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{{Short description|French two-person submarine built in 1959}}
{{More citations|date=June 2025}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin |display title=SP-350 ''Denise''}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=Soucoupe Plongeante.jpg
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{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship country=France
|Ship flag=[[Image:Civil and Naval Ensign of France.svg|45px|]]
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|Ship owner=Cousteau Society
|Ship operator=
|Ship registry=France
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|Ship launched=1959
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|Ship maiden voyage=1959
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|Ship homeport=Marseille, France
|Ship identification=SP-350
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=Denise
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|Ship status= Decommissioned
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{{Infobox ship characteristics
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|Ship type= Submarine
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship displacement=3.8 tonnes
|Ship length={{convert|2.75|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|2.75|m|abbr=on}}
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|Ship draught={{convert|1.5|m|abbr=on}}
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|Ship propulsion=Electric water jet
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|Ship speed=1 knot
|Ship range=
|Ship endurance=96 hours (one person)
|Ship test depth={{convert|1000|m|abbr=on}}
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|Ship complement=2
|Ship crew=2
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The '''SP-350 ''Denise''''', famous as the "Diving saucer" (''Soucoupe plongeante''), is a small [[submarine]] designed to hold two people, and is capable of exploring depths of up to {{convert|400|m}}. It was invented by [[Jacques-Yves Cousteau]] and engineer Jean Mollard at the French Centre for Undersea Research.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UlTg-bVhtGsC&q=SP-350+Denise&pg=PA22|title=Jacques Cousteau: Conserving Underwater Worlds|last=Zronik|first=John Paul|date=2007|publisher=Crabtree Publishing Company|isbn=9780778724193|language=en}}</ref> It was built in the year 1959 and usually operated from Cousteau's ship, the ''[[RV Calypso|Calypso]]''.
==Specifications==
''Denise''{{'}}s propulsion consists of steerable, electrically powered [[pump-jet|water jets]], allowing it to navigate in all directions, as well as turn about its vertical axis. To correct the attitude of the hull, the pilot can shift a liquid [[Mercury (element)|mercury]] [[ballast]] mass. The crew members enter the craft through a hatch on the top of the hull and lie prone side-by-side on mattresses to operate it, watching their surroundings through tilted portholes that let them come within a few centimeters of their subject. Electric lamps are fitted for night diving and to provide illumination for photography at extreme working depths. An electrically operated manipulator arm can be fitted at the front of the craft so that the craft can pick up objects for the crew to examine through the portholes.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q6_DCwAAQBAJ&q=SP-350+Denise&pg=PT502|title=Biological Sampling in the Deep Sea|last1=Clark|first1=Malcolm R.|last2=Consalvey|first2=Mireille|last3=Rowden|first3=Ashley A.|date=2016-03-16|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118332481|language=en}}</ref>
The steel pressure hull, nearly circular in plan form, is {{convert|2|m}} in diameter and {{convert|1.43|m}} high, able to resist a pressure of more than {{convert|90|kg/cm2|abbr=on}}, equivalent to a depth of nearly {{convert|900|m}}, although dives never exceed {{convert|300|m}} for safety.
''Denise'' is naturally positively buoyant, and is weighted to negative buoyancy with ballast weights that can be jettisoned in an emergency. If the craft is within {{convert|100|m}} of the surface, the crew can abandon it via the top hatch, provided they are equipped with emergency breathing apparatus.
Launching and recovery is accomplished with the assistance of a shipboard [[Crane (machine)|crane]].
==Use==
The vehicle was featured in Cousteau's film ''Le Monde sans soleil'' ("[[World Without Sun]]")
''Denise'' was used by Jacques Cousteau in 1976 to explore the wreck of [[HMHS Britannic|HMHS ''Britannic'']].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hospitalshipbritannic.com/equipment.htm|title = 域名停靠}}</ref>
==SP-500 ''Sea Fleas''==
Two smaller one person diving saucers were built by Cousteau. They were called SP-500 ''Sea Fleas'' and often worked in pairs. They were launched in 1967 and could dive to {{convert|500|m}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cousteau.org/legacy/technology/sea-fleas/ |title =Cousteau's Sea Fleas |publisher=Cousteau Society}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Deep Star 4000]], another submersible designed by Cousteau
==Citations==
{{Reflist}}
==References==
* {{cite book
|title=Manned Submersibles
|first=R. Frank
|last=Busby
|publisher=General Books
|year=2010
|pages=206–207
|url=http://busby.psubs.org/html/page-206.html
|isbn=978-1-154-77689-8
}}
{{Jacques Cousteau}}
{{Underwater diving|hisdiv}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Denise}}
[[Category:Research submarines of France]]
[[Category:1959 ships]]
[[Category:Jacques Cousteau]]
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