Content deleted Content added
Mkpumphrey (talk | contribs) |
m →Territory of present-day Vojvodina throughout history: HTTP to HTTPS for Blogspot |
||
| (283 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|none}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=November 2007}}
{{tone|date=April 2015}}
}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{History of Vojvodina}}
[[Vojvodina]] ([[Serbian language|Serbian]]: Војводина or ''Vojvodina''; {{langx|hu|Vajdaság}}; {{langx|sk|Vojvodina}}; {{langx|ro|Voivodina}}; {{langx|hr|Vojvodina}}; [[Pannonian Rusyn language|Rusyn]]: Войводина) is an [[Autonomous provinces of Serbia|autonomous province]] located in northern [[Serbia]]. It consists of the [[Pannonian Plain]] in the south, and the [[Danube]] and [[Sava]] (part of the [[Mačva]] region that belongs to Vojvodina is located south of Sava) rivers in the north.
==
The name ''"Vojvodina"'' (Војводина) in the [[Serbian language]] simply means "[[
As for the names of the
==Territory of present-day Vojvodina throughout history==
Banat, Bačka and Syrmia: Throughout history, the territory of present-day Vojvodina (including regions of Banat, Bačka and Syrmia) has been (entirely or partially) a part of:
* the [[Scordisci|State of the Scordisci]] (3rd century BC–1st century AD), with capital in [[Singidunum]] (present-day [[Belgrade]]),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WB8gAAAAMAAJ&q=%22state+of+the+scordisci%22|title=Skordisci: istorija i kultura|first=Jovan|last=Todorović|date=August 29, 1974|publisher=Institut za izučavanje istorije Vojvodine|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="google">{{cite book|title=The Roman War of Antiochos the Great|author=Grainger, J.D.|date=2002|volume=239|publisher=Brill|isbn=9789004128408|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fTf0Nkjw5-gC&pg=PA82|page=82|access-date=September 6, 2015}}</ref><ref name="google2">{{cite book|title=The Celtic Encyclopedia|author=Mountain, H.|date=1998|volume=1|publisher=Universal Publishers|isbn=9781581128901|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LTbc1GIAwcIC&pg=PA215|page=215|access-date=September 6, 2015}}</ref><ref name="revues">{{cite journal|url=http://histoiremesure.revues.org/880|title=Coins of the Macedonian Kingdom in the Interior of Balkans|year=2002|publisher=histoiremesure.revues.org|doi=10.4000/histoiremesure.880|access-date=September 6, 2015|last1=Ujes|first1=Dubravka|journal=Histoire & Mesure|volume=XVII|issue=3/4|pages=7–41|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[Dacia]] (1st century BC),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://usuarios.multimania.es/superjulio/IMPERIOS%20BALCANICOS/Mapas%20Imperiales%20Imperio%20de%20Burebista%20de%20Dacia2.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-02-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224071029/http://usuarios.multimania.es/superjulio/IMPERIOS%20BALCANICOS/Mapas%20Imperiales%20Imperio%20de%20Burebista%20de%20Dacia2.jpg |archive-date=February 24, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://usuarios.multimania.es/superjulio/IMPERIOS%20BALCANICOS/Mapas%20Imperiales%20Imperio%20de%20Burebista%20de%20Dacia1.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-02-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224070356/http://usuarios.multimania.es/superjulio/IMPERIOS%20BALCANICOS/Mapas%20Imperiales%20Imperio%20de%20Burebista%20de%20Dacia1.jpg |archive-date=February 24, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="wordpress">{{cite web|url=http://talcuireapocalipsa.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/dacia-burebista.jpg|title=Image: dacia-burebista.jpg, (400 × 361 px)|publisher=talcuireapocalipsa.files.wordpress.com|access-date=September 6, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://juriscult.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/burebistahartadacia1.jpg |title=Burebistahartadacia1.JPG (409x300 pixels) |access-date=2012-07-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710061852/http://juriscult.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/burebistahartadacia1.jpg |archive-date=July 10, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="mdn">{{cite web|url=http://www.mdn.md/biblioteca/images/05DaciaBurebista-01-01.jpg|title=Image: 05DaciaBurebista-01-01.jpg|publisher=mdn.md|access-date=September 6, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101212617/http://www.mdn.md/biblioteca/images/05DaciaBurebista-01-01.jpg|archive-date=November 1, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* [[Roman Empire]] (1st–5th century),
* [[Huns|Hun Empire]] (5th century),
* [[Ostrogoths|Ostrogoth Kingdom]] (5th century),
* [[Gepids|Gepid Kingdom]] (5th–6th century),
* [[Langobards|Langobard State]] (6th century),
* [[Byzantine Empire]] (6th century; 11th–12th century),
* [[Avars (Carpathians)|Avar Khanate]] (6th–8th century),
* [[Franks|Frankish Kingdom]] (8th–9th century),
* [[Pannonian Slavs#Principality|Principality of Pannonian Croatia]] (9th century),<ref name="niif">{{cite web|url=http://keptar.niif.hu/000500/000586/magyaro-honf-terkep_nagykep.jpg|title=Image: magyaro-honf-terkep_nagykep.jpg, (2240 × 1800 px)|publisher=keptar.niif.hu|access-date=September 6, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Pannonian Slavs#Principality|Principality of Lower Pannonia]] (9th century),{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}}
* [[Great Moravia]] (9th century) – according to various sources, Great Moravia included territory of present-day Vojvodina.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zeitlerweb.com/img/775pxGreat_Moravia.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-02-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402184000/http://www.zeitlerweb.com/img/775pxGreat_Moravia.jpg |archive-date=April 2, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="nd01">{{cite web|url=http://nd01.jxs.cz/988/783/895de26d69_51179296_o2.jpg|title=Image: 895de26d69_51179296_o2.jpg, (454 × 393 px)|publisher=nd01.jxs.cz|access-date=September 6, 2015|archive-date=August 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820044248/http://nd01.jxs.cz/988/783/895de26d69_51179296_o2.jpg|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.provitacz.cz/public/upload/products/3183_velka_morava.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-02-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206024944/http://www.provitacz.cz/public/upload/products/3183_velka_morava.jpg |archive-date=February 6, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> According to alternative theory presented by Peter Püspöki Nagy, Great Moravia was centered in present-day Serbia: around the river Velika Morava and in present-day Vojvodina,<ref name="blogspot">{{cite web|url=https://1.bp.blogspot.com/_z5j3wjkIaUw/THPQKJT_QpI/AAAAAAAAAZ8/V1VKogfh4eU/s1600/1986_86-01_08_Puspoki1_original.jpg|title=Image: 1986_86-01_08_Puspoki1_original.jpg, (1474 × 1439 px)|publisher=1.bp.blogspot.com|access-date=September 6, 2015}}</ref>
* [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]] (9th–11th century),
* [[Salan|Voivodeship of Salan]] (9th century),<ref name="niif"/>
* [[Glad (duke)|Voivodeship of Glad]] (9th century),<ref name="niif"/>
* [[Kingdom of Hungary]] (10th–16th century),
* [[Ahtum|Voivodeship of Ahtum]] (11th century),
* [[Sermon (ruler)|Voivodeship of Sermon]] (11th century),
* Kingdom of [[Syrmia]] of Serb king [[Stefan Dragutin]] (13th–14th century) – initially, Stefan Dragutin was vassal of Hungarian king, but later became an independent ruler,
* realm of [[Ugrin Csák]] (13th–14th century) – initially, Ugrin Csák was a Hungarian nobleman, but later became an independent ruler,
* [[Jovan Nenad|Serb state of Jovan Nenad]] (1526–1527),<ref name="google3">{{cite book|title=The Austrian military border: its political and cultural impact|author1=Maior, L.|author2=Bocșan, N.|author3=Bolovan, I.|date=1994|publisher=Glasul Bucovinei|isbn=9789739680028|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ijFAAAAIAAJ|access-date=September 6, 2015}}</ref><ref name="google4">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&hl=sr&q=%22even+enjoyed+independence+under+the+%22Czar%22+Jovan+Nenad%22 |title=Slavonic encyclopaedia, Joseph Slabey Rouček, Philosophical Library, 1949, page 505. |access-date=September 6, 2015}}</ref><ref name="google5">{{cite book|title=Srpsko srednjevekovno selo|author=Peruničić, B.|date=1956|publisher=Naučna kniga|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7h9BAAAAIAAJ|access-date=September 6, 2015}}</ref><ref name="google6">{{cite book|title=Srbi u Rumuniji|author1=Cerović, L.|author2=Stepanov, L.|date=2000|publisher=Savez Srba u Rumuniji|isbn=9789739965712|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=710sAQAAIAAJ|access-date=September 6, 2015}}</ref><ref name="google7">{{cite journal|title=Arhivski pregled|author1=Društvo arhivskih radnika SR Srbije|author2=Državna arhiva NR Srbije|journal=Arhivski Pregled. (Štamp. Izd.).|date=1990|issn=0004-1297|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GgwrAQAAIAAJ|access-date=September 6, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Ottoman Empire]] (16th–18th century),
** Ottoman vassal duchy of [[Radoslav Čelnik]] (1527–1530),
* [[Habsburg monarchy]] (from 1699 to 1804), including:
** [[Military Frontier]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UusfAQAAMAAJ&q=%22The+former+name+of+a+nar-+tow+strip+of+land+along+the+Turkish+frontier+of+the+Austro-Hungarian+Empire.+It+had+a+special+military+constitution+and+formed+a+separate%22|title=Farrow's Military Encyclopedia: A Dictionary of Military Knowledge|first=Edward Samuel|last=Farrow|date=August 29, 1895|publisher=Military-Naval Publishing Company}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-7XNAAAAMAAJ&q=%22The+whole+Military+Frontier+thus+constituted+formerly+a+joint+crown+land%22|title=Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature|date=August 29, 1891|publisher=R.S. Peale|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEHTAAAAMAAJ&q=%22the+military+frontier+became+a+special+crown+land,+and+obtained+rights+of+its+own%22|title=The World's History: South-eastern and eastern Europe|first=Hans Ferdinand|last=Helmolt|date=August 29, 1907|publisher=W. Heinemann|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u08sAAAAIAAJ&q=%22The+military+Frontier+had+been+suppressed+and+part+was+annexed+to+Transylvania+in+1851+part+to+Hungary+in+1872%22|title=The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church|first=Charles George|last=Herbermann|date=August 29, 1913|publisher=Encyclopedia Press}}</ref>
** [[Banat of Temeswar]] (until 1778),
** [[Kingdom of Hungary (1538–1867)|Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary]] (which included [[Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia]] and Habsburg [[Kingdom of Slavonia]]),
* [[Austrian Empire]] (from 1804 to 1867), including:
** [[Serbian Vojvodina]] (1848–49),
** [[Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar]] (1849–60),
** [[Military Frontier]],
** [[Kingdom of Hungary (1538–1867)|Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary]] (which included the [[Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia]] and the Habsburg [[Kingdom of Slavonia]]<ref name="terra">{{cite web|url=http://www.terra.es/personal7/jqvaraderey/181815ge.gif|title=Image: 181815ge.gif|publisher=terra.es|access-date=September 6, 2015|archive-date=February 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218100008/http://www.terra.es/personal7/jqvaraderey/181815ge.gif|url-status=dead}}</ref>) – after 1849, Kingdom of Slavonia was a separate Habsburg crownland,
* [[Austria-Hungary]] (from 1867 to 1918), including:
** [[Military Frontier]] (until 1882),<ref name="historyonmaps">{{cite web|url=http://www.historyonmaps.com/ColourSamples/cbig/DissolutionMilitayFrontier.jpg|title=Image: DissolutionMilitayFrontier.jpg, (783 × 800 px)|publisher=historyonmaps.com|access-date=September 6, 2015}}</ref>
** [[Kingdom of Slavonia]] (until 1868),
** [[Kingdom of Hungary|Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary]] (which included Habsburg [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]]<ref name="bosnjaci">{{cite web|url=http://www.bosnjaci.net/foto/Bosna_i_Evropa1.jpg|title=Image: Bosna_i_Evropa1.jpg, (640 × 507 px)|publisher=bosnjaci.net|access-date=September 6, 2015}}</ref>),
* [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]] (1918),
* [[Banat Republic]] (1918),
* [[Kingdom of Serbia]] (1918),
* [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] (1918–1929),
* [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] (1929–41, also during World War – from 1941 to 1944: the area governed by the [[Military Administration in Serbia]] ([[Banat (1941–1944)|Western Banat]] was under German minority rule, by “[[Volksdeutsche]]”), the [[Independent State of Croatia]] and [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Kingdom Of Hungary]],
* [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] (1944–92),
* [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] (1992–2003),
* [[Serbia and Montenegro]] (2003–06), and,
* [[Serbia]] (2006–present)
Mačva: Through the history, the region of Mačva (whose northern part is within present-day Vojvodina) has been a part of: the [[Roman Empire]] (1st–4th century), the [[Byzantine Empire]] (4th–5th century; 5th–7th century; 11th–12th century), the [[Hun Empire]] (5th century), the [[Slavs|Slavic-controlled territories]] (7th–9th century), the [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]] (9th–11th century), the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] (12th–13th century; 14th century; 15th century; 16th century), the [[Stefan Dragutin|State of Serb king Stefan Dragutin]] (13th–14th century), the [[Serbian Empire]] (14th century), the [[Nikola Altomanović|State of Nikola Altomanović]] (14th century), the [[Moravian Serbia]] (14th century), the [[Serbian Despotate]] (15th century), the [[Ottoman Empire]] (15th century; 16th–18th century; 18th–19th century), the [[Habsburg monarchy]] (1718–39), the [[Karađorđe|Karađorđe's Serbia]] (1804–13), the vassal [[Principality of Serbia]] (1815–78), the independent [[Principality of Serbia]] (1878–82), the [[Kingdom of Serbia]] (1882–1918), the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] (1918–29), the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] (1929–1941), the [[Nedić's Serbia]] (1941–1944), the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] (1944–92), the [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] (1992–2003), and [[Serbia and Montenegro]] (2003–06). Since 2006, the region is part of independent [[Serbia]].
An autonomous region named [[Serbian Vojvodina]] was proclaimed in the [[May Assembly]], which was organized by local Serbs in 1848. Due to the advance of the Hungarian army in 1849 and disagreements between Serb leaders, the autonomous Serb region ceased to exist in 1849 and the remains of its army joined the Austrian imperial army. Later that year (1849), after the Austrian and Russian armies defeated the Hungarians, a separate Habsburg crownland named the [[Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar]] was formed. It existed from 1849 to 1860 and covered a larger territory than the original Serbian Vojvodina. After [[World War I]], in 1918, the Assembly of local Serbs, Bunjevci and other Slavs of Banat, Bačka and Baranja declared the secession of these regions from the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] and the creation of an administrative province named [[Banat, Bačka and Baranja]], which joined the Kingdom of Serbia. Its borders with newly independent Hungary were defined by the [[Treaty of Trianon]] (1920). In 1929 the region became a province of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia named [[Danube Banovina]]. From 1944 to 1945 until the breakup of Yugoslavia it was an autonomous province, of socialist Serbia and Yugoslavia. Together with Kosovo and Metohija, Vojvodina enjoyed highly autonomous status between 1974 and 1990.
==Early history==
[[File:Indo Europeans Vojvodina map.png|thumb|left|Ancient peoples ([[Illyrians]], [[Dacians]], [[Celts]], [[Sarmatians]], and others) in the territory of modern Vojvodina.]]
The territory of present-day Vojvodina has been inhabited since the [[Paleolithic]] period. [[Proto-Indo-Europeans|Indo-European]] peoples moved into this area during three migration waves, Before the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] conquest in the ==Romans==
The Romans conquered this region in the 1st century BC. Opposing Roman rule, the Illyrian tribes started an uprising in 6 AD. The leaders of this uprising were [[Baton of Pannonia|Baton]] and [[Pines of Pannonia|Pines]], the first named individuals known to be from the present-day Vojvodina territory. The [[Banat]] region was a part of the Roman province [[Dacia]], while the [[Syrmia]] region was part of the province [[Pannonia]].
[[Sirmium]] (today [[Sremska Mitrovica]]) was an important [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] town. It developed into the economic capital of Roman Pannonia and later became one of the four capital cities of the Roman Empire during the [[Tetrarchy]]. Six [[Roman Emperors]] were born in this city or in its surroundings: [[Decius|Decius Traian]] (249–251), [[Aurelian]] (270–275), [[Marcus Aurelius Probus|Probus]] (276–282), [[Maximian|Maximianus Herculius]] (285–310), [[Constantius II]] (337–361) and [[Gratian]] (367–383). These emperors mostly were Romanized Illyrians by origin.
Although the southern and eastern parts of present-day Vojvodina (Syrmia and Banat) were part of the Roman Empire, the north-western parts (Bačka) were inhabited and ruled by the [[Iazyges]], an Iranian tribe.
<gallery>
Image:Emperor Traianus Decius (Mary Harrsch).jpg|[[Decius|Traianus Decius]], Roman Emperor (249–251), born in the village of [[Budalia]] near [[Sirmium]].
Image:Roman cities Vojvodina.png|[[Banat]], as a part of the Roman province [[Dacia]]; [[Syrmia]], as a part of the Roman province [[Pannonia]]; and [[Bačka]] under Sarmatian rule.
Image:Prefecture_of_Illyricum_map.png|[[Sirmium]], capital of the [[Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum]] and one of 4 capitals of the [[Tetrarchy|Roman Empire]].
</gallery>
==Migrations==
The [[Huns]] drove the Romans out of Pannonia after A.D.
==Slavs==
[[File:Salan.png|thumb|left|250px|Voivodship (duchy) of [[Salan]], 9th century.]]
[[Slavs]] ([[Severians|Severans]], [[Abodrites]], [[Braničevci]], [[Timočani]], and [[Serbs]]) settled in the territory of present-day Vojvodina in the 6th and 7th centuries AD, but pockets of Romanized population remained in the area. Serbs were recorded in northern [[Banat]] from the year 567. In the beginning of the 9th century, Syrmia was for the short time part of the state of [[Ljudevit Posavski]] (Pannonian Duchy or Pannonian Croatia) and after the Frankish conquest of the region, the Bulgarian Empire conquered its eastern part.
In the
In the
==Kingdom of Hungary and medieval Serbs==
The [[Hungarians]] (or [[Magyars]]) arrived in the [[Pannonian Plain]] during the last decade of the
In the 13th century, the territory of present-day Vojvodina was divided into several counties: [[Bacs-Bodrog|Bač]] (Bacsensis) and [[Bacs-Bodrog|Bodrog]] (Bodrogiensis), both in the region of [[Bačka]], [[Szerém (former county)|Syrmia]] (Sirmiensis) and [[Vukovar]] (Vukovariensis), both in the region of [[Syrmia]], and [[Kovin]] (Covinum) in the region of [[Banat]].
===Kingdom of Syrmia===
[[File:StefanDragutin.jpg|thumb|left|[[Stefan Dragutin]], king of Syrmia (1282–1316).]]
Between 1282 and 1316 the [[Serbs|Serbian]] King [[Stefan Dragutin]] ruled the [[Realm of Stefan Dragutin|Kingdom of Syrmia]], which consisted of the north-western parts of present-day [[Central Serbia]] (including [[Mačva]], [[Braničevo District|Braničevo]], [[Podrinje]], etc.), south-western part of present-day Vojvodina (northern part of the region of Mačva),{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}} as well as [[Usora (Bosnia)|Usora]] and [[Soli (Bosnia)|Soli]] in present-day [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. His capital cities were [[Debrc]] (between [[Belgrade]] and [[Šabac]]) and [[Belgrade]]. At that time, the name ''Syrmia'' was a designation for two territories: ''Upper Syrmia'' (present-day [[Syrmia]]) and ''Lower Syrmia'' (present-day [[Mačva]]). The Kingdom of Syrmia under the rule of Stefan Dragutin was located in Lower Syrmia. Another local ruler, [[Ugrin Čak]], ruled over Upper Syrmia, [[Slavonija]], [[Bačka]] and [[Banat]], and his residence was in [[Ilok]]. At first, Stefan Dragutin was a vassal of the Hungarian king, but after the central power in the Kingdom of Hungary collapsed, both, Stefan Dragutin and Ugrin Čak became de facto independent rulers.{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}} Stefan Dragutin died in 1316, and was succeeded by his son, King [[Stefan Vladislav II|Vladislav II]] (1316–25), while Ugrin Čak died in 1311. Vladislav II was defeated by the king of Serbia, [[Stefan Dečanski]], in 1324, and after this, Lower Syrmia became a subject of dispute between the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Hungary. After the death of Ugrin Čak, Upper Syrmia, southern Bačka and south-western Banat were placed under authority of the Hungarian king.
===Serbian despots===
Though Serbs were part of the aboriginal Slavic population in the territory of present-day Vojvodina (especially in Syrmia), an increasing number of [[Serbs]] began settling from the 14th century onward. Serbian despots [[Stefan Lazarević]] and [[Đurađ Branković]] also had their personal possessions in the territory of present-day Vojvodina (and Pannonian part of present-day Belgrade), which included [[Zemun]], [[Stari Slankamen|Slankamen]], [[Kupinovo|Kupinik]], [[Sremska Mitrovica|Mitrovica]], [[Novi Bečej|Bečej]], and [[Zrenjanin|Veliki Bečkerek]], which were given to the despot Stefan Lazarević (who was a tertiary vassal or a majordomo of Sigismund) in 1404 by Hungarian king [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slankamen.org.yu/slankamen/ss.html |title=Sve o Slankamenu |website=www.slankamen.org.yu |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928082638/http://www.slankamen.org.yu/slankamen/ss.html |archive-date=28 September 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1417, [[Apatin]] is also mentioned among his personal possessions. Later in the 15th century, the Serbian despot Đurađ Branković became the single largest landowner in the Kingdom of Hungary, possessing estates as far afield in the Banat, Transylvania and the region around Debrecen. For that he received the title of baron in the [[Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages|Kingdom of Hungary]]. However, after Branković's dealings with the Turks were discovered in 1455 (leading among other things to Hunyadi's defeat at the battle of Kosovo), his estates were confiscated and placed under the stewardship of Hunyadi (who was acting regent at the time).
After the [[Ottoman Empire]] conquered [[Serbian Despotate]] (in
==Ottoman Empire, Jovan Nenad and Radoslav Čelnik== <!--Linked from [[Template:Serbian monarchs]]-->
[[
[[
The [[Ottoman Empire]] took control of the territory of present-day Vojvodina following the [[Battle of Mohács]] of 1526 and the conquest of [[Banat]] in 1552.<ref name="Samson">{{cite book |last1=Samson |first1=Jim |title=Music in the Balkans |date=2013 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004250383 |page=172 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yJ60SHL4R-0C&pg=PA172}}</ref> This turbulent period caused a massive depopulation of this region, with most of the [[Hungarians]] and Catholic [[Croats]] ([[Šokci]]) fled to the north, and were replaced by Serb and Muslim inhabitants.
Soon after the Battle of Mohács, [[Emperor Jovan Nenad|Jovan Nenad]], a leader of the Serb mercenaries, established his rule in [[Bačka]], northern [[Banat]] and a small part of [[Syrmia]].<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Maior |editor1-first=Liviu |editor2-last=Bocșan |editor2-first=Nicolae |editor3-last=Bolovan |editor3-first=Ioan |title=Granița Militară Austriacă |date=1994 |publisher=Editura, Glasul Bucovinei |isbn=9789739680028 |page=66}}</ref> He created an ephemeral independent state, with [[Subotica]] as its capital. At the pitch of his power, Jovan Nenad proclaimed himself Serbian Emperor in Subotica. Taking advantage of the extremely confused military and political situation, the Hungarian noblemen from the region joined forces against him and defeated the Serbian troops in the summer of 1527. Emperor Jovan Nenad was assassinated and his state collapsed.
After the assassination of Jovan Nenad, the general commander of his army, [[Radoslav Čelnik]], moved with part of the former emperor's army from Bačka to Syrmia, and acceded into the Ottoman service. Radoslav Čelnik then ruled over Syrmia as Ottoman vassal and took for himself the title of the duke of Syrmia, while his residence was in [[Stari Slankamen|Slankamen]].
During the Ottoman rule, most of the inhabitants of the territory of present-day Vojvodina region were Serbs.<ref name="Samson" /> During that time, villages were mostly populated with Serbs, while cities were mostly mixed with various [[Muslims|Muslim]] populations including islamized Serbs.{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}} [[Eyalet of Temeşvar]] (Turkish province) existed in [[Banat]] after 1552, while the [[Sanjak of Syrmia]] and the [[Sanjak of Segedin|Sanjak of Szeged]] existed in [[Syrmia]] and [[Bačka]]. In 1594 Serbs in [[Banat]] staged an uprising opposing Ottoman rule. This was one of three largest Serbian uprisings in history, and the largest before the [[First Serbian Uprising]] led by [[Karađorđe]].
==Habsburg Rule==
===Hungarian Crown Land (1699–1849)===
The [[Habsburg monarchy]] took control of the territory of present-day Vojvodina among other lands by the treaties of [[Treaty of Karlowitz|Karlovci]] (1699) and [[Treaty of Passarowitz|Požarevac]] (1718). The areas adjacent to the Ottoman territory (entire [[Syrmia]] and eastern [[Bačka]]) were incorporated into the [[Military Frontier]] (its [[Slavonia]]n, [[Tisza|Tisa]], and [[Danube]] sections), while western Bačka was incorporated into the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary. The [[Banat of Temeswar]] was established as a separate military province of the Habsburg monarchy in 1718, and remained under military administration until 1751, when [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]] introduced a civil administration. The Banat province was abolished in 1778. The southern part of the Banat remained inside the Military Frontier ([[Banat Krajina]]) until it was abolished in 1871. In 1745, northern Syrmia was incorporated into the [[Kingdom of Slavonia]], a Habsburg land, mainly inhabited by Serbs and Croats. (According to 1790 data, population of the Kingdom of Slavonia was composed of: [[Serbs]] (46.8%), [[Croats]] (45.7%), [[Hungarians]] (6.8%), etc.) The south-eastern parts of Syrmia remained within the Military Frontier.
The end of the Ottoman rule dramatically altered the demographic character of the territory of present-day Vojvodina region, as much of the ethnic Serb population had been decimated through warfare. The Muslim population also fled from the region and some of them found refugee in Ottoman Bosnia. The Serbian [[patriarch]], [[Arsenije III Čarnojević]], fearing the revenge of the Ottomans for the Serbian rebellion, immigrated in the last decade of the 17th century to the Habsburg monarchy with about 60–70,000 Serb refugees, but they mostly settled in the territory of what is now Republic of Hungary and only small part of them settled in western Bačka in present-day Vojvodina. However, because of this event, the [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Emperor]] promised religious freedom to all Serbs in the Habsburg Monarchy, as well as the right to elect their own "[[Voivode|voivod]]" (military and civil governor). Much of the territory of present-day Vojvodina where Serbs lived was incorporated into the Military Frontier.
[[File:Srpske privilegije 1732.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Serbian (Illyrian Nation) privileges in the Habsburg monarchy - a book from 1732. Serbs were a recognized nation in the Habsburg Monarchy.]]
The emperor also recognized Serbs as one of the official nations of the Habsburg monarchy and he recognized the right of Serbs to have territorial autonomy within one separate voivodship. This right, however, was not realized before the [[Revolutions of 1848|revolution in 1848–49]]. The immigration of Serbs to the Habsburg monarchy was maintained during the 18th century. In 1687, the northern parts of the region were settled by ethnic [[Bunjevci]].
During the [[Kurucs|Kuruc War]] (1703–11) of [[Francis II Rakoczi]], the territory of present-day Vojvodina was a battlefield between Hungarian rebels and local Serbs who fought on the side of the Habsburg Emperor. Serbs in [[Bačka]] suffered the greatest losses. Hungarian rebels burned Serbian villages and many Serbs were expelled from Bačka.{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}} [[Darvas]], the prime military commander of the Hungarian rebels, which fought against Serbs in Bačka, wrote: "We burned all large places of ''[[Raci (ethnonym)|Rascia]]'', on the both banks of the rivers [[Danube]] and [[Tisza|Tisa]]".
During the Habsburg rule many non-Serb colonists also settled in the territory of present-day Vojvodina. They were mainly ([[Catholic Germans|Catholic]]) [[Ethnic German|Germans]] and [[Magyar people|Hungarians]], but also [[Pannonian Rusyns|Ruthenians]], [[Slovaks]], [[Romanians]], and others. The ''Donauschwaben'', or [[Danube Swabians]] established many settlements in the area during the reign of [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]].
Because of this colonization, Serbs lost the absolute ethnic majority in the region,{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}} and territory of present-day Vojvodina became one of the most ethnically diverse regions of Europe. However, there was also some emigration from the territory of present-day Vojvodina: after the Tisa-Moriš section of the Military Frontier was abolished, many Serbs from the north-eastern parts of Bačka left this region and immigrated to Russia (notably to [[New Serbia (Russian province)|New Serbia]] and [[Slavo-Serbia]]) in 1752, and this region was then populated with new Hungarian settlers. Many Hungarians came after 1867,{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}} when the [[Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867|Austro-Hungarian Compromise]] was reached and Austria-Hungary as a dual monarchy was established. Serbs, however, remained the single largest ethnic group in the territory of present-day Vojvodina, until the second half of 20th century, when they became the absolute majority again.
"[[The long 19th century]]" (1789–1914) was marked by rapid population increase, prosperity, sustained economic development, expansion of the transportation infrastructure, and despite the birth of the various national and reform movements also of relatively peaceful inter-ethnic relations and the reconstruction of the educational system. It was a period of integration into Europe, both economically and spiritually.
Between the 16th and 19th centuries, territory of present-day Vojvodina was the cultural centre of the Serbian people. Especially important cultural centres were: [[Novi Sad]], [[Sremski Karlovci]], and the monasteries of [[Fruška Gora]]. In the first half of the 19th century, Novi Sad was the largest Serb city; in 1820 this city had about 20,000 inhabitants, of whom two-thirds were Serbs. Novi Sad had an elected mayor that was alternately German or Serb. The [[Matica Srpska]] moved to that town from [[Budapest]] in 1864. The Serbian [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasiums]] of [[Svetozar Marković Gymnasium, Novi Sad|Novi Sad]] and [[Karlovci Gymnasium|Sremski Karlovci]] were at the time considered to be among the best in the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary. Novi Sad has been referred to as "the Serb [[Athens]]" for this reason.
====Revolutions and Serbian autonomy====
[[File:The May Assembly 1848 in Sremski Karlovci.jpg|thumb|250px|Proclamation of Serbian Vojvodina in 1848 in Sremski Karlovci.]]
[[File:Vojvodina03.png|thumb|right|250px|Proclaimed borders of the [[Serbian Vojvodina|Serbian Voivodship]] in 1848.]]
Economical and cultural development was only interrupted by the [[Revolutions of 1848|Revolutions]] in 1848–49. The human and material losses in the [[Bačka]] and [[Banat]] regions were the greatest in the entire [[Austrian Empire]]. During the Revolution, the Hungarians demanded national rights and autonomy within the Austrian Empire. However, they did not recognize the national rights of other nationalities which lived in the Kingdom of Hungary at that time; according to data from 1842, only 38% of the inhabitants of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] were [[Magyars|Hungarians]], with the rest of the population being Slavs, Romanians, and Germans.
Wishing to express their national individuality and confronted with the new Hungarian authorities, [[Serbs]] declared the constitution of the ''[[Serbian Vojvodina|Serbian Voivodship]]'' (Serbian Duchy) at the May Assembly in [[Sremski Karlovci]] (May 13–15, 1848). The Serbian Voivodship consisted of [[Syrmia]], [[Bačka]], [[Banat]], and [[Baranya (region)|Baranja]] regions. The Serbs also formed a political alliance with the [[Croats]] "based on freedom and perfect equality". They also recognized the [[Romanians|Romanian]] nationality. The metropolitan of Sremski Karlovci, [[Josif Rajačić]], was elected [[patriarch]], while [[Stevan Šupljikac]] the first [[Voivode|voivod]] ([[duke]]). A National committee was formed as the new government of the ''Serbian Voivodship''. Instead of the old feudal regime a new reign was founded based on the national boards with the Head [[Serbian National Board]] presiding.
The Hungarian government replied by the use of force: on June 12, 1848, a war between Serbs and Hungarians started. Austria took the side of Hungary at first, demanding from the Serbs to "go back to being obedient". Serbs were aided by volunteers from [[Serbia]]. A consequence of this war, was the expansion of the conservative factions. Since the Austrian court turned against the Hungarians in the later stage of revolution, the feudal and clerical circles of the Voivodship formed an alliance with Austria and became a tool of the [[Vienna|Viennese]] government. Serbian troops from the Voivodship then joined the Habsburg army and helped in crushing the revolution in the Kingdom of Hungary. With the help of [[Imperial Russia]], the forces of reaction smothered the revolution in the summer of 1849, defeating all the national and social movements in the Habsburg Monarchy.
===Austrian Crown Land (1849–1860)===
After the defeat of the revolution, by a decision of the Austrian [[emperor]], in November 1849, a separate Austrian crown land known as the ''[[Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat]]'' was formed as the political successor of the Serbian Voivodship. The crown land consisted of the parts of [[Banat]], [[Bačka]] and [[Syrmia]] regions. An Austrian governor seated in [[Timișoara|Temeswar]] ruled the area, and the title of voivod (duke) belonged to the emperor himself. The full title of the emperor was "[[Grosswojwod|Grand Voivod]] of the Voivodship of Serbia" (German: ''Großwoiwode der Woiwodschaft Serbien''). Even after this crown land was abolished, the emperor kept this title until the end of the [[Habsburg monarchy]] in 1918. The Voivodship's two official languages became German and "Illyrian" (what would become [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]]), but in practice it was mainly German.
[[File:Militargrenze, Wojwodowena und Banat.jpg|450px|thumb|center|[[Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat]], surrounded in green (''Wojwodowina und Banat''), 1849–1860.]]
The ethnic composition of the Voivodship looked as follows:
Line 92 ⟶ 166:
*[[Ethnic German|Germans]] = 335,080
*[[Hungarians]] = 221,845
*[[Rusins|Rusyns]] = 39,914
*[[Slovaks]] = 25,607
*[[Bulgarians]] = 22,780
*[[Jews]] = 15,507
*[[
*[[Czechs]] = 7,530
*[[Greeks]] and [[Cincars]] = 2,820
The Voivodship was ethnically very mixed, since the southern parts of Syrmia, Banat and Bačka with compact Serb settlements were not included into it, while eastern Banat, with a Romanian majority was added to it. Some Serbs saw this as a divide and rule tactic by [[Habsburg
===Hungarian Crown Land (1860–1918)===
In 1860, the Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat was abolished and most of its territory (Banat and Bačka) was incorporated into the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary, although direct Hungarian rule began only in 1867, when the Kingdom of Hungary gained autonomy within the newly formed [[Austria-Hungary]]. Unlike Banat and Bačka, the Syrmia region was in 1860 incorporated into the [[Kingdom of Slavonia]], another separate Habsburg crown land. However, the Kingdom of Slavonia was too incorporated into the Kingdom of Hungary in 1868. By 1881, territory of the former Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat was administratively divided into five counties: [[Bács-Bodrog|Bačka-Bodrog]] (Bács-Bodrog), [[Szerém (former county)|Syrmia]] (Szerém), [[Torontál|Torontal]] (Torontál), [[Temes County|Tamiš]] (Temes), and [[Krassó-Szörény|Karaš-Severin]] (Krassó-Szörény). Syrmia county was part of the autonomous region [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia|Croatia-Slavonia]].
After the Voivodship was abolished, one Serb politician, [[Svetozar Miletić]], appeared in the political sphere. He demanded national rights for Serbs and other non-Hungarian peoples of the Kingdom of Hungary, but he was arrested and imprisoned because of his political demands.
During the second half of the 19th century the region's [[
==Serbia and Yugoslavia==
[[File:Banat backa baranja 01 map.png|thumb|250px|parts of Banat, Bačka and Baranja recognized as a territory of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes at a 1919–20 Paris Peace Conference.]]
[[File:Danube banovina.png|thumb|200px|[[Danube Banovina]] in 1931.]]
At the end of World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed. On October 29, 1918, Syrmia became a part of the newly formed [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]]. On October 31, 1918, the ''[[Banat Republic]]'' was proclaimed in [[Timișoara]], and the government of Hungary recognized its independence. This republic was short-lived; after several days, [[Serbia]]n troops entered [[Banat]] and crushed the Republic.
On
The [[Treaty of Versailles]] of 1919 and the [[Treaty of Trianon]] of 1920 defined the borders of the Kingdom with [[Romania]] and Hungary. Vojvodina itself was internationally recognized as part of the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] by the [[Treaty of Saint-Germain]] on September 10, 1919. According to these treaties, the Banat region was divided between Romania, Kingdom of SCS, and Hungary, while Bačka and Baranja were divided between the Kingdom of SCS and Hungary. These peace agreements would assign most Hungarian-inhabited and most Romanian-inhabited parts of [[Banat, Bačka and Baranja]] to Hungary and Romania respectively. In 1921, unsatisfied with the decision of the 1920 peace treaty to assign these territories to Hungary, the South Slavic population of Baranja and north-west Bačka proclaimed the short-lived [[Baranya-Baja Republic]].
Between 1929 and 1941, the region was known as the ''[[Danube Banovina]]'', a province of the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]. The capital city was [[Novi Sad]]. ''Danube Banovina'' consisted of [[Syrmia]], [[Bačka]], [[Banat]], [[Baranya (region)|Baranja]], [[Šumadija]], and [[Braničevo (region)|Braničevo]] regions. The population of this province was composed of: [[Serbs]] and [[Croats]] (56.9%), [[Hungarians]] (18.2%), [[Germans]] (16.3%), and others.
===World War II===
{{Main|Axis occupation of Vojvodina|Hungarian occupation of Baranja and Bačka, 1941–1944|1942 raid in Novi Sad|Communist purges in Serbia in 1944–1945}}
[[File:Zrtve racije01.jpg|thumb|250px|Monument in [[Novi Sad]] dedicated to Serb and Jewish civilians killed in 1942 raid.]]
The [[Axis Powers]] occupied the region between 1941 and 1944. Bačka and Baranja were attached to Horthy's Hungary, while Syrmia was attached to the [[Independent State of Croatia]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zakić |first1=Mirna |title=Ethnic Germans and National Socialism in Yugoslavia in World War II |date=2017 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781107171848 |pages=65–66 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v1xEDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA65}}</ref> A smaller ''Danube Banovina'' (including [[Banat (1941–1944)|Banat]], Šumadija, and Braničevo) existed as part of Serbia between 1941 and 1944. The administrative centre of this smaller province was [[Smederevo]]. Banat itself was a separate autonomous region ruled by its German minority. The occupying powers committed numerous crimes against the civilian population, especially against [[Serbs]], Jews and Roma; the Jewish population of Vojvodina was almost completely killed or deported. During the four years of occupation, about 50,000 people in Vojvodina were murdered, while more than 280,000 people were interned, arrested, violated or tortured. Most of them were civilians and were not members of the resistance movement. After the [[Red Army]] drove out the German and Hungarian armies from Vojvodina in the autumn of 1944, communist partisans engaged in reprisals against perceived opponents with Hungarians bearing the brunt of the atrocities.<ref name="Dreisziger">{{cite book |last1=Dreisziger |first1=Nandor |title=Church and Society in Hungary and in the Hungarian Diaspora |date=2016 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=9781442625280 |page=167 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qUcpDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA167}}</ref> Yugoslav records state that some 5,000 Hungarians lost their lives but Hungarian sources estimate deaths at between 20,000-40,000.<ref name="Dreisziger" /> All Hungarians were expelled from [[Žabalj]], [[Čurug]] and [[Mošorin]]. Most of the [[Expulsion of Germans after World War II|ethnic Germans were taken to concentration camps, and expelled]] from the country (Vojvodina included) after the end of the war.
===Post war period===
[[File:Vojvodina map02.png|thumb|250px|left|[[Vojvodina]] map.]]
The region was politically restored in 1944 (incorporating Syrmia, Banat, Bačka, and Baranja) and became an autonomous province of Serbia in 1945. Instead of the previous name (Danube Banovina), the region regained its historical name of Vojvodina, while its capital city remained [[Novi Sad]]. When the final borders of Vojvodina were defined, Baranja was assigned to Croatia, while the northern part of the Mačva region was assigned to Vojvodina.
At first, the province enjoyed only a small amount of autonomy within Serbia, but it gained extensive rights of self-rule under the 1974 constitution, which defined Vojvodina as one of the subjects of the Yugoslav federation, and also gave it voting rights equivalent to Serbia itself on the country's collective presidency.
Under the rule of Serbian president [[Slobodan Milošević]], Vojvodina and [[Kosovo]] lost most of their autonomy in September 1990. After this, the Vojvodina was no longer a subject of the Yugoslav federation, but again only the autonomous province of Serbia, with limited autonomy. The outbreak of the [[Yugoslav wars]] contributed to the increase of ethnic tensions, with many refugee [[Serbs]], [[Romani people|Romani]] and [[Ashkali]] who were driven from [[Croatia]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia]], and [[Kosovo]] being resettled in Vojvodina.
On May 13, 2000, [[Boško Perošević]], the President of the Provincial Executive Council of Vojvodina, was assassinated in Novi Sad by [[Milivoje Gutović]], a supposedly mentally ill security guard at an agricultural fair Perošević was opening that day.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} As Gutović was an alleged member of the anti-Milošević organization [[Otpor!]], it became a pretext for a government crackdown on the organization.
The fall of Milošević in 2000 created a new climate for reform in Vojvodina, with the province's ethnic minorities strongly supporting the new government in Belgrade. Following talks between the parties, the province was given increased autonomy by the [[omnibus law]] in 2002. Vojvodina adopted a new flag in 2004.
==See also==
*[[Vojvodina]]
*[[Demographic history of Vojvodina]]
*[[Rulers of Vojvodina]]
*[[Serbs of Vojvodina]]
*[[Raci (ethnonym)]]
*[[History of Serbia]]
*[[History of the Balkans]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
==Sources==
{{Refbegin|2}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Bocşan|first=Nicolae|author-link=Nicolae Bocșan|title=Illyrian privileges and the Romanians from the Banat|journal=Banatica|year=2015|volume=25|pages=243–258|url=http://banatica.ro/media/b25/243-258.pdf}}
* {{Cite book|last=Ćirković|first=Sima|author-link=Sima Ćirković|title=The Serbs|year=2004|___location=Malden|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|isbn=9781405142915|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Wc-DWRzoeIC}}
* {{Cite book|last=Đorđević|first=Miloš Z.|chapter=A Background to Serbian Culture and Education in the First Half of the 18th Century according to Serbian Historiographical Sources|title=Empires and Peninsulas: Southeastern Europe between Karlowitz and the Peace of Adrianople, 1699–1829|year=2010|___location=Berlin|publisher=LIT Verlag|pages=125–131|isbn=9783643106117|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cz7pbGvCqhwC}}
* {{Cite book|editor-last1=Fodor|editor-first1=Pál|editor-last2=Dávid|editor-first2=Géza|title=Ottomans, Hungarians, and Habsburgs in Central Europe: The Military Confines in the Era of Ottoman Conquest|year=2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V9vom-ZAElcC|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004119078}}
* {{Cite book|last=Fotić|first=Aleksandar|chapter=Serbian Orthodox Church|title=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire|year=2008|___location=New York|publisher=Infobase Publishing|pages=519–520|isbn=9781438110257|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QjzYdCxumFcC}}
*{{cite book|last=Ilić|first=Vladimir|title=Minorities and refugees in Vojvodina|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=osktAQAAIAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia|isbn=9788672080421}}
* {{Cite book|year=2011|editor-last1=Ingrao|editor-first1=Charles|editor-last2=Samardžić|editor-first2=Nikola|editor-last3=Pešalj|editor-first3=Jovan|title=The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718|___location=West Lafayette|publisher=Purdue University Press|isbn=9781557535948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3Sg_1wR4poC}}
*{{cite book|last=Ivić|first=Aleksa|title=Istorija srba u Vojvodini|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fFZpAAAAMAAJ|year=1929|publisher=Izdanje matice srpske}}
*{{cite book|last=Maletić|first=Mihailo|title=Vojvodina: Znamenitosti i lepote|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2EIKAQAAIAAJ|year=1968|publisher=Književne Novine}}
* {{Cite book|last=Pešalj|first=Jovan|chapter=Early 18th-Century Peacekeeping: How Habsburgs and Ottomans Resolved Several Border Disputes after Karlowitz|title=Empires and Peninsulas: Southeastern Europe between Karlowitz and the Peace of Adrianople, 1699–1829|year=2010|___location=Berlin|publisher=LIT Verlag|pages=29–42|isbn=9783643106117|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cz7pbGvCqhwC}}
* {{Cite book|last=Поповић|first=Душан Ј.|author-link=Dušan J. Popović|year=1950|title=Срби у Срему до 1736/7: Историја насеља и становништва|___location=Београд|publisher=Српска академија наука|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yIsSAAAAIAAJ}}
* {{Cite book|last=Поповић|first=Душан Ј.|author-link=Dušan J. Popović|year=1952|title=Срби у Бачкој до краја осамнаестог века: Историја насеља и становништва|___location=Београд|publisher=Научна књига|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wI8SAAAAIAAJ}}
* {{Cite book|last=Поповић|first=Душан Ј.|author-link=Dušan J. Popović|year=1954|title=Велика сеоба Срба 1690: Срби сељаци и племићи|___location=Београд|publisher=Српска књижевна задруга|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tXVMAAAAIAAJ}}
* {{Cite book|last=Поповић|first=Душан Ј.|author-link=Dušan J. Popović|year=1955|title=Срби у Банату до краја осамнаестог века: Историја насеља и становништва|___location=Београд|publisher=Научна књига|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MXmAvgAACAAJ}}
* {{Cite book|last=Поповић|first=Душан Ј.|author-link=Dušan J. Popović|year=1957|title=Срби у Војводини: Од најстаријих времена до Карловачког мира 1699|volume=1|___location=Нови Сад|publisher=Матица српска|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fVhpAAAAMAAJ}}
* {{Cite book|last=Поповић|first=Душан Ј.|author-link=Dušan J. Popović|year=1959|title=Срби у Војводини: Од Карловачког мира 1699 до Темишварског сабора 1790|volume=2|___location=Нови Сад|publisher=Матица српска|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Qo4AQAAIAAJ}}
* {{Cite book|last=Поповић|first=Душан Ј.|author-link=Dušan J. Popović|year=1963|title=Срби у Војводини: Оо Темишварског сабора 1790 до Благовештенског сабора 1861|volume=3|___location=Нови Сад|publisher=Матица српска|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AFppAAAAMAAJ}}
* {{Cite book|last=Radić|first=Radmila|chapter=Serbian Christianity|title=The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity|year=2007|___location=Malden, MA|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|pages=231–248|isbn=9780470766392|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fHtSuvaVAAoC}}
*{{cite book|last=Stanojević|first=Slobodan|title=Facts about the Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a4RpAAAAMAAJ|year=1979|publisher=Provincial Secretariat for Information}}
* {{Cite book|last=Todorović|first=Jelena|title=An Orthodox Festival Book in the Habsburg Empire: Zaharija Orfelin's Festive Greeting to Mojsej Putnik (1757)|year=2006|___location=Aldershot|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=9780754656111|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QS09ShbJ-vQC}}
*{{cite web|last=Trifunović|first=Stanko|title=Slovenska naselja V-VIII veka u Bačkoj i Banatu|year=1997|publisher=Muzej Vojvodine|___location=Novi Sad|url=http://www.rastko.rs/arheologija/strifunovic/strifun-naselja.html}}
*{{cite journal|journal=Гласник Етнографског музеја, књ. 41|year=1977|title=Миграциони процеси и етничка структура Војводине|author=Петар Влаховић|url=http://etnografskimuzej.rs/rs/o-muzeju/izdavastvo/periodika/gem-41/|access-date=June 27, 2015|archive-date=April 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428042548/http://etnografskimuzej.rs/rs/o-muzeju/izdavastvo/periodika/gem-41/|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite book|title=Vojvođani o Vojvodini: povodom desetogodišnjice oslobođenja i ujedinjenja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eH8aAAAAIAAJ|year=1928|publisher=Udruženje Vojvođana}}
{{Refend}}
==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060714051014/http://curug.rastko.net/karte/index.html History of Vojvodina (maps)]
*[[commons:Atlas of Vojvodina|Atlas – historical maps of Vojvodina (Wikimedia Commons)]]
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:History of Vojvodina}}
[[Category:History of Vojvodina| ]]
[[Category:History of Serbia by ___location|Vojvodina]]
[[Category:Rusyn history| ]]
| |||