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{{Short description|City in Hampshire, England}}
{{About|the city in Hampshire, England}}
{{Use British English|date = July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Southampton
| settlement_type = [[City status in the United Kingdom|City]] and<br> [[Unitary authorities of England|unitary authority area]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 260
| perrow = 1/2/2
| image1 = View across Ocean Village Marina (geograph 5432669).jpg
| alt1 = a harbour with tall buildings in the background
| caption1 = [[Ocean Village, Southampton|Ocean Village]] skyline
| image2 = Bargate 2021.JPG
| alt2 = Bargate
| caption2 = [[Bargate]]
| image3 = Southampton Guild Hall (geograph 5046854).jpg
| alt3 = Guildhall
| caption3 = [[Southampton Guildhall|Guildhall]]
| image4 = Arcades and western wall.jpg
| alt4 = Town walls
| caption4 = [[Southampton town walls|Town walls]]
| image5 = South Western House (geograph 5432663).jpg
| alt5 = South Western House
| width5 = 400
| caption5 = South Western House
}}
| image_caption =
| image_flag = Flag of Southampton.png
| flag_size = 150px
| image_blank_emblem = Southampton City Council.svg
| blank_emblem_type = Logo of the City Council
| blank_emblem_size = 110px
| nickname =
| motto = ''Gateway to the World''
| image_map = Southampton UK locator map.svg
| mapsize = 280px
| map_caption = Shown within Hampshire
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_relief =
| coordinates = {{Coord|50|54|09|N|01|24|15|W|region:GB_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Sovereign state
| subdivision_name = [[United Kingdom]]
| subdivision_type1 = {{nowrap|[[Countries of the United Kingdom|Country]]}}
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_type3 = {{nowrap|[[Ceremonial counties of England|Ceremonial county]]}}
| subdivision_name1 = [[England]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[South East England]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Hampshire]]
| established_title = Settled
| established_date = c. AD 43
| established_title2 = City status
| established_date2 = 1964
| established_title3 = Unitary authority
| established_date3 = 1997
| government_footnotes =
| government_type = [[Unitary authority]], [[City status in the United Kingdom|city]]
| leader_title = Governing body
| leader_name = [[Southampton City Council]]
| leader_title1 = [[Local government in England#Councillors and mayors|Leadership]]
| leader_name1 = Leader & cabinet
| leader_title2 = [[Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom|Council control]]
| leader_name2 = [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]
| leader_title3 = [[List of MPs elected in the 2019 United Kingdom general election|Members of Parliament]]
| leader_name3 = {{ubl|[[Caroline Nokes]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]|[[Darren Paffey]] [[Labour Party (UK)|(L)]]|[[Satvir Kaur]] [[Labour Party (UK)|(L)]]}}
| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_urban_km2 = 72.8
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft =
| population_total = 269,781
| population_as_of = 2018
| population_est = 252,400 (Council area)
| pop_est_as_of = 2017
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2011 Census Data"/><ref name="SCC 2016 pop est"/>
| population_density_km2 = {{English district density|GSS=E06000045}}
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_urban = 855,569
| population_metro = 1,547,000 ([[South Hampshire]])<ref name="espon">{{cite web |url=http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf |title=British urban pattern: population data |access-date=14 May 2011 |date=March 2007 |pages=120–121 |work=ESPON project 1.4.3 Study on Urban Functions |publisher=European Union – European Spatial Planning Observation Network |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924002318/http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref>
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| population_density_metro_sq_mi = <!-- demographics (section 1) -->
| demographics_type1 = Ethnicity <span style="font-weight:normal;">([[2021 United Kingdom census|2021]])</span>
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name="2021 Nomis">{{NOMIS2021|id=E06000045|title=Southampton Local Authority|access-date=5 January 2024}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = [[Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom|Ethnic groups]]
| demographics1_info1 = {{Collapsible list
| 80.7% [[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]
| 10.6% [[British Asians|Asian]]
| 3.3% [[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed]]
| 3% [[Black British people|Black]]
| 2.3% [[Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom|other]]
}}
<!-- demographics (section 2) -->| demographics_type2 = Religion <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span>
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="2021 Nomis"/>
| demographics2_title1 = [[Religion in England|Religion]]
| demographics2_info1 = {{Collapsible list
| 43.4% [[Irreligion in the United Kingdom|no religion]]
| 40.1% [[Religion in England#Christianity|Christianity]]
| 6.6% not stated
| 5.6% [[Islam in England|Islam]]
| 1.7% [[Sikhism in England|Sikhism]]
| 1.3% [[Hinduism in England|Hinduism]]
| 0.7% [[Religion in England|other]]
| 0.5% [[Buddhism in England|Buddhism]]
| 0.1% [[History of the Jews in England|Judaism]]
}}
| population_density_blank2_km2 =
| population_density_blank2_sq_mi =
| population_demonym = Sotonian
| population_note =
| timezone = [[Greenwich Mean Time]]
| utc_offset = +0
| timezone_DST = [[British Summer Time]]
| utc_offset_DST = +1
| postal_code_type = [[UK postcodes|Postcode span]]
| postal_code = [[SO postcode area|SO]]
| area_code = 023 8
| iso_code = GB-STH
| blank_name_sec1 = GDP
| blank_info_sec1 = [[American dollar|US$]] 51.6 billion<ref name="brookingsgdp">{{cite web |url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |title=Global city GDP 2014 |publisher=Brookings Institution |access-date=18 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605135349/http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |archive-date=5 June 2013}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1 = GDP per capita
| blank1_info_sec1 = US$ 37,832<ref name="brookingsgdp"/>
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Gross Value Added|GVA]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = 2013
| blank3_name_sec1 = • Total
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[GBP|£]]9.7 bn ($15.7 bn) ([[List of UK cities by GVA|12th]])
| blank4_name_sec1 = • Growth
| blank4_info_sec1 = {{increase}} 2.6%
| blank5_name_sec1 = • Per capita
| blank5_info_sec1 = £21,400 ($34,300) ([[List of UK cities by GVA|15th]])
| blank6_name_sec1 = • Growth
| blank6_info_sec1 = {{increase}} 0.6%
| blank_name_sec2 = [[British national grid reference system|Grid ref.]]
| blank_info_sec2 = {{gbmaprim|SU4211|SU 42 11}}
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[ONS coding system|ONS code]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = 00MS (ONS)<br />E06000045 (GSS)
| blank4_name_sec2 = Police
| blank4_info_sec2 = [[Hampshire and Isle of Wight Constabulary|Hampshire and Isle of Wight]]
| blank5_name_sec2 = Ambulance
| blank5_info_sec2 = [[South Central Ambulance Service|South Central]]
| blank6_name_sec2 = Fire
| blank6_info_sec2 = [[Hampshire and Isle of Wight Fire and Rescue Service|Hampshire and Isle of Wight]]
| website = {{URL|https://southampton.gov.uk}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Southampton'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|s|aʊ|θ|ˈ|(|h|)|æ|m|p|t|ən|audio=en-uk-Southampton.ogg}}}} is a [[port]] [[City status in the United Kingdom|city]] and [[unitary authority]] in [[Hampshire]], England. It is located approximately {{convert|80|mi|km}} southwest of [[London]], {{convert|20|mi|km}} west of [[Portsmouth]], and {{convert|20|mi|km}} southeast of [[Salisbury]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/UK_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=London,+UK&toplace=Southampton,+UK&dt1=ChIJdd4hrwug2EcRmSrV3Vo6llI&dt2=ChIJCSkVvleJc0gR8HHaTGpajKc |title=Distance between London, UK and Southampton, UK (UK) |website=distancecalculator.globefeed.com |access-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015209/https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/UK_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=London,+UK&toplace=Southampton,+UK&dt1=ChIJdd4hrwug2EcRmSrV3Vo6llI&dt2=ChIJCSkVvleJc0gR8HHaTGpajKc |archive-date=7 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/UK_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Southampton,+UK&toplace=Portsmouth,+UK&dt1=ChIJCSkVvleJc0gR8HHaTGpajKc&dt2=ChIJ6fEUGKRCdEgReTs3A-qDtkU |title=Distance between Southampton, UK and Portsmouth, UK (UK) |website=distancecalculator.globefeed.com |access-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207072229/https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/UK_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Southampton,+UK&toplace=Portsmouth,+UK&dt1=ChIJCSkVvleJc0gR8HHaTGpajKc&dt2=ChIJ6fEUGKRCdEgReTs3A-qDtkU |archive-date=7 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Southampton had a population of 253,651 at the 2011 census, making it one of the most populous cities in southern England.<ref name="2011 Census Data"/>
Southampton forms part of the larger [[South Hampshire]] [[conurbation]] which includes the city of [[Portsmouth]] and the boroughs of [[Borough of Havant|Havant]], [[Borough of Eastleigh|Eastleigh]], [[Borough of Fareham|Fareham]] and [[Gosport]]. A major port,<ref>{{citation |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/762200/port-freight-statistics-2017.pdf |access-date=30 May 2019 |title=UK Port Statistics: 2017 |date=22 August 2018 |author=Department for Transport |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604043341/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/762200/port-freight-statistics-2017.pdf |archive-date=4 June 2019 |url-status=live|author-link=Department for Transport}}, puts Southampton third (by tonnage) after [[Port of Immingham|Grimsby and Immingham]] and the [[Port of London]]</ref> and close to the [[New Forest]], Southampton lies at the northernmost point of [[Southampton Water]], at the confluence of the [[River Test]] and [[River Itchen, Hampshire|Itchen]],<ref name="britannica.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Southampton-England |access-date=27 September 2017 |author=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Southampton |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928010328/https://www.britannica.com/place/Southampton-England |archive-date=28 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> with the [[River Hamble]] joining to the south. Southampton is classified as a Medium-Port City.<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1080/03088839.2020.1802785 | title=The Southampton system: A new universal standard approach for port-city classification | year=2021 | last1=Roberts | first1=Toby | last2=Williams | first2=Ian | last3=Preston | first3=John | journal=Maritime Policy & Management | volume=48 | issue=4 | pages=530–542 | s2cid=225502755 | doi-access=free }}</ref>
Southampton was the departure point for the {{RMS|Titanic}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://seacitymuseum.co.uk/titanic-story |access-date=27 September 2017 |author=Southampton City Council |title=Southampton's Titanic Story |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928060224/https://seacitymuseum.co.uk/titanic-story |archive-date=28 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> and home to 500 of the people who perished on board.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/heritage/titanic/crew/ |title=Titanic | Crew from Southampton |website=www.dailyecho.co.uk |access-date=21 July 2021 |archive-date=21 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721144158/https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/heritage/titanic/crew/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Supermarine Spitfire|Spitfire]] was built in the city<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.solentskymuseum.org |title=Solent Sky | Southampton | Spitfire Legend |access-date=27 September 2017 |author=Solent Sky Museum |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928005810/http://www.solentskymuseum.org/ |archive-date=28 September 2017 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> and Southampton has a strong association with the ''[[Mayflower]]'', being the departure point before the vessel was forced to return to [[Plymouth]]. In the past century the city was one of Europe's main ports for [[ocean liner]]s. More recently, Southampton is known as the home port of some of the largest cruise ships in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/hampshire/content/articles/2006/03/07/shipspotting_feature.shtml |date=8 June 2008 |access-date=19 October 2009 |author=BBC Online |title=Solent Ship Spotting |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001102620/http://www.bbc.co.uk/hampshire/content/articles/2006/03/07/shipspotting_feature.shtml |archive-date=1 October 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Cunard Line]] maintains a regular transatlantic service to [[New York City|New York]] from the city. Southampton is also one of the largest retail destinations in the South of England.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/805494/leading-retail-centers-by-retail-spend-potential-great-britain/ |accessdate=21 July 2021 |title=Leading 20 retail centers in Great Britain |archive-date=21 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721143856/https://www.statista.com/statistics/805494/leading-retail-centers-by-retail-spend-potential-great-britain/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Southampton was heavily bombed during the [[Second World War]] during what was known as the [[Southampton Blitz]]. It was one of the major embarkation points for [[D-Day]]. In the [[Middle Ages]] Southampton was where troops left England for the [[Battle of Agincourt]]. It was itself raided by French pirates, leading to the construction of the fortified [[Southampton town walls|town walls]], many of which still stand today. [[Jane Austen]] also lived in Southampton for a number of years. In 1964, the town of Southampton acquired [[city status in the United Kingdom|city status]], becoming the City of Southampton.<ref name=Rance/>
Some notable employers in the city include the [[University of Southampton]], [[Ordnance Survey]], [[BBC South]], [[Associated British Ports]], and [[Carnival UK]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/3986608.Key_development_completed_two_months_early/ |title=Carnival UK HQ completed ahead of schedule |first=Gareth |last=Lewis |date=18 December 2008 |newspaper=Daily Echo |access-date=28 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829035034/http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/3986608.Key_development_completed_two_months_early/ |archive-date=29 August 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
==History==
{{Main|History of Southampton|Timeline of Southampton}}
===Pre-Norman===
Archaeological finds suggest that the area has been inhabited since the [[Stone Age]].<ref name=MusArch>Southampton Museum of Archeology. God's House Tower, Southampton.</ref> Following the [[Roman conquest of Britain|Roman invasion]] of Britain in AD 43 and the conquering of the local Britons in AD 70 the fortress settlement of ''[[Clausentum]]'' was established. It was an important trading port and defensive outpost of [[Winchester]], at the site of modern [[Bitterne Manor]]. ''Clausentum'' was defended by a wall and two ditches and is thought to have contained a bath house.<ref>Southampton Through the Ages: A Short History by Elsie M. Sandell (revised 1980)</ref> ''Clausentum'' was not [[End of Roman rule in Britain|abandoned]] until around 410.<ref name=MusArch/>
The [[Anglo-Saxons]] formed a new, larger, settlement across the [[River Itchen, Hampshire|Itchen]] centred on what is now the [[St Mary's, Southampton|St Mary's]] area of the city. The settlement was known as ''Hamwic'',<ref name=MusArch/> which evolved into ''Hamtun'' and then ''Hampton''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba66/feat3.shtml |access-date=19 October 2009 |date=August 2002 |author=British Archaeology Magazine |title=Great Sites: Hamwic |quote=Hamwic, which is described as a commercial port (mercimonium). Hamwic (also known as Hamtun) must have possessed considerable administrative importance as by the middle of the 8th century it had given its name to the shire – Hamtunscire. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722084011/http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba66/feat3.shtml |archive-date=22 July 2009}}</ref> Archaeological excavations of this site have uncovered one of the best collections of Saxon artefacts in Europe.<ref name=MusArch/> It is from this town that the county of Hampshire gets its name.
[[Vikings|Viking]] raids from 840 onwards contributed to the decline of Hamwic in the 9th century,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/s-leisure/artsheritage/museums-galleries/ghtower-museumofarchaeology/saxon.aspx |access-date=19 October 2009 |author=Southampton City Council |title=Saxon Southampton |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102011325/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/s-leisure/artsheritage/museums-galleries/ghtower-museumofarchaeology/saxon.aspx |archive-date=2 January 2011}}</ref> and by the 10th century a fortified settlement, which became medieval Southampton, had been established.<ref name="sotongovmedieval">{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/s-leisure/artsheritage/museums-galleries/ghtower-museumofarchaeology/medieval.aspx |access-date=19 October 2009 |author=Southampton City Council |title=Medieval Southampton |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102011225/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/s-leisure/artsheritage/museums-galleries/ghtower-museumofarchaeology/medieval.aspx |archive-date=2 January 2011}}</ref>
===11th–13th centuries===
Following the [[Norman Conquest]] in 1066, Southampton became the major port of transit between the then capital of England, Winchester, and [[Normandy]]. [[Southampton Castle]] was built in the 12th century<ref name="Rance"/> and surviving remains of 12th-century merchants' houses such as ''King John's House'' and ''Canute's Palace'' are evidence of the wealth that existed in the town at this time.<ref name="RancePP34">{{cite book |last=Rance |first=Adrian |title=Southampton. An Illustrated History. |year=1986 |isbn=0-903852-95-0 |page=34|publisher=Milestone }}</ref> By the 13th century Southampton had become a leading port, particularly involved in the import of French wine<ref name="sotongovmedieval"/> in exchange for English cloth and [[wool]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba66/feat3.shtml |access-date=19 October 2009 |date=August 2002 |author=British Archaeology Magazine |title=Great Sites: Hamwic |quote=The economic motor driving trade [was] larger-scale trade in relatively low value commodities such as wool, timber and quernstones |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722084011/http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba66/feat3.shtml |archive-date=22 July 2009}}</ref>
The [[Franciscan friary in Southampton]] was founded circa 1233.<ref name="Ruddock">Alwyn A. Ruddock, The Greyfriars in Southampton, Papers & Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club & Archaeological Society, 16:2 (1946), pp. 137–47</ref> The friars constructed a water supply system in 1290, which carried water from Conduit Head (remnants of which survive near Hill Lane, [[Shirley, Southampton|Shirley]]) some {{cvt|1.7|km|1|order=flip}} to the site of the friary inside the town walls.<ref name="Davies">Rev. J. Silvester Davies, A History of Southampton Partly From the Ms. Of Dr Speed In The Southampton Archives, 1883, pp. 114–19</ref>{{Verify source|date=October 2016}} Further remains can be observed at Conduit House on Commercial Road. The friars granted use of the water to the town in 1310.<ref name="Davies"/>
===14th century===
Between 1327 and 1330, the King and Council received a petition from the people of Southampton. The community of Southampton claimed that Robert Batail of Winchelsea and other men of the [[Cinque Ports]] came to Southampton under the pretence that they were a part of [[Thomas of Lancaster]]'s rebellion against [[Edward II]]. The community thought that they were in conspiracy with [[Hugh le Despenser the Younger]]. The petition states that, the supposed rebels in the [[Despenser War]] 'came to Southampton harbour, and burnt their ships, and their goods, chattels and merchandise which was in them, and carried off other goods, chattels and merchandise of theirs found there, and took some of the ships with them, to a loss to them of £8000 and more.'<ref>The National Archives, SC 8/17/833, Petitioners: People of Southampton. Addressees: King and council.</ref> For their petition to the King somewhere after 1321 and before 1327 earned some of the people of Southampton a prison sentence at [[Portchester Castle]], possibly for insinuating the king's advisor Hugh le Despenser the Younger acted in conspiracy with the Cinque Port men to damage Southampton, a flourishing port in the fourteenth century. When King [[Edward III]] came to the throne, this petition was given to the king and his mother, [[Isabella of France|Queen Isabella]], who was in charge of the town, and the country at this stage likely organised the [[writ of trespass]] that took any guilt away from the community at Southampton.
[[File:Southampton - mur medieval 02.JPG|thumb|Part of Southampton's Town Walls]]
[[English Channel naval campaign, 1338-1339|The town was sacked in 1338]] by French, Genoese and Monegasque ships (under [[Charles I, Lord of Monaco|Charles Grimaldi]], who used the plunder to help found the [[principality]] of [[Monaco]]).<ref name="internetarchive">{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/stream/monacomontecarlo00smit/monacomontecarlo00smit_djvu.txt |access-date=19 October 2009 |author=Internet Archive |title=Monaco and Monte Carlo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914032049/http://www.archive.org/stream/monacomontecarlo00smit/monacomontecarlo00smit_djvu.txt |archive-date=14 September 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> On visiting Southampton in 1339, [[Edward III]] ordered that [[Southampton town walls|walls]] be built to "close the town". The extensive rebuilding — part of the walls dates from 1175 — culminated in the completion of the western walls in 1380.<ref name="bbc">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/alabaster/A337141 |access-date=19 October 2009 |author=BBC Online |title=Southampton Town Walls and Castle |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050323184621/http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/alabaster/A337141 |archive-date=23 March 2005 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="sotongovtower">{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/s-leisure/artsheritage/museums-galleries/ghtower-museumofarchaeology/history.aspx |access-date=19 October 2009 |author=Southampton City Council |title=God's House Tower: A History of the Museum |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805150008/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/s-leisure/artsheritage/museums-galleries/ghtower-museumofarchaeology/history.aspx |archive-date=5 August 2012}}</ref> Roughly half of the walls, 13 of the original towers, and six gates survive.<ref name="bbc"/>
In 1348, the [[Black Death]] reached England via merchant vessels calling at Southampton.<ref name="RancePP45">{{cite book |last=Rance |first=Adrian |title=Southampton. An Illustrated History |year=1986 |isbn=0-903852-95-0 |page=45|publisher=Milestone }}</ref>
===15th century===
Prior to King Henry's departure for the [[Battle of Agincourt]] in 1415, the ringleaders of the "[[Southampton Plot]]"—[[Richard, Earl of Cambridge]], [[Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham]], and Sir [[Thomas Grey (1384-1415)|Thomas Grey of Heton]]—were accused of high treason and tried at what is now the [[Red Lion Inn, Southampton|Red Lion]] public house in the High Street.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/features/hants_facts/2165774.Red_Lion_plot/ |title=Red Lion Plot |date=2 April 2008 |access-date=19 October 2009 |author=Southern Daily Echo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018233536/http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/features/hants_facts/2165774.Red_Lion_plot/ |archive-date=18 October 2012}}</ref>{{dubious|date=May 2023}} They were found guilty and summarily executed outside the [[Bargate]].<ref name="RancePP48">{{cite book |title=Southampton. An Illustrated History |last=Rance |first=Adrian |year=1986 |isbn=0-903852-95-0 |page=48|publisher=Milestone }}</ref>
The city walls include [[God's House Tower]], built in 1417, the first purpose-built artillery fortification in England.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.culture24.org.uk/se000276 |access-date=19 October 2009 |website=Culture24 |title=God's House Tower Museum of Archaeology, Southampton |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120726033016/http://www.culture24.org.uk/se000276 |archive-date=26 July 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Over the years it has been used as home to the city's gunner, the Town Gaol and even as storage for the Southampton Harbour Board.<ref name="sotongovtower"/> Until September 2011, it housed the Museum of Archaeology.<ref>{{cite web |title=Museum of archaeology (God's House Tower) |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/s-leisure/artsheritage/museums-galleries/ghtower-museumofarchaeology/ |publisher=Southampton City Council |access-date=6 May 2012 |date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712182921/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/s-leisure/artsheritage/museums-galleries/ghtower-museumofarchaeology/ |archive-date=12 July 2012}}</ref> The walls were completed in the 15th century,<ref name="sotongovmedieval"/> but later development of several new fortifications along Southampton Water and [[the Solent]] by [[Henry VIII]] meant that Southampton was no longer dependent upon its own fortifications.<ref name="RancePP59">{{cite book |last=Rance |first=Adrian |title=Southampton. An Illustrated History |year=1986 |isbn=0-903852-95-0 |page=59|publisher=Milestone }}</ref>
During the [[Middle Ages]], [[shipbuilding]] had become an important industry for the town. [[Henry V of England|Henry V]]'s famous warship [[Grace Dieu (ship)|''Grace Dieu'']] was built in Southampton and launched in 1418.<ref name="Rance">{{cite book |last=Rance |first=Adrian |title=Southampton. An Illustrated History |year=1986 |publisher=Milestone |isbn=0-903852-95-0}}</ref>
The friars passed on ownership of the water supply system itself to the town in 1420.<ref name="Davies"/>
On the other hand, many of the medieval buildings once situated within the town walls are now in ruins or have disappeared altogether. From successive incarnations of the motte and bailey castle, only a section of the bailey wall remains today, lying just off Castle Way.<ref name="Stone">Percy G. Stone, A Vanished Castle, Papers & Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club & Archaeological Society, 12:3 (1934), pp. 241–70.</ref>
In 1447 [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] granted Southampton a charter which made it a county of itself, separate for most purposes from the county of Hampshire. The town was granted its own [[sheriff]], which it retains to this day.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=The borough of Southampton: General historical account Pages 490–524 A History of the County of Hampshire: Volume 3. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 1908. |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/hants/vol3/pp490-524#p210 |website=British History Online |access-date=16 June 2020 |archive-date=16 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616140656/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/hants/vol3/pp490-524#p210 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===16th–18th centuries===
The friary was dissolved in 1538 but its ruins remained until they were swept away in the 1940s.<ref name="Ruddock"/>
The port was the point of departure for the [[Pilgrim Fathers]] aboard ''[[Mayflower]]'' in 1620.<ref name="bbc"/> In 1642, during the [[English Civil War]], a Parliamentary garrison moved into Southampton.<ref name="RancePP71">{{cite book |last=Rance |first=Adrian |title=Southampton. An Illustrated History |year=1986 |isbn=0-903852-95-0 |pages=71–72|publisher=Milestone }}</ref> The Royalists advanced as far as [[Redbridge, Southampton|Redbridge]] in March 1644 but were prevented from taking the town.<ref name="RancePP71"/>
Southampton became a spa town in 1740.<ref name=RancePP78>{{cite book |last=Rance |first=Adrian |title=Southampton. An Illustrated History |year=1986 |isbn=0-903852-95-0 |pages=78–79|publisher=Milestone }}</ref> It had also become a popular site for sea bathing by the 1760s, despite the lack of a good quality beach.<ref name=RancePP78/> Innovative buildings specifically for this purpose were built at West Quay, with baths that were filled and emptied by the flow of the tide.<ref name=RancePP78/> Southampton engineer [[Walter Taylor (Southampton)|Walter Taylor]]'s 18th-century mechanisation of the [[block (sailing)|block]]-making process was a significant step in the [[Industrial Revolution]].<ref name="RancePP95">{{cite book |last=Rance |first=Adrian |title=Southampton. An Illustrated History |year=1986 |isbn=0-903852-95-0 |pages=95–97|publisher=Milestone }}</ref> The port was used for military embarkation, including during 18th-century wars with the French.<ref name=RancePP92>{{cite book |last=Rance |first=Adrian |title=Southampton. An Illustrated History |year=1986 |isbn=0-903852-95-0 |page=92|publisher=Milestone }}</ref>
===19th century===
The town experienced major expansion during the [[Victorian era]].<ref name=Rance/> The Southampton Docks company had been formed in 1835.<ref name=Rance/> In October 1838 the foundation stone of the docks was laid<ref name=Rance/> and the first dock opened in 1842.<ref name=Rance/> The structural and economic development of docks continued for the next few decades.<ref name=Rance/> The railway link to London was fully opened in May 1840.<ref name=Rance/> Southampton subsequently became known as ''The Gateway to the Empire''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/s-leisure/artsheritage/museums-galleries/ghtower-museumofarchaeology/postmedievalsouthampton.aspx |access-date=19 October 2009 |author=Southampton City Council |title=Post-Medieval Southampton |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102011122/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/s-leisure/artsheritage/museums-galleries/ghtower-museumofarchaeology/postmedievalsouthampton.aspx |archive-date=2 January 2011}}</ref>
In his 1854 book ''The Cruise of the Steam Yacht North Star'' John Choules described Southampton thus: "I hardly know a town that can show a more beautiful Main Street than Southampton, except it be Oxford. The High Street opens from the quay, and under various names it winds in a gently sweeping line for one mile and a half, and is of very handsome width. The variety of style and color of material in the buildings affords an exhibition of outline, light and colour, that I think is seldom equalled. The shops are very elegant, and the streets are kept exceedingly clean."
The port was used for military embarkation, including the [[Crimean War]]<ref name=RancePP120>{{cite book |last=Rance |first=Adrian |title=Southampton. An Illustrated History |year=1986 |isbn=0-903852-95-0 |page=120|publisher=Milestone }}</ref> and the [[Boer War]].<ref name=RancePP138>{{cite book |last=Rance |first=Adrian |title=Southampton. An Illustrated History |year=1986 |isbn=0-903852-95-0 |page=138|publisher=Milestone }}</ref>
A new pier, with ten landing stages, was opened by the [[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn|Duke of Connaught]] on 2 June 1892.<ref name="auto"/> The [[Grand Theatre, Southampton|Grand Theatre]] opened in 1898. It was demolished in 1960.<ref>"[http://sotonopedia.wikidot.com/page-browse:grand-theatre Grand Theatre]", Sotonopedia.</ref>
===20th century===
[[File:Titanic Engineers' Memorial, Southampton.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Titanic Engineers' Memorial, Southampton|memorial]] to the engineers of the {{RMS|Titanic}}]]
From 1904 to 2004, the [[John I. Thornycroft & Company|Thornycroft]] shipbuilding yard was a major employer in Southampton,<ref name="Rance"/> building and repairing ships used in the two World Wars.<ref name="Rance"/> In 1912, the {{RMS|Titanic}} sailed from Southampton. 497 men (four in five of the crew on board the vessel) were Sotonians,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.titanic-titanic.com/southampton.shtml |access-date=19 October 2009 |website=Titanic-Titanic.com |title=Southampton and Titanic |date= 12 June 2019 |first1=Kane |last1=Dane |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805204138/http://www.titanic-titanic.com/southampton.shtml |archive-date=5 August 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> with about a third of those who perished in the tragedy hailing from the city.<ref name="bbc"/> Today, visitors can see the [[Titanic Engineers' Memorial, Southampton|Titanic Engineers' Memorial]] in East Park, built in 1914, dedicated to the ship's engineers who died on board. Nearby is another Titanic memorial, commemorating the ship's musicians.
Southampton subsequently became the home port for the transatlantic passenger services operated by [[Cunard Line|Cunard]] with their [[Blue Riband]] liner {{RMS|Queen Mary}} and her running mate {{RMS|Queen Elizabeth}}. In 1938, Southampton docks also became home to the [[flying boat]]s of [[Imperial Airways]].<ref name="Rance"/> [[Southampton Container Terminals]] first opened in 1968<ref name="Rance"/> and has continued to expand.
[[File:Air Raid Precautions, 1940 HU104527.jpg|thumb|Home Secretary [[John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley|John Anderson]] with members of the Auxiliary Fire Service in Southampton in February 1940]]
[[File:The Civilian Evacuation Scheme during the Second World War HU36233.jpg|thumb|Evacuee children returning to Southampton from [[Australia]] aboard the troop ship {{RMS|Andes|1939|2}} in September 1945]]
Southampton was designated No. 1 Military Embarkation port during [[World War I]]<ref name=Rance/> and became a major centre for treating the returning wounded and [[POWs]].<ref name=Rance/> It was also central to the preparations for the [[Invasion of Europe]] during [[World War II]] in 1944.<ref name=Rance/>
The [[Supermarine Spitfire]] was designed and developed in Southampton, evolving from the [[Schneider trophy]]-winning [[seaplanes]] of the 1920s and 1930s. Its designer, [[R. J. Mitchell]], lived in the [[Portswood]] area of Southampton, and his house is today marked with a blue plaque.<ref>A History of Portswood, 2003, Book, P.Wilson</ref> Heavy bombing of the [[Woolston, Southampton|Woolston]] factory in September 1940 destroyed it as well as homes in the vicinity, killing civilians and workers. World War II hit Southampton particularly hard because of its strategic importance as a major commercial port and industrial area. Prior to the [[Invasion of Europe]], components for a [[Mulberry harbour]] were built here.<ref name=Rance/> After [[D-Day]], Southampton docks handled military cargo to help keep the Allied forces supplied,<ref name=Rance/> making it a key target of Luftwaffe bombing raids until late 1944.<ref name=RancePP169>{{cite book |last=Rance |first=Adrian |title=Southampton. An Illustrated History |year=1986 |isbn=0-903852-95-0 |page=169|publisher=Milestone }}</ref>
Some 630 people died as a result of the [[Southampton Blitz|air raids on Southampton]] and nearly 2,000 more were injured, not to mention the thousands of buildings damaged or destroyed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.plimsoll.org/Southampton/Southamptonatwar/southamptonsblitz/default.asp |title=The War over Southampton – PortCities Southampton |publisher=Plimsoll.org |date=6 November 1940 |access-date=3 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110618065303/http://www.plimsoll.org/Southampton/Southamptonatwar/southamptonsblitz/default.asp |archive-date=18 June 2011 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> Pockets of Georgian architecture survived the war, but much of the city was levelled. There has been extensive redevelopment since World War II.<ref name=Rance/> Increasing traffic congestion in the 1920s led to partial demolition of medieval walls around the Bargate in 1932 and 1938.<ref name=Rance/> However, a large portion of those walls remain.
A Royal Charter in 1952 upgraded University College at Highfield to the University of Southampton.<ref name=Rance/> In 1964 Southampton acquired [[city status in the United Kingdom|city status]], becoming the City of Southampton,<ref name=Rance/> and because of the [[Local Government Act 1972]] was turned into a [[non-metropolitan district]] within Hampshire in 1973.
Southampton City Council took over most of the functions of Hampshire County Council within the city in April 1997 (including education and social services, but not the fire service), and thus became a [[unitary authority]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wessexscene.co.uk/politics/2016/11/17/your-guide-to-southampton-city-council/ |title=Your Guide to Southampton City Council |author=Kieran Hyland |publisher=[[Wessex Scene]] |date=17 November 2016 |access-date=11 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221184719/https://www.wessexscene.co.uk/politics/2016/11/17/your-guide-to-southampton-city-council/ |archive-date=21 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
===21st century===
In the 2010s several developments to the inner-city of Southampton were completed. In 2016 the south section of West Quay, or West Quay South, originally known as West Quay Watermark, was opened to the public. Its public plaza has been used for several annual events, such as an ice skating rink during the winter season,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/17196296.skate-southampton-set-up-ahead-of-return-of-westquay-ice-rink/ |title=SKATE Southampton set-up ahead of return of Westquay Ice Rink |author=Emily Liddle |work=[[Southern Daily Echo]] |date=2 November 2018 |publisher=[[Newsquest]] |access-date=5 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105160855/https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/17196296.skate-southampton-set-up-ahead-of-return-of-westquay-ice-rink/ |archive-date=5 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> and a public broadcast of [[The Championships, Wimbledon|the Wimbledon tennis championship]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/16326515.wimbledon-comes-to-southampton-as-westquay-opens-its-own-murray-mound/ |title=Wimbledon comes to Southampton as Westquay opens its own 'Murray Mound' |work=[[Southern Daily Echo]] |date=2 July 2018 |publisher=[[Newsquest]] |access-date= 5 November 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181105160817/https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/16326515.wimbledon-comes-to-southampton-as-westquay-opens-its-own-murray-mound/ |archive-date= 5 November 2018 |url-status= live}}</ref> Two new buildings, the [[John Hansard Gallery]] with City Eye and a secondary site for the [[University of Southampton#Arts|University of Southampton's Nuffield Theatre]], in addition to several flats, were built in the "cultural quarter" adjacent to Guildhall Square in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/feb/22/studio-144-southampton-new-arts-venue |title=Studio 144: why has Southampton hidden its £30m culture palace behind a Nando's? |author=Oliver Wainwright |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 February 2018 |access-date= 5 November 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181105160503/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/feb/22/studio-144-southampton-new-arts-venue |archive-date= 5 November 2018 |url-status= live}}</ref>
==Governance==
[[File:Southampton-CivicCentre-West.jpg|thumb|left|[[Southampton Civic Centre]]]]
After the establishment of Hampshire County Council, following the passage of the [[Local Government Act 1888]], Southampton became a [[county borough]] within the [[counties of England|county]] of Hampshire, which meant that the corporation in Southampton had the combined powers of a lower-tier (borough) and an upper-tier (county) council within the city boundaries, while the new county council was responsible for upper-tier functions outside the city of Southampton. The ancient shire county, along with its associated assizes, was known as the ''County of Southampton''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/descriptions/entry_page.jsp;jsessionid=831E0EE166940B068F901D2E5F5D2B33?text_id=929180&word=NULL |title=Map of the County of Southampton |author=Greenwood & Co |year=1826 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224152528/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/descriptions/entry_page.jsp;jsessionid=831E0EE166940B068F901D2E5F5D2B33?text_id=929180&word=NULL |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=21 September 2007}}</ref> or ''Southamptonshire''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.luckners.com/auction.aspx?Selection=ByCategory&AuctionID=20802&Value=7-0 |access-date=21 September 2007 |year=1870 |author=John Marius Wilson |title=Southamptonshire |publisher=[[Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022200259/http://luckners.com/auction.aspx?Selection=ByCategory&AuctionID=20802&Value=7-0 |archive-date=22 October 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> This was officially changed to ''Hampshire'' in 1959, although the county had been commonly known as Hampshire (and previously Hantescire – the origin of the abbreviation "Hants.") for centuries. In the [[Local Government Act 1972|reorganisation of English and Welsh local government that took effect on 1 April 1974]], Southampton lost its county borough when it became a [[non-metropolitan district]] (i.e. with lower-tier local government functions only) within a modified [[non-metropolitan county]] of Hampshire (Bournemouth and Christchurch were transferred to the neighbouring non-metropolitan county of [[Dorset]]). From this date, Hampshire County Council became responsible for all upper-tier functions within its boundaries, including Southampton, until local government was once again reorganised in the late 1990s.
Southampton as a port and city has had a long history of administrative independence of the surrounding county; as far back as the reign of King John the town and its port were removed from the writ of the king's sheriff in Hampshire and the rights of custom and toll were granted by the King to the burgesses of Southampton over the port of Southampton and the Port of Portsmouth;<ref name="Edwin Welch">Welch E, (1976), "Southampton City Charters", City of Southampton, additional text.</ref> this tax farm was granted for an annual fee of £200 in the charter dated at Orival on 29 June 1199. The definition of the port of Southampton was apparently broader than today and embraced all of the area between [[Lymington]] and Langstone. The corporation had resident representatives in Newport, Lymington and Portsmouth.<ref name="British History Online">{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42036 |title=The borough of Southampton: General historical account |editor=William Page |year=1908 |publisher=British History Online |access-date=17 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104100057/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42836 |archive-date=4 November 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> By a charter of [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]], granted on 9 March 1446/7 (25+26 Hen. VI, m. 52), the mayor, bailiffs and burgesses of the towns and ports of Southampton and Portsmouth became a County incorporate and separate from Hampshire. The status of the town was changed by a later charter of Charles I by at once the formal separation from Portsmouth and the recognition of Southampton as a county. The formal title of the town became "The Town and County of the Town of Southampton".{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} These charters and royal grants, of which there were many, also set out the governance and regulation of the town and port which remained the "constitution" of the town until the local government organisation of the later Victorian period when the Local Government Act 1888 set up county councils and county borough councils across England and Wales, including Southampton County Borough Council. Under this regime, "The Town and County of the Town of Southampton" became a county borough with responsibility for all aspects of local government. On 24 February 1964 Elizabeth II, by letters patent, granted the County Borough of Southampton the title of "City", so creating "The City and County of the City of Southampton".<ref name="Soton,County">{{London Gazette|issue=43258|date=28 February 1964|page=1856}}</ref> This did not, however, affect its composition or powers.
The city has undergone many changes to its governance over the centuries and once again became administratively independent from Hampshire County as it was made into a [[unitary authority]] in a local government reorganisation on 1 April 1997, a result of the [[Local Government Act 1992]]. The district remains part of the Hampshire [[ceremonial counties of England|ceremonial county]].
[[Southampton City Council]] consists of 51 councillors, 3 for each of the 17 wards. [[Southampton local elections|Council elections]] are held in early May for one third of the seats (one councillor for each ward), elected for a four-year term, so there are elections three years out of four. The [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] has held overall control since 2022; after the [[2023 Southampton City Council election|2023 council elections]] the composition of the council is:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2"
! style="vertical-align:bottom;"|Members
|-
| {{party color cell|Labour Party (UK)}}
|[[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]
|style="text-align:center;"|34
|-
| {{party color cell|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|[[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]
|style="text-align:center;"|9
|-
| {{party color cell|Liberal Democrats (UK)}}
|[[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrat]]
|style="text-align:center;"|3
|-
| {{party color cell|Green Party of England and Wales}}
|[[Green Party of England and Wales|Green]]
|style="text-align:center;"|2
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|'''Total'''
! style="text-align:center;"|'''51'''<ref>{{cite web |author=Name of file |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/council-democracy/councillors |title=Councillors – Southampton City Council |publisher=Southampton.gov.uk |access-date=25 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515125207/https://www.southampton.gov.uk/council-democracy/councillors/ |archive-date=15 May 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}
There are three members of Parliament for the city: [[Darren Paffey]] (Labour) for [[Southampton Itchen (UK Parliament constituency)|Southampton Itchen]], the constituency covering the east of the city; [[Satvir Kaur]] (Labour) for [[Southampton Test (UK Parliament constituency)|Southampton Test]], which covers the west of the city; and [[Caroline Nokes]] (Conservative) for [[Romsey and Southampton North (UK Parliament constituency)|Romsey and Southampton North]], which includes a northern portion of the city.
===Lord mayor and sheriff===
The first mayor of Southampton served in 1222 meaning 2022 was the 800th anniversary of the office.
Early mayors of Southampton include:
*1386–89, 1390–91, and 1396–97: [[William Maple]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/member/maple-william-1399|title=MAPLE, William (d.c.1399), of Southampton. |website=History of Parliament Online |first1=L. S. |last1=Woodger |date=1993 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515210817/http://historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/member/maple-william-1399 |archive-date= 15 May 2023 }}</ref>
*1393–94, 1407–08, [[Walter Lange (MP)|Walter Lange]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/member/lange-walter-1410|title=LANGE, Walter (d.1410), of Southampton. |website=History of Parliament Online}}</ref>
The first female mayor was [[Lucia Foster Welch]], elected in 1927.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.southampton.gov.uk/arts-heritage/southampton-archives/historic-mayors/ | title=Historic Mayors }}</ref> In 1959 the city elected its sixth female mayor, Rosina Marie Stonehouse, mother to [[John Stonehouse]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.southampton.gov.uk/404/|title=Page Not Found|website=www.southampton.gov.uk}}</ref>
The current mayor of Southampton is Councillor David Shields<ref name="MayorandSheriff">{{cite web |title=The Mayor and Sheriff |url=https://www.southampton.gov.uk/council-democracy/councillors/mayor-sheriff/ |access-date=19 June 2024 |publisher=Southampton City Council}}</ref>
Southampton is one of 16 cities and towns in England and Wales to have a ceremonial sheriff who acts as a deputy for the mayor. Traditionally the sheriff serves for one year after, which they will become the mayor of Southampton.
Southampton's submission of an application for Lord Mayor status, as part of [[Queen Elizabeth II]]'s [[Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours]] Competition 2022, was successful.<ref>{{cite web |date=19 May 2022 |title=Platinum Jubilee: Eight new cities created in Queen's honour |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-61505857 |access-date=20 May 2022 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Once the Letters Patent were published, the current Mayor (Councillor Jaqui Rayment) became the first Lord Mayor of Southampton. The [[Anne, Princess Royal|Princess Royal]] presented the Lord Mayor with the Letters Patent in February 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/royal/1730497/princess-anne-lord-mayor-southampton-letters-patent|title=Princess Anne leaves Lord Mayor in stitches as she congratulates her on new title|work=Daily Express|first=Luke|last=Whelan|date=3 February 2023|accessdate=3 February 2023}}</ref>
===Town crier===
The [[town crier]] from 2004 until his death in 2014 was John Melody, who acted as master of ceremonies in the city and who possessed a cry of 104 [[decibels]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Town Crier |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/council-democracy/councillors/mayor-sheriff/town-crier.aspx |publisher=Southampton City Council |access-date=22 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222225038/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/council-democracy/councillors/mayor-sheriff/town-crier.aspx |archive-date=22 February 2015}}</ref> Southampton's current Town Crier is Alan Spencer<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2022 |title=Crowds gather to watch 'once in a lifetime' reading of the proclamation |url=https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/21275251.proclamation-king-charles-read-southampton/ |website=Daily Echo |language=en |first1=Maya |last1=George |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915160444/https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/21275251.proclamation-king-charles-read-southampton/ |archive-date= 15 September 2022 }}</ref>
===Twinned towns===
Southampton City Council has developed [[Town twinning|twinning]] links with [[Le Havre]] in France (since 1973),<ref name="Le Havre twinnings">{{cite web |url=http://archives.lehavre.fr/delia-CMS/guichet_virtuel/rubrique/article_id-1626/topic_id-707/les-villes-jumelees.html |title=Le Havre – Les villes jumelées |access-date=7 August 2013 |last=Florence |first=Jeanne |language=fr |trans-title=Le Havre – Twin towns |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807181850/http://archives.lehavre.fr/delia-CMS/guichet_virtuel/rubrique/article_id-1626/topic_id-707/les-villes-jumelees.html |archive-date=7 August 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Archant twinning">{{cite web |url=http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns |title=British towns twinned with French towns |access-date=11 July 2013 |work=Archant Community Media Ltd |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns |archive-date=5 July 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TwinTowns">''{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/thecouncil/thecity/linkedcities.asp |title=Linked cities |access-date=7 January 2009 |publisher=Southampton City Council |date=3 January 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090328184139/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/thecouncil/thecity/linkedcities.asp |archive-date=28 March 2009}}''</ref><ref name="Hampshire">{{cite web |url=http://www3.hants.gov.uk/localpages/twintown.htm |title=Twin Towns in Hampshire |publisher=www3.hants.gov.uk |access-date=6 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091130120441/http://www3.hants.gov.uk/localpages/twintown.htm |archive-date=30 November 2009}}</ref> [[Rems-Murr-Kreis]] in Germany (since 1991),<ref name="TwinTowns"/> [[Trieste]] in Italy (since 2002), [[Hampton, Virginia]], in the US,<ref name="SisterCities">{{cite web |url=http://www.sister-cities.org/directory/USlistingsResults.cfm?selectedState=VA&submit=Search |title=Sister Cities International |access-date=4 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414203700/http://www.sister-cities.org/directory/USlistingsResults.cfm?selectedState=VA&submit=Search |archive-date=14 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="HamptonCity">{{cite web |url=http://sistercities-hamptonva.org/ |title=Sister Cities of Hampton, Virginia |access-date=4 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924220819/http://www.sistercities-hamptonva.org/ |archive-date=24 September 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Southampton,%20United%20Kingdom |title=Interactive City Directory |access-date=30 March 2017 |publisher=[[Sister Cities International]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330174337/http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Southampton,%20United%20Kingdom |archive-date=30 March 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Qingdao]] in China (since 1998),<ref name="TwinTowns"/> [[Busan]] in South Korea (since 1978),<ref>[http://www.busanport.com/service?id=en_sister_01 Port of Busan] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090315200104/http://www.busanport.com/service?id=en_sister_01|date=15 March 2009 }}, Sister Ports, Busan</ref> and [[Miami|Miami, Florida]], also in the US (since 14 June 2019).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.southampton.gov.uk/news/article.aspx?id=tcm:63-412460 |access-date=14 June 2019 |title=Southampton and Miami, Florida, become sister cities at ceremonial signing event |date=14 June 2019 |website=Southampton City Council |archive-date=10 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210202121/https://www.southampton.gov.uk/news/article.aspx?id=tcm%3A63-412460 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Geography==
The geography of Southampton is influenced by the sea and rivers. The city lies at the northern tip of the [[Southampton Water]], a deep water estuary, which is a [[ria]] formed at the end of the last Ice Age and which opens into [[The Solent]]. At the head of Southampton Water the rivers Test and Itchen converge.<ref name="southampton260">''The Port of Southampton''L. E. Tavener Economic Geography, Vol. 26, No. 4 (October 1950), pp. 260–73</ref> The Test — which has a salt marsh that makes it ideal for salmon fishing<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/commondata/acrobat/river_test__627604pdf |access-date=28 July 2007 |author=Environment Agency |title=The River Test |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311192939/http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/commondata/acrobat/river_test__627604pdf |archive-date=11 March 2007}}</ref> — runs along the western edge of the city, while the Itchen splits Southampton in two—east and west. The city centre is located between the two rivers.
Town Quay is the original public quay, and dates from the 13th century. Today's Eastern Docks were created in the 1830s by land reclamation of the mud flats between the Itchen and Test estuaries. The Western Docks date from the 1930s when the Southern Railway Company commissioned a major land reclamation and dredging programme.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.solentforum.hants.org.uk/othercoast/western_solent_smp.htm#test6 |access-date=28 July 2007 |author=The Solent Forum |title=Western Solent and Southampton Water Shoreline Management Plan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922004912/http://www.solentforum.hants.org.uk/othercoast/western_solent_smp.htm#test6 |archive-date=22 September 2007 }}</ref> Most of the material used for reclamation came from dredging of Southampton Water,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.egovmonitor.com/node/1811 |date=8 July 2005 |access-date=28 July 2007 |author=eGovernment Monitor |title=Web Maps Out The Past |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607191222/http://www.egovmonitor.com/node/1811 |archive-date=7 June 2007 }}</ref> to ensure that the port can continue to handle large ships.
Southampton Water has the benefit of a double high tide, with two high tide peaks,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pol.ac.uk/home/insight/tidefaq.html |access-date=28 July 2007 |author=Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory |title=Tides |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810230813/http://www.pol.ac.uk/home/insight/tidefaq.html |archive-date=10 August 2007 }}</ref> making the movement of large ships easier.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southamptonvts.co.uk/ |access-date=28 July 2007 |author=Associated British Ports |title=Southampton VTS–ABP Southampton |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705005757/http://www.southamptonvts.co.uk/ |archive-date=5 July 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> This is not caused as popularly supposed by the presence of the Isle of Wight, but is a function of the shape and depth of the [[English Channel]]. In this area the general water flow is distorted by more local conditions reaching across to France.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bristolnomads.org.uk/stuff/double_tides.htm |access-date=13 July 2009 |author=Captain M J Ridge, FRICS MCIT |title=English Channel double tides |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822144340/http://www.bristolnomads.org.uk/stuff/double_tides.htm |archive-date=22 August 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>
The city lies in the [[Hampshire Basin]], which sits atop chalk beds.<ref name="southampton260"/>
The [[River Test]] runs along the western border of the city, separating it from the [[New Forest]]. There are bridges over the Test from Southampton, including the road and rail bridges at [[Redbridge, Hampshire|Redbridge]] in the south and the [[M27 motorway]] to the north. The [[River Itchen, Hampshire|River Itchen]] runs through the middle of the city and is bridged in several places. The northernmost bridge, and the first to be built,<ref>{{cite book |last=Holt |first=John |author2=Anne Cole |title=A bend in the River |publisher=Bitterne Local History Society |date=February 1992 |___location=Southampton}}</ref> is at [[Mansbridge]], where the [[A27 road]] crosses the Itchen. The original bridge is closed to road traffic, but is still standing and open to pedestrians and cyclists. The river is bridged again at [[Swaythling]], where Woodmill Bridge separates the tidal and non tidal sections of the river. Further south is [[Cobden Bridge]] which is notable as it was opened as a free bridge (it was originally named the Cobden Free Bridge), and was never a [[toll bridge]]. Downstream of the Cobden Bridge is the Northam Railway Bridge, then the [[Northam Bridge|Northam Road Bridge]], which was the first major pre-stressed concrete bridge to be constructed in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbdg.org.uk/bridge_history.html |access-date=11 March 2008 |publisher=www.cbdg.org.uk |title=History of Concrete Bridges |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007075419/http://www.cbdg.org.uk/bridge_history.html |archive-date=7 October 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> The southernmost, and newest, bridge on the Itchen is the [[Itchen Bridge]], which is a toll bridge.
===Areas and suburbs===
{{Southampton suburbs map}}
{{See also|Category:Areas of Southampton}}
Southampton is divided into council wards, suburbs, constituencies, ecclesiastical parishes, and other less formal areas. It has a number of parks and green spaces, the largest being the 148-hectare [[Southampton Common]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/Images/Southampton%20Common%20Green%20Flag%20Mgt%20Plan%20pages%201-22_tcm46-178081.pdf |access-date=26 August 2007 |author=Southampton City Council |title=Southampton Common Green Flag Management Plan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221533/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/Images/Southampton%20Common%20Green%20Flag%20Mgt%20Plan%20pages%201-22_tcm46-178081.pdf |archive-date=25 September 2007 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> parts of which are used to host the annual summer festivals, circuses and fun fairs. The Common includes Hawthorns Urban Wildlife Centre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/leisure/southamptonparks/thehawthorns/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028074247/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/leisure/southamptonparks/thehawthorns/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 October 2007 |access-date=9 October 2008 |author=Southampton City Council |title=The Hawthorns Urban Wildlife Centre }}</ref> on the former site of Southampton Zoo, a paddling pool and several lakes and ponds. The common also hosts the [[Parkrun]] event every Saturday.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.parkrun.org.uk/southampton/course/ | title=Course | Southampton parkrun }}</ref>
Council estates are in the [[Weston, Southampton|Weston]], [[Thornhill, Hampshire|Thornhill]] and [[Townhill Park]] districts. The city is ranked 96th most deprived out of all 354 Local Authorities in England.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/thecouncil/thecity/research/default.asp#0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820102708/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/thecouncil/thecity/research/default.asp#0 |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 August 2007 |access-date=24 July 2007 |author=Southampton City Council |title=Research, Information and Statistics}}</ref>
In 2006–2007, 1,267 residential dwellings were built in the city — the highest number for 15 years. Over 94 per cent of these were flats.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/Images/Southampton%20City%20Statistics%20and%20Research%20July%202007_tcm46-182704.pdf |access-date=24 July 2007 |author=Southampton City Council |title=Southampton Statistics, July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809221253/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/Images/Southampton%20City%20Statistics%20and%20Research%20July%202007_tcm46-182704.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2007 }}</ref>
There are 16 [[Wards of the United Kingdom|Electoral Wards]] in Southampton, each consisting of longer-established neighbourhoods (see below).
Settlements outside the city are sometimes considered suburbs of Southampton, including [[Chartwell Green]], [[Chilworth, Hampshire|Chilworth]], [[Nursling]], [[Rownhams]], [[Totton]], [[Eastleigh]] and [[West End, Hampshire|West End]]. The villages of [[Marchwood]], [[Ashurst, Hampshire|Ashurst]] and [[Hedge End]] may be considered [[exurb]]s of Southampton.
===Climate===
As with the rest of the UK, Southampton experiences an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb''). Its southerly, low-lying and sheltered ___location ensures it is among the warmer, sunnier cities in the UK. It has held the record for the highest temperature in the UK for June at {{cvt|35.6|C|F}} since 1976.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.torro.org.uk/site/maxtemps.php |title=June 1976 maximum |access-date=21 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110117053706/http://www.torro.org.uk/site/maxtemps.php |archive-date=17 January 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Extremes |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/media/pdf/c/f/Fact_sheet_No._9.pdf |work=Fact Sheets |publisher=Met Office |access-date=11 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028123740/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/media/pdf/c/f/Fact_sheet_No._9.pdf |archive-date=28 October 2012}}</ref>
{{Clear}}
{{Weather box
|___location = Southampton (Mayflower Park), elevation: {{convert|19|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1853–present
| collapsed =
| metric first = y
| single line = y
| Jan record high C = 15.9
| Feb record high C = 19.0
| Mar record high C = 22.2
| Apr record high C = 27.6
| May record high C = 31.7
| Jun record high C = 35.6
| Jul record high C = 34.8
| Aug record high C = 35.1
| Sep record high C = 30.6
| Oct record high C = 28.9
| Nov record high C = 18.3
| Dec record high C = 15.9
| Jan high C = 8.8
| Feb high C = 9.1
| Mar high C = 11.5
| Apr high C = 14.7
| May high C = 18.0
| Jun high C = 20.6
| Jul high C = 22.6
| Aug high C = 22.5
| Sep high C = 20.1
| Oct high C = 15.9
| Nov high C = 12.2
| Dec high C = 9.3
| year high C =
| Jan low C = 3.2
| Feb low C = 3.0
| Mar low C = 4.3
| Apr low C = 6.1
| May low C = 9.2
| Jun low C = 12.0
| Jul low C = 13.9
| Aug low C = 14.0
| Sep low C = 11.6
| Oct low C = 9.2
| Nov low C = 5.7
| Dec low C = 3.5
| year low C =
| Jan record low C = -16.6
| Feb record low C = -11.1
| Mar record low C = -11.7
| Apr record low C = -4.1
| May record low C = -1.7
| Jun record low C = 1.8
| Jul record low C = 5.6
| Aug record low C = 4.4
| Sep record low C = 0.0
| Oct record low C = -3.9
| Nov record low C = -8.7
| Dec record low C = -16.1
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 89.7
| Feb precipitation mm = 63.9
| Mar precipitation mm = 56.0
| Apr precipitation mm = 52.3
| May precipitation mm = 47.4
| Jun precipitation mm = 56.9
| Jul precipitation mm = 44.0
| Aug precipitation mm = 58.9
| Sep precipitation mm = 60.5
| Oct precipitation mm = 92.6
| Nov precipitation mm = 99.9
| Dec precipitation mm = 96.9
| year precipitation mm = 818.6
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 12.5
| Feb precipitation days = 10.0
| Mar precipitation days = 9.7
| Apr precipitation days = 9.5
| May precipitation days = 7.7
| Jun precipitation days = 7.8
| Jul precipitation days = 7.7
| Aug precipitation days = 8.5
| Sep precipitation days = 8.9
| Oct precipitation days = 11.8
| Nov precipitation days = 12.8
| Dec precipitation days = 12.7
| year precipitation days = 119.6
| Jan sun = 63.4
| Feb sun = 82.7
| Mar sun = 125.1
| Apr sun = 181.6
| May sun = 215.5
| Jun sun = 211.7
| Jul sun = 223.8
| Aug sun = 205.8
| Sep sun = 152.0
| Oct sun = 112.7
| Nov sun = 76.3
| Dec sun = 55.3
| year sun = 1705.7
| source 1 = [[Met Office]]<ref name="Met Averages">{{cite web |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcp1844rg |title=Southampton W.C. (Southampton) UK climate averages |publisher=Met Office |access-date=27 July 2023}}</ref>
| source 2 = [[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute|KNMI]]<ref>{{cite web| url = https://eca.knmi.nl//download/millennium/millennium.php| title = Indices Data – Southampton STAID 17477| access-date = 23 April 2020| publisher = [[KNMI (institute)|KNMI]]| archive-date = 9 July 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180709010608/https://eca.knmi.nl//download/millennium/millennium.php| url-status = dead}}</ref>
}}
{|class="wikitable"
|+Average sea temperature<ref>[http://www.seatemperature.org/europe/united-kingdom/southampton-january.htm Southampton average sea temperature] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706160120/http://www.seatemperature.org/europe/united-kingdom/southampton-january.htm|date=6 July 2015 }} – seatemperature.org</ref>
|-
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!Year
|-
|{{cvt|9.5|°C|°F}}
|{{cvt|9.0|°C|°F}}
|{{cvt|8.6|°C|°F}}
|{{cvt|9.8|°C|°F}}
|{{cvt|11.4|°C|°F}}
|{{cvt|13.5|°C|°F}}
|{{cvt|15.3|°C|°F}}
|{{cvt|16.8|°C|°F}}
|{{cvt|17.3|°C|°F}}
|{{cvt|16.2|°C|°F}}
|{{cvt|14.4|°C|°F}}
|{{cvt|11.8|°C|°F}}
|{{cvt|12.8|°C|°F}}
|}
===Energy===
[[File:Geothermal plant.jpg|thumb|Southampton's geothermal power station]]
The centre of Southampton is located above a large hot water [[aquifer]] that provides [[Geothermal energy|geothermal]] power to some of the city's buildings. This energy is processed at a plant in the West Quay region in Southampton city centre, the only [[Geothermal power in the United Kingdom|geothermal power station]] in the UK. The plant provides electricity for the [[Port of Southampton]] and hot water to the [[Southampton District Energy Scheme]] used by many buildings including the [[Westquay]] shopping centre. In a 2006 survey of carbon emissions in major UK cities conducted by British Gas, Southampton was ranked as being one of the lowest [[carbon emissions|carbon-emitting]] cities in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britishgasnews.co.uk/index.asp?PageID=16&Year=2006&NewsID=686 |date=22 May 2006 |author=British Gas News |title=Reading named as the UK's highest CO2 hot spot |access-date=8 April 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713092351/http://www.britishgasnews.co.uk/index.asp?PageID=16&Year=2006&NewsID=686 |archive-date=13 July 2007 }}</ref>
== Demography ==
[[File:Southampton population pyramid 2021.svg|thumb|Population pyramid of Southampton (unitary authority) in 2021]]
2016 mid-year population estimates suggests there are 254,275 people within the Southampton area.<ref name="SCC 2016 pop est">{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/council-democracy/council-data/statistics/mye-southampton.aspx |title=Mid year population estimate 2016 |access-date=18 July 2018 |work=[[Office for National Statistics]] |publisher=[[Southampton City Council]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718115342/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/council-democracy/council-data/statistics/mye-southampton.aspx |archive-date=18 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<!-- Sentence suspended because the end date (2014) is nonsense and the table is too huge to spend time resolving
The [[Office for National Statistics]] based upon 2016 estimate forecast population in the city to increase to 281,200 by 2014, a 10.6% increase over the period.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationprojections/datasets/localauthoritiesinenglandtable2 |title=Population projections for local authorities: Table 2 |author=Andrew Nash |access-date=18 July 2018 |date=24 May 2018 |work=[[Office Of National Statistics]]}}</ref>
-->
At the [[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 Census]], the Southampton built-up area (which is a little larger than the area controlled by the city council) had a population of 253,651.<ref name="2011 Census Data">{{NOMIS2011|id=E35001237|title=Southampton BUA |access-date=1 May 2019}} ''Enter E35001237 if requested''.</ref> There were 127,630 males and 126,021 females.<ref name="2011 Census Data" /> The 30–44 age range is the most populous, with 51,989 people falling in this age range. Next largest is the 45–59 range with 42,317 people and then 20–24 years with 30,290.<ref name="2011 Census Data" /> The ethnic mix as of 2021 is 80.7% white, 10.6% were Asian or British Asian, 3% black, 2.3% other ethnic groups, and 3.4% were multi-ethnic.<ref name=":0" />
Between 1996 and 2004, the population of the city increased by 4.9 per cent — the tenth-biggest increase in England.<ref name="ippr.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.ippr.org/uploadedFiles/cfc/pressreleases/high_low_performers.pdf |access-date=22 July 2007 |publisher=[[Institute for Public Policy Research]] |title=Two Track Cities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709202915/http://www.ippr.org/uploadedFiles/cfc/pressreleases/high_low_performers.pdf |archive-date=9 July 2007 }}</ref> In 2005 the Government Statistics stated that Southampton was the third most densely populated city in the country after London and Portsmouth, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=1133 |access-date=11 September 2007 |author=National Statistics Online |title=South East Profile |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417052325/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=1133 |archive-date=17 April 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> The average age of a Sotonian was 37.6 years in 2016, ranking Southampton as one of the twenty most youthful cities in the UK.<ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-43316697 |access-date=17 March 2019 |author=Centre for Cities |title=BBC News report |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401085612/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-43316697 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |url-status=live |work=BBC News |date=19 March 2018}}</ref>
In the 2001 census Southampton and Portsmouth were recorded as being parts of separate urban areas; however by the time of the 2011 census they had merged apolitically to become the sixth-largest built-up area in England with a population of 855,569.{{who|date=June 2019}} This built-up area is part of the [[metropolitan area]] known as [[South Hampshire]], which is also sometimes referred to as ''Solent City'', particularly in the media when discussing development issues and local governance organisational changes.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.portsmouth.co.uk/business/around-100-000-homes-in-the-offing-as-solent-city-moves-closer-to-reality-1-7474548 |title=Around 100,000 homes in the offing as 'Solent City' moves closer to reality |date=13 July 2016 |newspaper=[[The News (Portsmouth)]] |access-date=17 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617162212/https://www.portsmouth.co.uk/business/around-100-000-homes-in-the-offing-as-solent-city-moves-closer-to-reality-1-7474548 |archive-date=17 June 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/14328692.will-solent-city-be-the-death-of-hampshire/ |title=Will Solent City be the death of Hampshire? |newspaper=[[Southern Daily Echo]] |date=9 March 2016 |first=Ian |last=Murray |access-date=17 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617162652/https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/14328692.will-solent-city-be-the-death-of-hampshire/ |archive-date=17 June 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.lgcplus.com/politics/governance-and-structure/hampshire-cc-leader-roy-perry-to-stand-down/7028088.article |newspaper=[[Local Government Chronicle]] |title=Hampshire CC leader Roy Perry to stand down |date=5 March 2019 |first=Jessica |last=Hill |access-date=17 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617164133/https://www.lgcplus.com/politics/governance-and-structure/hampshire-cc-leader-roy-perry-to-stand-down/7028088.article |archive-date=17 June 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> With a population of over 1.5 million this makes the region one of the [[List of metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom's most populous metropolitan areas]].<ref name="espon"/>
=== Ethnicity ===
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! rowspan="2" |Ethnic group
! colspan="2" |1981 estimations<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1985 |title=Ethnic minorities in Britain: statistical information on the pattern of settlement |url=https://jstor.org/stable/community.28327806 |journal=Commission for Racial Equality |language=English |pages=Table 2.2|last1= Equality|first1= Commission for Racial}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1991<ref name=":412">Data is taken from United Kingdom [http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/index.htm Casweb Data services] of the United Kingdom [http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/step1.cfm 1991 Census on Ethnic Data for England, Scotland and Wales] (Table 6)</ref>
! colspan="2" |2001<ref>{{cite web |title=Office of National Statistics; 2001 Census Key Statistics |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/local-authorities-ks06--ethnic-group.xls |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011<ref name=":36">{{Cite web |title=2011 Census: Ethnic Group, local authorities in England and Wales |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls |access-date=15 December 2021 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2021<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ethnic group – Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS021/editions/2021/versions/1/filter-outputs/d2f0a39a-75b6-4995-b4bd-a5b68ff79027#get-data |access-date=29 November 2022 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]: Total
!190,563
!95.7%
!187,170
!95.1%
!200,859
!92.4%
!203,528
!85.9%
!200,829
!80.7%
|-
|White: [[White British|British]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|192,970
|88.7%
|183,980
|77.7%
|169,481
|68.1%
|-
|White: [[White Irish|Irish]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|2,298
|1.1%
|1,746
|0.7%
|1,643
|0.7%
|-
|White: [[White Gypsy or Irish Traveller|Gypsy or Irish Traveller]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|341
|0.1%
|340
|0.1%
|-
|White: Roma
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|578
|0.2%
|-
|White: [[Other White|Other]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|5,591
|2.6%
|17,461
|7.4%
|28,787
|11.6%
|-
![[British Asian|Asian or Asian British]]: Total
!–
!–
!6,724
!3.4%
!9,887
!4.5%
!19,892
!8.4%
!26,414
!10.6%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Indians|Indian]]
|–
|–
|3,863
|
|4,717
|2.2%
|6,742
|2.8%
|9,169
|3.7%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani]]
|–
|–
|993
|
|1,743
|0.8%
|3,019
|1.3%
|4,248
|1.7%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]]
|–
|–
|515
|
|961
|0.4%
|1,401
|0.6%
|2,064
|0.8%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Chinese|Chinese]]
|–
|–
|698
|
|1,633
|0.8%
|3,449
|1.5%
|4,149
|1.7%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: Other Asian
|–
|–
|655
|
|833
|0.4%
|5,281
|2.2%
|6,784
|2.7%
|-
![[Black British people|Black or Black British]]: Total
!–
!–
!1,741
!0.9%
!2,245
!1%
!5,067
!2.1%
!7,539
!3%
|-
|Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|Caribbean]]
|–
|–
|830
|
|1,034
|0.5%
|1,132
|0.5%
|5,627
|2.3%
|-
|Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|African]]
|–
|–
|331
|
|1,054
|0.5%
|3,508
|1.5%
|1,103
|0.4%
|-
|Black or Black British: [[Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom|Other Black]]
|–
|–
|580
|
|157
|0.1%
|427
|0.2%
|809
|0.3%
|-
![[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed or British Mixed]]: Total
!–
!–
!–
!–
!3,267
!1.5%
!5,678
!2.4%
!8,309
!3.4%
|-
|Mixed: White and Black Caribbean
|–
|–
|–
|–
|1,010
|0.5%
|1,678
|0.7%
|2,173
|0.9%
|-
|Mixed: White and Black African
|–
|–
|–
|–
|480
|0.2%
|941
|0.4%
|1,535
|0.6%
|-
|Mixed: White and Asian
|–
|–
|–
|–
|1,061
|0.5%
|1,796
|0.8%
|2,444
|1.0%
|-
|Mixed: Other Mixed
|–
|–
|–
|–
|716
|0.3%
|1,263
|0.5%
|2,157
|0.9%
|-
!Other: Total
!–
!–
!1,229
!0.6%
!1,187
!0.5%
!2,717
!1.1%
!5,829
!2.3%
|-
|Other: Arab
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|1,312
|0.6%
|1,311
|0.5%
|-
|Other: Any other ethnic group
|–
|–
|1,229
|
|1,187
|0.5%
|1,405
|0.6%
|4,518
|1.8%
|-
!Non-White: Total
!8,566
!4.3%
!9,694
!4.9%
!16,586
!7.6%
!33,354
!14.1%
!48,091
!19.3%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Total
!199,129
!100%
!196,864
!100%
!217,445
!100%
!236,882
!100%
!248,920
!100%
|}
=== Religion ===
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! rowspan="2" |Religion
! colspan="2" |2001<ref>{{Cite web |title=KS007 – Religion – Nomis – 2001 |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/datasets/ks007 |access-date=18 October 2022 |website=www.nomisweb.co.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011<ref>{{Cite web |title=KS209EW (Religion) – Nomis – 2011 |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/ks209ew |access-date=18 October 2022 |website=www.nomisweb.co.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2021<ref>{{Cite web |title=TS030 - Religion - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/datasets/c2021ts030 |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=www.nomisweb.co.uk}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Holds religious beliefs
!153,014
!70.2
!140,793
!59.4
!124,511
!50.0
|-
|[[File:Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg|26x26px]] [[Christians|Christian]]
| align="right" |142,531
| align="right" |65.5
| align="right" |122,018
| align="right" |51.5
|99,910
|40.1
|-
|[[File:Dharma_Wheel.svg|20x20px]] [[Buddhism|Buddhist]]
| align="right" |712
| align="right" |0.3
| align="right" |1,331
| align="right" |0.6
|1,333
|0.5
|-
|[[File:Om.svg|21x21px]] [[Hinduism|Hindu]]
| align="right" |1,535
| align="right" |0.7
| align="right" |2,482
| align="right" |1.0
|3,265
|1.3
|-
|[[File:Star_of_David.svg|23x23px]] [[Jews|Jewish]]
| align="right" |293
| align="right" |0.1
| align="right" |254
| align="right" |0.1
|254
|0.1
|-
|[[File:Star_and_Crescent.svg|20x20px]] [[Muslim]]
| align="right" |4,185
| align="right" |1.9
| align="right" |9,903
| align="right" |4.2
|13,893
|5.6
|-
|[[File:Khanda.svg|24x24px]] [[Sikhism|Sikh]]
| align="right" |2,799
| align="right" |1.3
| align="right" |3,476
| align="right" |1.5
|4,192
|1.7
|-
|Other religion
| align="right" |959
| align="right" |0.4
| align="right" |1,329
| align="right" |0.6
|1,664
|0.7
|-
!''(No religion and Religion not stated)''
! align="right" |64,431
! align="right" |29.6
! align="right" |96,089
! align="right" |40.6
!124,412
!50.0
|-
|[[Irreligion|No religion]]
| align="right" |47,004
| align="right" |21.6
| align="right" |79,379
| align="right" |33.5
|108,000
|43.4
|-
|Religion not stated
| align="right" |17,427
| align="right" |8.0
| align="right" |16,710
| align="right" |7.1
|16,412
|6.6
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Total population
! align="right" |217,445
! align="right" |100.0
! align="right" |236,882
! align="right" |100.0
!248,923
!100
|}
==Economy==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Industry breakdown of Southampton (In millions)
|-
! Sector
! 2000
! 2004
! 2008
! 2012
|- Office of National Statistics
|Agriculture<ref>{{cite web |title=GVA UKJ32 Southampton Agriculture Raw total £m – Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossvalueaddedgva/timeseries/r8uy/ragv |website=www.ons.gov.uk |publisher=Office of National Statistics |access-date=13 April 2020 |archive-date=13 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413074442/https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossvalueaddedgva/timeseries/r8uy/ragv |url-status=live }}</ref>
|£1m
|£3m
|£1m
|£1m
|-
|Business<ref>{{cite web |title=GVA UKJ32 Southampton Business Raw total £m – Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossvalueaddedgva/timeseries/r8v7/ragv |website=www.ons.gov.uk |publisher=Office of National Statistics |access-date=13 April 2020 |archive-date=13 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413074443/https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossvalueaddedgva/timeseries/r8v7/ragv |url-status=live }}</ref>
|£532m
|£685m
|£736m
|£638m
|-
|Construction<ref>{{cite web |title=GVA UKJ32 Southampton Construction Raw total £m – Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossvalueaddedgva/timeseries/r8v2/ragv |website=www.ons.gov.uk |publisher=Office of National Statistics |access-date=13 April 2020 |archive-date=13 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413074443/https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossvalueaddedgva/timeseries/r8v2/ragv |url-status=live }}</ref>
|£205m
|£269m
|£253m
|£257m
|-
|Distribution<ref>{{cite web |title=GVA UKJ32 Southampton Distribution Raw total £m – Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossvalueaddedgva/timeseries/r8v3/ragv |website=www.ons.gov.uk |publisher=Office of National Statistics |access-date=13 April 2020 |archive-date=13 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413074441/https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossvalueaddedgva/timeseries/r8v3/ragv |url-status=live }}</ref>
|£1,088m
|£1,049m
|£1,021m
|£849m
|-
|Finance<ref>{{cite web |title=GVA UKJ32 Southampton Finance Raw total £m – Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossvalueaddedgva/timeseries/r8v5/ragv |website=www.ons.gov.uk |publisher=Office of National Statistics |access-date=13 April 2020 |archive-date=13 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413074442/https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossvalueaddedgva/timeseries/r8v5/ragv |url-status=live }}</ref>
|£342m
|£397m
|£548m
|£459m
|-
|}
In 2016–17, 169,700 residents of Southampton aged 16–64 were in employment, representing a rate of 71.4% – lower than the national rate of 74.4%. 6,600 were unemployed, representing 5% of the economically active population.<ref name="Southampton Strategic Assessment 2017">{{cite web |url=http://www.publichealth.southampton.gov.uk/images/6-labour-market-sea-sep-2017-final.pdf |access-date=18 May 2020 |author=Southampton City Council |title="Southampton Strategic Assessment 2017 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807074141/http://www.publichealth.southampton.gov.uk/images/6-labour-market-sea-sep-2017-final.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2016–17, 24.8% of the city's resident population aged 16–64 were classed as economically inactive, higher than the national rate of 21.8%, although for over 40% of this group the reason was that they were students.<ref name="Southampton Strategic Assessment 2017"/>
Just over a quarter of the jobs available in the city are in the health and education sector. A further 19 per cent are property and other business and the third-largest sector is wholesale and retail, which accounts for 16.2 per cent.<ref name="southampton4">{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/Images/Southampton%20City%20Statistics%20%26%20Research%20April%202007%20v2_tcm46-177132.pdf |access-date=22 July 2007 |author=Southampton City Council |title=Southampton Statistics |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709202915/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/Images/Southampton%20City%20Statistics%20%26%20Research%20April%202007%20v2_tcm46-177132.pdf |archive-date=9 July 2007 }}</ref> Between 1995 and 2004, the number of jobs in Southampton has increased by 18.5 per cent.<ref name="ippr.org"/>
In January 2007, the average annual salary in the city was £22,267. This was £1,700 lower than the national average and £3,800 less than the average for the South East.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/Images/Southampton%20City%20Statistics%20and%20Research%20January%202007_tcm46-177131.pdf |access-date=24 July 2007 |author=Southampton City Council |title=Southampton Statistics and Research, January 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809221241/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/Images/Southampton%20City%20Statistics%20and%20Research%20January%202007_tcm46-177131.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2007 }}</ref>
Inaugurated in 1843, the [[Port of Southampton]] has served as a major source of employment for generations. It became particularly prominent as a passenger port in the first half of the 20th century, especially during the inter-war years when it handed nearly half of the UK's passenger traffic. Today, it remains a key hub for luxury [[Cruise ship|cruise ships]] and is the largest freight port on the Channel coast and the fourth-largest UK port by tonnage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/statistics/datatablespublications/maritime/ports/provportstats2007 |title=(DfT) Provisional Port Statistics 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122054646/http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/statistics/datatablespublications/maritime/ports/provportstats2007 |archive-date=22 November 2008}}</ref> Unlike other UK port cities, such as [[Liverpool]], [[London]], and [[Bristol]] - where dockside industry has largely relocated from city centres - Southampton has retained much of its inner-city industrial character.{{cn|date=May 2025}} While the western docklands remain active and continue to expand, including the opening of a fourth cruise terminal in 2009, some eastern dock areas have been redeveloped. An example is [[Ocean Village, Southampton|Ocean Village]], a mixed-use [[marina]], residential, business and leisure development. The city is also home to the headquarters of the [[Maritime and Coastguard Agency]], the [[Marine Accident Investigation Branch]] (of the Department for Transport), and cruise operator [[Carnival Corporation & plc|Carnival UK]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.travelweekly.co.uk/Articles/2007/12/12/26148/carnival-uk-signs-for-new-southampton-cruise-terminal.html |title=Carnival UK signs for new Southampton cruise terminal |publisher=TravelWeekly |date=12 December 2007 |access-date=5 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721203022/http://www.travelweekly.co.uk/Articles/2007/12/12/26148/carnival-uk-signs-for-new-southampton-cruise-terminal.html |archive-date=21 July 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businesssouthampton.com/content/default.asp?PageId=255 |title=Carnival UK |publisher=businesssouthampton.com |access-date=5 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214052257/http://www.businesssouthampton.com/content/default.asp?PageId=255 |archive-date=14 December 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
During the 20th century, a more diverse range of industry also came to the city, including aircraft and car manufacturing, cables, electrical engineering products, and petrochemicals. These developed alongside the city's older industries of the docks, grain milling and tobacco processing.<ref name="britannica.com"/><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Environment and Planning A|date=1991|volume=23|pages=677–703|title=Industrial change in southern England: a case study of the electronics and electrical engineering industry in the Southampton city-region|first1=C|last1=Mason|first2=S|last2=Pinch|first3=S|last3=Witt| issue=5 | doi=10.1068/a230677 |bibcode=1991EnPlA..23..677M | s2cid=153643115 }}</ref> Later changes saw the loss of [[Pirelli|Pirelli General]] cables and [[Joseph Rank]]'s Solent Flour Mills.<ref>{{cite web|title=Solent Flour Mills: Art deco building demolition work begins|date=15 July 2020|url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-53416271|website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>
[[File:Arundel Circus entrance to the WestQuay shopping centre - geograph.org.uk - 210260.jpg|thumb|Westquay Shopping Centre]]
[[File:Westquay_South_(previously_Watermark).jpg|thumb|Westquay South]]
[[University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust]] is one of the city's largest employers. It provides local hospital services to 500,000 people in the Southampton area and specialist regional services to more than 3 million people across the South of England. The Trust owns and manages [[Southampton General Hospital]], the [[Princess Anne Hospital]] and a palliative care service at Countess Mountbatten House, part of the [[Moorgreen Hospital]] site in the village of [[West End, Hampshire|West End]], just outside the city.
Other major employers in the city include [[Ordnance Survey]], the UK's national mapping agency, whose headquarters is located in a new building on the outskirts of the city, opened in February 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Duke of Edinburgh to officially open new Ordnance Survey head office |url=http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/news/2011/09/duke-of-edinburgh-opens-os-hq.html |publisher=Ordnance Survey |access-date=11 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120134827/https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/news/2011/09/duke-of-edinburgh-opens-os-hq.html |archive-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> The [[Lloyd's Register|Lloyd's Register Group]] has announced plans to move its London marine operations to a specially developed site at the University of Southampton.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lr.org/Industries/Marine/News/1706+Southampton.htm |access-date =19 October 2009 |date=21 April 2006 |author=Lloyd's Register |title=Lloyd's Register announces plans to move Marine operations to Southampton |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801171302/http://www.lr.org/Industries/Marine/News/1706+Southampton.htm |archive-date = 1 August 2008}}</ref>
Southampton's largest retail centre, and 27th-largest [[List of UK shopping centres|in the UK]], is the [[Westquay|Westquay Shopping Centre]], which opened in September 2000 and hosts major high street stores including [[John Lewis (department store)|John Lewis]] and [[Marks and Spencer]]. The centre was Phase Two of the West Quay development of the former [[Pirelli]] undersea cables factory; the first phase of this was the West Quay Retail Park, while the third phase, Watermark Westquay, was put on hold due to the recession. Work resumed in 2015, with plans for this third stage including shops, housing, an hotel and a public piazza alongside the Town Walls on Western Esplanade.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/latest/display.var.2413924.0.a_new_vision_for_southampton.php |access-date=6 May 2009 |date=31 July 2008 |publisher=Dailyecho.co.uk |title=A new vision for Southampton (From Daily Echo) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080811222709/http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/latest/display.var.2413924.0.a_new_vision_for_southampton.php |archive-date=11 August 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> Southampton has also been granted a licence for a large casino.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/news/casino.asp#0 |access-date=11 July 2007 |date=March 2007 |author=Southampton City Council |title=City Awarded large Casino Licence |url-status= dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927020542/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/news/casino.asp |archive-date = 27 September 2007 }}</ref> A further part of the redevelopment of the West Quay site resulted in a new store, opened on 12 February 2009, for Swedish home products retailer [[IKEA]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ikea.com/gb/en/store/southampton |access-date=19 October 2009 |author=IKEA |title=IKEA Southampton |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104041718/http://www.ikea.com/gb/en/store/southampton |archive-date=4 November 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Marlands Shopping Centre|Marlands]] is a smaller shopping centre, built in the 1990s on the site of the former bus station and located close to the northern side of [[Westquay]]. In October 2014, the [[Southampton City Council|city council]] approved a follow-up from the Westquay park, WestQuay Watermark. Construction by [[Sir Robert McAlpine]] commenced in January 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=McAlpine wins £70m WestQuay Watermark centre in Southampton |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/buildings/contracts/sir-robert-mcalpine-wins-hammersons-70m-southampton-leisure-scheme-12-12-2014/ |website=Construction News |access-date=5 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414205936/http://www.cnplus.co.uk/news/contracts/sir-robert-mcalpine-wins-hammersons-70m-southampton-leisure-scheme/8673936.article#.VNOUofmsXzg |archive-date=14 April 2015 |url-status=live |date=12 December 2014}}</ref> Opened in 2016–2017, it has been renamed [[Westquay#Westquay South|Westquay South]].
In 2007, Southampton was ranked 13th for shopping in the UK.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/Images/City%20of%20Culture%20pages%2013-24_tcm46-220390.pdf |access-date=19 October 2009 |author=Southampton City Council |title=4. An International City of Culture |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322024642/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/Images/City%20of%20Culture%20pages%2013-24_tcm46-220390.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref>
Southampton currently has three major city centre regeneration schemes under way. Construction on the £132m Bargate Quarter scheme, which is being built on the site of the former Bargate Centre, started in February 2022 and will provide over 500 new homes, new retail and hospitality venues and a new linear park running alongside the medieval town walls which is hoped to be completed by late 2024. A £200m redevelopment scheme opposite [[Southampton Central railway station|Southampton Central Railway Station]] is also planned and will replace the former Toys R Us store which is situated off Western Esplanade. The {{cvt|4.8|acre|adj=on}} Maritime Gateway scheme will have a new pedestrian-led public area with 600 new homes and new commercial space. Located close to the waterfront, Leisure World is Southampton's largest redevelopment project covering {{cvt|13|acres}} and replacing the original Leisure World development which first opened in 1997. The £280m scheme will deliver 650 new homes, two hotels, a cinema, casino and catering outlets, with the first phase expected to complete by 2024/25.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}
PwC's Good Growth for Cities 2020 index places Southampton in the top three cities in England in terms of growth.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/19029378.good-growth-index-puts-southampton-third---pandemic-recovery-may-slower/ |access-date=4 March 2022 |author=Daily Echo |title=Good Growth Index puts Southampton third – but pandemic recovery may be slower|date=22 January 2021 }}</ref> This strength has enabled the city to establish a reputation as a place to do business and has attracted nationally and internationally significant businesses.{{clarify|date=March 2022}} Prior to the pandemic, Southampton's economy was valued at £8.3 billion [[Gross value added|GVA]] and in 2021 £7.84 billion. In 2022 GVA is forecast to recover to £8.2 billion. GVA growth was 10.6% in 2021 as the economy rebounded and growth returned. In 2022 GVA growth is forecast to be just over 5%.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}
==Culture, media and sport==
===Culture===
[[File:Southampton - Maison Tudor 02.JPG|thumb|Tudor House, City Centre]]
[[File:SeaCity Museum.jpg|thumb|SeaCity Museum, Civic Centre]]
The city is home to the longest surviving stretch of medieval walls in England,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/policies/6%20Introduction.pdf |access-date=3 December 2014 |author=Southampton County Council |title=Old Town Development Strategy—Final Report |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211032859/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/policies/6%20Introduction.pdf |archive-date=11 December 2014}}</ref> as well as a number of museums such as [[Tudor House Museum]], reopened on 30 July 2011 after undergoing extensive restoration and improvement; [[Southampton Maritime Museum]];<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/s-leisure/artsheritage/museums-galleries/maritimemuseum.aspx |access-date = 19 October 2009 |author=Southampton County Council |title=The Maritime Museum |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425064848/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/s-leisure/artsheritage/museums-galleries/maritimemuseum.aspx |archive-date=25 April 2010 }}</ref> God's House Tower, an archaeology museum about the city's heritage and located in one of the tower walls; the [[Medieval Merchant's House]]; and [[Solent Sky]], which focuses on aviation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spitfireonline.co.uk/ |title=Solent Sky |access-date=30 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324073251/http://www.spitfireonline.co.uk/ |archive-date=24 March 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[SeaCity Museum]] is located in the west wing of the civic centre, formerly occupied by Hampshire Constabulary and the Magistrates' Court, and focuses on Southampton's trading history and on the [[RMS Titanic|''Titanic'']]. The museum received half a million pounds from the [[National Lottery (United Kingdom)|National Lottery]] in addition to interest from numerous private investors and is budgeted at £28 million.
The annual [[Southampton Boat Show]] is held in September each year, with over 600 exhibitors present.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/leisure/events/southampton-boat-show.asp |access-date=28 July 2007 |date=16 May 2007 |author=Southampton City Council |title=Southampton Boat Show |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913212952/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/leisure/events/southampton-boat-show.asp |archive-date=13 September 2008 }}</ref> It runs for just over a week at Mayflower Park on the city's waterfront, where it has been held since 1968.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southamptonboatshow.com/ |access-date=28 July 2007 |author=Southampton Boat Show official website |title=Southampton Boat Show |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703204631/http://www.southamptonboatshow.com/ |archive-date=3 July 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Boat Show itself is the climax of Sea City, which runs from April to September each year to celebrate Southampton's links with the sea.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seacity.co.uk/ |access-date=28 July 2007 |author=Celebrating Southampton's Connection With The Sea |title=Sea City 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809085236/http://www.seacity.co.uk/ |archive-date=9 August 2007 }}</ref>
The largest theatre in the city is the 2,300-capacity [[Mayflower Theatre]] (formerly known as the Gaumont), which, as the largest theatre in [[Southern England]] outside London, has hosted West End shows such as ''[[Les Misérables (musical)|Les Misérables]]'', ''[[The Rocky Horror Show]]'' and ''[[Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (musical)|Chitty Chitty Bang Bang]]'', as well as regular visits from [[Welsh National Opera]] and [[English National Ballet]]. There is also the Nuffield Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nuffieldtheatre.co.uk/ |access-date=19 October 2009 |author=The Nuffield Theatre |title=The Nuffield Southampton |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806073812/http://www.nuffieldtheatre.co.uk/ |archive-date=6 August 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> based at the University of Southampton's Highfield campus, which is the city's primary producing theatre. It was awarded The Stage Award for Best Regional Theatre in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-31058983 |access-date=22 November 2015 |author=BBC Online |title=Stage Awards Honour Theatre Industry |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001203630/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-31058983 |archive-date=1 October 2015 |url-status=live |work=BBC News |date=30 January 2015}}</ref> It also hosts touring companies and local performing societies (such as Southampton Operatic Society, the Maskers and the University Players).
There are many innovative art galleries in the city. The [[Southampton City Art Gallery]] at the [[Civic Centre, Southampton|Civic Centre]] is one of the best known and as well as a nationally important [[Designated Collection]], houses several permanent and travelling exhibitions. The Solent Showcase at [[Southampton Solent University]], the John Hansard Gallery at Southampton University as well as smaller galleries including the Art House<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thearthousesouthampton.co.uk/ |access-date=19 October 2009 |author=The Art House Gallery Cafe |title=The Art House Southampton CIC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026010257/http://www.thearthousesouthampton.co.uk/ |archive-date=26 October 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=organisation's own website|date=October 2020}} in Above Bar Street provide a different view.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bedfordplace.co.uk |access-date=19 October 2009 |author=Bedford Place |title=Welcome to Bedford Place |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090916014302/http://www.bedfordplace.co.uk/ |archive-date=16 September 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> The city's [[Bargate]] contains an art gallery run by the arts organisation "a space" who also run the Art Vaults project. This uses several of Southampton's medieval vaults, chambers, halls and cellars as venues for contemporary art installations.
[[File:John Hansard Gallery.jpg|thumb|left|John Hansard Gallery and City Eye]]In the heart of Southampton's city centre, you will find the Cultural Quarter, which has developed over recent years to become a rich and bustling arts space complete with a fusion of galleries, museums, theatres restaurants, bars, and cafés. The Cultural Quarter is home to the Southampton O2 Guildhall, MAST (Mayflower Studies), the John Hansard Gallery (Studio 144) and City Eye, the much-anticipated new arts centre for Southampton. It is also home to Southampton Art Gallery which first opened its doors in 1939 and offers the opportunity to enjoy national and international quality exhibitions ranging from painting, sculpture, and drawing, to photography and film, as well as permanent collection and displays. The gallery has a unique partnership with the National Gallery in London which, in 2021, was celebrated with an exhibition entitled "Creating a National Collection: The Partnership Between Southampton City Art Gallery and the National Gallery."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Avery-Quash |first1=Susanna |last2=Craig |first2=Jemma |title=Creating a National Collection |date=2021 |publisher=Southampton Art gallery |___location=Southampton |isbn=978-1-8384699-0-0}}</ref>
The Cultural Quarter's Guildhall Square often plays host to events and promotions such as [[Southampton Pride]], Chinese New Year festivities, Seaside in the Square, Oktoberfest, Music in the city, Re:claim Street festival, the Southampton Slamma Skateboarding festival and it is also a start and finish area for the ABP Southampton Marathon, as well as it being the Southampton Remembrance Parade start and finish point.
Events in Southampton are generally promoted via the Visit Southampton website.
====Shortlisted bid for UK City of Culture 2025====
In October 2021, Southampton was longlisted for the [[UK City of Culture]] 2025.<ref name="UKGOV"/> The final bid, submitted on 2 February 2022 was marked by lighting The Bargate red with #MakeItSO projected across it. The city's bid includes plans to celebrate Southampton's people and places, its rich heritage and diversity, the world-class sports and venues, the parks and green spaces and food and drink. On 19 March 2022 it was announced that Southampton had made the short-list of four, alongside [[City of Bradford|Bradford]], [[County Durham (district)|County Durham]], and [[Wrexham County Borough]]. In May 2022, it lost its bid, with the winner announced to be [[Bradford UK City of Culture 2025|Bradford]].<ref name="UKGOV">{{Cite web |title=Bradford crowned UK City of Culture 2025 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/bradford-crowned-uk-city-of-culture-2025|date=31 May 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022|website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref>
====Music====
[[File:MayflowerTheatre.JPG|thumb|The Mayflower Theatre]]
Southampton has two large live music venues, the Mayflower Theatre (formerly the Gaumont Theatre) and the [[Southampton Guildhall|Guildhall]]. The Guildhall has seen concerts from a wide range of popular artists, including [[Pink Floyd]],<ref name="guildhall tickets">{{cite web |url=http://www.livenation.co.uk/southampton |title=Southampton Guildhall Tickets |publisher=Live Nation Worldwide, Inc. |access-date=9 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201065524/http://www.livenation.co.uk/southampton |archive-date=1 February 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[David Bowie]],<ref name="guildhall tickets"/> [[Delirious?]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.delirious.org.uk/discog/ukalbums/dtour.html |title=d:Tour 1997 Live @ Southampton |access-date=9 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104052441/http://www.delirious.org.uk/discog/ukalbums/dtour.html |archive-date=4 January 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Manic Street Preachers]],<ref name="guildhall tickets"/> [[The Killers]],<ref name="guildhall tickets"/> [[The Kaiser Chiefs]],<ref name="guildhall tickets"/> [[Amy Winehouse]], [[Bob Dylan]], [[Suede (band)|Suede]], [[Arctic Monkeys]], and [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]].<ref name="guildhall tickets"/> It also hosts classical concerts presented by the [[Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bsolive.com/concerts/venues/venuedetails.htm?venueid=69289 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030234601/http://www.bsolive.com/concerts/venues/venuedetails.htm?venueid=69289 |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 October 2009 |access-date=29 March 2010 |title=Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra}}</ref> City of Southampton Orchestra,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csorchestra.org/ |access-date=29 March 2010 |title=City of Southampton Orchestra |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106205621/http://www.csorchestra.org/ |archive-date=6 January 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Southampton Concert Orchestra,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.concertorchestra.com/ |access-date=29 March 2010 |title=Southampton Concert Orchestra |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100428010726/http://www.concertorchestra.com/ |archive-date=28 April 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Southampton Philharmonic Choir]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southamptonphil.org |access-date=29 March 2010 |title=Southampton Philharmonic Choir |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512091936/http://www.southamptonphil.org/ |archive-date=12 May 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> Southampton Choral Society,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://southamptonchoralsociety.org.uk/ |access-date=29 March 2010 |title=Southampton Choral Society |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002154715/http://southamptonchoralsociety.org.uk/ |archive-date=2 October 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the City of Southampton (Albion) Band.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}
The city also has several smaller music venues, including the Brook, Engine Rooms,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://engineroomssouthampton.com/ |access-date=18 July 2018 |work=The MRJ group |title=Engine Rooms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718114702/http://engineroomssouthampton.com/ |archive-date=18 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> The 1865,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.the1865.com/ |access-date=18 July 2018 |title=The 1865: Southampton's newest live venue |work=Music Venue |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718123030/http://www.the1865.com/ |archive-date=18 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[The Joiners]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.joinerslive.co.uk/ |access-date=18 July 2018 |title=The Joiners |work=Music Venue |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707182114/http://www.joinerslive.co.uk/ |archive-date=7 July 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> and Turner Sims,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.turnersims.co.uk/ |access-date=18 July 2018 |title=Turner Sims |work=Concert Hall |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718150335/https://www.turnersims.co.uk/ |archive-date=18 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> as well as smaller "club circuit" venues like Hampton's and Lennon's, and a number of public houses including the Platform tavern, the Dolphin, the Blue Keys and many others. The Joiners has played host to such acts as [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]], [[Radiohead]], [[Green Day]], [[Suede (band)|Suede]], [[PJ Harvey]], [[the Manic Street Preachers]], [[Coldplay]], [[the Verve]], [[the Libertines]], and [[Franz Ferdinand (band)|Franz Ferdinand]], while Hampton's and Lennon's have hosted early appearances by [[Kate Nash]], [[Scouting for Girls]], and [[Band of Skulls]].
The city is home or birthplace to a number of contemporary musicians such as popstar [[Craig David]], [[Coldplay]] drummer [[Will Champion]], [[Alt-J]] singer Joe Newman, singer-songwriter [[Aqualung (musician)|Aqualung]], former [[The Holloways|Holloways]] singer Rob Skipper, 1980s popstar [[Howard Jones (British musician)|Howard Jones]], as well as Grammy Award-winning popstar [[Foxes (singer)|Foxes]]. Several active rock and metal bands were formed in Southampton, including [[Band of Skulls]], [[Bury Tomorrow]], [[Creeper (band)|Creeper]], and [[The Delays]]. Southampton had a prominent [[UK Garage]] scene, championed by the duo [[Artful Dodger (UK band)|Artful Dodger]], who formed in the city in the late 1990s,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.residentadvisor.net/dj/artfuldodger |title=RA: Artful Dodger |access-date=5 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505221722/https://www.residentadvisor.net/dj/artfuldodger |archive-date=5 May 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> as well as the UKG, grime and bassline producer, [[Royal-T]], part of the TQD group formed with [[DJ Q]] and Flava D.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://soundcloud.com/royaltmusic |title=royaltmusic |access-date=30 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426063938/https://soundcloud.com/royaltmusic |archive-date=26 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Notable bands who are now defunct include [[Thomas Tantrum]] (disbanded 2011), [[Kids Can't Fly]] (disbanded 2014), and [[Heart in Hand (band)|Heart in Hand]] (disbanded 2015).
===Media===
Local media include the ''[[Southern Daily Echo]]'' newspaper based in [[Redbridge, Hampshire|Redbridge]] and ''[[BBC South]]'', which has its regional headquarters in the [[Southampton City Centre|city centre]] opposite the civic centre. From there the BBC broadcasts ''[[BBC South Today|South Today]]'', the local television news bulletin and [[BBC Radio Solent]]. The local ITV franchise is [[ITV Meridian|Meridian]], which has its headquarters in [[Whiteley]], around {{cvt|9|mi}} from the city. Until December 2004, the station's studios were located in the [[Northam, Hampshire|Northam]] area of the city on land reclaimed from the River Itchen. [[That's Solent]] is a local television channel that began broadcasting in November 2014, which will be based in and serve Southampton and Portsmouth.
Southampton also has four community FM radio stations, the Queens Award-winning Unity 101 Community Radio,<ref>[http://www.unity101.org/ Unity 101 home page] accessed 20 May 2022</ref> broadcasting full-time on 101.1{{nbsp}}MHz since 2006 to the Asian and ethnic communities, and [[Voice FM 103.9|Voice FM]],<ref>[http://www.voicefmradio.co.uk 103.9 Voice FM home page] accessed 20 May 2022</ref> located in St Mary's, which has been broadcasting full-time on 103.9{{nbsp}}MHz since September 2011. A third station, Awaaz FM,<ref>[http://www.awaazfm.co.uk Awaaz FM 99.8 Community Radio home page] accessed 20 May 2022</ref> broadcasts on DAB digital to South Hampshire and on FM to Southampton. It caters for the Asian and ethnic community. The fourth community station is Fiesta FM and broadcasts on 95{{nbsp}}MHz.
{{As of|2023|3}}, the most popular commercial radio station is the [[Adult contemporary music|adult contemporary]] regional radio station [[Wave 105]] (13.7%), followed by the [[Contemporary hit radio|hit music]] station [[Capital South]] (2.4%) a networked station from London with local breakfast and drive shows. Other stations include [[Heart South]] (6.8%), [[Nation Radio South Coast]] (2.0%) and [[Easy Radio South Coast]] (0.3%).<ref>{{Cite web |title=RAJAR |url=https://www.rajar.co.uk/listening/quarterly_listening.php |access-date=8 May 2023 |website=www.rajar.co.uk}}</ref> In addition, Southampton University has a radio station called [[SURGE 1287AM|SURGE]], broadcasting on AM band as well as through the web.
===Sport===
[[File:StMary'sStadium-1.jpg|thumb|left|St Mary's Stadium]]
Southampton is home to [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton Football Club]], nicknamed "The Saints" since 1885; the club currently plays in the [[Premier League]] at [[St Mary's Stadium]], having relocated in 2001 from their 103-year-old former stadium, "[[The Dell (Southampton)|The Dell]]". They reached the top flight of English football ([[Football League First Division|First Division]]) for the first time in 1966, staying there for eight years. They lifted the [[FA Cup]] with a shock victory over [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] in 1976, returned to the top flight two years later, and stayed there for 27 years (becoming founder members of the [[Premier League]] in 1992) before they were relegated in 2005. The club was promoted back to the Premier League in 2012 following a brief spell in the third tier and severe financial difficulties. In 2015, "The Saints" finished 7th in the Premier League, their highest league finish in 30 years, after a remarkable season under new manager [[Ronald Koeman]]. Their highest league position came in 1984 when they were runners-up in the old First Division. They were also runners-up in the 1979 [[Football League Cup]] final and 2003 [[FA Cup final]]. Notable former managers include [[Ted Bates (footballer)|Ted Bates]], [[Lawrie McMenemy]], [[Chris Nicholl]], [[Ian Branfoot]] and [[Gordon Strachan]]. There is a strong rivalry with [[Portsmouth F.C.]] ("[[South Coast derby]]") which is located only about {{cvt|30|km|-1|order=flip}} away.
[[Southampton Women's F.C.]] won the inaugural [[Women's FA Cup]] in [[1971 WFA Cup final|1971]] when they beat [[Kilmarnock FC Women|Stewarton Thistle]] 4–1 at [[Crystal Palace National Sports Centre]]. In total they won the tournament eight times between 1971 and 1981. A separate club called [[Southampton Saints Girls & Ladies F.C.|Red Star Southampton]] reached the final in [[1992 WFA Cup final|1992]], losing 4–0 to [[Doncaster Belles]], and their successors Southampton Saints lost the [[1999 FA Women's Cup final|1999]] final to [[Arsenal W.F.C.|Arsenal]] before dissolving in 2019.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Slegg Chris |first1=Gregory Patricia |title=A History of the Women's FA Cup |date=2021 |publisher=the historypress |isbn=9780750996594 |page=242-244}}</ref> The current team [[Southampton F.C. Women]] play in the [[Women's Championship (England)|Women's Championship]] as of the 2024–25 season.<ref>{{cite web |title=FA Women's Championship |url=https://www.skysports.com/womens-championship-table |website=SkySports |access-date=12 November 2024}}</ref>
The two local Sunday Leagues in the Southampton area are the City of Southampton Sunday Football League and the Southampton and District Sunday Football League.
[[File:England vs Sri Lanka.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|The Utilita Bowl hosting a [[Twenty20 International]]]] [[Hampshire County Cricket Club]] play close to the city, at the [[Utilita Bowl]] in [[West End, Hampshire|West End]], after previously playing at the [[County Ground, Southampton|County Cricket Ground]] and the [[Antelope Ground]], both near the city centre. The [[Southern Brave]] team of [[The Hundred (cricket)|The Hundred]] also play at the Ageas Bowl, being the inaugural winners in the men's competition, and two-time finalists in the women's.
The city also has a semi-professional basketball club, the [[Solent Kestrels]]. Founded in 1998 the team currently plays at the Solent Sports Complex, on the Solent University campus. They currently play in the [[National Basketball League (England)|NBL Division 1]].
The city hockey club, Southampton Hockey Club, founded in 1938, is now one of the largest and highly regarded clubs in Hampshire, fielding 7 senior men's and 5 senior women's teams on a weekly basis along with boys' and girls' teams from 6 upwards.
The city is also well provided for in amateur men's and women's rugby with a number of teams in and around the city, the oldest of which is Trojans RFC,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.trojansrugby.co.uk/ |title=Trojans RFC |access-date=26 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603021532/http://www.trojansrugby.co.uk/ |archive-date=3 June 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> which was promoted to London South West 2 division in 2008/9. A notable former player is [[Anthony Allen (rugby union)|Anthony Allen]], who played with Leicester Tigers as a centre. Tottonians<ref>[http://www.tottonians.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807051714/http://tottonians.com/|date=7 August 2018}}.</ref> are also in London South West division 2 and Southampton RFC<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.southamptonrugby.co.uk./ |title=Southampton Rugby Club|access-date=26 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618051921/http://www.southamptonrugby.co.uk/ |archive-date=18 June 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> are in Hampshire division 1 in 2009/10, alongside Millbrook RFC<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.millbrookrfc.co.uk./ |title=Welcome to Millbrook RFC |access-date=26 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421223044/http://www.millbrookrfc.co.uk/ |archive-date=21 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> and Eastleigh RFC. Many of the sides run mini and midi teams from under sevens up to under sixteens for both boys and girls.
The city provides for [[yachting]] and water sports, with a number of marinas. From 1977 to 2001 the Whitbread Around the World Yacht Race, now the [[Volvo Ocean Race]], was based in Southampton's [[Ocean Village, Southampton|Ocean Village marina]].
Southampton Sports Centre is the focal point for the public's sporting and outdoor activities and includes an alpine centre with a dry ski slope, a theme park, and an athletics centre which is used by professional athletes Along with 11 other leisure venues which were formerly operated by the council leisure services, the operating rights have been sold to Park Wood Leisure.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/Images/sports%20centre_tcm46-176683.pdf |access-date=26 August 2007 |author=Southampton City Council |title=Outdoor Sports Centre |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221603/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/Images/sports%20centre_tcm46-176683.pdf |archive-date=25 September 2007 }}</ref>
Southampton was named "fittest city in the UK" in 2006 by ''[[Men's Fitness]]'' magazine. The results were based on the incidence of heart disease, the amount of junk food and alcohol consumed, and the level of gym membership.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://society.guardian.co.uk/health/news/0,,1699580,00.html |access-date=26 July 2007 |date=1 February 2006 |work=The Guardian |___location=UK |title=Bradford named UK's fattest city |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212203824/http://society.guardian.co.uk/health/news/0,,1699580,00.html |archive-date=12 February 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2007, it had slipped one place behind London, but was still ranked first when it came to the parks and green spaces available for exercise and the amount of television watched by Sotonians was the lowest in the country. Thousands enter and run the Southampton Marathon in April every year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jcisouthampton.co.uk/news.php?id=26 |access-date=26 July 2007 |date=24 March 2007 |work=JCI Southampton |title=Southampton Still Amongst The Fittest |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705150044/http://www.jcisouthampton.co.uk/news.php?id=26 |archive-date=5 July 2007 }}</ref> Speedway and racing took place at [[Banister Court Stadium]] in the pre-war era. It returned in the 1940s after WW2 and the Saints operated until the stadium closed down at the end of 1963. A training track operated in the 1950s in the Hamble area. [[Greyhound racing in the United Kingdom|Greyhound racing]] was also held at the stadium from 1928 to 1963.
Southampton is also home to two [[American football]] teams, the Solent Thrashers, who play at the Test Park Sports Ground, and the Southampton Stags, who play at the Wide Lane Sports Facility in [[Eastleigh]].
The world's oldest surviving bowling green is the [[Southampton Old Bowling Green]], which was first used in 1299.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A311482 |access-date=6 January 2009 |author=BBC Online |title=Southampton Old Bowling Green, Southampton, England |date=14 June 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611021631/http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A311482 |archive-date=11 June 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>
The city is home to two [[Octopush]] (also known as underwater hockey) clubs. Bournemouth and Southampton Octopush Club <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gbuwh.co.uk/clubs/bournemouth | title=Bournemouth & Southampton – Home Page }}</ref> and Totton Octopush Club.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gbuwh.co.uk/clubs/totton | title=Totton Octopush Club – TOC – Home Page }}</ref> Both clubs train at Totton Leisure Centre (with Bournemouth and Southampton OC also training in [[Ringwood, Hampshire|Ringwood]]). In the 2023 Nautilus Tournament, Bournemouth and Southampton OC finished 7th (out of 7) in Division 2 with Totton finishing 7th in Division 6.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1pNnkrTra9ZvjJRzc0Qr2ebZZHOlKpCRXx_AGMoSCB2Q/edit#gid=1742745857 | title=Nautilus 2023 Results }}</ref>
==Emergency services==
[[File:So'ton Central Police Station.jpg|thumb|Southampton Central Police Station]]
Southampton's police service is provided by [[Hampshire Constabulary]]. The main base of the Southampton operation is a new, eight-storey purpose-built building which cost £30 million to construct. The building, located on Southern Road, opened in 2011 and is near to [[Southampton Central railway station]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Southampton's £30m police HQ opens |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-12659487 |access-date=11 March 2012 |newspaper=BBC News |date=7 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426232550/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-12659487 |archive-date=26 April 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> Previously, the central Southampton operation was located within the west wing of the Civic Centre; however, the ageing facilities and the plans of constructing a new museum in the old police station and magistrates court necessitated the move. There are additional police stations at [[Portswood]] and Banister Park as well as a [[British Transport Police]] station at [[Southampton Central railway station]]. In the year ending June 2019, the crime rate in Southampton was higher than the average crime rate across similar areas.<ref>{{cite web |title=Crime comparison |url=https://www.police.uk/hampshire/2SN01/performance/compare-your-area/ |website=Police.uk |access-date=31 January 2020 |archive-date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131144219/https://www.police.uk/hampshire/2SN01/performance/compare-your-area/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Southampton's fire cover is provided by [[Hampshire & Isle of Wight Fire and Rescue Service]]. There are three fire stations within the city boundaries at [[St Mary's, Hampshire|St Mary's]], Hightown and [[Redbridge, Hampshire|Redbridge]].
The ambulance service is provided by [[South Central Ambulance Service]], who respond from stations in [[Nursling]] and [[Hightown, Hampshire|Hightown]], both on the outskirts of the city.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}
The national headquarters of the [[Maritime and Coastguard Agency]] is located in Commercial Road.
==Education==
{{See also|List of schools in Southampton}}
[[File:National Oceanography Centre Southampton UK seen from waterfront.jpg|thumb|right|The National Oceanography Centre, Southampton]]
[[File:George Thomas Student Services Building, University of Southampton.jpg|thumb|right|The George Thomas building at the University of Southampton]]
Southampton has two universities, namely the University of Southampton and Solent University.<ref>{{cite news |title=Will brexit damage UK universities? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/2018/sep/20/2vcs-on-will-brexit-damage-uk-universities |access-date=9 November 2018 |work=The Guardian |date=20 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109112152/https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/2018/sep/20/2vcs-on-will-brexit-damage-uk-universities |archive-date=9 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Together, they have a student population of 40,000. Though students numbers had increased in the 80s, 90s, and up to 2011, they began to reduce due to changes in immigration rules and dropped further after 2016 due to [[Brexit]]. Of these, 2,880 are from EU, and the rest are from UK, Asia and Africa.<ref>{{cite book |title=Brexit and student housing |date=1 May 2017 |publisher=KPMG |___location=London |edition=1 |url=https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/uk/pdf/2017/05/brexit-and-student-accommodation.pdf?logActivity=true |access-date=9 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109153104/https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/uk/pdf/2017/05/brexit-and-student-accommodation.pdf?logActivity=true |archive-date=9 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Higher education students – where do they come from. A live report |url=https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students/where-from#detailed |website=www.hesa.ac.uk |publisher=HESA |access-date=9 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109112001/https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students/where-from#detailed |archive-date=9 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
The [[University of Southampton]], which was founded in 1862 and received its Royal Charter as a university in 1952, has over 22,000 students.<ref name="southampton.ac.uk"/> The university is ranked in the top 100 research universities in the world in the [[Academic Ranking of World Universities]] 2010. In 2010, the [[THES - QS World University Rankings]] positioned the University of Southampton in the top 80 universities in the world. The university considers itself one of the top 5 research universities in the UK.<ref name="southampton.ac.uk">{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.ac.uk/about/index.html |access-date=28 July 2007 |author=University of Southampton |title=About Us |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070805031102/http://www.southampton.ac.uk/about/index.html |archive-date=5 August 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2002/materials/work/slides/HERO%20-%20Higher%20Education%20&%20Research%20Opportunities%20in%20the%20UK%20Southampton,%20University%20of.htm |access-date=28 July 2007 |author=HERO |title=University of Southampton |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070914040144/http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2002/materials/work/slides/HERO%20-%20Higher%20Education%20%26%20Research%20Opportunities%20in%20the%20UK%20Southampton%2C%20University%20of.htm |archive-date=14 September 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/universityguide/profile/story/0,,490864,00.html |date=1 May 2007 |access-date=28 July 2007 |author=Guardian Unlimited |title=University of Southampton |___location=London |work=The Guardian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070806154613/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/universityguide/profile/story/0,,490864,00.html |archive-date=6 August 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> The university has a global reputation for research into engineering sciences,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.ac.uk/ses/ |access-date=19 October 2007 |author=University of Southampton |title=School of Engineering Sciences |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080121180950/http://www.southampton.ac.uk/ses/ |archive-date=21 January 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[oceanography]], [[chemistry]], [[cancer|cancer sciences]], sound and vibration research,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.isvr.soton.ac.uk |date=9 October 2008 |access-date=9 October 2008 |title=University of Southampton, Institute of Sound and Vibration Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081108030424/http://www.isvr.soton.ac.uk/ |archive-date=8 November 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> computer science, electronics, and [[optoelectronics]]. It is also home to the [[National Oceanography Centre, Southampton]] (NOCS), the focus of [[Natural Environment Research Council]]-funded [[marine (ocean)|marine]] research.
[[Southampton Solent University]] has 17,000<ref>{{cite news |url=http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/universityguide/profile/story/0,,491283,00.html |date=1 May 2007 |access-date=28 July 2007 |author=Guardian Unlimited |title=Southampton Solent University |___location=London |work=The Guardian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070806110343/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/universityguide/profile/story/0,,491283,00.html |archive-date=6 August 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> students and its strengths are in the training, design, consultancy, research and other services undertaken for business and industry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/building-planning/planning/ldf/localplanreview/planreview-textinweb/chapter6/primary-secondary/solent-uni.asp?view=text |access-date=28 July 2007 |author=Southampton City Council |title=Southampton Solent University |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927020139/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/building-planning/planning/ldf/localplanreview/planreview-textinweb/chapter6/primary-secondary/solent-uni.asp?view=text |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref> It is also host to the [[Warsash Maritime School]], which provides training and certification for the international shipping and off-shore oil industries.<ref name="w514">{{cite web | title=Warsash Maritime School | website=The Society of Maritime Industries (SMI) | date=2025-07-10 | url=https://www.maritimeindustries.org/directory/warsash-maritime-school | access-date=2025-07-14}}</ref>
In addition to state school sixth forms at [[St. Anne's Catholic School (Southampton)|St Anne's]] and [[Bitterne Park School]] and an independent sixth form at [[King Edward VI School, Southampton|King Edward's]], there are two sixth-form colleges: [[Itchen College]] and [[Richard Taunton Sixth Form College]], and a [[further education]] college, [[Southampton City College]]. A number of Southampton pupils travel outside the city, for example to [[Barton Peveril College]].{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}
There are 79 state-run schools in Southampton, comprising:
*1 nursery school (The Hardmoor Early Years Centre in [[Bassett Green]])
*21 infant schools (ages 4 – 7)
*16 junior schools (ages 7 – 11)
*24 primary schools (ages 4 – 11)
*8 secondary schools (ages 11 – 16)
*2 secondary schools with sixth forms (ages 11–18)
*3 secondary academies ([[Oasis Academy Mayfield]], [[Oasis Academy Lord's Hill]] and [[Oasis Academy Sholing]])
*5 special schools<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/childrenandlearning/educationandschools/schools/schoolwebsites/default.asp#0 |title=School websites and contact details |publisher=Southampton City Council |access-date=11 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101161822/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/childrenandlearning/educationandschools/schools/schoolwebsites/default.asp |archive-date=1 January 2009}}</ref>
There are also independent schools, including [[The Gregg School]] and [[King Edward VI School, Southampton|King Edward VI School]]. Former independent schools included [[St Mary's Independent School, Southampton|St Mary's Independent School]] and [[The Atherley School]].
==Transport==
{{more citations needed section|date=August 2014}}
{{Main|Transport in South Hampshire}}
===Road===
Southampton is a major UK port which has good transport links with the rest of the country. The [[M27 motorway]], linking places along the south coast of England, runs just to the north of the city. The [[M3 motorway (Great Britain)|M3 motorway]] links the city to London and also with the Midlands and North, via a link to the [[A34 road (England)|A34]] (part of the [[European route E05]]) at [[Winchester]]. The [[M271 motorway]] is a spur of the M27, linking it with the Western Docks and city centre.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Region |url=https://nationalhighways.co.uk/media/m1peaahb/updated_tube-style-he-south-east-region-copy.jpg |website=nationalhighways.co.uk |access-date=16 July 2024}}</ref>
===Rail===
[[File:Southampton Central Station.jpg|thumb|Southampton Central railway station]]
Southampton is served by the [[Rail transport in Great Britain|rail network]], both by freight services to and from the docks and passenger services as part of the [[National Rail|national rail]] system. The main station in the city is {{rws|Southampton Central}}. Rail routes run:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Timetables |work=South Western Railway |date=2 June 2024 |access-date=3 July 2024 |url= https://www.southwesternrailway.com/plan-my-journey/timetables |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Timetables |work=Southern Railway |date=2 June 2024 |access-date=3 July 2024 |url= https://www.southernrailway.com/travel-information/plan-your-journey/timetables |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Train Times |work=Great Western Railway |date=2 June 2024 |access-date=3 July 2024 |url= https://www.gwr.com/travel-information/train-times |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Train Timetables |work=CrossCountry |date=2 June 2024 |access-date=3 July 2024 |url= https://www.crosscountrytrains.co.uk/travel-updates-information/train-timetables |quote=}}</ref>
* East towards [[Portsmouth Harbour railway station|Portsmouth]], {{rws|Chichester}}, {{rws|Worthing}} and {{rws|Brighton}};
* North to {{rws|Winchester}}, the [[Midlands]] and [[London Waterloo railway station|London]];
* West to [[Bournemouth railway station|Bournemouth]], [[Poole railway station|Poole]], [[Dorchester South railway station|Dorchester]] and {{rws|Weymouth}};
* North-west towards [[Salisbury railway station|Salisbury]], [[Bristol Temple Meads railway station|Bristol]] and [[Cardiff Central railway station|Cardiff]].
The route to London was opened in 1840, by what was to become the [[London and South Western Railway]] Company. Both this and its successor, [[Southern Railway (UK)|Southern Railway]], played a significant role in the creation of the modern port following their purchase and development of the town's docks.
The town was the subject of an attempt by a separate company, the [[Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway]], to open another rail route to the North in the 1880s and some building work, including a surviving embankment, was undertaken in the Hill Lane area. However an agreement was made to construct a junction with the existing LSWR main line south of Winchester.<ref name="Sands">{{cite book |title=Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway |last=Sands |first=T.B. |year=1971 |isbn=978-0-85361-023-6 |page=16|publisher=Oakwood Press }}</ref>
===Air===
[[Southampton Airport]] is a regional airport located in the town of [[Eastleigh]], just north of the city. It offers flights to UK and near European destinations, and is connected to the city by a frequent rail service from [[Southampton Airport Parkway railway station]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.southamptonairport.com/to-from-the-airport/by-train/ |title=Travel by train to Southampton Airport |website=www.southamptonairport.com |access-date=28 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829000333/https://www.southamptonairport.com/to-from-the-airport/by-train/ |archive-date=29 August 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> and by bus services.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.southamptonairport.com/to-from-the-airport/by-bus/ |title=Travel by bus to Southampton Airport |website=www.southamptonairport.com |access-date=28 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106192010/https://www.southamptonairport.com/to-from-the-airport/by-bus/ |archive-date=6 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
For longer flights, [[Heathrow Airport|Heathrow]] and [[Gatwick Airport|Gatwick]] airports are linked by regular [[National Express Coaches|National Express]] coach services.<ref>{{cite web |title=Route Map from Southampton |url=https://routemap.nationalexpress.com/search/from/southampton_coach_station_harbour_parade |website=routemap.nationalexpress.com |access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref>
==
[[File:New Ocean Terminal with Queen Mary 2 - geograph.org.uk - 1577263.jpg|thumb|''Queen Mary 2'' at the new Ocean Terminal, with Isle of Wight passenger ferry ''Red Jet 3'']]
Southampton's tradition of luxury cruising began in the 1840s, one of the pioneers being [[P&O]], who advertised tours to Egypt.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Arnott |first1=Alastair |title=Southampton, Gateway to the World |page=68 |publisher=The History Press |date=2010}}</ref> The city was one of Europe's main ports for ocean passenger travel to North America and elsewhere, with British, French, and US liners regularly visiting.
Many of the world's largest cruise ships can regularly be seen in Southampton water, including record-breaking vessels from [[Royal Caribbean International|Royal Caribbean]] and [[Carnival Corporation & plc]]. The latter has headquarters in Southampton, with its brands including [[Princess Cruises]], [[P&O Cruises]], and [[Cunard Line]].
The city has a particular historical connection to Cunard Line and their fleet of ships. This was particularly evident on 11 November 2008, when the Cunard liner ''[[Queen Elizabeth 2]]'' departed the city for the final time amid a spectacular fireworks display, after a full day of celebrations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chriscunard.com/qe2/qe2-history/ |title=QE2 Retirement – Southampton |website=Chris' Cunard Page |date=4 February 2015 |access-date=12 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712040811/http://www.chriscunard.com/qe2/qe2-history/ |archive-date=12 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Cunard ships are regularly christened in the city, for example {{MS|Queen Victoria|3=2}} was named by [[Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall|The Duchess of Cornwall]] in December 2007, and [[Elizabeth II|the Queen]] named [[MS Queen Elizabeth|''Queen Elizabeth'']] in the city during October 2011. The [[Duchess of Cambridge]] performed the naming ceremony of ''[[Royal Princess (2012)|Royal Princess]]'' on 13 June 2013.
At certain times of the year, the ''[[Queen Mary 2]]'', ''Queen Elizabeth'', and ''Queen Victoria'' may all visit Southampton at the same time, in an event commonly called 'Arrival of the Three Queens'. The [[Cunard Line]] maintains a regular transatlantic service to [[New York City]] for most of the year, with its [[ocean liner]] [[Queen Mary 2|RMS Queen Mary 2]].
The importance of Southampton to the cruise industry was indicated by [[P&O Cruises]]' 175th-anniversary celebrations, which included all seven of the company's liners visiting Southampton in a single day. ''[[Azamara Pursuit|Adonia]]'', {{MV|Arcadia|2004|2}}, ''Aurora'', ''Azura'', ''Oceana'', ''Oriana'', and ''Ventura'' all left the city in a procession on 3 July 2012.<ref>{{Citation |title=Magnificent seven ships to make up 'The Grand Event' at Southampton |newspaper=Southern Daily Echo |date=18 April 2012 |url=http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/9655678.Magnificent_seven_ships_to_make_up__The_Grand_Event__at_Southampton/ |access-date=18 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615220035/http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/9655678.Magnificent_seven_ships_to_make_up__The_Grand_Event__at_Southampton/ |archive-date=15 June 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
The use of the port by cruise ships and bulk cargo ships has led to concerns over air quality.<ref>{{cite news |title=The world's largest cruise ship and its supersized pollution problem |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/may/21/the-worlds-largest-cruise-ship-and-its-supersized-pollution-problem |agency=Guardian |date=21 May 2016 |access-date=18 February 2020 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209105703/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/may/21/the-worlds-largest-cruise-ship-and-its-supersized-pollution-problem |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2017 [[Southampton City Council]] estimated that the port contributed between seven and 23 per cent of air pollution in the city.<ref>{{cite news |title='No way' of monitoring Southampton docks air pollution |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-39181972 |agency=BBC |date=6 March 2017 |access-date=18 February 2020 |archive-date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218173232/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-39181972 |url-status=live }}</ref> Cruise ships had to run their engines whilst docked because, unlike other cruise ship ports, Southampton did not provide shore power.<ref>{{cite web |title=ABP eyes UK's first cruise ship shore power system in Southampton |url=https://safety4sea.com/abp-eyes-uks-first-cruise-ship-shore-power-system-in-southampton/ |website=Safety4Sea |date=30 December 2019 |access-date=30 December 2019 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807073218/https://safety4sea.com/abp-eyes-uks-first-cruise-ship-shore-power-system-in-southampton/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2019 an environmental pressure group ranked Southampton as the fifth highest in a list of 50 European ports whose air was polluted by sulphur oxide.<ref>{{cite news |title=Barcelona port is worst in Europe for cruise ship air pollution |url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/jun/07/barcelona-port-is-worst-in-europe-for-cruise-ship-air-pollution |agency=Guardian |date=7 June 2019 |access-date=16 February 2020 |archive-date=27 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727154731/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/jun/07/barcelona-port-is-worst-in-europe-for-cruise-ship-air-pollution |url-status=live }}</ref> The cruise industry trade association [[Cruise Lines International Association]] claimed that the report was inaccurate and used highly questionable methodology.<ref>{{cite web |title=Report criticises cruise lines' sulphur emissions |url=http://www.travelweekly.co.uk/articles/334256/report-criticises-cruise-lines-sulphur-emissions |website=Travel weekly |access-date=16 February 2020 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216182659/http://www.travelweekly.co.uk/articles/334256/report-criticises-cruise-lines-sulphur-emissions |url-status=live }}</ref> Since September 2021, [[Port of Southampton]] has shore power installed at the Horizon Cruise Terminal at berth 102 and at the Mayflower Cruise Terminal at berth 106, both situated in the port's Western Docks.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.electrichybridmarinetechnology.com/news/power-and-propulsion/shore-power-solution-for-port-of-southampton-completed.html|title= Shore power solution for Port of Southampton completed|first=Callum|last=Brook-Jones|date=14 April 2022|website=Elecvtric and Hybrid Marine Technology International}}</ref> Shore power will eventually be available at all five of the port's cruise terminals.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}
===Ferry===
While Southampton is no longer the base for any cross-channel ferries, it is the terminus for three internal ferry services, all of which operate from terminals at [[Town Quay]]. Two of these, a [[RORO|car ferry]] service and a fast [[catamaran]] passenger ferry service, provide links to [[Cowes|East Cowes]] and [[Cowes]], respectively, on the [[Isle of Wight]] and are operated by [[Red Funnel]]. The third ferry is the [[Hythe Pier, Railway and Ferry|Hythe Ferry]], providing a passenger service to [[Hythe, Hampshire|Hythe]] on the other side of [[Southampton Water]].
Southampton used to be home to a number of ferry services to the continent, with destinations such as [[San Sebastián|San Sebastian]], [[Lisbon]], [[Tangier]], and [[Casablanca]]. A ferry port was built during the 1960s.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080416223023/http://www.plimsoll.org/Southampton/TheDocks/EasternDocks/OuterDock3.asp The result appeared to be very successful]}} Retrieved 2 January 2008</ref> However, a number of these relocated to Portsmouth and by 1996, there were no longer any cross-channel car ferries operating from Southampton with the exception of services to the [[Isle of Wight]]. The land used for Southampton Ferry Port was sold off and a retail and housing development was built on the site. The Princess Alexandra Dock was converted into a marina. Reception areas for new cars now fill the Eastern Docks where passengers, dry docks and trains used to be.[[File:New buses for Bluestar.jpg|thumb|Bluestar buses outside the Guildhall]]
===Bus===
The main [[bus]] operator is [[Go South Coast]] – part of the [[Go-Ahead Group|Go Ahead]] group – which runs [[Bluestar (bus company)|Bluestar]] as well as [[Unilink]], QuayConnect and [[Salisbury Reds (bus company)|Salisbury Reds]]. [[First Hampshire and Dorset|First Solent]] runs services to Portsmouth via Fareham, while [[Xelabus]] also runs some routes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Southampton Public Transport Map |url=https://myjourneysouthampton.com/media/1767/southampton_pt_map_guide_april_2019_web_tcm63-365520.pdf |website=myjourneysouthampton.com |access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref> There is also a door-to-door minibus service called ''Southampton Dial-a-Ride'', for residents who cannot access public transport. This is funded by the council and operated by SCA Support Services.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport services and mini-bus hire in Southampton – SCA Group |url=https://sciagroup.co.uk/transport-services-southampton/ |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=Social Care in Action Group |date=14 December 2016 |language=en-US |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011757/https://sciagroup.co.uk/transport-services-southampton/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Tram===
{{main|Southampton Corporation Tramways}}
[[File:A Lucy Box just off Janson Road in Southampton.jpg|alt=LucyBox|thumb|upright|A "Lucy Box"]]
There was a [[Southampton Corporation Tramways|tram system]] from 1879 to 1949. More recent proposals to reintroduce them surfaced in 2016<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The News (Portsmouth)]] |first=Kimberley |last=Barbe |date=22 March 2016 |title=Plans for a tram line linking Portsmouth and Southampton have been revealed today – however they have been labelled as 'pie in the sky' by authority leaders |url=https://www.portsmouth.co.uk/news/traffic-and-travel/plans-for-tram-line-to-link-portsmouth-and-southampton-labelled-pie-in-the-sky-by-council-leaders-1-7289316 |access-date=1 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501204852/https://www.portsmouth.co.uk/news/traffic-and-travel/plans-for-tram-line-to-link-portsmouth-and-southampton-labelled-pie-in-the-sky-by-council-leaders-1-7289316 |archive-date=1 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> and 2017,<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=Daily Echo |first=Richard |last=Percival |title=Multi-million pound Southampton tram scheme to undergo feasibility study |url=https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/15043580.multi-million-pound-southampton-tram-scheme-to-undergo-feasibility-study/ |access-date=1 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501203418/https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/15043580.multi-million-pound-southampton-tram-scheme-to-undergo-feasibility-study/ |archive-date=1 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> and a [[monorail]] system was proposed in 1988.<ref>{{cite book |first=Garth |last=Groombridge |date=2014 |title=Southampton in the 1980s: Ten Years that Changed a City |publisher=[[Amberley Publishing]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aIwFBQAAQBAJ&q=southampton+trams+proposal&pg=PT5 |access-date=1 May 2019 |isbn=9781445641928 |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816092949/https://books.google.com/books?id=aIwFBQAAQBAJ&q=southampton+trams+proposal&pg=PT5 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Throughout Southampton there are a number of what are locally called Lucy Boxes, so called because they were made by [[W. Lucy & Co.]] for power distribution.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.lucyzodion.com/products/feeder-pillars/|title=Steel pillars and power distribution enclosures|website=Lucy Zodion|accessdate=12 July 2024}}</ref> They still remain along the routes even though the tram lines have been removed. Examples remain in other cities, including [[Wolverhampton]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historywebsite.co.uk/articles/lucy/lucyboxes.htm|title=I Spy Lucy Boxes|website=(Wolverhampton) History Website|accessdate=12 July 2024}}</ref>
===Cycling===
Southampton City Council announced that it would adopt a new ten year 'Cycling Strategy' from 2017, which would include the construction of multiple cycling highways throughout the city and surrounding suburbs. As of March 2020, Southampton Cycle Network routes 1 (Western), 3 and 4 (Eastern), and 5 (Northern) are substantially complete, with work started on route 6 (Bevois Valley).<ref>{{cite web |title=Southampton Cycle Network – transforming cycling in Southampton |url=https://transport.southampton.gov.uk/connected-southampton-2040-local-transport-plan/southampton-cycle-network/ |website=Southampton City Council |access-date=17 March 2022 }}</ref>
== Notable people ==
{{Main category|People from Southampton}}
[[File:Craig David (at The Queen's Birthday Party) (cropped) (1).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Craig David]] was brought up on the Holyrood estate in the city centre.]]
<!-- Per discussion at [[Talk:Southampton/Archive_1#Notable_People]], please obtain consensus on the article's talk page before amending this section. Also per [[WP:BLP]] all information about living people here must be fully referenced. -->
People hailing from Southampton are called Sotonians.<ref name="sotonian">{{cite web |author=Visit Southampton |title=Famous Sotonians |url=http://www.visit-southampton.co.uk/site/research-zone/famous-sotonians |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402051906/http://www.visit-southampton.co.uk/site/research-zone/famous-sotonians |archive-date=2 April 2008 |access-date=9 October 2008}}</ref>
The city has produced a large number of musicians throughout its history, ranging from [[hymn]] writer [[Isaac Watts]], who was born in Southampton in 1674<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/memoirsofrevisaa00gibb |page=[https://archive.org/details/memoirsofrevisaa00gibb/page/n165 1] |title=Memoirs of the Rev. Isaac Watts |last=Gibbons |first=Thomas |date=1 January 1780 |publisher=Buckland |language=en}}</ref> and whose composition ''[[O God, Our Help in Ages Past]]'' is played by the bells of [[Southampton Civic Centre]],<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18UIDAAAQBAJ&q=Isaac+Watts+civic+centre&pg=PA44 |title=Bus-Pass Britain: 50 of the nation's favourite bus journeys |last1=Kries |first1=Susanne |last2=Gardner |first2=Nicky |last3=Locke |first3=Tim |date=5 May 2016 |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |isbn=9781784770198 |page=44 |language=en}}</ref> to more recent musical acts such as singer [[Jona Lewie]], who was born in Southampton,<ref name="Balls">{{cite book |last=Balls |first=Richard |date=2014 |title=Be Stiff. The Stiff Records Story |publisher=Soundcheck Books LLP |page=229 |isbn=9780957570061}}</ref> singer [[Craig David]], who grew up on the Holyrood estate,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/14118478.Craig_David_to_headline_Common_People_2016_in_Southampton/ |title=Craig David to headline Common People 2016 in Southampton |website=Daily Echo |date=3 December 2015 |access-date=3 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005075859/http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/14118478.Craig_David_to_headline_Common_People_2016_in_Southampton/ |archive-date=5 October 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Coldplay]] drummer [[Will Champion]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/14126481.Coldplay_drummer_s_journey_from_Hampshire_primary_school_to_the_Superbowl/ |title=Coldplay drummer's journey from Hampshire primary school to the Superbowl |website=Daily Echo |date=6 December 2015 |access-date=3 October 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005083438/http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/14126481.Coldplay_drummer_s_journey_from_Hampshire_primary_school_to_the_Superbowl/ |archive-date=5 October 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> and solo popstar [[Foxes (singer)|Foxes]].
Television personalities from Southampton include comedian [[Benny Hill]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/21/arts/benny-hill-67-english-comedian-and-creator-of-tv-show-is-dead.html |title=Benny Hill, 67, English Comedian And Creator of TV Show, Is Dead |last=Wolff |first=Craig |date=21 April 1992 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=3 October 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160630063426/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/21/arts/benny-hill-67-english-comedian-and-creator-of-tv-show-is-dead.html |archive-date=30 June 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> and naturalist [[Chris Packham]];<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chrispackham.co.uk/chris-packhams-biography |title=Chris Packham's Biography |website=www.chrispackham.co.uk/ |publisher=David Foster Management |access-date=26 January 2021 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116233251/http://www.chrispackham.co.uk/chris-packhams-biography |url-status=live }}</ref> in recent years the city has also produced a number of competitive [[reality television]] winners such as [[Matt Cardle]] ([[The X Factor (UK series 7)|''The X Factor'', 2010]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/13635243.REVEALED__What_s_happened_to_Southampton_s_X_Factor_hopefuls_/ |title=REVEALED: What's happened to Southampton's X Factor hopefuls? |website=Daily Echo |date=30 August 2015 |access-date=3 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005081937/http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/13635243.REVEALED__What_s_happened_to_Southampton_s_X_Factor_hopefuls_/ |archive-date=5 October 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Shelina Permalloo]] ([[MasterChef (UK TV series)|''MasterChef'']], 2012), who operates a Mauritian restaurant named Lakaz Maman in Bedford Place.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}} Radio personality [[Scott Mills]] was also born in Southampton.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/biographies/biogs/radio1/scottmills.shtml |title=BBC – Press Office – Scott Mills |date=15 September 2007 |access-date=14 December 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070915061027/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/biographies/biogs/radio1/scottmills.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2007}}</ref>
Novelist [[Jane Austen]] lived in Southampton for a number of years,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hW-OXDSc3rAC&q=jane+austen+southampton&pg=PA15 |title=A Jane Austen Encyclopedia |last=Poplawski |first=Paul |date=1 January 1998 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=9780313300172 |page=15 |language=en}}</ref> and the city has also been home to a number of artists, including [[Edward John Gregory]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/13324216.Art_by_Southampton_s_famous_artist_Edward_John_Gregory_could_sell_for___10k/ |title=Art by Southampton's famous artist Edward John Gregory could sell for £10k |website=Daily Echo |date=10 June 2015 |access-date=3 October 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005080739/http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/13324216.Art_by_Southampton_s_famous_artist_Edward_John_Gregory_could_sell_for___10k/ |archive-date=5 October 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hubert von Herkomer,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&q=%2522Hubert+von+Herkomer%2522+southampton&pg=PA542 |title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators |last=Press |first=Oxford University |date=21 June 2012 |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=9780199923052 |page=542 |language=en |via=Google Books}}</ref> and [[John Everett Millais]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AnTPdhgkMMEC&q=%2522John+Everett+Millais%2522+southampton&pg=PA56 |title=From Realism to Art Nouveau |last=Lombardi |first=Laura |date=1 January 2009 |publisher=Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. |isbn=9781402759260 |pages=56 |language=en |via=Google Books}}</ref> The [[Feminism|feminist]] and [[Suffrage|suffragist]] [[Emily Davies]] was born there in 1830.<ref name="ODNB">{{cite ODNB |id=32741 |title=Davies, (Sarah) Emily |first=Sara |last=Delamont}}</ref> Sir [[Leon Simon (Zionist)|Leon Simon]], President of the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]], was born in Southampton.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}
Sports people born in Southampton include [[rugby union]] player [[Mike Brown (rugby union)|Mike Brown]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/sport/14566071.Hampshire_rugby_star_Mike_Brown_helps_England_rewrite_history_books_against_Australia/ |title=Hampshire rugby star Mike Brown helps England rewrite history books against Australia |website=Daily Echo |date=18 June 2016 |access-date=3 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005083434/http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/sport/14566071.Hampshire_rugby_star_Mike_Brown_helps_England_rewrite_history_books_against_Australia/ |archive-date=5 October 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Australia]]n [[tennis]] player [[Wally Masur]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/sep/20/andy-murray-davis-cup-great-britain-australia |title=Andy Murray beats body and Bernard Tomic to put GB in Davis Cup final |last=Arena |first=Kevin Mitchell at the Emirates |date=20 September 2015 |newspaper=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |access-date=3 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005161520/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/sep/20/andy-murray-davis-cup-great-britain-australia |archive-date=5 October 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> England Football Player [[Wayne Bridge]], and [[Republic of Ireland women's national football team|Republic of Ireland national football team]] player [[Lucy Quinn]].
Being a port city, Southampton has been home to a number of seafarers, including [[Charles Fryatt]], who rammed a German U-boat with his merchant ship during World War I;<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/hampshire/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_9095000/9095420.stm |title=BBC – Southampton's Capt Charles Fryatt remembered at IWM |website=news.bbc.co.uk |access-date=3 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010180633/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/hampshire/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_9095000/9095420.stm |archive-date=10 October 2016 |url-status=live |date=18 October 2010}}</ref> [[John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe|John Jellicoe]], who served as [[Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)|Admiral of the Fleet]] during the same war and later became [[Governor-General of New Zealand]];<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/jellicoe_john_admiral.shtml |title=BBC – History – Historic Figures: Admiral John Jellicoe (1859–1935) |access-date=3 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009203842/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/jellicoe_john_admiral.shtml |archive-date=9 October 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the last survivor of the RMS ''Titanic'', [[Millvina Dean]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/5421196/Millvina-Dean.html |title=Millvina Dean |access-date=3 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010050038/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/5421196/Millvina-Dean.html |archive-date=10 October 2016 |url-status=live |date=June 2009}}</ref>
[[Richard Aslatt Pearce]], the first deaf-mute Anglican clergyman, was born in Portswood, Southampton.<ref name="Roe 2009" >{{Cite web |url=http://archive.org/details/anecdotesinciden29841gut |title=Anecdotes & Incidents of the Deaf and Dumb |first=W. R. (William Robert) |last=Roe |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
Former Governor of Buenos Aires, and ruler of Argentina, [[Juan Manuel de Rosas]] went into exile in [[Swaythling]] in 1852. He was buried in [[Southampton Old Cemetery]] before his body was repatriated to [[La Recoleta Cemetery]] in Buenos Aires in 1989 by the then president [[Carlos Menem]].
[[Ally Law]], youtuber and parkour practitioner, was born in Southampton.<ref>{{cite news |title=Southampton YouTuber Ally Law given ban after Big Brother stunt |url=https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/17300665.southampton-youtuber-ally-law-given-ban-after-big-brother-stunt |access-date=1 April 2019 |work=The Daily Echo |date=15 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401210211/https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/17300665.southampton-youtuber-ally-law-given-ban-after-big-brother-stunt/ |archive-date=1 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Canadian pacifist [[Robert Edis Fairbairn]] (1879–1953) was born in Southampton.
[[Rishi Sunak]], former UK prime minister and former Chancellor of the Exchequer, was born in Southampton in 1980.<ref>{{cite news |title=Who is the new chancellor Rishi Sunak? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-51490893 |access-date=13 February 2020 |work=BBC News |date=13 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213142047/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-51490893 |archive-date=13 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Hatherley Sunak">{{cite web |last1=Hatherley |first1=Owen |title=The Head Boy In the Bubble |url=https://tribunemag.co.uk/2023/01/rishi-sunak-prime-minister-southampton-industrial-city-history/ |website=[[Tribune (magazine)|Tribune]] |access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref>
Film director [[Ken Russell]] was born in Southampton in 1927, and [[Laura Carmichael]], actress known for [[Downton Abbey]], was born and grew up in Southampton.
Actress/presenter [[Katy Stephens]] was born in Southampton in 1970.
==Freedom of the City==
The following people and military units have received the [[Freedom of the City]] of Southampton.
{{Incomplete list|date=October 2019}}
===Individuals===
* [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] [[Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts]]: 1901.
* [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener]]: 1902.
* [[David Lloyd George]]: 1923.
* [[Ted Bates (footballer)|Ted Bates]]: 2001.
* [[Matt Le Tissier|Matthew Le Tissier]]: 2002.
* [[Lawrie McMenemy|Lawrence McMenemy]]: 2007.
* [[Mary Fagan|Dame Mary Fagan]]: 2 February 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/10203057.freedom-of-southampton-for-lord-lieutenant-of-hampshire-dame-mary-fagan/ |title=Freedom of Southampton for Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire |date=2 February 2013 |access-date=14 October 2019 |archive-date=14 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014021007/https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/10203057.freedom-of-southampton-for-lord-lieutenant-of-hampshire-dame-mary-fagan/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Francis Benali]]: 16 November 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.southampton.gov.uk/news/article.aspx?id=tcm:63-389286 |title=Saints legend to receive Freedom of Southampton |access-date=13 October 2019 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807080230/https://www.southampton.gov.uk/news/article.aspx?id=tcm:63-389286 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.southamptonfc.com/news/2016-11-16/francis-benali-honorary-freedom-of-city-of-southampton |title=Benali humbled to receive Freedom of Southampton |access-date=13 October 2019 |archive-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013234033/https://www.southamptonfc.com/news/2016-11-16/francis-benali-honorary-freedom-of-city-of-southampton |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Albert Warne: 24 January 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.islandecho.co.uk/102-year-old-islander-bert-warne-awarded-freedom-of-city-of-southampton/ |title=102-YEAR-OLD ISLANDER BERT WARNE AWARDED FREEDOM OF CITY OF SOUTHAMPTON |last=Whitmore |first=Warren |date=25 January 2022 |website=The Island Echo |publisher= |access-date=25 January 2022 |quote=}}</ref>
===Military units===
* The [[Royal Hampshire Regiment]]: 25 April 1946.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.royalhampshireregiment.org/about-the-museum/local-history/ |title=Local History |access-date=13 October 2019 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401003353/https://www.royalhampshireregiment.org/about-the-museum/local-history/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[17 Port and Maritime Regiment RLC|17 Port and Maritime Regiment]], [[Royal Logistic Corps|RLC]]: 26 January 2000.
* [[HMS Southampton (D90)|HMS Southampton]], [[Royal Navy|RN]]: 26 January 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/5631263.services-set-to-be-given-freedom-of-the-city/ |title=SERVICES SET TO BE GIVEN FREEDOM OF the CITY |date=15 January 2000 |access-date=13 October 2019 |archive-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013232314/https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/5631263.services-set-to-be-given-freedom-of-the-city/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Southampton}}
*{{wikivoyage inline}}
*[http://www.southampton.gov.uk/ Southampton City Council and CityWeb]
*[https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF&msa=0&msid=113384660960350206735.00048dcb4f8721c4e4d53 Southampton's Medieval Defences on Google Maps]
{{Districts of Southampton}}
{{SE England}}
{{Hampshire}}
{{UK cities}}
{{Unitary authorities of England}}
{{Viking Invasion of England}}
{{authority control}}
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[[Category:Local government districts of South East England]]
[[Category:Local government in Hampshire]]
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[[Category:Ports and harbours of Hampshire]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of the English Channel]]
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[[Category:Unitary authority districts of England]]
[[Category:Unparished areas in Hampshire]]
[[Category:Boroughs in England]]
[[Category:Former civil parishes in Hampshire]]
[[Category:Cities in South East England]]
[[Category:Flags designed by children and students]]
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