]. Toyota in 1991 would switch to racing the Corolla Levin instead in the lower tier divisions, while many privateer teams soldiered on with the Supra until the Group A racing's final demise in 1993.
Only eleven MA70 Group-A cars were built by [[Toyota Racing Development|TRD]] Japan for homologation racing. A few out of many special developed parts that were fitted to the various Group-A race cars happen to include a cast magnesium nine litre oil pan with matching high flow oil pump, 288 camshafts with 10.88mm lift, Hollinger close proportion 5-speed gear-set in the R154 case, Harrop 4 piston brake calipers with 15.5-inch (393 mm) rotors, and TRD-sourced torque-vectoring mechanical limited-slip differential with 50:50 left:right lockup on full throttle. TRD was also responsible for the thick rear-anti squat tram-rods which were integral to the multi-link rear suspension setup to control rear squat under hard acceleration and launching.
=== Powertrain ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Code
Line 349 ⟶ 502:
|-
!rowspan=2|MA70
|rowspan=2|February 1986
|
|{{convert|149|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}}
|{{convert|196|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|5-speed [[Toyota W
|
|-
|
|{{convert|173|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}}
|{{convert|254|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=16093 |work=carfolio |title=1988 Toyota Turbo specifications |date=3 March 2013 |access-date=15 June 2018}}</ref>
|5-speed [[Toyota R transmission#R154|R154]] manual<br />4-speed [[Toyota A transmission#A340E|A340E]] automatic
|
|-
!rowspan=2|GA70
|rowspan=2|February 1986 – 1992
|{{convert|1988|cc|L cuin|1|abbr=on}} [[Toyota G engine#1G-GEU|1G-GEU]] I6
|{{convert|160|PS|kW hp PS|abbr=on|0|order=out}}
|{{convert|130|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|5-speed
|Japan
|-
|{{convert|1988|cc|L cuin|1|abbr=on}} [[Toyota G engine#1G-GTE|1G-GTE]] [[twin-turbo#Parallel twin-turbo|twin-turbocharged]] I6
|{{convert|210|PS|kW hp PS|abbr=on|0|order=out}}
|{{convert|180|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|5-speed [[Toyota W transmission#W58|W58]] manual<br />4-speed [[Toyota A transmission#A340E|A340E]] automatic
|Japan
|-
!JZA70
|1990–1993
|
|{{convert|280|PS|kW hp PS|abbr=on|0|order=out}}
|{{convert|268|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|5-speed [[Toyota R transmission#R154|R154]] manual<br />4-speed
|Japan
|}
{{clear}}
== {{anchor|A80}} Fourth generation (A80; 1993) ==
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Fourth generation
| image = 1994 Toyota Supra Sport Roof in Red, front left.jpg
| caption = Pre-facelift Toyota Supra A80
|
| production = May 1993<ref name="motomachi"/> – August 2002<ref name="supra2nd">{{cite web |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/vehicle_lineage/car/id60006850/index.html |title=75 Years of Toyota {{!}} Toyota Supra (A80) |year=2012 |access-date=20 November 2020}}</ref>
| model_years = 1994–1998<!-- model years are North America-specific and the Supra was discontinued there in 1998, as agreed by the automobile project --> (North America)
| assembly = {{unbulleted list
|Japan: [[Toyota, Aichi|Toyota City, Aichi]] ([[Motomachi plant]]; May 1993 – April 1997);<ref name="motomachi">{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/production/production/japan/general_status/motomachi.html |title=75 Years of Toyota {{!}} General Status of Plants in Japan {{!}} Motomachi Plant |year=2012 |access-date=21 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="mt93">{{cite journal |url=http://mkiv.com/publications/motor_trend/3_93/MotorTrend-Mar-93-4.jpg |title=Toyota Supra Turbo: Leaner and Meaner – Tech Data |access-date=27 April 2013 |format=JPG |year=1993 |issue=March |page=57 |journal=[[Motor Trend]] |archive-date=28 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228192151/http://mkiv.com/publications/motor_trend/3_93/MotorTrend-Mar-93-4.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|[[Susono, Shizuoka]] ([[Higashi Fuji plant]]; May 1997 – April 2002)<ref name="ToyotaMotorEastJapan">{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/production/production/japan/general_status/toyota_motor_east_japan.html |title=75 Years of Toyota {{!}} General Status of Plants in Japan {{!}} Affiliates (Toyota wholly-owned subsidiaries)-Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. |year=2012 |access-date=21 July 2019}}</ref>
}}
| designer = Isao Tsuzuki (1990)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://global.toyota/en/detail/7868203 |title=Toyota Launches All-New Supra |publisher=Toyota |date=24 May 1993 |access-date=21 July 2019}}</ref>
| related = {{unbulleted list
| [[Toyota Soarer (Z30)|Toyota Soarer]]/[[Lexus SC (Z30)]]
| Ohno Naomi III<ref name=OhnoNaomiIII>{{cite web |url=http://ohno-car-craft.jp/naomi3/en.html |title=Naomi III |publisher=OHNO Car Craft |access-date=27 April 2013}}</ref>
}}
| engine = {{unbulleted list
| 2997 cc ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GE|2JZ-GE]]'' [[Straight-six engine|I6]]
| 2997 cc ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GTE|2JZ-GTE]]'' [[twin-turbo]] I6
}}
| transmission = {{unbulleted list
| 5-speed ''W58'' manual
| 6-speed ''[[Toyota V transmission|V16x]]'' (''[[Magna PT|Getrag 233]]'') manual
| 4-speed ''A340E'' automatic
}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|2550|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<ref name=A80NZUK/><ref name=A80JDM/>
| length = {{convert|4515-4520|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<ref name=A80NZUK>{{cite web|url=http://mkiv.supras.org.nz/articles/ukspec.htm|title=UK Spec Supras in New Zealand|date=20 November 2020|website=mkiv.supras.org.nz}}</ref><ref name=A80JDM>{{cite web|url=https://www.goo-net-exchange.com/catalog/TOYOTA__SUPRA/#9/2001|title=Toyota Supra catalog|date=20 November 2020|website=www.goo-net-exchange.com}}</ref>
| width = {{convert|1810|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<ref name=A80NZUK/><ref name=A80JDM/>
| height = {{convert|1275|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<ref name=A80NZUK/><ref name=A80JDM/>
| weight = {{unbulleted list
| {{convert|1410|–|1510|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} (naturally aspirated)
| {{convert|1490|–|1570|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} (turbo)
}}
}}
The production of the A80 began in February 1989 under various teams for design, product planning, and engineering led by Isao Tsuzuki. By the middle of 1990, a final A80 design concept from Toyota Technical Centre Aichi was approved and frozen for production in late 1990. The first test mules were hand-built in A70 bodies during late 1990, followed by the first A80 prototypes being hand-assembled in 1991.
Again using subframe, suspension, and drivetrain assemblies from the [[Toyota Soarer (Z30)|Z30 Soarer]] ([[Lexus SC (Z30)|Lexus SC300/400]]), pre-production of the test models started in December 1992 with 20 units made,<ref name="supras1">{{cite web|url=http://mkiv.supras.org.nz/specs.htm|title=Toyota Supra A80 : A80 Specifications|publisher=Mkiv.supras.org.nz|date=7 August 2009|access-date=11 October 2010}}</ref> and official mass production began in April 1993.<ref name="supras1"/>{{Inconsistent|date=August 2020|reason=production in Motomachi plant did not start until May 1993}} The fourth-generation Supra again shared its platform with the upscale Soarer coupe, sold in the US as the Lexus SC. Although the two cars looked similar dimension-wise, the new Supra was more than 13 inches (340 mm) shorter than its luxurious cousin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://parts.olathetoyota.com/blog/5066/4th-gen-supra-history |title=Toyota's 4th Generation Supra History |work=Toyota Parts Blog |publisher=Toyota |___location=Olathe, US |access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref>
This redesign saw Toyota placing great emphasis on a more serious high-performance car. The A80 featured two new engines: a [[naturally aspirated engine|naturally aspirated]] [[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GE|Toyota 2JZ-GE]] having a power output of {{convert|164|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} at 5,800 rpm and {{convert|210|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 4,800 rpm of torque and a [[twin-turbo#Sequential twin-turbo|twin turbocharged]] [[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GTE|Toyota 2JZ-GTE]] having a power output of {{convert|206|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|318|lbft|N.m|abbr=on}} of torque for the Japanese model. For the export model (American/European markets) Toyota upgraded the Supra turbo's engine (by installing smaller, steel wheeled [[turbocharger]]s and bigger fuel injectors, etc.). This increased the power output to {{convert|239|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} at 5,600 rpm and {{convert|315|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 4,000 rpm ({{convert|243|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|325|lbft|0|abbr=on}} for European markets) Upon its launch in 1993, it was the first Toyota-badged vehicle to include a passenger-side airbag as standard (US-market only).<ref name="supras1"/>
The twin turbochargers operated in sequential mode instead of parallel. Initially, all of the exhaust gases are routed to the first turbine for reduced lag. This resulted in boost and enhanced torque as early as 1,800 rpm, where it already produced {{convert|300|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque. At 3,500 rpm, some of the exhaust gases are routed to the second turbine for a "pre-boost" mode, although none of the compressor output is used by the engine at this point. At 4,000 rpm, the second turbo's output is used to augment the first turbo's output. Compared to the parallel mode, sequential mode turbochargers provide quicker low RPM response and increased high RPM boost. This high RPM boost was also aided with technology originally present in the [[Toyota M engine#7M-GE|7M-GE]] in the form of the [[Acoustic Control Induction System]] (ACIS) which is a way of managing the air compression pulses within the intake piping as to increase power.
For this generation, the Supra received a new six-speed [[Getrag]]/Toyota ''V160'' gearbox on the turbo models while the naturally aspirated models were equipped with a five-speed manual [[Toyota W Transmission#W58|W58]] transmission, revised from the previous model. Each model was offered with a four-speed automatic with manual shifting mode.
All vehicles were equipped with five-spoke aluminium alloy wheels. The naturally aspirated models had 16-inch wheels while the turbo models had 17-inch wheels with 235/45/17 front and 255/40/17 rear tyres. The difference in wheel size was to accommodate the larger brakes equipped as standard on the turbo model, but in Japan were optional equipment. The turbo models had 4-piston front calipers with 2-piston rear calipers. The naturally aspirated models came equipped with dual front and single rear piston calipers. Both models had a space saver spare tyre on a steel rim to save both space and weight. All models used a double-wishbone suspension front and rear.
{{Multiple image
| align = left
| direction = vertical
| width = 220
| image1 = 1994 Toyota Supra Sport Roof in Red, rear left.jpg
| caption1 = Rear view (pre-facelift)
| image2 = Supra MKIV Color 1A1.jpg
| caption2 = European specification with [[bonnet scoop]]<ref name=A80NZUK/> and OEM active front lip (pre-facelift)
| image4 = Toyota Supra (24044054520).jpg
| caption4 = European specification taillights
| image5 = MKIV Cockpit.JPG
| caption5 = Interior (pre-facelift)
}}
Toyota took measures to reduce the weight of this new model. Aluminium was used for the bonnet, targa top (when fitted), front crossmember, oil and transmission pans, and forged upper suspension A-arms. Other measures included hollow carpet fibres, magnesium-alloy steering wheel, plastic gas tank and lid, dished out head bolts, gas injected rear spoiler, and a single pipe exhaust. Despite having more features such as dual airbags, traction control, larger brakes, wheels, tyres, and an additional turbocharger, the car was at least {{convert|200|lb|kg|abbr=on|order=flip}} lighter than its predecessor. The base model with a manual transmission had a curb weight of {{convert|3210|lb|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}. The targa top added {{convert|40|lb|abbr=on|order=flip}} of weight while the automatic transmission added {{convert|55|lb|abbr=on|order=flip}}. The fourth-generation model had a 51:49 (front:rear) weight distribution. The turbo model weighed {{convert|3450|lb|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} with a manual transmission while the automatic added another {{convert|10|lb|abbr=on|order=flip}} to the overall weight. Weight distribution was 53% front and 47% rear. The Supra was heavier than the [[Mazda RX-7]] and all aluminium bodied [[Honda NSX|Acura/Honda NSX]] (weighing about the same amount as the [[Nissan 300ZX]]), but was lighter than the [[Mitsubishi GTO|Mitsubishi 3000GT VR-4]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.roadandtrack.com/car-reviews/car-comparison-tests/the-300-horsepower-club?click=main_sr |title=The 300 Horsepower Club |journal=Road & Track |date=26 March 2003 |access-date=27 April 2013}}</ref>
By the late 1990s, sales of all sport coupes were declining in North America, and a stronger [[Japanese yen|yen]] pushed prices up in markets outside Japan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autonews.com/article/20140121/OEM03/140129977/a-brief-history-of-the-toyota-supra|title=A brief history of the Toyota Supra|date=21 January 2014|website=Automotive News|language=en|access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref> The Supra was withdrawn from the Canadian market in 1996 and the US in 1998. The Turbo was not available in 1998 in [[California Air Resources Board]] (CARB) states. Production continued in Japan until August 2002, ceasing owing to restrictive emission standards.
=== Performance ===
The turbocharged variant could accelerate {{convert|0-60|mph|km/h|order=flip|0|abbr=on}} in as low as 4.6 seconds and cover {{convert|1/4|mile|m|order=flip|0|abbr=in}} in 13.1 seconds at {{convert|109|mi/h|km/h|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}.<ref name="cd93">{{cite journal |year=1993 |title=Toyota Supra Turbo: Think of it as a Lexus for Smokey Yunick |url=http://mkiv.com/publications/car%26driver/3_93/6-cd3-93.jpg |format=JPG |journal=[[Car and Driver]] |issue=March |page=41 |access-date=27 April 2013 |archive-date=19 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619130228/http://mkiv.com/publications/car%26driver/3_93/6-cd3-93.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Car and Driver magazine|''Car and Driver'' magazine]] includes a [[Rollout (drag racing)|rollout]] in their 4.6 seconds test (typically about 0.3 second) that they subtract from the acceleration figures.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 August 2020 |title=Car and Driver's Comprehensive Car Testing Explained |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a32018270/how-we-test-cars/}}</ref> The turbo version has a tested top speed of {{convert|160|mi/h|km/h|0|abbr=on|order=flip}},<ref>{{cite web |last=Golon |first=Daniel |date=15 May 2019 |title=Here's How Our 2020 Toyota Supra Test Numbers Compare to the 1993 Supra Turbo's |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a27452748/2020-toyota-supra-vs-1993-toyota-supra-turbo-test-numbers/ |access-date=18 May 2020 |publisher=[[Car and Driver]]}}</ref> but the cars are restricted to just {{convert|180|km/h|mi/h|0|abbr=on}} in Japan and {{convert|250|km/h|mi/h|0|abbr=on}} in worldwide markets. European versions of the car also had an air intake or scoop on the bonnet. It has a {{Cd|long=yes|link=car|0.31}} for the naturally aspirated models and 0.32 for the turbo models but unknown with the rear spoiler.
The standard A80 Supra chassis has also proven an effective platform for roadracing, with several top 20 and top 10 One Lap of America finishes in the SSGT1 class. In 1994, the A80 managed remarkable [[skidpad]] ratings of 0.95 lateral g's (200 ft) and 0.98 lateral g's (300 ft)<ref>{{cite journal |year=1993 |title=1993 Supra Turbo |url=http://mkiv.com/publications/road%26track/3_93/rt393_06.jpg |journal=Road & Track |issue=March |access-date=27 April 2013 |archive-date=12 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512154703/http://mkiv.com/publications/road%26track/3_93/rt393_06.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Supra also featured a four-sensor four-channel track tuned ABS system with yaw control whereby each caliper is sensored and the brakes are controlled individually according to the speed, angle, and pitch of the approaching corner. This unique Formula One-inspired braking system allowed the Supra Turbo to record a {{convert|70|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on|0|order=flip}} -0 braking distance of {{convert|149|ft|m|abbr=on|0}},<ref>{{cite journal |year=1997 |title=Toyota 2000GT |url=http://mkiv.com/publications/car%26driver/3_97/page3.jpg |journal=Car & Driver |issue=March |access-date=27 April 2013 |archive-date=19 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619132149/http://mkiv.com/publications/car%26driver/3_97/page3.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref> the best braking performance of any production car tested in 1997 by [[Car and Driver magazine|''Car and Driver'' magazine]]. This record was finally broken in 2004 by a [[Porsche Carrera GT]], which did it in {{convert|145|ft|m|abbr=on|0}}.
=== 1994 ===
In 1994, [[Toyota Racing Development]] displayed a replica of the [[1994 All Japan Grand Touring Car Championship|1994 JGTC]] BLITZ Racing Team Supra GT500 race car, known as the TRD 3000GT. The differences with the standard Supra was mainly with the body kits, aiming for better aerodynamics. The new body kit made the car 60 mm wider at the front and 50 mm wider at the rear. This allowed wider wheels to be fitted, which in turn improved the car's lateral grip. The engine and suspension also got small modifications. Only 35 examples of these were ever produced, each of which came with its own specially numbered VIN plate that officially re-classified the car as a TRD 3000GT rather than a Supra.<ref name="TRD3000GT">{{cite web |date=26 November 2019 |title=History of the TRD 3000GT |work=Toyota UK |url=https://blog.toyota.co.uk/trd-3000gt-history |access-date=13 August 2020 |publisher=Toyota |___location=UK}}</ref>
=== 1995 ===
In 1995, for the 1996 model year, in the US the turbo model was only available with an automatic transmission owing to [[OBD-II]] certification requirements. The targa roof was also made standard on all turbo models.
=== 1996 ===
{{Multiple image
| align = left
| direction = vertical
| width = 220
| image1 = Toyota Supra RZ (JZA80) front.JPG
| caption1 = Toyota Supra RZ (facelift)
| image2 = The interior of Toyota Supra RZ mid-year 1995.jpg
| caption2 = Interior (facelift)
}}
In 1996, for the 1997 model year, manual transmission returned for the turbo engine along with a redesign of the taillights, headlights, front fascia, polished wheels, and other minor changes such as the radio and steering wheel designs. Each of the Supras had a badge indicating "Limited Edition 15th Anniversary". All turbo models came standard with the rear spoiler.{{clarify|reason=Are the badges and spoilers worldwide or N.America only or US only?|date=December 2022}}
==
[[File:Facelift Aerotop MK4 Supra.jpg|thumb|Facelift Aerotop/Targa Supra]]
In 1997, for the 1998 model year, updates were a 3-spoke steering wheel, a redesigned radio, and VVT-i on the naturally aspirated engine. In Japan, the turbo engines were also installed with VVT-i. The SZ-R was also updated with the introduction of a six-speed [[Getrag]] V161 transmission, the same one used for the twin-turbo RZ models. The RZ-S received a tiptronic gearbox with steering wheel mounted gear controls. The RZ and SZ-R were both factory-fitted with Toyotas REAS suspension and carbon-fibre steering wheel to aid in the light feeling of steering. The RZ was also factory fitted with Recaro SR2 front seats.
The 1998 model year was the last year of the Supra in the US, with sales and exports for that region ceasing by the end of 1998. In Japan, the Supra continued to be produced until 2002. The 1998–2002 twin-turbo powered Supra RZ for that region became one of the rarest halo cars of Japanese manufacturers at the time and was constantly outsold by other cars such as the [[Nissan Skyline GTR#Fifth generation (1999–2002)|Nissan Skyline GTR]], [[Mazda RX7#Third generation (FD3S)|Mazda RX7]] and the [[Honda NSX|Honda/Acura NSX]] until production ended in August 2002 due to restrictive emissions regulations at the time. About 653 units were sold in Japan during its final years of production from the 1998 model year up until 2002.
{{clear}}
=== Powertrain ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Code
!Year
!Engine
!Power
!Torque
!Transmission
!Market
|-
! rowspan="5" |JZA80
|April 1993 – August 2002
|{{convert|2997|cc|L cuin|1|abbr=on}} [[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GE|Toyota 2JZ-GE]] [[Inline-6|I6]]
|{{convert|225|PS|kW PS hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}}<br />{{convert|220|hp|kW PS hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}}
|{{convert|284|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
|5-speed [[Toyota W Transmission#W58|W58]] manual<br />4-speed [[Toyota A transmission#A340E|A340E]] automatic
|Japan<br />Canada and United States (up to 1998)
|-
| rowspan="3" |April 1993 – 1998
|{{convert|2997|cc|L cuin|1|abbr=on}} [[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GTE|Toyota 2JZ-GTE]] [[Twin-turbo#Sequential turbocharging|twin-turbocharged]] [[Straight-six engine|I6]]
|{{convert|280|PS|kW PS hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}}
|{{convert|431|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
|6-speed V160 manual<br />4-speed [[Toyota A transmission#A340E|A340E]] automatic
|Japan
|-
|{{convert|2997|cc|L cuin|1|abbr=on}} [[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GTE|Toyota 2JZ-GTE]] twin-turbocharged I6
|{{convert|320|hp|kW PS hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}}
|{{convert|315|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on|disp=flip}}
|6-speed V160 manual<br />4-speed [[Toyota A transmission#A340E|A340E]] automatic
|Canada and United States
|-
|{{convert|2997|cc|L cuin|1|abbr=on}} [[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GTE|Toyota 2JZ-GTE]] twin-turbocharged I6
|{{convert|330|PS|kW PS hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}}
|{{convert|441|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
|6-speed V160 manual<br />4-speed [[Toyota A transmission#A340E|A340E]] automatic
|Europe
|-
|September 1997 – August 2002
|{{convert|2997|cc|L cuin|1|abbr=on}} [[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GTE|Toyota 2JZ-GTE VVT-i]] twin-turbocharged I6
|{{convert|280|PS|kW PS hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}}
|{{convert|451|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
|6-speed V161 manual<br />4-speed [[Toyota A transmission#A340E|A340E]] automatic
|Japan
|}
{{clear}}
== {{anchor|J29|DB|A90|GR|GR Supra}} Fifth generation (J29/DB; 2019) ==
{{Main|Toyota GR Supra}}
<!-- Please note that "A90" is not the actual model code. It is used for promotional and marketing purposes only -->
<!-- Wikipedia uses internationally understood calendar years instead of US specific model years -->
{{multiple image
| align =
| direction = vertical
| total_width =
| image1 = Toyota Supra Monrepos 2019 IMG 1898.jpg
| caption1 = Fifth-generation Supra, front view
| image2 = Toyota Supra Monrepos 2019 IMG 1899.jpg
| caption2 = Fifth-generation Supra, rear view
}}
The fifth-generation Supra was released in January 2019 after 17 years off the market as the GR Supra, part of Toyota's [[Gazoo Racing]] (GR) family of performance cars.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/toyota/26144480.html |title=Toyota Premieres New Supra at Detroit Auto Show |publisher=Toyota |___location=Japan |date=14 January 2019 |access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref> It was developed in partnership with [[BMW]], sharing the platform and many parts from the [[BMW Z4 (G29)]] with BMW derived 4- and 6-cylinder turbocharged engines and maintaining rear-wheel drive layout from the previous Supra. The model is designated with BMW model codes "J29" or "DB", however Toyota used the "A90" and "A91" codes for promotional and marketing materials for the fifth-generation Supra to maintain the lineage from the previous Supra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=【スクープ！：ジュネーブショー2018】トヨタの出展情報をキャッチ 目玉はGRスープラとカローラスポーツ！（2月9日更新） - Webモーターマガジン |url=https://web.motormagazine.co.jp/_ct/17146864 |access-date=2020-02-14 |website=web.motormagazine.co.jp |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Brett |date=2017-08-10 |title=2018 'J29' Toyota Supra getting 20i, 30i, 40i BMW engines, auto only (video) |url=https://performancedrive.com.au/2018-j29-toyota-supra-getting-20i-30i-40i-bmw-engines-auto-video-1016/ |access-date=2020-02-14 |website=PerformanceDrive |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SPECIFICATIONS トヨタ スープラ 主要諸元表 |url=https://toyota.jp/pages/contents/supra/002_p_001/4.0/pdf/spec/supra_spec_202004.pdf |website=toyota.jp}}</ref> The GR Supra is manufactured at the [[Magna Steyr]] plant in [[Graz]], Austria alongside the [[BMW Z4 (G29)|Z4]].<ref>{{cite web |date=19 September 2018 |title=Toyota Supra to be built alongside BMW Z4 at Austrian plant |url=https://www.motorauthority.com/news/1029652_toyota-supra-to-be-built-alongside-bmw-z4-at-austrian-plant |work=Motor Authority |language=en |accessdate=30 October 2019}}</ref>
The fifth-generation Toyota Supra was launched in total seven colour options including CU Later Gray, Stratosphere, Burnout, Absolute Zero, Nocturnal, Renaissance 2.0, and Nitro Yellow. Apart from the cosmetics, in 2023, new driving modes are introduced called Hairpin+. This mode allows additional wheel-spin on one of the rear tyres to help rotate the Supra around ultra-tight hairpin turns.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dahiya |first=Ravi |date=8 January 2023 |title=2023 Toyota Supra GR Sport |url=https://www.ardwheels.com/2023-toyota-gr-supra-price-in-india/ |access-date=8 January 2023 |website=ARDwheels |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107194919/https://ardwheels.com/2023-toyota-gr-supra-price-in-india/ |archive-date=2023-01-07 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
{{clear}}
== Motorsport ==
[[File:1997 Castrol Tom's Supra 01.jpg|thumb|1997 Castrol TOM's Supra GT500 racecar]]
{{Main|Toyota Supra in motorsport}}
The Supra has been used in many levels of motorsport, with some prominent examples being in [[Group A]] (international)<ref name=brmc>{{cite web |url=http://www.users.myisp.co.uk/~climengs/alls_well/alls_well.htm |title=All's Well That End Well? |website=BRMC |___location=UK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000054/http://www.users.myisp.co.uk/~climengs/alls_well/alls_well.htm |archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref> and [[All Japan Grand Touring Car Championship|JGTC]]/[[Super GT]] (Japan).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.racingsportscars.com/photo/Le_Mans-1995-06-18-photo.html |title=Le Mans 24 Hours 1995 (Photo Archive) |publisher=Racing Sports Cars |date=18 June 1995 |access-date=11 August 2011}}</ref>
== Awards ==
* The A60, with its all-new design, quickly became a success in the US where it was awarded the [[Car of the Year|Import Car of the Year]] by ''[[Motor Trend]]''. It also made ''[[Car and Driver]]'' magazine's [[Car and Driver Ten Best|Ten Best list]] for 1983 and 1984.
* In 1994, the A80 Supra won ''[[Popular Mechanics]]'' "Design & Engineering awards".<ref name="OSS" />
* The fifth-generation GR Supra (J29/DB) was selected to be on ''[[Car and Driver]]'' magazine's [[Car and Driver 10Best|10Best list]] for 2020, 2021, and 2023, and was named to the magazine's Editor's Choice list in the Sports Car category for 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ceppos |first=Rich |date=2019-11-21 |title=2020 Toyota Supra: Car and Driver's 10Best |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a29797895/10best-2020-toyota-supra/ |access-date=2022-05-03 |website=Car and Driver |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sutton |first=Mike |date=2020-11-18 |title=2021 Toyota Supra: Car and Driver 10Best |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a34690862/10best-2021-toyota-supra/ |access-date=2022-05-03 |website=Car and Driver |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-19 |title=2023 Toyota GR Supra: Car and Driver 10Best |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a42244064/10best-2023-toyota-gr-supra/ |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=Car and Driver |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-30 |title=2020 Editors' Choice: The Best New Cars, Trucks, SUVs, and Minivans |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/shopping-advice/a30913584/2020-editors-choice/ |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=Car and Driver |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-16 |title=2021 Editors' Choice: The Best New Cars, Trucks, SUVs, and Minivans |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/shopping-advice/a35536605/2021-editors-choice/ |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=Car and Driver |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-01 |title=2022 Editors' Choice: The Best New Cars, Trucks, SUVs, and Minivans |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a38873223/2022-editors-choice/ |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=Car and Driver |language=en-us}}</ref>
* It won "Best Sports Coupe" for 2020 and 2021 in ''[[MotorWeek]]'' magazine's [[MotorWeek Drivers' Choice Awards|Drivers' Choice Awards]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-05-31 |title=Drivers' Choice Awards |work=MotorWeek |url=https://motorweek.org/reviews/drivers_choice_awards/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531053945/https://motorweek.org/reviews/drivers_choice_awards/ |archive-date=2020-05-31 |access-date=2023-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-02-10 |title=Drivers' Choice Awards |work=MotorWeek |url=https://motorweek.org/reviews/drivers_choice_awards/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210200151/https://motorweek.org/reviews/drivers_choice_awards/ |archive-date=2021-02-10 |access-date=2023-05-22}}</ref>
* In 2019, the fifth-generation GR Supra won ''[[Auto Bild]]'' magazine's "[[Das Goldene Lenkrad|Golden Steering Wheel]]" award for Best New Sports Car, and was named the "Car of the Year" by [[Esquire (magazine)|''Esquire'']] magazine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Das Goldene Lenkrad 2019: Die Preisverleihung im Live-Stream! |url=https://www.autobild.de/artikel/goldenes-lenkrad-2019-15968797.html |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=autobild.de |date=12 November 2019 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-03 |title=The Toyota GR Supra Is Esquire's Car of the Year |url=https://www.esquire.com/lifestyle/cars/a30086877/toyota-gr-supra-car-of-the-year/ |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=Esquire |language=en-us}}</ref>
* In 2020, the GR Supra won ''[[Sport auto (Germany)|Sport Auto]]'' magazine's "Best Handling Car 2020", and was [[Automobile (magazine)|''Automobile'']] magazine's 2020 [[Automobile (magazine)#Automobile All-Stars|Automobile All-Stars]] winner.<ref>{{Citation |title=Best Handling Car 2020 {{!}} Handling-Test in L´Anneau du Rhin {{!}} sport auto *ENGLISCH SUBS* | date=11 May 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DXnmh_behB8 |language=en |access-date=2022-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-11 |title=2020 Toyota GR Supra Test Drive: 2020 Automobile All-Stars Winner |url=https://www.motortrend.com/news/2020-toyota-supra-automobile-all-stars-test-drive-review/ |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=MotorTrend |language=en}}</ref>
* In 2021, the [[SEMA (association)|Specialty Equipment Market Association (SEMA)]] awarded the fifth-generation GR Supra as the "Sport Compact of the Year".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-02 |title=Toyota GR Supra, Tacoma Win 2021 SEMA Awards |url=https://pressroom.toyota.com/toyota-gr-supra-tacoma-win-2021-sema-awards/ |access-date=2022-05-03 |website=Toyota USA Newsroom |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Production timeline ==
* 1979 – Celica Supra A40 introduced with {{convert|2563|cc|L cuin||abbr=on}} SOHC [[Toyota M engine#4M-E|4M-E]] I6 engine.
* 1981 – A40 engine displacement increased to {{convert|2759|cc|L cuin||abbr=on}} with the introduction of the SOHC [[Toyota M engine#5M|5M-E]] I6 engine.
* 1982 – A60 Celica Supra introduced with a {{convert|2759|cc|L cuin||abbr=on}} DOHC [[Toyota M engine#5M-GE|5M-GE]] I6 engine.
* 1986–1986.5 – A70 Supra introduced on its own platform with {{convert|2954|cc|L cuin||abbr=on}} DOHC [[Toyota M engine#7M-GE|7M-GE]] I6 engine.
* 1987 – Option of turbocharger available for the {{convert|2954|cc|L cuin||abbr=on}} DOHC [[Toyota M engine#7M-GTE|7M-GTE]] engine having a power output of {{convert|172|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}} {{convert|245|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}.
* 1989 – Redesign implemented. Turbo model's power output increased to {{convert|173|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}} & {{convert|250|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}.
* 1993 – A80 Supra introduced with {{convert|2997|cc|L cuin||abbr=on}} Turbo ([[2JZ-GTE]]) or naturally aspirated ([[2JZ-GE]]) DOHC engine.
* 1996 – Turbo model only available with automatic transmission owing to [[On-board diagnostics#OBD-II|OBD2]] certification requirements. Targa roof standard on all turbo models.
* 1997 – Manual transmission available on all turbo models. Restyled front bumper and grey (instead of black) taillight surrounds. Restyled headlights, now black on the inside with chrome rings (all chrome previously) and a clearer lens. All 1997 models labeled as 15th Anniversary model. New grey dash panels to replace the previous black. Japanese production stopped in September.
* 1998 – Slight restyling of interior. 3-spoke steering wheel introduced. Slightly updated seat design (headrest is no longer separate) VVT-i on non-turbo models which increased power. Turbo variants discontinued in the US that require California emissions.
* 1999 – Export of Supra ended in the US, production continued in Japan.
* 2002 – Production of A80 Supra ended in Japan.
* 2019 – Fifth generation Supra introduced at the January 2019 [[North American International Auto Show#2019|North American International Auto Show]].
{{clear}}
== Sales ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Model
!Calendar year
!North America<br />(estimated figures)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://carsalesbase.com/us-car-sales-data/toyota/toyota-supra/|title=Toyota Supra US car sales figures|website=carsalesbase.com|date=11 February 2016|language=en-US|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref>
!UK
|-
! rowspan="4" |A40/A50
Mk I
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.topspeed.com/cars/toyota/1979-toyota-supra-ar163623/|title=1979–1981 Toyota Supra|website=TopSpeed.com|date=21 May 2014|access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref>
|1979
|26,207
|0<ref name="UK Sales">{{cite press release |url=https://media.toyota.co.uk/wp-content/files_mf/1583429116ToyotaUKbymodelCompiled.pdf |title=Toyota UK Year Book by model 1965-2019 |publisher=Toyota |___location=UK |year=2020 |access-date=17 March 2020 |archive-date=7 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507151631/https://media.toyota.co.uk/wp-content/files_mf/1583429116ToyotaUKbymodelCompiled.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|1980
|21,542
|0<ref name="UK Sales"/>
|-
|1981
|16,146
|0<ref name="UK Sales"/>
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''63,895'''
|'''0'''
|-
! rowspan="5" |A60
Mk II
<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hemmings.com/blog/article/celica-supra/|title=Celica Supra|last=Fitzgerald|first=Craig|website=www.hemmings.com|access-date=24 February 2019}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.topspeed.com/cars/toyota/1982-toyota-supra/|title=1982–1986 Toyota supra|website=TopSpeed.com|date=23 May 2014|access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref>
|1982
|34,048
|293<ref name="UK Sales"/>
|-
|1983
|26,972
|1,012<ref name="UK Sales"/>
|-
|1984
|29,871
|1,385<ref name="UK Sales"/>
|-
|1985
|23,568
|1,442<ref name="UK Sales"/>
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''114,459'''
|'''4,132'''
|-
! rowspan="8" |A70
Mk III
<ref name="A70-America-sales">{{cite web|url=http://musclecarclub.com/other-cars/imports/toyota-supra/toyota-supra.shtml|title=Toyota Supra|publisher=Musclecarclub.com|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120711054823/http://musclecarclub.com/other-cars/imports/toyota-supra/toyota-supra.shtml|archive-date=11 July 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.topspeed.com/cars/toyota/1986-toyota-supra/|title=1986–1992 Toyota Supra|date=9 June 2014|website=TopSpeed.com|access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref>
|1986
|33,283
|1,294<ref name="UK Sales"/>
|-
|1987
|29,907
|1,809<ref name="UK Sales"/>
|-
|1988
|19,596
|2,056<ref name="UK Sales"/>
|-
|1989
|14,544
|2,993<ref name="UK Sales"/>
|-
|1990
|6,419
|2,285<ref name="UK Sales"/>
|-
|1991
|3,623
|711<ref name="UK Sales"/>
|-
|1992
|1,193
|403<ref name="UK Sales"/>
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''108,565'''
|'''11,551'''
|-
! rowspan="8" |A80
Mk IV
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.topspeed.com/cars/toyota/1993-toyota-supra/|title=1993–1998 Toyota Supra|website=TopSpeed.com|date=19 May 2014|access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref>
|1993
|2,901
|192<ref name="UK Sales"/>
|-
|1994
|3,405
|212<ref name="UK Sales"/>
|-
|1995
|2,266
|150<ref name="UK Sales"/>
|-
|1996
|852
|69<ref name="UK Sales"/>
|-
|1997
|1,379
|0<ref name="UK Sales"/>
|-
|1998
|1,232
|0<ref name="UK Sales"/>
|-
|1999
|24
|0<ref name="UK Sales"/>
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''12,059'''
|'''623'''
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Model
!Calendar year
!US<ref name="Toyota Supra Sales Figures">{{cite web |url=https://www.goodcarbadcar.net/toyota-supra-sales-figures/ |title=Toyota Supra Sales Figures |website=www.goodcarbadcar.net |access-date=January 15, 2024 }}</ref>
!Canada<ref name="Toyota Supra Sales Figures" />
!Europe<ref name="Toyota Supra Sales Figures" />
!Japan<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-24 |title=トヨタ「スープラ」復活デビューから2年 販売は成功しているか? |url=https://bestcarweb.jp/feature/column/284374 |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=自動車情報誌「ベストカー」 |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=トヨタ GRスープラ 新車販売台数の推移/売れ行き(生産台数)と生産状況は？工場とラインの稼働状況も - 株式会社アイディーインフォメーション |trans-title=Toyota GR Supra New car sales trends/sales (production volume) and production status? Factory and line operating status |url=https://id-information.co.jp/kuruma/supra-hanbaidaisu/ |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=id-information.co.jp |language=ja}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="6" |J29/DB
Mk V
|2019
|2,884
|252
|893
|880
|-
|2020
|5,887
|394
|947
|2,650
|-
|2021
|6,830
|410
|979<ref>{{Cite press release |date=2022-01-13 |title=Toyota sales increase +8% in 2021, record 6.4% market share |url=https://newsroom.toyota.eu/toyota-motor-europe-sales-increase-by-8-in-2021-to-achieve-a-record-64-market-share/ |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=Toyota sales increase +8% in 2021, record 6.4% market share |publisher=Toyota |___location=Europe}}</ref>
|
|-
|2022
|4,952
|215
|830<ref>{{Cite press release |date=2023-01-16 |title=Toyota Europe's market share increases to a record 7.3% |url=https://newsroom.toyota.eu/toyota-motor-europes-market-share-increases-to-a-record-73-in-2022-09-points-year-on-year/ |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=Toyota Europe’s market share increases to a record 7.3% |publisher=Toyota |___location=Europe}}</ref>
|690
|-
|2023
|2,652
| rowspan="2" |N/A
|939<ref>{{Cite press release |date=2024-01-23 |title=Toyota Motor Europe posts all-time sales record in 2023 |url=https://newsroom.toyota.eu/toyota-motor-europe-posts-all-time-sales-record-of-1173419-vehicles-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=Toyota Motor Europe posts all-time sales record in 2023 |publisher=Toyota |___location=Europe}}</ref>
|1,490
|-
|2024
|2,615
|442<ref>{{Cite press release |date=2025-01-15 |title=Toyota's multi-pathway approach leads to record sales |url=https://newsroom.toyota.eu/multi-pathway-approach-to-co2-reduction-leads-to-all-time-sales-record-for-toyota-motor-europe-in-2024/ |access-date=2025-03-13 |publisher=Toyota |___location=Europe}}</ref>
|1,450
|}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Toyota Supra}}
* {{Official website|https://global.toyota/en/mobility/toyota-brand/gallery/supra.html}}
{{Toyota Motor Corporation}}
{{Toyota timeline (North America) 1958–1979}}
{{Toyota timeline (North America) 1980–2009}}
{{Modern North American Toyota vehicles}}
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