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{{short description|Polish and Lithuanian noble family}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox family
| name = Sapieha
| crest = POL COA Sapieha alt.svg
| crest_size = 250px
| caption = Princely arms of the family (1858–59)
| region = [[Poland]] and [[Lithuania]]
| early_forms =
| origin =
| members = [[Lew Sapieha]]<br>[[Eustachy Sapieha]]
| otherfamilies =
| distinctions =
| traditions =
| heirlooms =
| estate = [[Sapieha Palace, Warsaw|Sapieha Palace in Warsaw]]<br>[[Sapieha Palace, Lviv|Sapieha Palace in Lviv]]<br>[[Sapieha Palace, Vilnius|Sapieha Palace in Vilnius]]<br>[[Ruzhany Palace]]
| meaning =
| footnotes =
}}
[[Image:Lew Sapieha 11.PNG|thumb|Lew Sapieha, the most prominent member of the family]]
[[File:Jan Fryderyk Sapieha.PNG|thumb|Jan Fryderyk Sapieha]]
[[File:Adam Stefan Sapieha (1867-1951).jpg|200px|thumb|[[Adam Stefan Sapieha]] – Archbishop of [[Kraków]].]]
The '''House of Sapieha''' ({{IPA|pl|saˈpʲjɛxa|}}; {{langx|be|Сапега|''Sapieha''}}; {{langx|ru|Сапега|Sapega}}; {{langx|lt|Sapiega}}) is a [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish-Lithuanian]] noble and [[magnate]] family of [[Ruthenians|Ruthenian]] origin,<ref name="ReferenceA">Энцыклапедыя ВКЛ. Т.2, арт. "Сапегі"</ref><ref>Саверчанка І.В. Канцлер Вялікага княства. Леў Сапега, Мн., Навука і тэхніка, 1992, с.63</ref><ref>Чаропка В. Бацька Айчыны. Леў Сапега. ў кнізе "Уладары вялікага княства", Мн., Беларусь, 1-е издание 1996, 2-ое издание 2002, с.327–408</ref> descending from the medieval [[boyar]]s of [[Smolensk]] and [[Polotsk]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>[[George Vernadsky|Vernadsky, George]]. ''A History of Russia''. New Haven. Connecticut: Yale University Press. 1961. [http://www.rodstvo.ru/rus/hist/vgv462.htm online]</ref> The family acquired great influence and wealth in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] during the 16th century.
==History==
The first confirmed records of the Sapieha family date back to the 15th century, when Semen Sopiha ({{langx|be|Сямён Сапега}}) was mentioned as a writer (scribe) of the then [[King of Poland]] and [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Grand Duke of Lithuania]], [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]] ({{langx|pl|Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk}}) for the period of 1441–49. Semen had two sons, {{ill|Bohdan Semenowicz Sapieha|lt=Bohdan|pl}} and {{ill|lt=Iwan|Iwan Semenowicz Sapieha|pl}}.
Possibly, the family of Semen Sopiha owned the village of [[Sopieszyno]] near [[Gdańsk|Gdansk]], which they left because of the [[Teutonic Order|Teutonic]] invasion. [[Sopieszyno]] is one of the oldest [[Pomerania]]n villages. The records have it that already in the 11th-12th centuries it was a [[knight]]ly estate.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Nowy Dwór Wejherowski, Gniewowo i Sopieszyno|last=Bork|first=Bolesław|publisher=Wydawca Rada Gminy Wejherowo|year=1994}}</ref> It was then mentioned in 1399 as a village owned in [[fief]]dom by knights subject to the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Polish Crown]].<ref name=":0" /> Their family could be involved in the Baltic-Volga trade, as many Pomeranian families. The family descended from [[Polotsk|Polotsk]] boyars subject to Lithuania.<ref name="britannica">{{cite web|title=Sapieha Family|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sapieha-family|publisher=[[Britannica]]|access-date=25 April 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210425155609/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sapieha-family|archive-date=25 April 2021}}</ref>
The creator of the fortune and power of the Sapieha family was the Court and Great [[Chancellor (Poland)|Chancellor]] and Great [[Hetman]] of Lithuania, [[Lew Sapieha]].
The [[prince]]ly title of the Sapieha-Kodenski branch was recognized in Poland in 1572 and in Austria-Hungary in 1845, while that of the Sapieha-Rozanski line was officially acknowledged in Russia in 1880.<ref name="enache">Enache, Nicolas. ''La Descendance de Marie-Therese de Habsburg''. ICC, Paris, 1996. pp. 72, 80-81. (French). {{ISBN|2-908003-04-X}}</ref>
On 14 September 1700, [[Michał Franciszek Sapieha]] had obtained the title of prince from Emperor [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]], but the title became extinct upon his death on 19 November 1700. That year, the family lost its dominant position in the Grand Duchy as a result of its defeat in the [[Civil war in Lithuania (1700)|Lithuanian Civil War]]. In 1768, members of the Sapieha family obtained [[Princely Houses of Poland|recognition of the princely title]] from the Polish [[Sejm]]. After the [[partitions of Poland]], the family appeared in the list of persons authorised to bear the title of Prince of the [[Congress Poland|Kingdom of Poland]] in 1824. The title was recognised in Austria in 1836 and 1840, and in Russia in 1874 and 1901. In 1905, the family obtained the qualification of Serene Highness in Austria.
The maternal grandmother of [[Queen Mathilde of Belgium]] was a Princess of the house of Sapieha.
==Coat of arms==
The Sapieha family used the [[Polish heraldry|Polish coat of arms]] named "[[Lis coat of arms|Lis]]".<ref name=enache/>
<gallery widths="200" heights="200" align="center">
image:POL COA Lis.svg|[[Lis coat of arms]]
image:Herb Sapiehów.PNG|Original arms of the Princes Sapieha
image:Sapieha, Pahonia. Сапега, Пагоня (1786).jpg|Coat of arms of Sapieha, 1786
image:POL COA Sapieha alt.svg|Later arms of the Princes Sapieha (1858–1859)
</gallery>
==Notable members==
* [[Adam Stefan Sapieha]] (1867–1951), cardinal, archbishop of [[Kraków]]
* [[Adam Zygmunt Sapieha]] (1892–1970), cavalryman, aviator
* [[Aleksander Michał Sapieha]] (1730–1793), voivode of Płock, Field Lithuanian Hetman, Grand Lithuanian Chancellor, marshal of the Lithuanian Tribunal
* [[Aleksander Paweł Sapieha]] (1672-1734), Marshal of the Court of Lithuania and Grand Marshal of Lithuania
* [[Aleksander Sapieha (1888–1976)|Aleksander Sapieha]] (1888–1976), aviator
* [[Andrzej Józef Sapieha (1894–1945)|Andrzej Józef Sapieha]] (1894–1945), he participated in the Polish–Soviet War, member of the [[Armia Krajowa]]
* [[Andrzej Sapieha]] (1539–1621), [[Great Royal Deputy Cup-bearer of Lithuania]], castellan of [[Minsk]], and [[Voivode of Polotsk]] and [[Smolensk]]
* [[Anna Zofia Sapieha]] (1799–1864), wife of Prince [[Adam Jerzy Czartoryski]]
* [[Arabella Theresa Sapieha]] (1960), Princess Sapieha-Rozanski
* [[Bohdan Sapieha (disambiguation)|Bohdan Sapieha]], several people
* [[Eustachy Kajetan Sapieha (1797–1860)|Eustachy Kajetan Sapieha]] (1797–1860), he participated in the [[November uprising]], politically tied with the "[[Hôtel Lambert]]"
* [[Eustachy Sapieha]] (1881–1963), politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs 1920-1921
* [[Eustachy Seweryn Sapieha (1916–2004)|Eustachy Seweryn Sapieha]] (1916–2004), hunter, historian of the Sapieha family
* [[Franciszek Sapieha (1772–1829)|Franciszek Sapieha]] (1772–1829), general, he participated in the [[Kościuszko Uprising|Kościuszko uprising]]
* [[Fryderyk Sapieha]] (1599–1650), voivode of Mścisław, podkomorzy of Vitebsk
* [[Kazimierz Lew Sapieha]] (1607–1656), Marshal of the Crown, son of Lew Sapieha
* [[Jan Andrzej Sapieha (1910–1989)|Jan Andrzej Sapieha]] (1910–1989), head of House Sapieha,<ref name=enache/> he participated in the [[Invasion of Poland|Defence War of 1939]]
* [[Jan Fryderyk Sapieha]] (1680–1751), Grand Recorder of Lithuania
* [[Jan Kazimierz Sapieha the Elder]] (?–1730), Grand Hetman of Lithuania
* [[Jan Kazimierz Sapieha the Younger]], ({{Circa|1642}}–1720), Field Hetman
* [[Jan Pavel Sapieha-Rozanski]] (1935) head of House Sapieha,<ref name=enache/> sometime Belgian ambassador to Brazil<ref name="vogue"/>
* [[Jan Piotr Sapieha]] (1569–1611), Polish royal officer
* [[Jan Stanisław Sapieha]] (1589–1635), Court Marshal of Lithuania, Great Lithuanian Marshal
* [[Józef Sapieha (1887–1940)|Józef Sapieha]], he participated in the [[Polish–Soviet War]]
* [[Karol Władysław Sapieha (1920–1941)|Karol Władysław Sapieha]] (1920–1941), pilot of the Polish Air Forces in Great Britain in World War II
* [[Kazimierz Nestor Sapieha]] (1757–1798), political activist, general
* [[Leon Aleksander Sapieha]] (1883–1944), landlord, member of the [[Sejm]], member of [[Związek Walki Zbrojnej]] and the Armia Krajowa
* [[Leon Roman Sapieha (1915–1940)|Leon Roman Sapieha]] (1915–1940), pilot of the [[Polish Air Forces in France and Great Britain|Polish Air Forces in Great Britain]] in World War II
* [[Leon Sapieha]] (1803–1878), political and economic activist
* [[Lew Jerzy Sapieha (1913–1990)|Lew Jerzy Sapieha]] (1913–1990), poet, writer
* [[Lew Sapieha]] (1557–1633), [[Chancellor (Poland)|Court Chancellor]] and [[Hetman|Great Hetman of Lithuania]]
* [[Maria Sapieha (1910–2009)|Maria Sapieha]] (1910–2009), social activist, wife of Prince Jan Andrzej Sapieha-Rozanski
* [[Michał Franciszek Sapieha]] (1670–1700), General, [[Koniuszy]]
* [[Mikołaj Krzysztof Sapieha]] (1613–1639), voivode of Minsk
* [[Mikołaj Sapieha (1581–1644)|Mikołaj Sapieha]] (1581–1644), voivode of Minsk and of Brześć Litewski, castellan of Vilnius
* [[Mikołaj Sapieha (1588–1638)|Mikołaj Sapieha]] (1588–1638), voivode of Minsk and of Nowogródek
* [[Paola Maria de Bourbon-Orléans Braganza and Sapieha|Paola Maria de Bourbon Orléans e Bragança Sapieha]] (1983), model and product designer, wife of fashion photographer [[Czetwertyński#Belgian branch|Prince Constantin Swiatopolk-Czetwertyński]]<ref name="vogue">Menthe, Caterina. 13 February 2013 [https://en.vogue.me/archive/faces_of_fashion/love-royale/ Love royale]. [[Vogue Arabia]]</ref>
* [[Paweł Jan Sapieha]] (1609–1665), voivode of the Witebsk and Vilnius, Great Hetman of Lithuania
* [[Paweł Maria Sapieha (1900–1987)|Paweł Maria Sapieha]] (1900–1987), he participated in the Polish–Soviet War
* [[Paweł Sapieha]] (1860–1934), traveler, first chairman of the [[Polish Red Cross]]
* [[Paweł Stefan Sapieha]] (1565–1635), Deputy Chancellor of Lithuania
* [[Róża Maria Sapieha (1921–1944)|Róża Maria Sapieha]] (1921–1944), member of the Armia Krajowa, she participated in the [[Warsaw uprising]] of 1944
* [[Stanisław Sapieha]] (1896–1919), [[Battle of Lwów (1918)|defender of Lwów]]
* [[Teresa Sapieha]] (died c.1784), wife of Prince [[Hieronim Florian Radziwiłł]] and Count [[Joachim Karol Potocki]]
* [[Tomasz Sapieha]] (1598–1646), voivode of [[Wenden Voivodeship|Wenden]] and of [[Nowogródek Voivodeship (1507–1795)|Nowogródek]]
* [[Władysław Leon Sapieha]] (1853–1920), landowner, social activist
==Palaces==
<gallery widths="200" heights="200" align="center">
image:Side façade of the Sapiegos Palace in Antakalnis eldership in Vilnius, Lithuania in 2024.jpg|[[Sapieha Palace in Vilnius]]
image:Halšanski zamak. Гальшанскі замак (V. Dmachoŭski, 1853).jpg|Ruins of the castle in [[Holszany]] (1853)
image:Дворцовый комплекс Сапегов в Ружанах.jpg|Palace of Aleksander Sapieha in [[Ružany]]
image:Krasiczyn castle 3.jpg|Castle of [[Krasicki family|Krasicki]] and Sapieha in [[Krasiczyn]]
image:Wieleń 269-50.jpg|Sapieha Palace in [[Wieleń]]
image:Дворец Сапег.jpg|Sapieha Palace in [[Lviv]]
image:Bobrek pałac.JPG|Palace in [[Bobrek, Lesser Poland Voivodeship|Bobrek]]
image:Koden-palacyk-Placencja.jpg|Palace "Placencja", summer residence in [[Kodeń]]
image:Warszawa - Pałac Sapiehów 01.jpg|Palace of Jan Fryderyk Sapieha in Warsaw
image:Zespół zamkowy (XV-XVIw.) ruiny zamku (XVIw.) (fot. 1) - Kodeń powiat bialski woj. lubelskie ArPiCh A-55.JPG|Remains of the castle in Kodeń
image:Vysokаŭski zamak. Высокаўскі замак (N. Orda, 1876).jpg|Castle in [[Vysokaye|Wysokie]]
image:Horadnia, Nioman. Горадня, Нёман (1891).jpg|Palace in [[Grodno]]
</gallery>
==See also==
*[[Ruzhany Palace]]
*[[Sapieha Palace in Vilnius]]
*[[Sapieha Palace in Warsaw]]
*[[Sapieha Palace in Lviv]]
*[[Polish nobility]]
*[[Belarusian nobility]]
*[[Lithuanian nobility]]
*[[List of szlachta]]
*[[Sapieha beaker]]
==Bibliography==
* Labarre de Raillicourt, Dominique., ''Histoire des Sapieha'' (1440–1970), Paris, 1970
* Sapieha E., Dom Sapieżyński, Warszawa 1995. Numery /112 przy nazwiskach oznaczają numery biogramów w/w pozycji.
* Tłomacki A., "Sapiehowie Kodeńscy", nakładem własnym, Warszawa 2009
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Grand Duchy of Lithuania nobility}}
{{Authority control}}
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