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{{Short description|Village in Surrey, England}}
{{about|the village in Surrey|those in Staffordshire|Walton-on-the-Hill, Staffordshire|the village near Stone|Walton, Staffordshire|the place in Merseyside originally called Walton-on-the-Hill|Walton, Liverpool}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox UK place
|country = England
|coordinates = {{coord|51.28000|-0.24700|display=inline,title}}
|official_name= Walton-on-the-Hill
|map_type= Surrey
| population = 1,889
| population_ref =<ref>[http://www.surreycc.gov.uk/sccwebsite/sccwspublications.nsf/591f7dda55aad72a80256c670041a50d/1c602ea59c869c9180256e600054b26c/$FILE/Town%20populations.pdf Surrey Council census data] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025014840/http://www.surreycc.gov.uk/sccwebsite/sccwspublications.nsf/591f7dda55aad72a80256c670041a50d/1c602ea59c869c9180256e600054b26c/$FILE/Town%20populations.pdf |date=25 October 2007 }}</ref>
|shire_district= [[Reigate and Banstead]]
| shire_county = [[Surrey]]
|region= South East England
|constituency_westminster= [[Reigate (UK Parliament constituency)|Reigate]]
|post_town= [[Tadworth]]
|postcode_district= KT20
|postcode_area=KT
|dial_code= 01737
|os_grid_reference= TQ205605
|static_image_name=Walton_Manor,_Chequers_Lane,_Walton-on-the-Hill.jpg
|static_image_caption=The manor house
}}
'''Walton-on-the-Hill''' is a village in the [[Reigate and Banstead]] district, in the county of [[Surrey]], England. It is midway between the market towns of [[Reigate]] and [[Epsom]]. The village is a [[dispersed settlement|dispersed cluster]] on the [[North Downs]] centred less than one mile inside of the [[M25 motorway]]. The village hosts the [[Walton Heath Golf Club]], whose former members include [[King Edward VIII]], [[Winston Churchill]] and [[David Lloyd George]].
==Geography==
The [[M25 motorway]], less than a mile from the centre, roughly marks the northern boundary of the [[Surrey Hills AONB]] (Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty); it contains the village among others and orbits London. The village except for one street is surrounded by [[Metropolitan Green Belt|Green Belt]] including farmland and protected heathland managed by the Banstead Common [[Conservators]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bansteadcommonsconservators.org.uk/Banstead%20Commons%20Conservators%20Links.htm |title=Banstead Commons Conservators Links |access-date=19 September 2014 |archive-date=28 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528153718/http://bansteadcommonsconservators.org.uk/Banstead%20Commons%20Conservators%20Links.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Along its [[buffer zone|green buffer]]s it borders to the north-east its [[post town]], [[Tadworth]] and [[Kingswood, Surrey|Kingswood]], [[Headley, Surrey|Headley]] and [[Box Hill, Surrey|Box Hill]]. [[Tadworth railway station]] is the nearest station about {{convert|1|mi}} from its centre which provides a commuter line into [[London Bridge Station]]. Its normal broad definition, the former [[civil parish]], which resembles its [[ecclesiastical parish]] of ancient foundation,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.achurchnearyou.com/church/8237/ |title=St Peter the Apostle |access-date=6 March 2018 |archive-date=6 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306202907/https://www.achurchnearyou.com/church/8237/ |url-status=live }}</ref> is in the Tadworth and Walton [[Wards of the United Kingdom|Ward]] of [[Reigate and Banstead]] Council. Across the motorway – within its long-established bounds – is the Headquarters of Pfizer UK at the business park known as The Hermitage.
Walton-on-the-Hill has a large pond, a [[village green|green]], a primary school,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.walton-on-the-hill.surrey.sch.uk/ |title=Home | Walton on the Hill Primary School |access-date=19 September 2014 |archive-date=4 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704041215/http://www.walton-on-the-hill.surrey.sch.uk/ |url-status=live }}</ref> an independent [[preparatory school (United Kingdom)|preparatory school]] for girls,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bramleyschool.co.uk/ |title=Independent private girls school Surrey | Bramley School & Nursery |access-date=19 September 2014 |archive-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715021958/http://www.bramleyschool.co.uk/ |url-status=live }}</ref> convenience/repair [[retailing|shops]] and [[public house]]s.
The village is home to [[Walton Heath Golf Club]], whose former members include [[King Edward VIII]], [[Winston Churchill]] and [[David Lloyd George]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.waltonheath.com/Heritage/Heritage.aspx |title=Sorry, we couldn't find this page :: Walton Heath Golf Club |access-date=19 September 2014 |archive-date=7 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007143257/http://www.waltonheath.com/Heritage/Heritage.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
==History==
The [[Roman Empire|Romans]] are known to have settled here in the 1st century AD: a substantial villa<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.roman-britain.org/places/walton-on-hill.htm |title=Roman Britain |access-date=2 April 2007 |archive-date=11 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211055657/http://www.roman-britain.org/places/walton-on-hill.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> has been excavated in Sandlands Road, and is believed to have been inhabited until around 400 AD. Roman finds have been discovered here and in the neighbouring village of [[Headley, Surrey|Headley]].
Walton-on-the-Hill lay within the [[Copthorne (hundred)|Copthorne]] [[hundred (division)|hundred]], an administrative division devised by the [[Saxons]].
Walton-on-the-Hill was called ''Waltone'' in [[Domesday Book]] of 1086. It was held by John from [[Richard Fitz Gilbert]]. Its Domesday assets were: 2 [[hide (unit)|hide]]s and 1 [[virgate]]. It had 5½ [[plough]]s, 1 house in [[Southwark]]. It rendered £6.<ref>[http://www.gwp.enta.net/surrnames.htm Surrey Domesday Book] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927000311/http://www.gwp.enta.net/surrnames.htm |date=27 September 2007 }}</ref> There is an early post-conquest [[motte]] within the grounds of Walton Place, the remains of a timber castle.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Davis
| first = Philip
| title = Walton on the Hill; Leatherhead
| work = The Gatehouse
| date = 13 November 2007
| url = http://www.gatehouse-gazetteer.info/English%20sites/3466.html
| access-date = 6 December 2007
| archive-date = 4 March 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053959/http://www.gatehouse-gazetteer.info/English%20sites/3466.html
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
The name Walton comes from settlement/farmstead of Wealas – [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] ([[Old English]]) for "Celtic-speaking tribes" or by derivation, "strangers/foreigners", see later form [[Welsh people]] and related old-fashioned phrases.<ref>{{cite book|last=Field|first=John|title=Discovering place-names|year=2005|publisher=Shire Publ.|___location=Princes Risborough|isbn=9780747806172|page=35|edition=4th ed. / rev. by Margaret Gelling.}}</ref>
A legal record of 1418 mentioning '''Wauton Athill'' may refer to the village.<ref>Plea Rolls of the Court of Common Pleas; National Archives; CP 40/629; http://aalt.law.uh.edu/H5/CP40no629/aCP40no629fronts/IMG_0703.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052716/http://aalt.law.uh.edu/H5/CP40no629/aCP40no629fronts/IMG_0703.htm |date=4 March 2016 }}; third entry, with London in the margin, but places in Surrey mentioned</ref>
In 1951 the [[civil parish]] had a population of 2158.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10147566/cube/TOT_POP|title=Population statistics Walton on the Hill CP/AP through time|publisher=[[A Vision of Britain through Time]]|accessdate=27 April 2024}}</ref> On 1 April 1974 the parish was abolished.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ukbmd.org.uk/reg/districts/surrey%20mid%20eastern.html|title=Surrey Mid-Eastern Registration District|publisher=UKBMD|accessdate=27 April 2024}}</ref>
==Landmarks==
[[File:St Peter's Church, Breech Lane, Walton-on-the-Hill (NHLE Code 1377991).JPG|thumb|St Peter's (C of E) Church in the Ecclesiastical Parish of Walton on the Hill]]
===Mound===
This is a [[scheduled ancient monument]] built at a date in period from the 11th to 13th centuries, covering a small area in Walton Place by the public road, standing 2.4 metres above the land to all sides. The manor of Walton was held by [[Richard de Tonbridge]] soon after the [[Norman Conquest]] and later by [[Gilbert Fitz Richard|Gilbert de Clare (or Fitz Richard)]], both of whom are known to be prolific castle builders, but it was also owned by the Carew family in the early 17th century at which time the manor house was extensively rebuilt, who English Heritage believe therefore slightly altered it as a garden feature.<ref>Mound at Walton Place {{NHLE|num=1009519|access-date=7 October 2013}}</ref>
===St Peter's Church===
The church of [[St Peter]] partially dates to the 12th century; one of its oldest features is an 800-year-old font, constructed in lead, although this is thought to have originally stood in a chapel alongside the village's [[manor house]], which is equally Grade II* listed. The interior of the church features examples of 16th-century artwork and stained glass. Another old church font was set up as a mounting stone outside the nearby public house.<ref name="Westwood">Westwood, Jennifer (1985), ''Albion. A Guide to Legendary Britain''. London: Grafton Books. {{ISBN|0-246-11789-3}}. p. 241.</ref><ref>Church of St Peter, Grade II* listing {{NHLE|num=1377991|access-date=7 October 2013}}</ref>
===Manor house===
The house has features from the 14th century onwards, though was remodelled in the 16th century and the late 19th century and has been much reduced.<ref>Manor House – Grade II* listing – {{NHLE|num=1029054|access-date=7 October 2013}}</ref> Some of the tilework is in the technique of [[Norman Shaw]].
Local [[oral history]] has it that the manor house was visited by [[Henry VIII]], and his wife [[Anne of Cleves]] is also thought to have stayed here.<ref name="Westwood"/>
===Walton Oaks===
Pharmaceutical company [[Pfizer]]'s offices were built on the site of the Hermitage country house at Walton Oaks. A separate entrance leads to the remaining Hermitage Lodge and farm cottages. Local planning guidance issued in 2001 notes that at Walton Oaks the 1920 formal gardens, pond and temple by the architect [[Morley Horder]] and the adjoining rhododendron walks are of interest. The Victorian sunken garden and Georgian parkland trees of the Hermitage within the Walton Oaks site are also of interest.<ref>{{cite book |title=LOCAL PLAN 1994 LIST OF HISTORIC PARKS AND GARDENS SUPPLEMENTARY PLANNING GUIDANCE Adopted November 2001 |date=2001 |publisher=REIGATE & BANSTEAD BOROUGH COUNCIL}}</ref>
==Buildings==
There is a wide variety of housing, in size, type and age. The earliest buildings include Walton Manor with its 14th-century foundations and a number of 16th- and 17th-century properties in Walton Street and Deans Lane.<ref name="reigate-banstead.gov.uk">{{cite web |title= Walton on the Hill conservation area character appraisal – draft |date= April 2012 |publisher= Reigate and Banstead Borough Council |url= https://www.reigate-banstead.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/2299/walton_on_the_hill_conservation_area_character_appraisal_-_draft.pdf |access-date= 16 March 2023 }}</ref>
Closer to the centre are smaller [[Victorian house|Victorian]] houses, while further out and especially to the south of the village are larger detached houses on [[private road]]s. Many of these were built in the early to mid-20th century and include designs by architect [[Sir Edwin Lutyens]] and his followers.<ref name="reigate-banstead.gov.uk"/> Prime Minister [[David Lloyd George]] owned one such property, [[Pinfold Manor]] on Nursery Road. On 19 February 1913, Pinfold Manor was bombed by the [[Women's Social and Political Union]], a militant [[suffragette]] group led by [[Emmeline Pankhurst]]. The house was repaired and still stands today.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://history.blog.gov.uk/2013/07/04/mrs-pankhurst-lloyd-george-suffragette-militancy/ |title=We wanted to wake him up: Lloyd George and suffragette militancy – History of government |access-date=19 September 2014 |archive-date=28 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628194814/https://history.blog.gov.uk/2013/07/04/mrs-pankhurst-lloyd-george-suffragette-militancy/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="telegraph.co.uk">{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/periodproperty/7590914/Property-in-Surrey-The-house-the-suffragettes-bombed.html |title=Property in Surrey: The house the suffragettes bombed – Telegraph |access-date=4 April 2018 |archive-date=1 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201131601/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/periodproperty/7590914/Property-in-Surrey-The-house-the-suffragettes-bombed.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:LloydGeorgeWalton.jpg|thumb|[[Pinfold Manor]], built for David LLoyd George in 1912.]]
In the centre of the village are more recent developments of [[apartment|flats]], including [[sheltered housing|retirement flats]]. Bramley School, an independent day school for girls aged three to eleven was located in the village.<ref name=bramley>[http://www.bramleyschool.co.uk The Bramley School website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715021958/http://www.bramleyschool.co.uk/ |date=15 July 2014 }}. Retrieved on 11 June 2014.</ref> but closed in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.greenacre.surrey.sch.uk/banstead-preparatory-school/ |title=Banstead Preparatory School – Greenacre School |access-date=5 January 2017 |archive-date=2 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502142641/http://www.greenacre.surrey.sch.uk/banstead-preparatory-school/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
St Cross was a large building to the north of the village which was formerly a boys' school. From 1948 it was a [[British Transport Police]] Training Centre with a [[police dog]] training school. The building has since been demolished and replaced with a small housing development.
==Notable residents==
Prime Minister [[David Lloyd George]]<ref name="telegraph.co.uk"/>
[[Sir Anthony Hope Hawkins]], author
[[James Braid (golfer)|James Braid]], champion golfer<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fpaterson.com/james-braid---walton-heath-and-amusing-anecdotes.html |title=百信彩票_百信彩票【官网推荐】 |access-date=22 September 2014 |archive-date=5 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205141344/http://www.fpaterson.com/james-braid---walton-heath-and-amusing-anecdotes.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[Mary Millington]], pornographic actress
[[The Baroness Carr of Walton-on-the-Hill]], [[Lady Chief Justice of England and Wales]].
==See also==
*[[List of places of worship in Reigate and Banstead]]
*[[Walton-on-Thames]], which is located about {{convert|15|mi|km}} to the north-west, in the [[Borough of Elmbridge]] in the same county, hence a suffix is typically seen in most publications after both places.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reigate and Banstead}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Villages in Surrey]]
[[Category:Former civil parishes in Surrey]]
[[Category:Reigate and Banstead]]
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