Punk ideologies: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Beliefs associated with the punk subculture}}

{{Anarchism}}

{{Multiple issues|

Beginning in the late [[1970s]] and continuing to the present, there has evolved a distinctive and largely cohesive system of [[thought]] associated with the [[punk culture|punk]] [[subculture]] (often simply referred to as ''punk''). [[Individualism]], [[anti-authoritarianism]], political [[anarchism]], [[Freethought|free thought]], and [[ethics]] are [[concepts]], among others, that are addressed by this philosophy. Punk [[ideology]] views the world and most that are in it as deeply corrupt and wrong. Punk thoughts usually achieve expression through [[punk music]], [[fanzines]], and [[spoken-word]] albums.

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[[File:AntiIII%25AntiAntiRefugeeBoiseanPunk.jpg|thumb|right|A punk protests against an [[ACT! for America]] counter-protest against refugee policy in Boise, Idaho, in November 2015.]]

This article focuses on a perception of general punk ideology. For information on more specific types of punk ideologies see the section titled [[#Other Punk Ideologies|other punk ideologies]]. The rest of this article will use the word "punk" to refer to this generalized punk ideology or to a person who espouses this general take on punk ideology. Therefore, this article only provides a rough generalization of the philosophies of certain groups who identify themselves as ''punks'' and is not likely to completely represent the views of all or even the majority of those who do so.

'''Punk ideologies''' are a group of varied social and political beliefs associated with the [[punk subculture]] and [[punk rock]]. It is primarily concerned with concepts such as [[mutual aid (organization theory)|mutual aid]],<ref>{{cite book |author=Edward Anthony Avery-Natale |author-link= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yrWRCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA50 |title=Ethics, Politics, and Anarcho-Punk Identifications: Punk and Anarchy in Philadelphia |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2016 |isbn=978-1498519991 |page=50 |access-date=25 January 2019}}</ref> against [[selling out]],<ref>{{cite book |author=Erik Hannerz |author-link= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZRMCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT139 |title=Performing Punk |publisher=Springer |year=2016 |isbn=978-1137485922 |access-date=25 January 2019}}</ref> [[hierarchy]], [[anti-white supremacy]], [[authoritarianism]],<ref name="ContestingSubculturalBoundaries">{{cite book |author=Kirsty Lohman |author-link= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cHg5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150 |title=The Connected Lives of Dutch Punks: Contesting Subcultural Boundaries |publisher=Springer |year=2017 |isbn=978-3319510798 |page=150 |access-date=25 January 2019}}</ref> [[eugenics]], [[Socioeconomic class|class]] and [[classism]], while supporting [[anti-consumerism]],<ref name=ContestingSubculturalBoundaries/> [[anti-corporatism]], [[anti-war]], [[anti-imperialism]], [[anti-globalization movement|anti-globalization]], [[anti-gentrification protests|anti-gentrification]], [[anti-racism]], [[anti-sexism]], [[gender equality]], [[anti-homophobia]], [[racial equality]], [[animal rights]],<ref>{{cite book|title=The Oxford Handbook of Music and Disability Studies|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0199331444|page=240|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TJWFCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA240|access-date=25 January 2019|year=2016}}</ref> [[free-thought]] and [[Counterculture|non-conformity]]. One of its main tenets is a rejection of mainstream, corporate [[mass culture]] and its values. It continues to evolve its ideology as the movement spreads throughout North America from its origins in England and New York and embraces a range of anti-racist and anti-sexist belief systems. Punk does not necessarily lend itself to any particular political ideologies as it is primarily [[anti-establishment]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Punk as ideology |url=https://www.gleech.org/punk |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=www.gleech.org}}</ref>

==History==

Punk, since the mid-1970s, has been a movement of shock, [[rebellion]] and discontent. As time has progressed, punk has become an overt socio-political movement for some who identify themselves as punks. Bands like [[Dead Kennedys]], [[Bad Religion]], [[Crass]], [[Conflict]], [[Subhumans]] and many others helped to contribute to this ideological climate. In their lyrics, these bands expressed serious discontent with the systems and institutions that organize and control the world. They also offered analysis and potential solutions to the world's problems. This spirit is active to this day in punk music and has matured and expanded in its range.

Punk ideologies are usually expressed through [[punk rock]] music and lyrics, [[punk literature]] such as amateur [[fanzines]], [[spoken word]] performances or recordings, [[punk fashion]], or [[punk visual art]]. Some punks have participated in [[direct action]], such as protest or demonstration disruption, political violence, [[ecotage]], street barricades, [[squatting]], [[pirate radio]], off-grid energy, [[graffiti]], [[vandalism]] and public and business [[property destruction]], and indirect action through counter-propaganda, [[protest]]s or [[boycott]]s. They support and squat in urban and rural collective houses, with group funds held in common. [[Punk fashion]] was originally an expression of nonconformity, as well as opposition to both mainstream culture and the [[status quo]]. Punk fashion often displays aggression, rebellion, and individualism. Some punks wear accessories, clothing or have [[tattoos]] that express sociopolitical messages. They stage Punk Rock Food Drives, such as D.O.A's Unity for Freedom. Punk visual art also often includes political messages. Many punks wear secondhand clothing, partly as an anti-consumerist statement.

==[[Politics]]==

[[Image:NoWarButTheClassWar.jpg|right|thumb|Anti-classist, anti-military student protester]]

The political [[ideology]] most often associated with punk is that of [[anarchism]]. A lot of punk [[activism]] has been done in support of anarchist goals. Whether a punk subscribes to anarchism or not, he or she almost certainly is discontent with his or her government. Punks are often very active in trying to change their governing political systems to some extent. When punks engage in activism their demands can usually be described as [[Progressivism|progressive]]. Despite the similarities punk may have with the [[Left wing|left wing]], many punks perceive the efforts of the left as ineffectual and sometimes just as objectionable as the [[Right wing|right wing]].

An attitude common in the punk subculture is the opposition to selling out, which refers to abandoning of one's values and/or a change in musical style toward [[Pop music|pop]] (e.g. [[electropop]]) and embracing mainstream culture or more radio-friendly [[Rock music|rock]] (e.g. [[pop rock]]) in exchange for wealth, status, or power. The issue of [[authenticity (philosophy)|authenticity]] is important in the punk subculture—the pejorative term ''[[poseur]]'' is applied to those who try to associate with punk and adopt its stylistic attributes but are deemed not to share or understand the underlying core values or philosophy.

See songs on [[#On Government|government]].

Because [[anti-establishment]] attitudes are such an important part of the punk subculture, a network of [[independent record label]]s, venues and distributors has developed. Some punk bands have chosen to break from this independent system and work within the established system of [[major label]]s. The [[do it yourself]] (DIY) ideal is common in the punk scene, especially in terms of music recording and distribution, concert promotion, and photocopying magazines, posters and flyers. The expression [[DIY]] was coined by commentators after the fact.

==[[Authoritarianism]]==

In punk thought, authority corrupts humans to intolerable extremes. Police, religion, governments and any other institution that has the ability to coerce is seen as dangerous and despicable. Authority leads always to corruption and abuse. Punk ideas concerning authority derive in part from the political [[ideology]] of [[anarchism]]. [[Police brutality]] and institutionalized

[[discrimination]] against punks also account for this stance on authoritarianism.

== Specific ideologies and philosophies ==

See songs on [[#On Authoritarianism|authoritarianism]].

The following include some of the most common ideologies and philosophies within the punk subculture (in alphabetical order).

=== Anarchism ===

==[[Conformity_%28psychology%29|Conformity]]==

{{Main|Anarcho-punk}}

Conformity is viewed as dangerous social coercion, which prevents people from seeing the true nature of society and forces people to be obedient to the desires of those who hold power.

[[File:Punk Occupy Pittsburgh protestors (6262172208).jpg|thumb|right|170px|A punk protester of the

[[Occupy Pittsburgh|2011 Occupy Pittsburgh movement]] carries a sign incorporating an anarchy symbol]]

There is a complex and worldwide underground of punks committed to anarchism as a serious political ideology, sometimes termed "peace punks" or "[[anarcho-punk|anarcho-punks]]." While some well-known punk bands such as the [[Sex Pistols]] and [[The Exploited]] had songs about [[anarchy]], notably the Pistols' "[[Anarchy in the UK]]", they did not embrace anarchism as a disciplined ideology. As such, these bands are not considered part of the anarcho-punk scene.<ref>Glasper, Ian (2006), ''The Day the Country Died: A History of Anarcho Punk 1980 to 1984'', Cherry Red publishing, {{ISBN|978-1-901447-70-5}}</ref>

Anarcho-punks typically believe in [[direct action]]. Many anarcho-punks are [[pacifism|pacifists]] (e.g. Crass and [[Discharge (band)|Discharge]]) and therefore believe in using non-violent means of achieving their aims. These include peaceful protest, [[squatting]], [[graffiti|applying legal graffiti]], [[culture jamming]], [[ecotage]], [[freeganism]], [[boycott|boycotting]], [[civil disobedience]], [[hacktivism]] and [[subvertising]]. Some anarcho-punks believe that violence or property damage is an acceptable way of achieving social change (e.g. [[Conflict (band)|Conflict]]). This manifests itself as [[riot|rioting]], [[graffiti|illegal graffiti]], [[vandalism]], wire cutting, [[Hunt saboteur|hunt sabotage]], participation in [[Class War|Class War-style activities]], melee weapons and in extreme cases, [[firebombing|bombings]]. Notable anarchist punk artists include: [[Aus-Rotten]], [[Dave Insurgent]], [[Crass]], [[Subhumans (British band)|Subhumans]], [[Colin Jerwood]], and [[Dave Dictor]].

See songs on [[#On Conformity|conformity]].

=== Animal rights and veganism ===

==[[Conspiracy Theory|Conspiratorialism]]==

{{main|Animal rights and punk subculture}}

For many punks, the dissatisfaction they feel for the actions of their governments is so strong that they have developed elaborate conspiracy theories to explain the motivations of their governments. Some of these theories are plausible and are taken seriously. Others are blatant fantasies used to convey deep cynicism. Many songs have been written to express these theories - some serious, others satirical.

In the 1980s, both [[straight edge]] hardcore punk in the United States<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Helton|first1=Jesse J.|last2=Staudenmeier|first2=William J.|year=2002|title=Re-imagining being 'straight' in straight edge|journal=Contemporary Drug Problems|volume=29|issue=2|page=465|doi=10.1177/009145090202900209|s2cid=143410996|issn=0091-4509}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Wood|first=Robert T.|title=Nailed to the X: A Lyrical History of Straightedge|journal=Journal of Youth Studies|year=1999|volume=2|issue=2|pages=133–151|doi=10.1080/13676261.1999.10593032}}</ref> and anarcho-punk in the United Kingdom<ref name="descartes">{{cite web|url=https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/len-tilburger-and-chris-p-kale-nailing-descartes-to-the-wall-animal-rights-veganism-and-punk-cu|last1=Tilbürger|first1=Len|last2=Kale|first2=Chris P|title="Nailing Descartes to the Wall": Animal Rights, Veganism and Punk Culture|publisher=Active Distribution|date=2014}}</ref> started to become associated with [[animal rights]]. This association was made possible through activism by bands such as [[Napalm Death]], [[Icons of Filth]], [[Conflict (band)|Conflict]], and [[Electro Hippies]]. Some musicians in these bands were vegans and vegetarians themselves and publicly advocated for these ideologies. In addition to this, bands at the forefront of this movement included lyrical themes pertaining to [[animal rights]], [[vegetarianism]] and [[veganism]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cherry |first=Elizabeth |date=February 2015 |title=I Was a Teenage Vegan: Motivation and Maintenance of Lifestyle Movements |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/soin.12061 |journal=Sociological Inquiry |language=en |volume=85 |issue=1 |pages=55–74 |doi=10.1111/soin.12061|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Consequently, these ideas became a feature of the punk subculture and this association continues on into the 21st century.<ref name="descartes" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Haenfler|first=Ross|title=Straight Edge: Hardcore Punk, Clean Living Youth, and Social Change|url=https://archive.org/details/straightedgeclea00haen_179|url-access=limited|year=2006|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=0-8135-3851-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/straightedgeclea00haen_179/page/n65 53] and 427–8}}</ref> A notable example is Jack McGarry of the band SX-70 citing messages of animal rights in lyrics of music he listened to as an influence in becoming vegan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Donaghy |first=Matt |date=2020-08-03 |title=Veganism and punk rock: An unexpected duo |url=https://theveganreview.com/veganism-and-punk-rock-an-unexpected-duo/ |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=The Vegan Review |language=en-US}}</ref> It is additionally evidenced by the prominence of vegan punk events such as [[Fluff Fest]] in Europe.<ref name="sober">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YWb7BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA137|title=Sober Living for the Revolution: Hardcore Punk, Straight Edge, and Radical Politics|page=137|last=Kuhn|first=Gabriel|publisher=PM Press|date=2010|isbn=978-1604860511|author-link=Gabriel Kuhn|access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="bandcamp">{{cite web|url=https://daily.bandcamp.com/2017/09/20/czech-diy-list/|title=The Sincere and Vibrant World of the Czech DIY Scene|publisher=Bandcamp|first=Jacopo|last=Sanna|date=20 September 2017|access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref>

=== Apoliticism ===

See songs on [[#On Conspiracy Theories|conspiracy theories]].

Some punks claim to be adherents to [[apoliticism]], such as the band [[Charged GBH]] and the singer [[GG Allin]], although some socio-political ideas have appeared in their lyrics. Some Charged GBH songs have discussed social issues, and a few have expressed anti-war views. Allin expressed a vague desire to kill the United States president and destroy the political system in his song "Violence Now".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geocities.com/ekx001/LYRIC/VNATP.html |title=The GG Allin SuperSite Lyrics - Violence Now - Assassinate The President |access-date=2014-05-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027094628/http://geocities.com/ekx001/LYRIC/VNATP.html |archive-date=October 27, 2009 }}</ref> Punk subgenres that are generally apolitical include [[glam punk]], [[psychobilly]], [[horror punk]], [[punk pathetique]], [[death rock]] and [[pop punk]]. Many of the bands credited with starting the punk movement were decidedly apolitical, including [[The Dictators]], [[Ramones]] (which featured staunch [[Conservatism|conservative]] [[Johnny Ramone]] alongside [[liberalism|liberal]] activist [[Joey Ramone]]), [[New York Dolls]], [[Television (band)|Television]], [[Johnny Thunders' Heartbreakers]], and [[Richard Hell & The Voidoids]].

=== Christianity ===

==[[Militarism]]==

{{main|Christian punk}}

Punk ideology uncompromisingly rejects the use of [[Armed_force|military]] force. To punks, the military is the most extreme form of [[#Authoritarianism|authoritarianism]].

[[Christian punk]] is a subgenre of punk rock with some degree of Christian lyrical content. Some Christian punk bands are associated with the [[Contemporary Christian music|Christian music industry]],<ref name="allmusic.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/style/christian-punk-ma0000002639/artists|title=Christian Punk Music Artists - AllMusic|website=AllMusic|access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref> while others reject that association. Ideologies within Christian punk vary, though a number of bands lean towards traditional left-wing politics, most prominently [[Crashdog]], [[Showbread (band)]], [[Ballydowse]] and [[The Psalters]], the latter three of whom identified as [[Christian anarchism|Christian anarchists]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bramboniusinenglish.wordpress.com/2012/03/14/the-lost-psalters-interview-from-august-11-kortrijk/ |title=The Lost Psalters Interview |date=March 14, 2012 |publisher=Brambonius}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://londoncelticpunks.wordpress.com/tag/ballydowse/ |title=Tribute to Ballydowse |publisher=London Celtic Punks Web-Zine |date=June 29, 2015}}</ref> Further examples of notable Christian punk bands include [[Altar Boys]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/altar-boys-mn0000793617/biography |title=Altar Boys |publisher=[[Allmusic]]}}</ref> [[The Crucified]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-crucified-mn0000135837|title=The Crucified - Biography, Albums, Streaming Links - AllMusic|website=AllMusic|access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref> [[Five Iron Frenzy]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/five-iron-frenzy-mn0000178494 |title=Five Iron Frenzy |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> [[Flatfoot 56]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/flatfoot-56-mn0000921885 |title=Flatfoot 56 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> Side Walk Slam, and pop-punk band [[MxPx]], who earned a [[Music recording certification|gold record]] in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mxpx-mn0000521851 |title=MxPx |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref>

=== Conservatism ===

See songs on [[#On Militarism|militarism]].

{{see also|Conservative Punk}}

A moderate number of punk bands and artists are [[Conservatism|conservative]], rejecting [[liberalism]], [[communism]] and [[socialism]] in favor of conservatism. Notable conservative punks include [[Johnny Ramone]], [[Dee Dee Ramone]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/ramones-19-1332648|title=Marky Ramone: 'Phil Spector didn't hold a gun to us' {{!}} NME|date=2008-12-02|website=NME Music News, Reviews, Videos, Galleries, Tickets and Blogs {{!}} NME.COM|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-12-25}}</ref> [[Cherie Currie]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Jeff |date=15 September 2014 |title=Shotguns, Chainshaws and Cherry bombs: Cherie Currie is one badass mother!|work=Stomp And Stammer |url=https://stompandstammer.com/feature-stories/cherie-currie/}}</ref> [[Forgotten Rebels]], [[The Effigies|John Kezdy]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=S. Debies-Carl|first=Jeffery|title=The Politics of Post-9/11 Music: Sound, Trauma, and the Music Industry in the Time of Terror|date=2014 |language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGAKBAAAQBAJ&dq=%22John+Kezdy%22&pg=PA88|isbn=9781409494928|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]}}</ref> [[Billy Zoom]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.markprindle.com/zoom-i.htm |title=Billy Zoom interview |publisher=Markprindle.com |access-date=2014-05-20}}</ref> [[Exene Cervenka]],<ref name="HuffPost-RockStarsTrump-20173">{{cite news |last1=Kinsella |first1=Warren |date=July 31, 2017 |title=When Even Rock Stars Like Donald Trump |work=[[Huffington Post]] |url=https://www.huffpost.com/archive/ca/entry/when-even-rock-stars-like-donald-trump_a_23057784 |access-date=November 23, 2021}}</ref> [[Joe Escalante]], [[Bobby Steele]], [[Ross the Boss]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Wengrofsky |first=Yehudah |date=April 1, 2021 |title=Ross 'The Boss' tells American Jews to get tough |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |url=https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/ross-the-boss-tells-american-jews-to-get-tough/}}</ref> [[Duane Peters]], [[The Dickies|Leonard Graves Phillips]],<ref name="A. Ensminger 2023">{{Cite book|last=A. Ensminger|first=David |title=Roots Punk: A Visual and Oral History |date=2023 |language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PMjcEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22lee+ving%22+%22johnny+ramone%22&pg=PT113|isbn=978-1496848437|publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]]}}</ref> [[D.I. (band)|John Knight]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Lewis|first=Randy|title=Punkers to play for GOP group|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-03-08-ca-32582-story.html|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 8, 1985}}</ref> [[Jon Moss]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Matos |first=Michaelangelo |date=2020|publisher=Hachette Books|title=How 1984 Became Pop's Blockbuster Year|isbn=9780306903359|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZL7bDwAAQBAJ&q=John+Moss&pg=PT47}}</ref> [[Lee Ving]],<ref name="A. Ensminger 2023">{{Cite book|last=A. Ensminger|first=David |title=Roots Punk: A Visual and Oral History |date=2023 |language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PMjcEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22lee+ving%22+%22johnny+ramone%22&pg=PT113|isbn=978-1496848437|publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]]}}</ref> [[Klamydia]], [[Dave Smalley]],<ref name="A. Ensminger 2023">{{Cite book|last=A. Ensminger|first=David |title=Roots Punk: A Visual and Oral History |date=2023 |language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PMjcEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22lee+ving%22+%22johnny+ramone%22&pg=PT113|isbn=978-1496848437|publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]]}}</ref> [[U.S. Chaos]], [[Cro-Mags]],<ref>{{cite web|last=McPheeters |first=Sam |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/survival-of-the-streets-137-v16n9/ |title=Survival Of The Streets |publisher=Vice.com |date=2009-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020165134/http://www.vice.com/read/survival-of-the-streets-137-v16n9 |access-date=2014-05-20|archive-date=20 October 2012 |url-status=live |quote=The original album art reworked this philosophy into a trickier conservatism than Agnostic Front’s blue-collar grumbling. Inside a mushroom cloud doubling as a crystal ball, the cover drawing revealed a mix of evils from the Krishna perspective: a slaughterhouse, dogfighting, drug abuse, abortion doctors chucking a fetus, two gay men strolling arm in arm. Profile nixed this art, and the band instead chose a photograph of a real mushroom cloud—the 1954 Castle Romeo test—in what has to stand as one of the all-time classics of truth in advertising.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Flota |first1=Brian |title=The Politics of Post-9/11 Music: Sound, Trauma, and the Music Industry in the Time of Terror |date=2016 |language=en |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hx-gCwAAQBAJ&dq=%22fear%22+%22cro-mags%22+%22murphy%27s+law%22&pg=PA133|isbn=978-1-4094-9492-8|publisher=Taylor & Francis}}</ref> and [[Agnostic Front]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Root|first=Damon|title=A Brief History of Conservative and Libertarian Punk Rock|url=https://reason.com/2014/05/15/a-brief-history-of-conservative-and-libe/|work=Reason|date=15 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Flota |first1=Brian |title=The Politics of Post-9/11 Music: Sound, Trauma, and the Music Industry in the Time of Terror |date=2016 |language=en |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hx-gCwAAQBAJ&dq=%22fear%22+%22cro-mags%22+%22murphy%27s+law%22&pg=PA133|isbn=978-1-4094-9492-8|publisher=Taylor & Francis}}</ref> [[John Lydon]] of the [[Sex Pistols]] has also expressed some conservative views as early as the [[1980s|80s]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Lewis|first=Isobel|title=Sex Pistols' John Lydon says voters are done with 'intellectual left-wing ideas' as he defends Trump|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/john-lydon-trump-sex-pistols-gmb-b1586651.html|work=Independent|date=4 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Callwood |first=Brett |date=October 28, 2020 |title=Basslines and Protest Signs Part 61: What Would Jello Do?|work=[[idobi Radio]] |url=https://idobi.com/high-life/basslines-and-protest-signs-61/|quote=“Johnny has had a conservative streak in him from the get go,” he says. “He was coming out in favor of nuclear power in the ’80s.}}</ref> During the [[1980 United States presidential election]], [[Iggy Pop]] became a vocal supporter of [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref>{{cite news|last=O'Hagan|first=Nathan|title=Reaganite Rockers to Brexit Punks: 'The Kids are Alt-Right'|url=https://bylinetimes.com/2021/02/22/reaganite-rockers-to-brexit-punks-the-kids-are-alt-right/|work=[[Byline Times]]|date=22 February 2021|quote=Of all the conservative rock stars, perhaps the most bemusing is Iggy Pop. The artist formerly known as James Osterhaus was, like Johnny Ramone, a vocal supporter of Reagan. "I’ve been waiting for someone who could communicate the joys of liberty as compared to the joys of equality" he said.}}</ref> [[Ian Curtis]] of the [[post-punk]] quartet [[Joy Division]] was a loyal [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] voter<ref>{{Cite book|last=Curtis |first=Deborah|date=2014|publisher=Faber & Faber|title=Touching From a Distance|isbn=9780571322411|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LmSwBAAAQBAJ&dq=%22cancel+his+vote%22+ian&pg=PT59|pages=256}}</ref> who not only voted for [[Margaret Thatcher]] in [[1979 United Kingdom general election|1979]] but persuaded the Liberal candidate to give him a lift to the polling station in order to do so.<ref>{{cite news|last=Stubbs|first=David|title=Join The Chant? Pop's Endlessly Problematic Relationship With Politics|url=https://thequietus.com/opinion-and-essays/black-sky-thinking/politics-pop-music-general-election/|work=[[The Quietus]]|date=21 April 2015|quote=Ian Curtis of Joy Division not only voted Conservative in 1979 but persuaded the Liberal candidate to give him a lift to the polling station in order to do so.}}</ref>

Some [[Christian punk]] and hardcore bands have [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] political stances, in particular some of the [[New York hardcore|NYHC]] bands.<ref>{{cite web|last=McPheeters |first=Sam |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/survival-of-the-streets-137-v16n9/ |title=Survival Of The Streets |publisher=Vice.com |date=2009-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020165134/http://www.vice.com/read/survival-of-the-streets-137-v16n9 |access-date=2014-05-20|url-status=live |archive-date=20 October 2012 }}</ref>

==[[Selling out]]==

=== Environmentalism ===

The issues surrounding the act of compromising one's ethical parameters in exchange for personal gain are of particular relevance to punk ideology and culture. Generally, selling out refers to any abandonment of personal and/or community values in exchange for some reciprocal gain, usually in the form of wealth, status, or power. However, due to the direct association between punk rock music and punk ideology, this issue has taken on a specific meaning unique to the punk rock community.

{{Excerpt|Environmentalism in music#Punk rock}}

=== Feminism ===

Because [[anti-establishment]] attitudes are such an important part of this version of punk ideology, a network of independent music labels, venues, and distributors has slowly come into existence (see [[#Do It Yourself|Do It Yourself]]), allowing parties interested in the creation, distribution, and purchase of independently-produced punk music to opt out of the [[major label|major label]] system. These networks bypass the traditional systems of content distribution, which are controlled by a small number of large corporations who many feel stifle creative initiative and marginalize the concepts presented in punk ideology.

{{Further|Riot grrrl}}

Riot grrrl is an underground subcultural [[Feminism|feminist]] punk movement that combines feminism, punk music and politics. It began during the early 1990s within the United States in [[Olympia, Washington]], and the greater [[Pacific Northwest]]. It is often associated with [[third-wave feminism]], which is sometimes seen as having grown out of the riot grrrl movement, and has recently been seen in current [[Fourth-wave feminism|fourth-wave feminist]] punk music. Riot grrrl bands often address issues such as [[rape]], [[Domestic Abuse|domestic abuse]], [[sexuality]], [[racism]], [[patriarchy]], [[classism]], [[anarchism]], and often contain themes of [[female empowerment]]. Primary bands associated with the movement include [[Bikini Kill]], [[Bratmobile]], [[Heavens to Betsy]], [[Excuse 17]], [[Huggy Bear (band)|Huggy Bear]], [[Skinned Teen]], [[Emily's Sassy Lime]] and [[Sleater-Kinney]], small italian band Pankhurst, as well as [[queercore]] groups such as [[Team Dresch]] and the [[The Third Sex (band)|Third Sex]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Riot Grrrl Music Artists |url=https://www.allmusic.com/style/riot-grrrl-ma0000011837/artists |access-date=2022-11-02 |website=AllMusic |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Strong |first=Catherine |date=2011 |title=Grunge, Riot Grrrl and the Forgetting of Women in Popular Culture |url=https://www.academia.edu/5621435 |journal=The Journal of Popular Culture |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=398–416 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-5931.2011.00839.x |issn=0022-3840}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-28 |title=Riot grrrl: 10 of the best |url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2015/jan/28/riot-grrrl-10-of-the-best |access-date=2022-11-02 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=V. F. |date=2015-08-20 |title=Capturing the riot grrrl attitude in 10 records |url=https://thevinylfactory.com/features/capturing-the-riot-grrrl-attitude-in-10-records/ |access-date=2022-11-02 |website=The Vinyl Factory |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Hare Krishna ===

Often, up-and-coming or long-established punk artists will choose to break from this independent system and work within the established system of major record labels, incurring criticism from within the punk community. Some argue that through their choice, these artists have betrayed their communities and that as punk artists; their creative integrity is necessarily compromised. However, many artists have defended their actions, arguing that working through the major label system is a necessary evil to allow for the widest propagation of their artistic message. The band [[Chumbawamba]] is well known for using this justification when they signed on with the

{{Further|Krishnacore}}

major label [[EMI]].

The Filipino punk band the [[Krishnacore|Wuds]] which was formed in the early 1980s is the first known punk band who composed songs dedicated to [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|Hare Krishna]] movement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/wuds-mn0001790200|title=Wuds &#124; Biography & History|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=5 September 2020}}</ref> In the 1990s, some notable members of the [[New York hardcore]] scene, including [[Ray Cappo]] ([[Youth of Today]], [[Shelter (band)|Shelter]] and other bands), [[John Joseph (singer)|John Joseph]] ([[Cro-Mags]]) and [[Harley Flanagan]] (Cro-Mags) converted to [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|Hare Krishna]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-08-23 |title=punkbands.com :: reviews |url=http://www.punkbands.com:80/reviews.php?id=661 |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823161134/http://www.punkbands.com:80/reviews.php?id=661 |archive-date=2006-08-23 }}</ref> This led to trend within the western hardcore scene that became known as Krishnacore.

=== Islam ===

See songs on [[#On Selling Out|selling out]].

{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2014}}

[[Taqwacore]] is a punk subgenre, many of whose members are Muslim artists who live in the West.

==[[Religion]]= Liberalism ===

[[Liberalism|Liberal]] punks were in the punk subculture from the beginning and are mostly on the [[Social liberalism|liberal left]]. Notable liberal punks (second wave, mid-1990s to 2000s) include: [[Fat Mike]] of [[NOFX]], [[Ted Leo]], [[Green Day]], [[Crashdog]], [[Dropkick Murphys]], [[Hoxton Tom McCourt]], [[Jared Gomes]] of [[Hed PE]],<ref>{{cite web |title=John Doe Revolution: (Həd) PE |url=http://www.johndoerevolution.com/2010/08/hd-pe.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129035243/http://www.johndoerevolution.com/2010/08/hd-pe.html |archive-date=2014-11-29 |access-date=2014-11-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ct) |first1=News-Times |date=25 March 2009 |title=Latest (hed) p.e. album has plenty of messages |url=http://www.newstimes.com/news/article/Latest-hed-p-e-album-has-plenty-of-messages-116661.php |access-date=29 August 2017 |newspaper=News-Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=(Hed)p.e - Interviews - Killyourstereo.com |url=http://www.killyourstereo.com/interviews/1025867/hedp-e |access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Own Blood Magazine |url=http://www.ownblood-magazine.de/interviews187.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218034734/http://www.ownblood-magazine.de/interviews187.htm |archive-date=2014-12-18 |access-date=2014-11-21}}</ref> [[Tim Armstrong]] of [[Rancid (band)|Rancid]] and [[Tim McIlrath]] of [[Rise Against]]. Liberal ideologies in punk music are most notably found in the lyrical content of these songs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Records |first=Epitaph |date=2003-05-28 |title=NOFX "Fight The Power" in this interview by Aversion.com! |url=https://www.epitaph.com/news/article/nofx-fight-the-power-in-this-interview-by-aversioncom |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=Epitaph Records |language=en}}</ref> While viewpoints typically associated with liberals (such as being [[Anti-war movement|anti-war]]) can be seen within the lyrical content of some punk songs, they are also sometimes endorsed by musicians in public statements and interviews as well.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mattson |first=Kevin |title=We're Not Here to Entertain: Punk Rock, Ronald Reagan, and the Real Culture War of 1980s America |date=6 August 2020 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0190908232 |pages=14–15 |language=English}}</ref> Some liberal punks also participated in the [[Rock Against Bush]] movement in the mid-2000s, in support of the Democratic Party candidate [[John Kerry]].

Many punk songs have lamented the [[Conformity|conformity]] that religion inspires and the coercive [[#Authoritarianism|authority]] of the

Church. Many punks are not religious and believe that religion offers more problems for [[humanity]] to deal with than solutions.

=== Neo-Nazism ===

See songs on [[#On Religion|religion]].

{{Main|Nazi punk|White power rock|Rock Against Communism}}

[[Nazi punk]]s have a [[White nationalism|white nationalist]] ideology that is closely related to that of [[white power skinhead]]s. [[Ian Stuart Donaldson]] and his band [[Skrewdriver]] are credited with popularizing [[white power rock]] and [[hatecore]] (for its hateful lyrical themes), or [[Rock Against Communism]]. Nazi punks are different from early punks such as [[Sid Vicious]] and [[Siouxsie Sioux]], who are believed to have incorporated Nazi imagery such as [[swastika]]s for shock or comedy value. "[[Nazi Punks Fuck Off]]" is a song by the [[Dead Kennedys]], an American punk rock band, and is often considered the most famous song regarding nazi punk. The song was released in 1981 and was written in response to the rise of neo-Nazi and far-right punks that had started attending Dead Kennedy shows in response to their satirical song "[[Kill the Poor]]". The lyrics of "Nazi Punks Fuck Off" condemn the presence of far-right and fascist punks attending their shows, calling out individuals who espouse racist, sexist, and homophobic beliefs. The song's chorus is a direct call to action, urging punk fans to reject and expel these hateful elements from their community.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gravley |first=Garrett |url=https://www.dallasobserver.com/music/is-maga-the-new-punk-11948117 |title=Is Conservatism the New Punk Rock? &#124; Dallas Observer United States |publisher=dallasobserver.com |date=2020-09-30 |access-date=2023-03-03}}</ref>

==[[Patriotism]]= Nihilism ===

Centering on a belief in the abject lack of meaning and value to life, [[nihilism]] was a fixture in some early punk rock and [[protopunk]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.3ammagazine.com/3am/interview-with-simon-critchley/|title=Nihilism, Punk and the International Necronautical Society: an interview with Simon Critchley -|date=30 March 2009|access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref> The [[Sex Pistols]] were central to the association of punk and nihilism, with the ''Trouser Press Record Guide'' writing that their "confrontational, nihilistic public image and rabidly nihilistic socio-political lyrics set the tone that continues to guide punk bands."<ref>Robbins, Ira, "Sex Pistols", in ''The Trouser Press Record Guide'', 4th ed., ed. Ira Robbins, p.585, Collier, 1991. {{ISBN|0-02-036361-3}}</ref> However, researcher Neil Eriksen argues that though "much of the critical realism [of punk rock] expresses cynicism and nihilism, it does serve to question existing relations in such a way that listeners are forced to think about what is being said",<ref name="marxists.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.marxists.org/history/erol/periodicals/theoretical-review/19801802.htm|title=Popular Culture and Revolutionary Theory: Understanding Punk Rock|last=EROL|website=www.marxists.org|access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref> so that overt rejection of meaning is primarily concerned with challenging existing values.

Most left-wing punks are contemptuous of their governments and do not express a great deal of patriotism. Furthermore, patriotism as devotion to the state conflicts with the anti-[[statism]] of anarchism. Punks often object to patriotism as being used as an excuse for governments to act in immoral ways.

=== Situationism ===

==The [[mass media|media]]==

The [[Situationist International]] (SI) was an early influence on punk subculture in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name="Marcus, Greil 1989">Marcus, Greil, Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the Twentieth Century, Harvard University Press, 1989. {{ISBN|0-571-23228-0}}</ref> Started in continental Europe in the 1950s, the SI was an avant-garde political movement that sought to recapture the ideals of surrealist art and use them to construct new and radical social situations. [[Malcolm McLaren]] introduced situationist ideas to punk through his management of the band [[Sex Pistols]].<ref name="Marcus, Greil 1989" /> [[Vivienne Westwood]], McLaren's partner and the band's designer/stylist, expressed situationist ideals through fashion that was intended to provoke a specific social response. 15% Pus and DUST, subversive 1990s Manchester bands, staged psycho-geographic walks around [[Hulme]] and created human collages from road signs as part of what became known as 'psycho-spectre'. [[Jamie Reid]]'s distinctive album cover artwork was openly situationist.

Punks often portray the mass media as a dangerous instrument of [[propaganda|social control]]. [[Television]] is, for the most part seen as a waste of [[time]] and a distraction from [[reality]] and healthier habits. Punk music often laments the [[commercialism]], and the power interests that control the media. The [[#Do It Yourself|Do It Yourself]] punk ethic is a reaction to this perceived imbalance of power in the media.

=== Socialism ===

A new form of highly political punks, who call themselves [[Individualistic Punks]], believe that the media is used as a tool of government control. They argue that by only reporting the two leading parties, the Democrats and the Republicans, the media guarantees itself a win/win situation. They believe that Democrats and Republicans only share subtle differences in contrast to the rest of the political parties.

[[The Clash]] were a blatantly political punk rock band, introducing [[socialism]] to the punk scene.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yfMIaUCBTWMC&pg=PA47|title=Left of the Dial: Conversations with Punk Icons|first=David|last=Ensminger|date=5 September 2013|publisher=PM Press|isbn=9781604866414|access-date=5 September 2020|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9qfACzulTwIC&pg=PT327 |title=Seventies Unplugged - Gerard DeGroot - Google Books |date=2011-05-20 |isbn=9781447203520 |access-date=2014-05-20|last1=Degroot |first1=Gerard |publisher=Pan Macmillan }}</ref> Clash frontman [[Joe Strummer]] said of his socialist views "I believe in socialism because it seems more humanitarian, rather than every man for himself and 'I'm alright jack' and all those asshole businessmen with all the loot. I made up my mind from viewing society from that angle. That's where I'm from and there's where I've made my decisions from. That's why I believe in socialism."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Salewicz|first1=Chris|title=Redemption Song: The Ballad of Joe Strummer|date=May 13, 2008|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|isbn=978-0865479821}}</ref> Some of the original [[Oi!]] bands expressed a rough form of socialist [[working class]] [[populism]] — often mixed with [[patriotism]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Matthew Worley |url=http://tcbh.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/03/20/tcbh.hwt001.full |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141116181212/http://tcbh.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/03/20/tcbh.hwt001.full |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-11-16 |title=Oi! Oi! Oi!: Class, Locality, and British Punk |publisher=Tcbh.oxfordjournals.org |access-date=2014-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Alexis Petridis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/mar/18/oi-cockney-rejects-garry-bushell-interview |title=Misunderstood or hateful? Oi!'s rise and fall &#124; Music |work=The Guardian |date=18 March 2010 |access-date=2014-05-20}}</ref><ref name="truth_garry">{{cite web|author= Bushell, Garry|url=http://www.garry-bushell.co.uk/oi/index.asp |title=Oi!—The Truth|publisher=garry-bushell.co.uk|access-date=2010-11-19 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080731120915/http://www.garry-bushell.co.uk/oi/index.asp |archive-date = 2008-07-31}}</ref> Many Oi! bands sang about [[unemployment]], economic inequality, working class power and police harassment. In the 1980s, several notable British socialist punk musicians were involved with [[Red Wedge]]. Notable socialist punks include: [[Attila the Stockbroker]], [[Billy Bragg]], [[Bruce La Bruce]], [[Garry Bushell]] (until the late 1980s), [[The Redskins|Chris Dean]], [[The Dicks|Gary Floyd]], [[Jack Grisham]], [[Stewart Home]], [[Dennis Lyxzén]], [[Angelic Upstarts|Thomas Mensforth]], [[Fermin Muguruza]], [[Boikot|Alberto Pla]], [[Tom Robinson (musician)|Tom Robinson]], [[Seething Wells]], [[The Men They Couldn't Hang|Paul Simmonds]], [[Rob Tyner]], Joe Strummer, [[Ian Svenonius]], [[Mark Steel]] and [[Paul Weller (singer)|Paul Weller]] (guitarist for British powerhouse, new wave band, [[The Jam]]). Neil Eriksen wrote in 1980: "... we feel that elements of punk rock fulfill a revolutionary cultural function".<ref name="marxists.org"/>

=== Straight edge ===

See songs on [[#On The Media|the media]].

{{Main|Straight edge|Hardline (subculture)}}

[[Straight edge]] originated in the [[Washington, D.C.]] hardcore punk scene with the [[Minor Threat]] song "Straight Edge" written by frontman [[Ian MacKaye]] and guitarist Brian Baker. Straight edge involves abstaining from [[Alcoholic beverage|alcohol]], [[tobacco]], and [[recreational drug use]]. Some who claim the title straight edge also abstain from [[caffeine]], casual sex and meat. Those stricter individuals may be considered part of the [[Hardline (subculture)|hardline subculture]]. Unlike the shunning of meat and caffeine, refraining from casual sex was without question a practice in the original straight edge lifestyle, but it has been overlooked in many of the later reincarnations of straight edge. For some, straight edge is a simple lifestyle preference, but for others it is a political stance. In many cases, it is a rejection of the perceived self-destructive qualities of punk and hardcore culture. MacKaye has often spoken out against others labeling themselves as being Straight edge, which was never his intentions for it being a label, but it became a movement one which he became annoyed with. Notable straight edgers: [[Tim McIlrath]], [[CM Punk]] and [[Davey Havok]].

== See also ==

==[[Environmentalism]]==

*[[Anarchism and animal rights]]

Many punks are practicing environmentalists. "While there will always be different opinions coming from under the punk banner, the most evident environmental philosophy closely resembles something called '[[Deep Ecology]]'"^<B>*</B>. This is a non-[[anthropocentric]]

*[[Anarchism and the arts]]

form of environmentalism meaning it is a philosophy that sees [[humans]] as merely one of many species with no special importance. This idea of Deep Ecology is seen in the last lyrics to the [[Bad Religion]] song ''Modern Day Catastrophists'':

*[[CrimethInc.]]

*[[List of political punk songs]]

:What makes you think you can cure our disease?

:Maybe it's just our biology,

:Maybe it's time to make room for another species,

:This is the 21st century

See songs on [[#On Environmentalism|environmentalism]].

==[[Aesthetics]]==

===[[Music]]===

Punk music is loud, fast, and usually didactic. The sound is meant to express impatience, frustration and discontent. It also expresses anger and aggression by being loud and fast. The rhythm is monotonous. Punk music intentionally defies the expectations that the listener has become accustomed to from listening to other, more commercial forms of music. The [[lyrics]] are usually sung too fast or

loud to be understood by the listener who often must read them from the lyric sheet (usually supplied with the album) in order to understand them.

===[[Fashion]]===

In the early [[1980]]'s, a very distinct [[Punk fashion]] became visible in the [[subculture]]. It expressed many of the things that punk music expressed: aggression, rebellion, individualism and so forth. This use of fashion being used as a way to be shocking, may have been influenced in part by the [[Futurism_%28art%29|Futurist]]. As the punk movement matured, fashion became less important as punk ideas became more important. Punk fashion has also received criticisms for being meaningless and for being conformist as the fashion grew in popularity.

===[[Visual arts]]===

Visual art is usually straightforward with a clear message. Album covers contain potent messages concerning social injustice, economic disparity, and images of suffering to shock and create a feeling of empathy in the viewer. Alternatively, they may contain images of selfishness, apathy, and other things that may provoke contempt in the viewer. Much of the earlier artwork was in black and white. This was because earlier art was distributed in fanzines created at copy shops.

[[Image:HolidayInCambodia.jpg]]

[[Image:FightWarNotWarArmyPropaganda.gif]]

==[[Ethics]]==

As explained in the other sections of this article, punk ideology sees the world as deeply corrupt. Because of this worldview, a distinct system of beliefs has emerged from the punk movement, which tries to explain the way people ought to behave in such a bleak world.

===Non-[[conformity_%28psychology%29|conformity]]===

As the section on [[#Conformity|conformity]] pointed out, punks see this social phenomenon as deceitful and coercive. Being a nonconformist is one of the most obvious of all punk attributes. The unique, and to many abrasive, sound of punk music expresses not only aggression and discontent but also a refusal to sound [[mainstream]] or to sound acceptable to a wide audience. Punk fashion was originally expression of nonconformity with mainstream culure as well as that of [[hippie]] counterculture.

A prime example of this non-conformity is a quote from [[Billie Joe Armstrong]], lead singer and guitarist of the band [[Green Day]]: "A guy walks up to me and asks 'What's Punk?'. So I kick over a garbage can and say 'That's punk!'. So he kicks over the garbage can and says 'That's Punk?', and I say 'No that's a trend!'"

See songs on [[#On conformity|On Non-Conformity]].

===[[DIY punk ethic|Do it yourself]]===

In the late 1970s, the punk movement was operating in an environment controlled to an unacceptable degree by outside influences. Because this impinged on the freedom of the movement, people in the punk scene began creating their own record companies, organizing their own concerts, and creating their own print media. This became known as the DIY movement. "Don't hate the media, ''become'' the media" is a famous motto for this movement.

===[[Direct Action]]===

Punks often participate in direct action to accomplish desired goals. In addition to [[protest]]s, [[boycott]]s and so forth, punks are also known for the use of [[violence]]. More active and radical members of the community have been known to bomb gas stations, destroy animal research laboratories, and alter billboards to include political messages. Recently the phenomenon of [[hactivism]] has been used as an additional method of sabotage. These acts are committed in an effort to create social change when it is thought that the normal channels for change have been proven ineffective. Destruction of private property is often deemed acceptable by punks because it conveys a powerful message of disapproval without hurting people. Because Punks tend to disdain [[economic materialism|materialism]], the destruction of someone else's private property does not receive much sympathy.

See songs on [[#On Direct Action|direct action]].

===[[Vegetarians]], [[veganism]], and [[animal rights]]===

Some who identify themselves as punks see the exploitation of animals for food, clothing, and research as an extension of the oppression committed against humans. Other punks unconcerned with the treatment of animals have also converted to vegetarians/veganism based on the belief that raising livestock destroys land and water resources. Some punks believe that the brutal way humans treat animals is [[psychologically]] connected to the way humans oppress each other. Another animal rights issue that punks are concerned with is [[vivisection]] and other types of experimentation conducted on animals for [[cosmetic]] and [[medical]] purposes. These practices have prompted protests from the punk community and the creation of [[direct action]] organizations like the [[Animal Liberation Front]].

See songs on [[#On Vegetarians Veganism and Animal Rights|vegetarians, veganism, and animal rights]].

==Links to songs==

===On The Decline Of Man===

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/nofx/thedecline.html The Decline], [[The Decline]], [[NOFX]]

===On [[Government]]===

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=2874 A Commercial], [[Bedtime for Democracy]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=2797 California Über Alles], [[Fresh Fruit For Rotting Vegetables]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=2847 Dear Abby], [[Bedtime for Democracy]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=2834 Government Flu], [[Plastic Surgery Disasters]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=2869 I Am The Owl], [[Plastic Surgery Disasters]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/nofx/idiotsaretakingover.html Idiots are Taking Over], [[The War on Errorism]], [[NOFX]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/nofx/murderthegovernment.html Murder the Government], Fuck The Kids 7"/[[So Long and Thanks for All the Shoes]], [[NOFX]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/nofx/glasswar.html Glass War], 13 Stitches 7", [[NOFX]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/nofx/regainingunconsciousness.html Re-Gaining Unconsciousness], [[The War on Errorism]], [[NOFX]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=2828 Stars and Stripes of Corruption], [[Frankenchrist]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/subhumans/headsofstate.html Heads Of State], [[Worlds Apart|Worlds Apart]], [[Subhumans]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/greenday/holiday.html Holiday], [[American Idiot]], [[Green Day]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/antiflag/youvegottodieforthegovernment.html You've Got To Die for Your Government], [[Die For the Government]], [[Anti-Flag]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/nofx/perfectgovernment.html Perfect Government], [[Punk In Drublic]], [[NOFX]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/propagandhi/resistingtyrannicalgovernment.html, Resisting Tyrannical Government], [[Less Talk, More Rock]], [[Propagandhi]]

===On [[conformity]]===

*[http://www.thebrpage.net/songs.asp?AlbumID=5&key=60&SongName=Against%20The%20Grain Against the Grain], [[Against_the_Grain_%28album%29|Against the Grain]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.thebrpage.net/songs.asp?AlbumID=9&key=106&SongName=Individual Individual], [[Stranger Than Fiction]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.thebrpage.net/songs.asp?AlbumID=9&key=110&SongName=Inner%20Logic Inner Logic], [[Stranger Than Fiction]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=2878 Chickenshit Conformist], [[Bedtime for Democracy]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=2837 Terminal Preppie], [[Plastic Surgery Disasters]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=272 Come Join Us], [[The Gray Race]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.seeklyrics.com/lyrics/GREEN-DAY/American-Idiot.html], [[American Idiot]], [[Green Day]]

===On [[authoritarianism]]===

*[http://www.thebrpage.net/songs.asp?AlbumID=8&key=87&SongName=Portait%20Of%20Authority Portrait of Authority], [[Recipe for Hate]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.punkbands.com/lyrics/bands/subhumans/theday.htm#12 No], [[The Day The Country Died]], [[Subhumans]]

===On non-[[conformity]]===

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=140 Blenderhead], [[Against_the_Grain_%28album%29|Against The Grain]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=194 Henchman], [[No Control]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/nofx/180degrees.html 180 Degrees], [[So Long and Thanks for All the Shoes]], [[NOFX]]

===On [[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]]===

*[http://www.thebrpage.net/songs.asp?AlbumID=8&key=97&SongName=Stealth Stealth], [[Recipe for Hate]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=2904 Kinky Sex Makes The World Go 'Round], [[Give_Me_Convenience_or_Give_Me_Death|Give Me Convenience Or Give Me Death]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

===On [[drug legalization]]===

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/nofx/herojuana.html Herojuana], [[Pump Up the Valuum]], [[NOFX]]

*[http://lyrics.duble.com/lyrics/F/fifteen-lyrics/fifteen-my-congressman-lyrics.htm My Congressman], [[Lucky]], [[Fifteen]]

===On [[racism]]===

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/nofx/dontcallmewhite.html Don't Call Me White], [[Punk in Drublic]], [[NOFX]]

===On concerns of [[totalitarianism]]===

*[http://www.skaponk.com/lyrics/19309/ Get Off The Phone], [[Free Souls in a Trapped Environment]], [[Citizen Fish]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/lyrics/17148/ Nazi Scum], In Defence Of Our Earth, [[Oi Polloi]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=2867 Bleed For Me], [[Plastic Surgery Disasters]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/lyrics/10988/ Police Tv], The Massacre, [[The Exploited]]

===On [[vegetarians]], [[veganism]] and [[animal rights]]===

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/subhumans/pigman.html Pigman], [[Worlds Apart_(album)|Worlds Apart]], [[Subhumans]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/propagandhi/nailingdescartestothewallliquidmeatisstillmurder.html Nailing Descartes To The Wall], [[Less Talk, More Rock]], [[Propagandhi]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/nofx/clamshavefeelingstooactuallytheydont.html, Clams Have Feelings Too], [[Pump Up the Valuum]], [[NOFX]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/lyrics/19308/ Flesh And Blood], [[Free Souls in a Trapped Environment]], [[Citizen Fish]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/propagandhi/purinahalloffame.html, Purina Hall Of Fame], [[Today's Empires, Tomorrow's Ashes]], [[Propagandhi]]

===On heroes===

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/subhumans/heroes.html Heroes], [[29:29 Split Vision_(album)|29:29 Split Vision]], [[Subhumans]]

===On consumerism===

*[http://www.skaponk.com/lyrics/19264/ Panic In The Supermarket], [[Millennia Madness]], [[Citizen Fish]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/nofx/bleedingheartdisease.html Bleeding Heart Disease], [[Heavy Petting Zoo]], [[NOFX]]

===On [[work]]===

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/subhumans/gettoworkontime.html Get to Work on Time], [[Worlds Apart_(album)|Worlds Apart]], [[Subhumans]]

*[http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/deadkennedys/atmyjob.html At My Job], [[Frankenchrist]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

===On [[militarism]]===

*[http://www.thebrpage.net/songs.asp?AlbumID=1&key=3&SongName=Part%20III Part III], [[How_Could_Hell_Be_Any_Worse%3F|How Could Hell Be Any Worse?]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.thebrpage.net/songs.asp?AlbumID=7&key=79&SongName=Atomic%20Garden Atomic Garden], [[Generator_%28album%29|Generator]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.thebrpage.net/songs.asp?AlbumID=74&key=525&SongName=Let%20Them%20Eat%20War Let them Eat War], [[The Empire Strikes First]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=2849 Rambozo the Clown], [[Bedtime for Democracy]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=222 All Good Soldiers], [[Recipe for Hate]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/lyrics/19312/ Charity], [[Free Souls in a Trapped Environment]], [[Citizen Fish]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/propagandhi/marchofthecrabs.html, March Of The Crabs], [[Today's Empires, Tomorrow's Ashes]], [[Propagandhi]]

===On social criticism===

*[http://www.seeklyrics.com/lyrics/Subhumans/People-Are-Scared.html People are Scared], [[Rats_(album)|Rats]], [[Subhumans]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/subhumans/britishdisease.html British Disease], [[Worlds Apart_(album)|Worlds Apart]], [[Subhumans]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/subhumans/apathy.html Apathy], [[Worlds Apart_(album)|Worlds Apart]], [[Subhumans]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/nofx/theirrationalityofrationality.html The Irrationality of Rationality], [[The War on Errorism]], [[NOFX]]

===On [[selling out]]===

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=2898 Pull My Strings], [[Give_Me_Convenience_or_Give_Me_Death|Give Me Convience Or Give Me Death]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

*[http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/greenday/walkingcontradiction.html Walking Contradiction], [[Insomniac]], [[Green Day]]

===On [[religion]]===

*[http://www.thebrpage.net/songs.asp?AlbumID=1&key=4&SongName=Faith%20in%20God Faith in God], [[How_Could_Hell_Be_Any_Worse%3F|How Could Hell Be Any Worse?]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.thebrpage.net/songs.asp?AlbumID=1&key=12&SongName=Voice%20Of%20God%20Is%20Government Voice of God is Government], [[How_Could_Hell_Be_Any_Worse%3F|How Could Hell Be Any Worse?]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.thebrpage.net/songs.asp?AlbumID=15&key=165&SongName=Destined%20For%20Nothing Destined for nothing], [[The Process of Belief]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=219 American Jesus], [[Recipe_for_Hate]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=2815 Moral Majority], [[In_God_We_Trust%2C_Inc.|In God We Trust Inc.]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=2814 Religious Vomit], [[In_God_We_Trust%2C_Inc.|In God We Trust Inc.]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/subhumans/religiouswars.html Religious Wars], [[EP-LP_(album)]], [[Subhumans]]

===On the [[mass media|media]]===

*[http://www.thebrpage.net/songs.asp?AlbumID=7&key=83&SongName=Only%20Entertainment Only Entertainment], [[Generator_%28album%29|Generator]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.thebrpage.net/songs.asp?AlbumID=9&key=105&SongName=Television Television], [[Stranger Than Fiction]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=2851 Fleshdunce], [[Bedtime for Democracy]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=2823 M.T.V.--Get Off the Air], [[Frankenchrist]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=2856 Triumph of the Swill], [[Bedtime for Democracy]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

*[http://www.punkbands.com/lyrics/bands/subhumans/cradle.htm#7 Aversity], [[From the Cradle to the Grave_(album)|From the Cradle to the Grave]], [[Subhumans]]

*[http://membres.lycos.fr/fourdu/heyoka.html Ecran Noir], [[Demain Sera]], [[Heyoka]] (in French)

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/antiflag/undergroundnetwork.html Underground Network], [[Underground Network]], [[Anti-Flag]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/nofx/dinosaurswilldie.html Dinosaurs Will Die], [[Pump Up The Valuum]], [[NOFX]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/thecasualties/mediacontrol.html Media Control], [[On the Front Line]], [[The Casualties]]

===On [[environmentalism]]===

*[http://www.thebrpage.net/songs.asp?AlbumID=8&key=95&SongName=Modern%20Day%20Catastrophists Modern Day Catastrophophists], [[Recipe for Hate]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.thebrpage.net/songs.asp?AlbumID=5&key=51&SongName=Modern%20Man Modern Man], [[Against_the_Grain_%28album%29|Against the Grain]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.thebrpage.net/songs.asp?AlbumID=5&key=65&SongName=Unacceptable Unacceptable], [[Against_the_Grain_%28album%29|Against the Grain]], [[Bad Religion]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=2861 Cesspools in Eden], [[Bedtime for Democracy]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

===On [[Direct Action]]===

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=2881 D.M.S.O.], [[Bedtime for Democracy]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

*[http://www.skaponk.com/view_lyrics.php?id=2848 Forest Fire], [[Plastic Surgery Disasters]], [[Dead Kennedys]]

*[http://membres.lycos.fr/fourdu/heyoka.html Terra Y Libertad], [[Demain Sera]], [[Heyoka]] (in French)

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/goodriddance/classwar2000.html Class War 2000], Ignite/Good Riddance Split 7", [[Good Riddance]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/antiflag/gotthenumbers.html Got The Numbers], [[A New Kind of Army]], [[Anti-Flag]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/antiflag/911forpeace.html 911 For Peace], [[Mobilize]], [[Anti-Flag]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/antiflag/tearingdowntheborders.html Tearing Down the Borders], [[The Terror State]], [[Anti-Flag]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/antiflag/onepeopleonestruggle.html One People, One Struggle], [[The Terror State]], [[Anti-Flag]]

*[http://www.plyrics.com/lyrics/antiflag/zapatistadontgiveup.html Zapatista, Don't Give Up], [[Warped Tour]] 2001 compilation, [[Anti-Flag]]

==Books on Punk ideology==

*O'Hara, Craig, ''The Philosophy of Punk'', AK Press, 1999 ISBN 1873176163

==Important people in Punk ideology==

*[[Penny Rimbaud]]

*[[Eve Libertine]]

*[[Joey Shithead]]

*[[Greg Graffin]]

*[[Colin Jerwood]]

*[[Jello Biafra]]

*[[Dick Lucas]]

*[[Fat Mike]]

*[[Steve Ignorant]]

*[[Brett Gurewitz]]

*[[Nick Blinko]]

*[[Boff Whalley]]

*[[Tim Yohannon]]

*[[Ian MacKaye]]

*[[Kathleen Hanna]]

*[[John Holmstrom]]

*[[Legs McNeil]]

*[[John Lydon]]

==Other Punk ideologies==

*[[Straight Edge Punk ideology]]

*[[OI Punk ideology]]

*[[Nazi Punk ideology]]

==See also==

*[[List_of_musicians_of_Anarcho-punk|List of Anarcho-punk bands]]

*[[Music and politics]]

*[[AnarchoProtest punkart]]

*[[Rock and roll and the fall of communism]]

*[[Rock Against Bush]]

==External links==

*[[Rock Against Communism]]

*[http://www.badreligion.com/news/essays.php?id=5 ''Punk Manifesto''] by [[Greg Graffin]]

*[[Rock Against Racism]]

*[http://www.citizenfish.com/ The Official website for Subhumans and Citizen Fish]

*[[Rock Against Sexism]]

*[http://www.badreligion.com/ The Official website for Bad Religion]

*[[Solarpunk]]

*[http://www.thebrpage.net/ A very comprehensive site on Bad Religion that offers all song lyrics as well as contributed analyses of the songs.]

*[[Youth politics]]

*[http://www.southern.com/southern/band/CRASS/ The Official website for Crass]

*[[Youth subcultures]]

*[http://www.maximumrocknroll.com/mainpage/index.html Maximum Rock and Roll Fanzine] (See also [[Maximum Rock and Roll]])

*[http://www.plyrics.com/ A Search Engine For Punk Lyrics]

==Bibliography==

*O'Hara, Craig, ''The Philosophy of Punk'', AK Press, 1999 ISBN 1873176163

== References ==

{{punk}}

{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==

*O'Hara, Craig, ''The Philosophy of Punk'', AK Press, 1999 {{ISBN|1-873176-16-3}}

*Garofalo, Rebee, ''Rockin' The Boat: Music and Mass Movements'', [[South End Press]], 1991 {{ISBN|0-89608-427-2}}

*Sinker, Daniel, ''We Owe You Nothing, Punk Planet: The Collected Interviews'', Akashic Books, 2001 {{ISBN|1-888451-14-9}}

*Taylor, Steven, ''False Prophet: Fieldnotes from the Punk Underground'', Wesleyan University Press, 2003 {{ISBN|0-8195-6667-5}}

[[Category:Punk]]

[[Category:AnarchismIdeologies]]

[[Category:Anarcho-punkMusic and politics]]

[[Category:Australian youth culture]]

[[Category:Youth culture in the United States]]

[[Category:Youth culture in the United Kingdom]]

[[Category:Youth culture]]

[[Category:Politics]]