Content deleted Content added
Minesweeper (talk | contribs) m Reverted to last edit by MyRedDice |
Unnecessary, unless this motto use regional language Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
Line 1:
{{Short description|Province in Western New Guinea, Indonesia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{For|information about the larger pre-2022 province|Western New Guinea}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Papua
| image_shield = Coat of arms of Papua 2.svg
| official_name = Province of Papua<br>{{nobold|''Provinsi Papua''}}
| shield_size = 75px
| image_map = Province of Papua in Indonesia.svg
| map_caption = {{centre|{{Legend inline|#C41E3A|outline=red}} '''Papua''' in {{Legend inline|#FFFDD0|outline=silver}} '''[[Indonesia]]'''}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|2|32|S|140|43|E|region:ID_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint = Jayapura
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Indonesia}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Indonesia|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Western New Guinea]]
| established_title = [[Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference|Establishment]]
| established_date = 27 December 1949<ref>{{cite web|url=https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Download/49558/PERDA%20NOMOR%206%20THN%202016.pdf|title=PERDA Provinsi Papua No 6 Tahun 2016|website=peraturan.bpk.go.id|access-date=22 April 2021}}</ref>
| established_title1 = [[New York Agreement|Indonesian administration]]
| established_date1 = 1 May 1963<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bphn.go.id/data/documents/63pnp001.pdf|title=Penetapan Presiden RI No 1 Tahun 1963|website=bphn.go.id|access-date=2 August 2022|archive-date=6 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706172712/https://www.bphn.go.id/data/documents/63pnp001.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| established_title2 = [[Western New Guinea#Administration|Latest partition]]
| established_date2 = 30 June 2022<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dpr.go.id/berita/detail/id/39597/t/DPR+Sahkan+3+UU+Provinsi+Baru%2C+Puan%3A+Jaminan+Hak+Rakyat+Papua+dalam+Pemerataan+Pembangunan | title=DPR Sahkan 3 UU Provinsi Baru, Puan: Jaminan Hak Rakyat Papua dalam Pemerataan Pembangunan | access-date=4 July 2022 | archive-date=4 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704074945/https://www.dpr.go.id/berita/detail/id/39597/t/DPR+Sahkan+3+UU+Provinsi+Baru%2C+Puan%3A+Jaminan+Hak+Rakyat+Papua+dalam+Pemerataan+Pembangunan | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| founder =
| named_for =
| motto = {{native phrase|sa-Latn|Karya Swadaya}} <br>"Work with one's own might"
| seat_type = Capital<br>{{nobold|and largest city}}
| seat = [[Jayapura]]
| parts_type = Divisions
| parts_style = para
| p1 = [[List of regencies and cities of Indonesia|8 regencies and 1 city]]
| p2 =
| p3 =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_title = [[List of governors of Papua|Governor]]
| leader_name = [[:id:Agus Fatoni|Agus Fatoni]] ([[Independent politician|Indp.]]) ([[2024 Papua gubernatorial election|acting]])<!-- [[Benhur Tomi Mano]] -->
| governing_body = Papua Provincial Government<br>[[:id:Majelis Rakyat Papua|Papua People's Assembly]] (MRP)<br> (customs)
| leader_title2 = [[Vice Governor]]
| leader_name2 = ''Vacant''<!-- [[Yermias Bisai]] -->
| leader_title3 = [[Regional House of Representatives#Names|Legislature]]
| leader_name3 = [[:id:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Papua|Papua House of Representatives]] (DPRP)
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Faisal 2022">{{cite web | last=Faisal | first=M. | title=5 Provinsi di Pulau Papua | website=Kompas.com | date=2022-08-08 | url=https://www.kompas.com/ | language=id | access-date=2022-09-11}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 82680.95
| area_rank = [[Provinces of Indonesia|7th in Indonesia]]
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1060550
| population_as_of = mid 2024 estimation
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Provinsi Papua Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.91)</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_note =
| timezone1 = [[Time in Indonesia|Indonesia Eastern Time]]
| utc_offset1 = +09:00
| iso_code = ID-PA
| blank_name = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2024)
| blank_info = {{increase}} 0.738<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/id/pressrelease/2024/11/15/2296/indeks-pembangunan-manusia--ipm--indonesia-tahun-2024-mencapai-75-02--meningkat-0-63-poin-atau-0-85-persen-dibandingkan-tahun-sebelumnya-yang-sebesar-74-39-.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 2024|publisher=[[Statistics Indonesia]]|date=2024|language=id|access-date=15 November 2024}}</ref> ([[List of Indonesian provinces by Human Development Index|22nd]]) – <span style=color:#090>high</span>
| website = {{URL|papua.go.id/}}
| footnotes =
| type = [[Provinces of Indonesia|Province with special status]]
| elevation_max_m =
| registration_plate = PA
| elevation_max_rank =
| elevation_max_point =
| nickname = {{lang|id|Bumi Cenderawasih}}<br />"Land of Paradisaea"
| image_map1 = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=250|zoom=5}}{{hidden end}}
}}
'''Papua''' is a [[provinces of Indonesia|province]] of [[Indonesia]], comprising the northern coast of [[Western New Guinea]] together with island groups in [[Cenderawasih Bay]] to the west. It roughly follows the borders of the Papuan customary region of '''Tabi Saireri'''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://mediaindonesia.com/politik-dan-hukum/340526/wilayah-adat-tabi-saireri-sepakati-11-poin-evaluasi-otsus | title=Wilayah Adat Tabi Saireri Sepakati 11 Poin Evaluasi Otsus | date=29 August 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kepyapenkab.go.id/12027-pertemuan-forum-kepala-daerah-tabi-saireri-ini-sejumlah-agenda-yang-dibahas|title=Pertemuan Forum Kepala Daerah Tabi Saireri, ini sejumlah Agenda yang dibahas|date=30 July 2020 |publisher=[[Yapen Islands Regency]] Official Website|access-date=5 July 2022}}{{dead link|date=February 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and is divided into eight [[regency (Indonesia)|regencies]] ({{lang|id|kabupaten}}) and one city (''kota''), the latter being the provincial capital of [[Jayapura]].
It is bordered by the nation of [[Papua New Guinea]] to the east, the [[Pacific Ocean]] to the north, [[Cenderawasih Bay]] to the west, and the provinces of [[Central Papua]] and [[Highland Papua]] to the south. The province also shares [[Maritime boundary|maritime boundaries]] with [[Palau]] in the Pacific. Papua, along with the five other [[Western New Guinea#Administration|Papuan provinces]],{{citation needed|date=November 2022}} has a higher degree of autonomy compared to other [[Provinces of Indonesia|Indonesian provinces]].<ref name="UU no 2 tahun 2021">{{cite web|url=https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/172403/uu-no-2-tahun-2021|title=Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2001 tentang Otonomi Khusus bagi Provinsi Papua|website=peraturan.bpk.go.id|accessdate=5 January 2023}}</ref>
Before 2003, the province (known as '''Irian Barat''' from 1962 to 1973 and '''Irian Jaya''' from 1973 to 2002) covered the entirety of [[Western New Guinea]], a region also known as "Papua". In 2002, Papua adopted its current name and was granted a special [[Autonomous administrative division|autonomous]] status under [[Law of Indonesia|Indonesian legislation]]. In 2001, the western end of the province was split off into a new province of [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]], and in July 2022 the provinces of [[Central Papua]], [[Highland Papua]], and [[South Papua]] were also split off, leaving the current province covering a much smaller northern area around Jayapura, the northern part of the former province, and the islands in the [[Cenderawasih Bay]].
The official estimate of the population in mid-2024 of the province under its current borders was 1,060,550 (comprising 554,800 males and 505,800 females).<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Provinsi Papua Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.91)</ref>
== Politics ==
=== Government ===
[[File:Logo Majelis Rakyat Papua.jpg|thumb|The Papuan People's Assembly is created formally in 2001 to administer the Papuan Special Autonomy]]
The province of Papua is governed by a directly elected governor and a regional legislature,the [[People's Representative Council]] of Papua (''Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Papua'', abbreviated as DPRP or DPR Papua).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blades |first1=Johnny |title=Governor of Indonesia's Papua seeks connection with PNG |url=https://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/366810/governor-of-indonesia-s-papua-seeks-connection-with-png |website=Radio New Zealand |access-date=24 January 2019 |language=en-nz |date=19 September 2018}}</ref> A unique government organization in the province is the Papuan People's Assembly (''Majelis Rakyat Papua''), which was formed by the [[Government of Indonesia|Indonesian government]] in 2005, as mandated by the Papua Special Autonomy Law, as a coalition of Papuan tribal chiefs, Papuan religious leaders, and Papuan women representatives, tasked with arbitration and speaking on behalf of Papuan tribal customs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PP 54–2004::Majelis Rakyat Papua (MRP) |url=https://ngada.org/pp54-2004bt.htm |access-date=26 February 2021 |website=ngada.org |archive-date=13 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813140543/https://ngada.org/pp54-2004bt.htm }}</ref>
Since 2014, the DPRP had 55 members who are elected through General elections every five years and 14 people who are appointed through special autonomy, bringing the total number of DPRP members to 69 people. The DPRP leadership consists of 1 Chairperson and 3 Deputy Chairmen who come from political parties that have the most seats and votes. The current DPRP members are the results of the [[2019 Indonesian general election|2019 General Election]] which was sworn in on 31 October 2019 by the Chairperson of the Jayapura High Court at the Papua DPR Building.<ref>{{Cite web |last=T |title=55 Anggota DPR Papua Resmi Dilantik |url=https://www.dharapospapua.com/2014/10/55-anggota-dpr-papua-resmi-dilantik.html |access-date=26 February 2021 |website=Dharapos Papua |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418215224/https://www.dharapospapua.com/2014/10/55-anggota-dpr-papua-resmi-dilantik.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The composition of DPRP members for the 2019–2024 period consists of 13 political parties where the [[Nasdem Party]] is the political party with the most seats, with 8 seats, followed by the [[Democratic Party (Indonesia)|Democratic Party]] which also won 8 seats and the [[Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle]] which won 7 seats.
The province of Papua is one of seven provinces to have obtained special autonomy status, the others being [[Aceh]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]], [[Southwest Papua]], [[Central Papua]], [[Highland Papua]] and [[South Papua]] (the Special Regions of [[Jakarta]] and [[Yogyakarta Special Region|Yogyakarta]] have similar province-level special status). According to Law 21/2001 on Special Autonomy Status ''(UU Nomor 21 Tahun 2001 tentang Otonomi khusus Papua),'' the provincial government of Papua is provided with authority within all sectors of administration, except for the five strategic areas of foreign affairs, security and defense, monetary and fiscal affairs, religion and justice. The provincial government is authorized to issue local regulations to further stipulate the implementation of the special autonomy, including regulating the authority of districts and municipalities within the province. Due to its special autonomy status, Papua province is provided with a significant amount of special autonomy funds, which can be used to benefit its [[Indigenous people of New Guinea|indigenous peoples]]. However, the province has low fiscal capacity and it is highly dependent on unconditional transfers and the above-mentioned special autonomy fund, which accounted for about 55% of total revenues in 2008.
After obtaining its special autonomy status, to allow the local population access to timber production benefits, the Papuan provincial government issued several decrees, enabling:
* a Timber Logging Permit for Customary Communities, which enabled local people to carry out timber extraction in small concessions (250 to 1,000 hectares) for one year through a community-based or participatory community cooperative;
* a Permit to Manage Customary Forests, which was a timber extraction permit for larger concessions (up to 2,000 hectares) for a maximum of 20 years;
* logging companies had to pay compensations to local communities in addition to all other fees and taxes collected by the national government.
=== Administrative divisions ===
{{Main|Administrative divisions of Indonesia}}
As of 2022 (following the separation of Central Papua, Highland Papua, and South Papua province), the residual Papua Province consisted of 8 [[Regencies of Indonesia|regencies]] ({{lang|id|kabupaten}}) and one city (''kota''); on the map below, these regencies comprise the northern belt from Waropen Regency to Keerom Regency, plus the island groups to their northwest. Initially, the area now forming the present Papua Province contained three regencies – '''Jayapura''', '''Yapen Waropen''' and '''Biak Numfor'''. The '''City of Jayapura''' was separated on 2 August 1993 from Jayapura Regency and formed into a province-level administration. On 11 December 2002, three new regencies were created – '''Keerom''' and '''Sarmi''' from parts of Jayapura Regency, and '''Waropen''' from part of Yapen Waropen Regency (the rest of this regency was renamed as '''Yapen Islands'''). On 18 December 2003 a further regency – '''Supiori''' – was created from part of Biak Numfor Regency, and on 15 March 2007 a further regency – '''Mamberamo Raya''' – was created from the western part of Sarmi Regency. These regencies and the city are together subdivided into [[Districts of Indonesia|districts]] (''distrik''), and thence into "villages" (''kelurahan'' and ''desa''). With the release of Act Number 21 of 2001 concerning the Special Autonomous Region of Papua Province, the term ''distrik'' was used instead of ''kecamatan'' in the entire [[Western New Guinea]].<ref>{{Cite web |others=Setjen DPR RI |title=J.D.I.H. – Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat |url=http://dpr.go.id/jdih/index/id/352 |website=dpr.go.id |access-date=4 March 2021 |archive-date=18 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718220444/https://www.dpr.go.id/jdih/index/id/352 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The difference between the two is merely the terminology, with ''kepala distrik'' being the district head.
The regencies ({{lang|id|kabupaten}}) and the city (''kota'') are listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2020 census<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021"/> and subsequent official estimates for mid-2024,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Provinsi Papua Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.91)</ref> together with the 2020 [[Human Development Index]] of each administrative division.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Badan Pusat Statistik Papua: Jumlah Penduduk Proyeksi (Jiwa), 2018–2020 |url=https://papua.bps.go.id/indicator/12/277/1/jumlah-penduduk-proyeksi.html|access-date=3 March 2021 |website=papua.bps.go.id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sugiyanto |title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) Provinsi Papua Tahun 2020 |url=https://papua.bps.go.id/pressrelease/download.html?nrbvfeve=NDk1&sdfs=ldjfdifsdjkfahi&twoadfnoarfeauf=MjAyMS0wMi0yNiAyMjowNjoxNQ%3D%3D |website=Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Papua}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable collapsible"
! Regional Code
![[List of regencies and cities of Indonesia|Name of<br>City or<br>Regency]]
!Capital
![[List of districts of Papua|Districts]]
!Area <br />in <br />km<sup>2</sup>
!Population <br />census<br />2020
!Population <br />estimate<br />mid 2024
![[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2020)
|-
! 91.03
|align="left" |{{flagicon image|Lambang Kabupaten Jayapura.jpeg}} [[Jayapura Regency]]
|align="center" |[[District of Sentani|Sentani]]
|Airu, Demta, Depapre, Ebungfau, South Gresi, Kaureh, Kemtuk, Kemtuk Gresi, Namblong, Nimbokrang, Nimboran, Ravenirara, Sentani, West Sentani, East Sentani, Unurum Guay, Waibu, Yapsi, Yokari
| align="right" |14,082.21
| align="right" |166,171
| align="right" |173,280
| align="right" |0.717 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
! 91.05
|align="left" |{{flagicon image|Lambang Kabupaten Kepulauan Yapen, Papua.jpg}} [[Yapen Islands Regency]]
|align="center" |Serui
|Angkaisera, Anotaurei, Ambai Islands, Kosiwo, Poom, Kurudu Islands, Pulau Yerui, Raimbawi, Teluk Ampimoi, Windesi, Wonawa, West Yapen, South Yapen (Serui), East Yapen, North Yapen, Yawakukat
| align="right" |2,429.03
| align="right" |112,676
| align="right" |118,590
| align="right" |0.677
|-
! 91.06
| align="left" |{{flagicon image|Lambang_Kabupaten_Biak_Numfor.png}} [[Biak Numfor Regency]]
| align="center" |[[Biak]]
|Aimando Padaido, Andey, West Biak, Biak City (Biak), East Biak, North Biak, Bondifuar, Bruyadori, West Numfor, East Numfor, Oridek Orkeri, Padaido, Poiru, Samofa, Swandiwe, Warsa, Yawosi, Yendidori
| align="right" |2,257.78
| align="right" |134,650
| align="right" |141,100
| align="right" |0.722 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
! 91.10
|align="left" |{{flagicon image|Lambang Kabupaten Sarmi.png}} [[Sarmi Regency]]
|align="center" |[[Sarmi, Indonesia|Sarmi]]
|Apawer Hulu, Bonggo, East Bonggo, West Coast, East Coast, East Coast West, Sarmi, South Sarmi, East Sarmi, Top Tor
| align="right" |14,068.37
| align="right" |41,515
| align="right" |43,090
| align="right" |0.636
({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
! 91.11
|align="left" |{{flagicon image|Lambang Kabupaten Keerom.jpeg}} [[Keerom Regency]]
|align="center" |Waris
|Arso, West Arso, East Arso, Kaisenar, Mannem, [[Senggi District|Senggi]], Skanto, Towe, Waris, Web, Yaffi
| align="right" |9,526.32
| align="right" |61,623
| align="right" |64,180
| align="right" |0.664
({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
! 91.15
|align="left" |{{flagicon image|Lambang Kabupaten Waropen, Papua.jpg}} [[Waropen Regency]]
|align="center" |Botawa
|Demba, Inggerus, Kirihi, Masirei, Oudate, Risei Sayati, Soyoi Mambai, Urei Faisei, Wapoga, Bottom Waropen, Wonti
| align="right" |10,778.76
| align="right" |33,943
| align="right" |35,810
| align="right" |0.649
({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
! 91.19
|align="left" |{{flagicon image|Lambang Kabupaten Supiori.png}} [[Supiori Regency]]
|align="center" |Sorendiweri
|Aruri Islands, West Supiori, South Supiori, East Supiori, North Supiori
| align="right" |660.61
| align="right" |22,547
| align="right" |24,530
| align="right" |0.623
({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
! 91.20
|align="left" |{{flagicon image|Lambang_Kabupaten_Mamberamo_Raya,_Papua.jpg}} [[Mamberamo Raya Regency]]
|align="center" |Burmeso
|Benuki, Mamberamo Hilir, Mamberamo Hulu, Central Mamberamo (Burmeso), East Central Mamberamo, Rufaer, Sawai, Bottom Waropen
| align="right" |28,042.39
| align="right" |36,483
| align="right" |39,390
| align="right" |0.518 ({{fontcolor|red|Low}})
|-
! 91.71
| colspan="2" align="left" |{{flagicon image|Lambang_Kota_Jayapura.jpeg}} [[Jayapura]] City
|Abepura, Heram, Muara Tami, South Jayapura, North Jayapura
| align="right" |835.48
| align="right" |398,478
| align="right" |420,580
| align="right" |0.799 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
!-
| colspan="2" align="left" |Total Papua<br />Province
|
| align="right" |''82,680.95''
| align="right" |''1,008,086''
| align="right" |''1,060,550''
| align="right" |
({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
|}
The province now forms one of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to the [[Indonesian Parliament|People's Representative Council]]. The '''Papua Electoral District''' consists of all of the 8 regencies in the province, together with the city of Jayapura, and elects 3 members to the People's Representative Council.<ref>Law No. 7/2017 (''UU No. 7 Tahun 2017'') as amended by Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1/2022 and Regulation of General Elections Commission No. 6/2023.</ref>
== Geography ==
The province of Papua is located between 2 ° 25' – 9 ° S and 130 ° – 141 ° East. The total area of Papua is now {{convert|82,680.95|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Until its division in 2022 into four provinces, Papua province was the province that had the largest area in Indonesia, with a total area of 312,816.35 km<sup>2</sup>, or 19.33% of the total area of the [[List of islands of Indonesia|Indonesian archipelago]]. The boundaries of Papua are:the [[Pacific Ocean]] (north), [[Highland Papua]] (south), [[Central Papua]] (Southwest) and [[Papua New Guinea]] (east).
== Demographics ==
{{Historical populations
|footnote= (data prior to 2022 excludes regencies under [[Central Papua]], [[Highland Papua]] and [[South Papua]] that were part of the province until 2022)<br/>Source: [[Statistics Indonesia]] 2025 and earlier.
|1971 |210901
|1980 |282310
|1990 |407643
|2000 |534050
|2010 |718782
|2020 |1008086
|2024 |1060550}}
While the Papuan branch of the [[Statistics Indonesia|Central Agency on Statistics]] had earlier projected the 2020 population of the province (as constituted at that time) to be 3,435,430 people<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jumlah Penduduk Papua Capai 4,30 Juta Jiwa |url=https://penghubung.papua.go.id/2021/01/29/jumlah-penduduk-papua-capai-430-juta-jiwa/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308040111/https://penghubung.papua.go.id/2021/01/29/jumlah-penduduk-papua-capai-430-juta-jiwa/|archive-date=8 March 2022|access-date=3 March 2021 |website=Badan Penghubung Daerah Provinsi Papua |language=en-US}}</ref> the actual census in 2020 revealed a total population of 4,303,707, of which the majority were Christian.<ref>{{cite web |title=Badan Pusat Statistik: Penduduk Indonesia menurut Provinsi 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 dan 2010 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/statictable/2009/02/20/1267/penduduk-indonesia-menurut-provinsi-1971-1980-1990-1995-2000-dan-2010.html|access-date=5 November 2018 |website=www.bps.go.id}}</ref><ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref> The official estimate for mid-2022 was 4,418,581<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2023">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023, ''Provinsi Papua Dalam Angka 2023'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.91)</ref> before the division of the province into four separate provinces. ,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021"/> spread throughout 28 regencies and one administrative city. Following the division of the province into 4 separate provinces, the city of [[Jayapura]] is the most populated administrative division in the province, with a total of 420,580 people in mid-2024, while [[Supiori Regency]], which comprises mainly the island of [[Supiori Island|Supiori]], one of the [[Schouten Islands]] within [[Cenderawasih Bay]] off the north coast of Papua, is the least populated administrative division in the province, with just 24,530 people.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Provinsi Papua Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.91)</ref> Most of the population in the province is concentrated in coastal regions, especially around the city of Jayapura and its suburbs.
===Religion===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Papua (2022)
|label3 = [[Islam]]
|value3 = 29.85
|color3 = DarkGreen
|label1 = [[Protestantism]]
|value1 = 64.23
|color1 = DarkBlue
|label2 = [[Roman Catholicism]]
|value2 = 5.62
|color2 = Purple
|label5 = [[Buddhism]]
|value5 = 0.15
|color5 = Gold
|label4 = [[Hinduism]]
|value4 = 0.14
|color4 = DarkOrange
|label6 = Others
|value6 = 0.01
|color6 = Black
}}
According to Indonesian Citizenship and Civil Registry in 2022, 70.15% of the Papuans identified themselves as Christians, with 64.68% being [[Protestants]] and 5.47% being [[Catholic Church|Catholics]]. 29.56% of the population are [[Muslims]] and less than 1% are [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] or [[Hindus]].<ref name="DUKCAPIL">{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependudukan – Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2022|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|access-date=31 July 2022|format=Visual|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805043517/http://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|url-status=dead}}</ref><!-- Religion data has been separated from three new provinces according to DUKCAPIL-->
== Culture ==
The native [[Indigenous people of New Guinea|Papuan people]] have a distinct culture and traditions that cannot be found in other parts of Indonesia. Coastal Papuans are usually more willing to accept modern influence into their daily lives, which in turn diminishes their original culture and traditions. Meanwhile, most inland Papuans still preserve their original culture and traditions, although their way of life over the past century is tied to the encroachment of modernity and [[globalization]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suyanto |first=Bagong |date=2 November 2011 |title=Jati Diri Papua |url=https://lifestyle.kompas.com/read/2011/11/03/02051319/jati.diri.papua |access-date=4 March 2021 |website=Kompas.com |publisher=Kompas Cyber Media |language=id}}</ref> Each Papuan tribe usually practices its tradition and culture, which may differ greatly from one tribe to another.
The ''Ararem'' tradition is the tradition of delivering the dowry of a future husband to the family of the prospective wife in the [[Biak]] custom. In the [[Biak language]], the word "Ararem" means dowry. In this procession, the bride and groom will be escorted on foot in a procession, accompanied by songs and dances accompanied by music. The amount of the dowry is determined by the woman's family as agreed by her relatives. The date of submission of the dowry must be agreed upon by the family of the woman or the family of the prospective wife and the family of the man or the family of the prospective husband. In the tradition of the Biak people, the payment of the dowry is a tradition that must be obeyed because it involves the consequences of a marriage.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Umami |first=Okta Tri |date=5 May 2018 |title=8 Budaya dan Tradisi Papua yang Paling Unik dan Menarik |url=https://keluyuran.com/tradisi-papua-yang-paling-unik/|access-date=4 March 2021 |website=keluyuran.com |language=id-ID}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Tradisi Ararem – Documents |language=en |newspaper=Documents.tips |url=https://documents.tips/documents/tradisi-ararem.html|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Ararem, Budaya Mengantar Maskawin Suku Biak |newspaper=Papua Untuk Semua |url=http://www.papua.us/2013/04/ararem-budaya-mengantar-mas-kawin-suku.html|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref>
=== Arts and performance ===
[[File:Parade wai ron dan mansusu.jpg|thumb|Local people from Biak during a ceremony]]
There are a lot of traditional dances that are native to the province of Papua. Each Papuan tribe would usually have their unique traditional dances.
The ''Yospan'' dance ([[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]: ''Tarian Yospan'') is a type of social association dance in Papua which is a traditional dance originating from the coastal regions of Papua, namely [[Biak]], [[Yapen Islands Regency|Yapen]] and [[Waropen Regency|Waropen]], which are often played by the younger people as a form of friendship.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Welianto |first=Ari |editor-last=Welianto |editor-first=Ari |publisher=Kompas Cyber Media |date=7 February 2021 |title=Tari Yospan, Tarian Persahabatan Khas Papua Halaman all |url=https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2021/02/07/173000169/tari-yospan-tarian-persahabatan-khas-papua|access-date=4 March 2021 |website=Kompas.com |language=id}}</ref> Initially, the ''Yospan'' dance originated from two dances called ''Yosim'' and ''Pancar'', which were eventually combined into one. Hence, ''Yospan'' is an acronym for ''Yosim'' and ''Pancar''.<ref name=":11" /> When performing the ''Yosim'' dance, which originated from [[Yapen]] and [[Waropen Regency|Waropen]], the dancers invited other residents to be immersed in the songs sung by a group of singers and music instrument holders. The musical instruments used are simple, which consist of [[ukulele]] and guitar, musical instruments that are not native to Papua. There is also a tool that functions as a bass with three ropes. The rope is usually made from rolled fibers, a type of [[pandanus]] leaf, which can be found in the forests of the coastal areas of Papua. A musical instrument called ''Kalabasa'' is also played during the dance, it is made of dried [[Calabash]],and then filled with beads or small stones that are played by simply shaking it.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nurhayati |first=Dewi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MG_-DwAAQBAJ&q=kalabasa+papua+musik&pg=PA28 |title=Mengenal Tarian dan Seni Papua |date=22 September 2020 |publisher=Alprin |isbn=978-623-263-222-6 |language=id}}</ref> The women dancers wear woven sarongs to cover their chests, and decorative heads with flowers and bird feathers.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UvpyAAAAMAAJ |title=Monografi daerah Irian Jaya |date=1980 |publisher=Proyek Media Kebudayaan, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan |language=id}}</ref> Meanwhile, the male dancers would usually wear shorts, open chests, heads also decorated with bird feathers. The ''Pancar'' dance that originated from Biak is only accompanied by a ''[[Tifa (drum)|tifa]]'', which is the traditional musical instrument of the coastal tribes in Papua.<ref name=":11" />
The ''Isosolo'' dance is a type of dance performed by the inhabitants who live around [[Lake Sentani]] in [[Jayapura]]. The ''Isosolo'' dance is performed to symbolize the harmony between different tribes in Papua. The art of boat dancing is a tradition of the [[Indigenous people of New Guinea|Papuan people]], especially among the Sentani people, where the dance is performed from one village to another. According to the [[Sentani language]], ''Isosolo'' or ''Isolo'' dance is a traditional art of the Sentani people who dance on a boat on Lake Sentani. The word ''Isosolo'' consists of two words, ''iso'' and s''olo'' (or ''holo''). ''Iso'' means to rejoice and dance to express feelings of the heart, while ''holo'' means a group or herd from all age groups who dance. Hence, ''isosolo'' means a group of people who dance with joy to express their feelings.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=1 January 2010 |title=Warisan Budaya Takbenda: Isolo |url=https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/?newdetail&detailCatat=853|access-date=4 March 2021 |website=warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id |publisher=Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan}}</ref> The Isosolo dance in Sentani is usually performed by ''ondofolo'' (traditional leaders) and the village community to present a gift to other ''ondofolo''. Items that are offered are items that are considered valuable, such as large wild boar, garden products, delivering ondofolo girls to be married, and several other traditional gifts. However, at this time, apart from being a form of respect for ondoafi, ''isosolo'' is considered more as a performance of the Sentani people's pride which is one of the popular attractions at the Lake Sentani Festival, which is held annually.<ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mozes |first=Roderick Adrian |editor-last=Asdhiana |editor-first=I Made |___location=[[Sentani, Jayapura|Sentani]] |publisher=Kompas Cyber Media |date=21 June 2016 |title=Tari Isolo Melambangkan Kerukunan Antarsuku di Papua |url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2016/06/21/121511327/tari.isolo.melambangkan.kerukunan.antarsuku.di.papua|access-date=4 March 2021 |website=Kompas.com |language=id}}</ref>
[[File:Papuan Dance from Yapen.jpg|left|thumb|Traditional Papuan war dance from the [[Yapen Islands Regency|Yapen Islands]]]]
Each Papuan tribe usually has its [[war dance]]. The Papuan war dance is one of the oldest dances of the Papuan people because this classical dance has been around for thousands of years and is even one of the legacies of Indonesia's prehistoric times. In Papuan culture, this dance is a symbol of how strong and brave the Papuan people are. Allegedly, this dance was once a part of traditional ceremonies when [[Ethnic conflict|fighting other tribes]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Gema Tarian Perang Papua di Festival Lembah Baliem |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20180802110832-269-318889/gema-tarian-perang-papua-di-festival-lembah-baliem |access-date=4 March 2021 |website=gaya hidup |publisher=[[CNN Indonesia]] |language=id-ID |___location=[[Jakarta]]}}</ref>
[[File:Tarian Kepala Panjang Suku Draa.jpg|right|thumb|''Kepala Panjang'' dance, a sacred healing ritual to absorb negative energy of the Draa people from Yaffi District in [[Keerom Regency|Keerom]].]]
Another traditional dance that is common to most if not all Papuan tribes is called ''musyoh''. The emergence of the ''musyoh'' dance is based on a certain history. In ancient times, when a Papuan tribe member died due to an accident or something unexpected, the Papuan people believed that the evil spirit (''[[Suanggi]]'') of the person who died was still roaming and unsettled. To overcome this, the Papuan tribesmen created a ritual in the form of the ''musyoh'' dance. Thus, this traditional dance is often referred to as a spirit exorcism dance. Generally, the ''musyoh'' dance is performed by men. However, besides the purpose of exorcising spirits, the ''musyoh'' dance is also used by the Papuan people for another purpose, such as welcoming guests. The ''musyoh'' dance is a symbol of respect, gratitude, and an expression of happiness in welcoming guests. If it is to expel the spirit, this ''musyoh'' dance is performed by men. In the case of welcoming guests, this dance is performed by men and women. The dancers wear simple costumes, consisting of head coverings, tops, and bottoms, made from processed tree bark and plant roots. These are then adorned with bracelets,necklaces and body paint on the dancers' bodies.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 August 2018 |title=Tari Musyoh – Tarian Pengusir Arwah oleh Masyarakat Papua |url=https://blogkulo.com/tari-musyoh-papua/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122004321/https://blogkulo.com/tari-musyoh-papua/ |archive-date=22 January 2021 |access-date=4 March 2021 |website=Blog Kulo |language=id-ID}}</ref>
=== Architecture ===
[[File:Raiyani Muharramah Rumah Karwari Papua DSC 8244.jpg|thumb|Kariwari house common in regions around [[Yos Sudarso Bay]]]]
The ''kariwari'' is one of the traditional Papuan houses, more precisely the traditional house of the Tobati-Enggros people who live around Yotefa Bay and [[Lake Sentani]] near [[Jayapura]].<ref name=":14">{{Cite journal |last=Fauziah |first=Nur |date=2014 |title=Karakteristik Arsitektur Tradisional Papua |url=https://publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id/bitstream/handle/11617/5026/SNTT%20A-003%20Nur%20Fauziah%20UM%20Surabaya.pdf?sequence=1 |journal=Simposium Nasional Teknologi Terapan |volume=2 |pages=19–29 |issn=2339-028X |archive-date=18 May 2022 |access-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518165252/https://publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id/bitstream/handle/11617/5026/SNTT%20A-003%20Nur%20Fauziah%20UM%20Surabaya.pdf?sequence=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Unlike other forms of Papuan traditional houses, such as the round ''[[honai]],'' the ''kariwari'' is usually constructed in the shape of an octagonal pyramid. ''Kariwari'' is usually made of, bamboo, ironwood and forest sago leaves. The Kariwari house consists of two floors and three rooms or three rooms, each with different functions. The ''kariwari'' is not like a ''honai'' that can be lived in by anyone, it cannot even be the residence of a tribal chief – unlike the ''honai'' which has political and legal functions. The ''kariwari'' is specifically a place of education and worship, therefore the position of the ''Kariwari'' in the community of the Tobati-Enggros people is considered a sacred and holy place.<ref name=":14" /> Like traditional houses in general, the ''kariwari'' also has a design that is full of decorative details that make it unique, of course, the decorations are related to Papuan culture especially from the Tobati-Enggros. The decorations found in the ''kariwari'' are usually in the form of works of art, among others; paintings, carvings and also sculptures. Apart from being decorated with works of art, the ''kariwari'' is also decorated with various weapons, such as; a bow and arrow. There are also some skeletons of prey animals, usually in the form of wild boar fangs, [[kangaroo]] skeletons, turtle or turtle shells, [[Bird-of-paradise|birds-of-paradise]], and so on.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rumah Kariwari » Budaya Indonesia |url=https://budaya-indonesia.org/Rumah-Kariwari|access-date=4 March 2021 |website=budaya-indonesia.org}}</ref>
''Rumsram'' is the traditional house of the [[Biak Numfor Regency|Biak Numfor]] people on the northern coast of Papua. This house was originally intended for men, while women were prohibited from entering or approaching it. Its function is similar to the ''kariwari'', namely as a place for activities in teaching and educating men who are starting to be teenagers, in seeking life experiences. The building is square with a roof in the shape of an upside-down boat because of the background of the Biak Numfor tribe who work as sailors. The materials used are bark for floors, split and chopped water bamboo for walls, while the roof is made of dried [[sago]] leaves. The walls are made of sago leaves. The original ''rumsram'' wall only had a few windows and its position was at the front and back. A ''rumsram'' usually has a height of approximately 6–8 m and is divided into two parts, differentiated by floor levels. The first floor is open and without walls. Only the building columns were visible. In this place, men are educated to learn sculpting, shielding, boat building, and war techniques. In a traditional ceremony called ''Wor Kapanaknik'', which in the [[Biak language]] means "to shave a child's hair", a traditional ritual is usually carried out when boys are 6–8 years old. The age when a child is considered to be able to think and the child has started to get an education in the search for life experiences, as well as how to become a strong and responsible man as the head of the family later. The children would then enter a ''rumsram'', hence the [[rite of passage]] is also called ''rumsram,'' because the ritual is carried out in the ''rumsram''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tradisi Wor » Budaya Indonesia |url=https://budaya-indonesia.org/Tradisi-Wor/|access-date=4 March 2021 |website=budaya-indonesia.org}}</ref>
=== Traditional weapons ===
The cuscus bone skewer is a traditional Papuan weapon used by one of the indigenous Papuan tribes, namely the [[Bauzi people]]. The [[Bauzi people]] still maintain their tradition of hunting and gathering. The weapon they use to hunt animals while waiting for the harvest to arrive is a piercing tool made of cuscus bones. The use of cuscus bones as a traditional weapon is very environmentally friendly. This happens because, in its manufacture, it does not require the help of industrial equipment that pollutes the environment. This traditional weapon is made from cleaned cuscus bone (before the meat is eaten and separated from the bone), sharpened by rubbing it with a whetstone, and repeated so that the desired sharpness is formed.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Kurniawan |first=Fajar |date=28 August 2020 |title=7 Senjata Tradisional Papua Yang Membudaya Tambah Pinter Budaya |url=https://tambahpinter.com/senjata-tradisional-papua/|access-date=4 March 2021 |website=Tambah Pinter |language=id}}</ref>
Papuan [[Blade|knife blades]] are usually used for slashing or cutting when hunting animals in the forest. Even though the animals they face are large mammals and crocodiles, the Papuan people still adhere to prevailing customs. The custom is that it is not permissible to use any kind of firearm when hunting. Papuan [[Dagger]]s are knives made of unique materials and are difficult to obtain in other areas, namely the bones of an endemic animal to Papua, the [[cassowary]]. Cassowary bones are used by local culture to become a tool that has beneficial values for life. Apart from that, the feathers attached to the blade's handle are also the feathers of the cassowary.<ref name=":16" />
The [[spear]] is referred to by the local community of Sentani as ''Mensa''. The spear was a weapon that could be used for both fighting and hunting. In addition, Papuan culture often uses the spear as a property in dances. The weapons mentioned above are made from basic materials that are easily found in nature. Wood to make the handle, and a river stone that was sharpened as a spearhead. For that reason, the spear can survive as a weapon that must be present in hunting and fighting activities. What makes this traditional Papuan weapon feel special is that there is a rule not to use a spear other than for hunting and fighting purposes. For example, it is forbidden to cut young tree shoots with a spear or to use a spear to carry garden produce. If this rule was broken, the person who wielded this spear would have bad luck. Meanwhile, in the manufacturing process, this spear frame takes a long time. Starting from the wood taken from the tree ''kayu swang'' with a diameter of 25 cm. After drying it in the sun, the wood is split into four and shaped so it has a rounded cross-section, then the tip is shaped until it formed a two-sided and leaf shaped spear-tip.<ref name="Kemdikbud 1992 p.26-68"/>
The [[bow and arrow]] is a traditional Papuan weapon locally in Sentani called ''Fela'' that has uses for hunting wild boar and other animals. The arrowheads are made from the bark of a sago tree, the bow is made from a type of wild betel nut tree which can also be made the arrowheads, the shaft is made from a type of grass, small-sized bamboo which do not have cavity and rattan as the bowstring. Depending on the phase of for battle there are variety of arrow type, ''Hiruan'' is a plain sharp arrow with no decoration to lure the enemy; ''Humbai'' is a sharp arrow which have one serrated sided tip and the other plain, used to shoot seen enemy that is getting closer; ''Hube'' is an arrow with both sides serrated, used for enemy that is getting closer still; ''Humame'' is an arrow with three sided serrated tip, used for a really close enemy; ''Hukeli'' is an arrow with four-sided serrated arrowhead, used only after ''Humame'' depleted; ''Pulung Waliman'' is an arrow with two-sided arrowhead, with three large teeth, and hole in the middle, only used to kill enemy chieftain. In addition, for hunting three kinds of arrows are used, ''Hiruan'' which have similar characteristic as war ''Hiruan'' other than different shape; ''Maigue'' is an arrow with two-pronged tip; and ''Ka'ai'' is an arrow with three-pronged tip.<ref name="Kemdikbud 1992 p.26-68"/>
The Papuan [[Parang (knife)|parang]] called ''Yali'' in Sentani is made from old ''swang'' wood, take 2–3 days to make and can be made before or after drying the wood. It can be used for household purposes, namely cooking, cutting meat, cutting vegetables and cutting down sago. In addition, Papuan machetes are also used in the agricultural industry and be used as a collection. Usually it will have carving symbolizing prosperity for humans or prosperity for animals.<ref name="Kemdikbud 1992 p.26-68">{{Cite web|last1=Syukur|first1=Abdul|last2=Tachier|first2=A.|last3=Djusmin|first3=Achmad|last4=Sipatu|first4=Apollos|date=1992|title="Senjata Tradisional Propinsi Irian Jaya"|url=http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/14100/1/Sejarah%20perlawanan%20terhadap%20imperialisme%20dan%20kolonialisme%20di%20daerah%20irian%20jaya.PDF|website=Kemdikbud|pages=26–68| access-date=2021-11-03}}</ref>
Sentani [[oar]]s are traditional tools called ''Roreng'' for males and ''Biareng'' for females. They are made from ''swang'' wood and the bark of sago trees. The wood was split to create flat surface and then shaped like an oar, with the tip made thinner and sharper. It primarily functioned as an oar to propel canoes forward, but under attack from enemies from the seas it can be used as spear because of its sharp tip. Usually oars have ornamental engravings shaped like a finger called ''Hiokagema'' to symbolize unity of strength of ten fingers to power the oars.<ref name="Kemdikbud 1992 p.26-68"/>
Stone [[Axe]]s from Sentani are called ''Mamehe'' usually made from river stones secured to the handle with rattan. Usually it was made from ''batu pualan'' (marble) which was then shaped with another stone by chipping slowly. According local tradition the making of the stone have to be done secretly from the family, and can take up to 2 months. For the handle it was constructed using ''swang'' wood or ironwood. One part was to secure the axe head and another for the handle, with all parts tied together using rattan. the axe are usually made for cutting down trees and canoes building, however currently used more often as collections.<ref name="Kemdikbud 1992 p.26-68"/>
=== Music and handicrafts ===
[[File:Tifa, Geelvink Bay cultures, Cenderawasih Bay, before 1883.jpg|thumb|[[Tifa (drum)|Tifa]], a Papuan musical instrument]]
[[Tifa (drum)|Tifa]] is a traditional Papuan musical instrument that is played by beating. Unlike those from [[Maluku Islands|Maluku]], this musical instrument from Papua is usually longer and has a handle on one part of the instrument. Meanwhile, the tifa from Maluku has a wide size and there is no handle on the side. The material used also comes from the strongest wood, usually the type of Lenggua wood (''[[Pterocarpus indicus]])'' with animal skin as the upper membrane. The animal's skin is tied with rattan in a circle so that it is tight and can produce a beautiful sound. In addition, on the body part of the musical instrument there is a typical Papuan carving. Tifa is usually used to accompany guest welcoming events, traditional parties, dances, etc. The size of the sound that comes out of the drum depends on the size of the instrument. Apart from being a means of accompanying the dance, the tifa also has a social meaning based on the function and shape of the carved ornaments on the body of the tifa. In the culture of the [[Marind people|Marind-Anim]] people in [[Merauke]], each clan has its own shape and motif as well as a name for each tifa. The same goes for the [[Biak]] and [[Waropen Regency|Waropen]] people.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Yasmin |first=Puti |title=Alat Musik Tradisional Papua Lengkap Sejarahnya |url=https://travel.detik.com/travel-news/d-5168062/alat-musik-tradisional-papua-lengkap-sejarahnya|access-date=4 March 2021 |website=detikTravel |___location=[[Jakarta]] |publisher=[[Detik.com|detikcom]] |language=id}}</ref>
The triton is a traditional Papuan musical instrument that is played by blowing it. This musical instrument is found throughout the coast, especially in the [[Biak]], [[Yapen]], [[Waropen Regency|Waropen]] and [[Nabire]]. Initially, this tool was only used as a means of communication or as a means of calling and signaling. Currently this instrument is also used as a means of entertainment and traditional musical instruments.<ref name=":17" />
=== Cuisine ===
[[File:Memotong sagu Kering.jpg|thumb|Sago is a typical Papuan food, which is usually made into [[Papeda (food)|papeda]].]]
The native Papuan food usually consists of roasted [[boar]] with [[Tuber]]s such as [[sweet potato]]. The staple food of Papua and eastern Indonesia in general is [[sago]], as the counterpart of central and western [[Indonesian cuisine]]s that favour rice as their staple food.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Santoso |first=Agung Budi |date=10 December 2013 |editor-last=Gultom |editor-first=Hasiolan Eko Purwanto |title=Papeda, Makanan Sehat Khas Papua |url=https://www.tribunnews.com/lifestyle/2013/12/10/papeda-makanan-sehat-khas-papua |access-date=4 March 2021 |website=Tribunnews.com |language=id-ID}}</ref> Sago is either processed as a pancake or sago congee called ''[[Papeda (food)|papeda]]'', usually eaten with yellow soup made from [[tuna]], [[Red snapper (fish)|red snapper]] or other fishes spiced with [[turmeric]], [[Lime (fruit)|lime]], and other spices. On some coasts and lowlands on Papua, sago is the main ingredient to all the foods.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Papeda Makanan Khas Maluku dan Papua |url=http://makanan-indonesia.weebly.com/1/post/2017/01/papeda.html|access-date=4 March 2021 |website=Makanan Indonesia |language=id}}</ref>
In the coastal regions, seafood is the main food for the local people. One of the famous sea foods from Papua is fish wrap ([[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]: ''Ikan Bungkus''). Wrapped fish in other areas is called ''[[Pepes]] ikan.'' Wrapped fish from Papua is known to be very fragrant. This is because there are additional bay leaves so that the mixture of spices is more fragrant and soaks into the fish meat. The basic ingredient of Papuan wrapped fish is sea fish, the most commonly used fish is [[milkfish]]. Milkfish is suitable for "wrap" because it has meat that does not crumble after processing. The spices are sliced or cut into pieces, namely, red and bird's eye chilies, bay leaves, tomatoes, [[galangal]], and lemongrass stalks. While other spices are [[turmeric]], garlic and red, red chilies, [[coriander]], and [[hazelnut]]. The spices are first crushed and then mixed or smeared on the fish. The wrapping is in banana leaves.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2018 |title=Ikan Bungkus, Pepes Ikan dari Papua yang Harum |url=https://merahputih.com/post/read/ikan-bungkus-pepes-ikan-dari-papua-yang-harum|access-date=4 March 2021 |website=MerahPutih}}</ref>
[[File:Papeda, Kuah Kuning, Ikan Tude Bakar 2.jpg|left|thumb|[[Papeda (food)|Papeda]], a notable dish originating from Eastern Indonesia]]
Common Papuan snacks are usually made out of [[sago]]. Kue bagea (also called sago cake) is a cake originating from [[Ternate]] in [[North Maluku]], although it can also be found in Papua.<ref name="Pertiwi">{{cite web |title=Resep Kue Bagea Ambon |url=http://resepkue.net/kue-tradisional/resep-kue-bagea-modern-kue-tradisional-dari-ternate-malulu-utara/|access-date=16 May 2014 |publisher=resepkue.net|archive-date=17 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517134045/http://resepkue.net/kue-tradisional/resep-kue-bagea-modern-kue-tradisional-dari-ternate-malulu-utara/}}</ref> It has a round shape and creamy color. Bagea has a hard consistency that can be softened in tea or water, to make it easier to chew.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Finding Raja Ampat Culinary {{!}} Discover Indonesia|url=http://goindonesia.blendong.com/culinary/finding-raja-ampat-culinary.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425095024/http://goindonesia.blendong.com/culinary/finding-raja-ampat-culinary.html|archive-date=25 April 2016|access-date=17 April 2016|website=goindonesia.blendong.com}}</ref> It is prepared using [[sago]],<ref name="Zemanta">{{cite web |title=''Ambon yang Selalu Manise'' |url=http://www.jalanjalanyuk.com/ambon-yang-selalu-manise/|access-date=17 May 2014 |publisher=Jalanjalanyuk.com|archive-date=17 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517193412/http://www.jalanjalanyuk.com/ambon-yang-selalu-manise/}}</ref> a plant-based starch derived from the [[Metroxylon sagu|sago palm]] or [[Cycas revoluta|sago cycad]]. ''Sagu Lempeng'' is a typical Papuan snacks that is made in the form of processed sago in the form of plates. ''Sagu Lempeng'' are also a favorite for travelers. But it is very difficult to find in places to eat because this bread is a family consumption and is usually eaten immediately after cooking. Making sago plates is as easy as making other breads. Sago is processed by baking it by printing rectangles or rectangles with iron which is ripe like white bread. Initially tasteless, but recently it has begun to vary with sugar to get a sweet taste. It has a tough texture and can be enjoyed by mixing it or dipping it in water to make it softer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2018 |title=Sagu Lempeng, Rotinya Masyarakat Papua yang Tak Tergantikan |url=https://merahputih.com/post/read/sagu-lempeng-rotinya-masyarakat-papua-yang-tak-tergantikan|access-date=4 March 2021 |website=MerahPutih}}</ref> Sago porridge is a type of porridge that are found in Papua. This porridge is usually eaten with yellow soup made of [[mackerel]] or [[tuna]] then seasoned with turmeric and lime. Sago porridge is sometimes also consumed with boiled tubers, such as those from [[cassava]] or [[sweet potato]]. Vegetable papaya flowers and sautéed [[kale]] are often served as side dishes to accompany the sago porridge.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khairunnisa |first=Syifa Nuri |editor-last=Pertiwi F. |editor-first=Ni Luh Made |___location=[[Jakarta]] |publisher=Kompas Cyber Media |date=5 December 2019 |title=4 Makanan Papua dari Sagu Halaman all |url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2019/12/05/200500027/4-makanan-papua-dari-sagu|access-date=4 March 2021 |website=Kompas.com |language=id}}</ref> In the coastal regions, [[Rhynchophorus ferrugineus|Sago worms]] are usually served as a type of snack dish.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Farhan |first=Afif |title=Mengapa Orang Papua Makan Ulat Sagu? |url=https://travel.detik.com/domestic-destination/d-4841664/mengapa-orang-papua-makan-ulat-sagu |access-date=4 March 2021 |website=detikTravel |___location=[[Jayapura]] |publisher=[[Detik.com|detikcom]] |language=id |archive-date=8 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308064758/https://travel.detik.com/domestic-destination/d-4841664/mengapa-orang-papua-makan-ulat-sagu |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alfarizi |first=Moh Khory |date=24 December 2019|editor-last=Prima|editor-first=Erwin |title=Ulat Sagu Jadi Kuliner Favorit Sejak Masa Prasejarah di Papua |url=https://tekno.tempo.co/read/1287127/ulat-sagu-jadi-kuliner-favorit-sejak-masa-prasejarah-di-papua|access-date=5 March 2021 |website=Tempo |language=Indonesian}}</ref> Sago worms come from sago trunks which are cut and left to rot. The rotting stems cause the worms to come out. The shape of the sago worms varies, ranging from the smallest to the largest size of an adult's thumb. These sago caterpillars are usually eaten alive or cooked beforehand, such as stir-frying, cooking, frying and then skewered. But over time, the people of Papua used to process these sago caterpillars into sago caterpillar [[satay]]. To make [[satay]] from this sago caterpillar, the method is no different from making satay in general, namely on skewers with a skewer and grilled over hot coals.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fitria |first=Riska |title=5 Fakta Ulat Sagu, Kuliner Ekstrem yang Kaya Nutrisi |url=https://food.detik.com/info-kuliner/d-5230291/5-fakta-ulat-sagu-kuliner-ekstrem-yang-kaya-nutrisi |access-date=4 March 2021 |website=detikfood |___location=[[Jakarta]] |publisher=[[Detik.com|detikcom]] |language=id }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Districts of Papua]]
* [[List of earthquakes in Indonesia]]
* [[List of rivers of Papua]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Cited works==
* {{cite web |first=Klemen |last=L |date=2000 |title=Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942 |url=https://warfare.gq/dutcheastindies/index.html |access-date=30 March 2021 |archive-date=26 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726053035/http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/index.html |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite book |last1=Lumintang |first1=Onnie |last2=Haryono |first2=P. Suryo |last3=Gunawan |first3=Restu |last4=Nurhajarini |first4=Dwi Ratna |title=Biografi Pahlawan Nasional Marthin Indey dan Silas Papare |date=1997 |publisher=[[Ministry of Education and Culture (Indonesia)|Ministry of Education and Culture]] |___location=Indonesia |url=http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/7607/1/BIOGRAFI%20PAHLAWAN%20NASIONAL%20MARTHIN%20INDEY%20DAN%20SILAS%20PAPARE.pdf |language=id|ref={{harvid|Lumintang et al.|1997}}}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://www.papua.go.id/}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090106155024/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=IDP Languages and ethnic groups of Papua Province] [[SIL Ethnologue]]
{{Papua}}
{{Provinces of Indonesia}}
{{Navboxes
|title = Articles related to Papua
|list =
{{Countries and territories of Oceania}}
{{Melanesia}}
}}
{{Portal bar|Asia|Oceania|Geography|Indonesia}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Papua (province)| ]]
[[Category:Western New Guinea|*]]
[[Category:Provinces of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Arafura Sea]]
[[Category:Autonomous provinces]]
[[Category:Ethnic conflicts in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1963]]
[[Category:1963 establishments in Indonesia]]
| |||