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{{Short description|Historical administrative divisions}}
[[Korea]] has had administrative districts that can be considered provinces since the 7th century. These divisions were initially called ''ju'' ({{Korean|hangul=주|hanja=州}}) in [[Unified Silla]] and [[Later Baekje]], and there were nine in total. After [[Goryeo]] conquered these states in the 10th century, twelve divisions called ''mok'' ({{Korean|hangul=목|hanja=牧|labels=no}}) were established, although they were reorganized into ten ''do'' ({{Korean|hangul=도|hanja=道|labels=no}}) in the 11th century.
After [[Joseon]]'s conquest of Goryeo, it established the [[Eight Provinces of Korea|Eight Provinces]] in 1413. These provincial boundaries closely reflected major [[regions of Korea|regional]] and [[Korean dialects|dialect]] boundaries, and are still significant in contemporary Korea. In 1895, as part of the [[Gabo Reform]], the country was redivided into 23 districts (''Bu;'' 부; {{lang|ko|府}}), which were replaced a year later by thirteen new provinces. The thirteen provinces of 1896 included three of the original eight provinces, with the five remaining original provinces divided into north and south halves (''Bukdo'' (북도; {{lang|ko|北道}}) and ''Namdo'' (남도; {{lang|ko|南道}}) respectively). The thirteen provinces remained unchanged throughout the [[Korea under Japanese rule|Japanese colonial period]].
With the liberation of Korea in 1945, the Korean peninsula was divided into [[North Korea]] and [[South Korea]], with the dividing line established along the [[38th parallel north|38th parallel]]. Three provinces—[[Hwanghae]], [[Gyeonggi]], and [[Gangwon Province (pre-1910)|Gangwon]] (Kangwŏn)—were modified or split as a part of this. The special cities of [[Seoul]] (South Korea) and [[Pyongyang|P'yŏngyang]] (North Korea) were formed in 1946. Between 1946 and 1954, five new provinces were created: [[Jeju Province|Jeju]] in South Korea, and [[North Hwanghae|North]] and [[South Hwanghae]], [[Chagang]], and [[Ryanggang]] in North Korea. With the freezing of the [[Korean War]] in 1953, provincial boundaries were again modified between the two Koreas, and have since remained mostly unchanged; new cities and special administrative regions have since been created in their provinces.
==Provinces of Unified Silla==
{{Main|Three Kingdoms of Korea}}
[[File:9주 5소경.png|thumb|Map of 9 districts of Unified Silla with their 5 sub capitals.]]
The Korean peninsula was mostly unified for the first time by the state [[Unified Silla|Silla]] in the 7th century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unified Silla Dynasty |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Unified-Silla-dynasty |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |language=en}}</ref> Silla's capital was Geumseong (now [[Gyeongju]]).<ref>{{Citation |last=이 |first=기동 |title=신라 (新羅) |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]] |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0032800 |access-date=2024-04-26 |publisher=[[Academy of Korean Studies]] |language=ko}}</ref> It had five sub-capitals ({{Korean|hangul=소경|hanja=小京|rr=sogyeong|labels=no}}) at Geumgwan-gyeong ({{Korean|hangul=금관경|labels=no}}, now [[Gimhae]]), Namwon-gyeong (남원경, [[Namwon]]), Seowon-gyeong ({{Korean|hangul=서원경|labels=no}}, [[Cheongju]]), Jungwon-gyeong ({{Korean|hangul=중원경|labels=no}}, [[Chungju]]), and Bugwon-gyeong ({{Korean|hangul=북원경|labels=no}}, [[Wonju]]).<ref>{{Citation |last=전 |first=덕재 |title=오소경 (五小京) |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]] |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0038356 |access-date=2024-04-26 |publisher=[[Academy of Korean Studies]] |language=ko}}</ref>
The country was divided into nine provinces ({{Korean|hangul=주|rr=ju|labels=no}}): three in the pre-660 territory of Silla, and three each in the territories of the former kingdoms [[Baekje]] and [[Goguryeo]].<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=박 |first=성현 |title=구주 (九州) |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]] |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0006042 |access-date=2024-04-26 |publisher=[[Academy of Korean Studies]] |language=ko}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Provinces of Silla<ref name=":0" />
! Province !! Hangul !! Hanja !! Capital !! Modern equivalent
! Former kingdom
|-
| {{Ill|Yangju (Silla province)|lt=Yangju|ko|삽량주}} || 양주 || {{lang|ko|良州}} || [[Gimhae|Yangju]] || Eastern [[Gyeongsang Province|Gyeongsang]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Silla]]
|-
| {{Ill|Gangju|ko|청주 (9주)}}|| 강주 || {{lang|ko|康州}} || [[Jinju|Gangju]] || Western [[South Gyeongsang Province|South Gyeongsang]]
|-
| {{Ill|Sangju (Silla province)|lt=Sangju|ko|사벌주}}|| 상주 || {{lang|ko|尙州}} || [[Sangju]] || Western [[North Gyeongsang Province|North Gyeongsang]]
|-
| {{Ill|Muju (Silla province)|lt=Muju|ko|무진주}} || 무주 || {{lang|ko|武州}} || [[Gwangju|Muju]] || [[South Jeolla Province|South Jeolla]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Baekje]]
|-
| {{Ill|Jeonju (Silla province)|lt=Jeonju|ko|완산주}}|| 전주 || {{lang|ko|全州}} || [[Jeonju]] || [[North Jeolla Province|North Jeolla]]
|-
| {{Ill|Ungju|ko|웅천주}}|| 웅주 || {{lang|ko|熊州}} || [[Gongju]] || [[South Chungcheong Province|South Chungcheong]]
|-
| {{Ill|Hanju|ko|한산주}} || 한주 || {{lang|ko|漢州}} || [[History of Seoul|Hanju]] || [[North Chungcheong Province|North Chungcheong]], [[Gyeonggi Province|Gyeonggi]], [[Hwanghae Province|Hwanghae]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Goguryeo]]
|-
| {{Ill|Sakju (Silla province)|lt=Sakju|ko|우수주}}|| 삭주 || {{lang|ko|朔州}} || [[Wonju|Sakju]] || Western [[Gangwon Province (pre-1910)|Gangwon]]
|-
| {{Ill|Myeongju|ko|하서주}}|| 명주 || {{lang|ko|溟州}} ||[[Gangneung|Myeongju]]
|| Eastern [[Gangwon Province (pre-1910)|Gangwon]]
|}
==
[[File:여말 행정구역.png|thumb|Provinces of Goryeo during the Late Goryeo period]]
Goryeo was established in the 10th century, and had its capital at Gaegyeong (now [[Kaesong]]). It conquered Silla and [[Later Baekje]], and also conquered parts of the former territory of [[Goguryeo]].<ref>{{Citation |last=박 |first=종기(국민대 명예교수) |title=고려 (高麗) |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]] |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0003424 |access-date=2024-04-26 |publisher=[[Academy of Korean Studies]] |language=ko}}</ref> Goryeo had three subcapitals: Donggyeong (now [[Gyeongju]]), Namgyeong (now [[Seoul]]), and Seogyeong (now [[Pyongyang]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=3경 |url=http://contents.history.go.kr/front/tg/view.do?treeId=0209&levelId=tg_002_0430&ganada=&pageUnit=10 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=우리역사넷 |publisher=[[National Institute of Korean History]]}}</ref>
Goryeo reorganized its provinces several times. Originally, the country had one royal district ({{Korean|hangul=기내|hanja=畿內|rr=ginae|labels=no}}) around Gaegyeong and twelve administrative districts ({{Korean|hangul=목|hanja=牧|rr=mok|labels=no}}).<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last=김 |first=현영 |title=목 (牧) |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]] |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0018590 |access-date=2024-04-26 |publisher=[[Academy of Korean Studies]] |language=ko}}</ref> In 995, the twelve districts were redivided into ten provinces ({{Korean|hangul=도|hanja=道|rr=do|labels=no}}).<ref name=":1">{{Citation |title=십도 (十道) |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]] |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0033991 |access-date=2024-04-26 |publisher=[[Academy of Korean Studies]] |language=ko}}</ref> In 1005,<ref name=":1" />{{Clarify|reason=Not sure about this date|date=April 2024}} the ten provinces were again redivided, this time into five provinces and two frontier districts ({{Korean|hangul=계|hanja=界|rr=gye|labels=no}}). Gyojudo later became its own province after 1178, making it six provinces and two frontier districts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Provinces of Goryeo over time
! Provinces (pre-995)<ref name=":2" />!! Provinces (995–1005)<ref name=":1" />!! Provinces<br />(post-1005)<ref>{{Citation |title=오도 (五道) |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]] |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0038163 |access-date=2024-04-26 |publisher=[[Academy of Korean Studies]] |language=ko}}</ref>
! Modern equivalent
!Silla equivalent
|-
| [[Yangju]]-mok ({{lang|ko|揚州牧}})
| rowspan="4" | Gwannae-do
| rowspan="3" | Seohae-do (西海道,서해도)
| [[Hwanghae]]
| rowspan="5" |Hanju
|-
| [[Hwangju]]-mok ({{lang|ko|黃州牧}}) || [[North Hwanghae]]
|-
| [[Haeju]]-mok ({{lang|ko|海州牧}}) || [[South Hwanghae]]
|-
| [[Gwangju (Gyeonggi)|Gwangju]]-mok ({{lang|ko|廣州牧}})
| rowspan="4" | Yanggwang-do(楊廣道,양광도)
| [[Gyeonggi]]
|-
| [[Chungju]]-mok ({{lang|ko|忠州牧}})
| rowspan="2" | Jungwon-do
| rowspan="2" | [[North Chungcheong]]
|-
| [[Cheongju]]-mok
| rowspan="2" | Ungju
|-
| [[Gongju]]-mok || Hanam-do || [[South Chungcheong]]
|-
| [[Jeonju]]-mok ({{lang|ko|全州牧}}) || Gangnam-do
| rowspan="3" | [[Jeolla]]-do(전라도)
| [[Jeonbuk State|Jeonbuk]]
| Jeonju
|-
| [[Naju]]-mok
| rowspan="2" | Haeyang-do(해양도)
| rowspan="2" | [[South Jeolla]]
| rowspan="2" | Muju
|-
| [[Suncheon|Seungju]]-mok
|-
| [[Sangju]]-mok || [[Yeongnam]]-do
| rowspan="3" | [[Gyeongsang]]-do(경상도)
| [[North Gyeongsang]]
| Sangju
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Jinju]]-mok
| Sannam-do || Western [[South Gyeongsang]]
| Gangju
|-
| Yeongdong-do || Eastern [[South Gyeongsang]]
| Yangju
|-
| —
| rowspan="2" | Sakbang-do
| Gyoju-do(교주도,交州道),also known as gyoju gangneungdo(交州江陵道,교주강릉도){{efn|Initially installed from part of Donggye in 1178 as Chunchudo(춘주도,春州道).Was once called Dongjudo(동주도,東州道) but named as gyojudo in 1263.From 1314 to 1388 it was known as Hoeyangdo(회양도,淮陽道)as a result of demotion of Gyojumok under Hoeyang.From 1388 to 1392, it was known as gyojugangneungdo after merging with gangneungdo(강릉도,江陵道).}}
| rowspan="2" | [[Gangwon (historical)|Gangwon]]
| Sakju
|-
| — || Donggye(東界,동계),also known as Dongbukmyeon(東北面,동북면)
| Myeongju
|-
| — || Paeseo-do || Bukgye(北界,북계),Also known as Seobukmyeon(西北面,서북면)) || [[Pyeongan]]
| —
|}
==
{{main|Eight Provinces (Korea)}}
[[File:Eight provinces of Korea-en.svg|thumb|The Eight Provinces (Paldo)]]
[[File:23부제.gif|thumb|220px|23 Districts (Isipsambu)]]
[[File:Thirteen provinces of Korea-en.svg|thumb|13 Provinces (Sipsamdo)]]
In 1413, Korea (at that time called Joseon) was divided into eight provinces: [[Chungcheong-do|Chungcheong]], [[Gangwon (historical)|Gangwon]], [[Gyeonggi]], [[Gyeongsang]], [[Jeolla]], [[Hamgyong Province|Hamgyŏng]] (originally called Yeonggil), [[Hwanghae]] (originally called P'unghae), and [[Pyongan|P'yŏngan]].
{|class=wikitable
![[Revised Romanization of Korean|RR]] Romaja!![[McCune–Reischauer|M–R]] Romaja!![[Hangul]]!![[Hanja]]
!Name origin!!Capital!![[Regions of Korea|Region]]!![[Dialects of Korean|Korean dialect]]!!Post-1896 Provinces
|-
|[[Chungcheong]]||[[Chungcheong|Ch'ungch'ŏng]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|충청도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|忠淸道}}</span>
|[[Chungju]] ({{lang|ko|충주 忠州}}),<br>[[Cheongju]] ({{lang|ko|청주 淸州}})||[[Gongju]]||[[Hoseo]]||[[Chungcheong dialect]]
|[[North Chungcheong Province|North Chungcheong]]<br>[[South Chungcheong Province|South Chungcheong]]
|-
|[[Gangwon (historical province)|Gangwon]]||[[Gangwon (historical province)|Kangwŏn]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|강원도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|江原道}}</span>
|[[Gangneung]] ({{lang|ko|강릉 江陵}}),<br>[[Wonju]] ({{lang|ko|원주 原州}})||[[Wonju]]||[[Gwandong]]<br><small>([[Yeongseo]], [[Yeongdong (region)|Yeongdong]]{{efn|"Gwandong" is the name for the region as a whole, with "Yeongseo" denoting the western half of the province and "Yeongdong" the eastern half. "Yeongdong" is used more often than either of the other two terms, however, especially in reference to railway and road arteries that cross through Gangwon, connecting the Seoul and Yeongdong regions.}}</small>||[[Gangwon dialect]]
|[[Gangwon (historical province)|Gangwon]]
|-
|[[Gyeonggi Province|Gyeonggi]]||[[Gyeonggi Province|Kyŏnggi]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|경기도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|京畿道}}</span>
|([[#3|See note]])||Hanseong<br>([[Seoul]])||[[Gijeon]]{{efn|The province's name literally means "area within a 500-''[[Li (unit)|li]]'' (200-km) radius" (''gi''; {{lang|ko|[[wikt:畿|畿]]}}) of the "capital" (''Gyeong''; {{lang|ko|[[wikt:京|京]]}}), referring to the royal capital Hanseong (modern-day Seoul). The regional name "Gijeon" is obsolete. The 20th-century term "[[Seoul National Capital Area|Sudogwon]]" ("Capital Region") is used today to denote the Seoul-[[Incheon]] conurbation and that part of Gyeonggi Province that forms part of the same built-up, urban area.}}||[[Seoul dialect]]
|[[Gyeonggi Province|Gyeonggi]]
|-
|[[Gyeongsang]]||[[Gyeongsang|Kyŏngsang]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|경상도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|慶尙道}}</span>
|[[Gyeongju]] ({{lang|ko|경주 慶州}}),<br>[[Sangju]] ({{lang|ko|상주 尙州}})
|[[Daegu]]||[[Yeongnam]]||[[Gyeongsang dialect]]
|[[North Gyeongsang Province|North Gyeongsang]]<br>[[South Gyeongsang Province|South Gyeongsang]]
|-
|[[Hamgyong Province|Hamgyeong]]||[[Hamgyong Province|Hamgyŏng]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|함경도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|咸鏡道}}</span>
|[[Hamhung]] ({{lang|ko|함흥 咸興}}),<br>[[Kyongsong County|Kyongsong]] ({{lang|ko|경성 鏡城}})
|[[Hamhung]]||[[Kwanbuk]], [[Kwannam]]{{efn|"Gwanbuk" was used to designate either the province as whole, or only the northern part thereof. In the latter case, "Gwannam" was then used to denote the southern part of the province.}}
|[[Hamgyŏng dialect]]
|[[North Hamgyong Province|North Hamgyong]]<br>[[South Hamgyong Province|South Hamgyong]]
|-
|[[Hwanghae]]||[[Hwanghae]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|황해도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|黃海道}}</span>
|[[Hwangju]] ({{lang|ko|황주 黃州}}),<br>[[Haeju]] ({{lang|ko|해주 海州}})
|[[Haeju]]||[[Haeso]]||[[Hwanghae dialect]]
|[[Hwanghae]]{{efn|The modern-day division of the province into [[North Hwanghae|North]] and [[South Hwanghae|South]] did not occur until 1954.}}
|-
|[[Jeolla]]||[[Jeolla|Chŏlla]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|전라도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|全羅道}}</span>
|[[Jeonju]] ({{lang|ko|전주 全州}}),<br>[[Naju]] ({{lang|ko|나주 羅州}}){{efn|The initial "n" in "Naju" is pronounced as "l" (lower-case "L") when it comes after another consonant; the final "n" in the "Jeon" of "Jeonju" is then assimilated to an "l" sound.}}
|[[Jeonju]]||[[Honam]]||[[Jeolla dialect]];<br>[[Jeju language]]{{efn|The distinctive Jeju dialect is used on [[Jeju Island]], which became a separate province in 1946.}}
|[[North Jeolla Province|North Jeolla]]<br>[[South Jeolla Province|South Jeolla]]
|-
|[[Pyongan|Pyeongan]]||[[Pyongan|P'yŏngan]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|평안도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|平安道}}</span>
|[[Pyongyang]] ({{lang|ko|평양 平壤}}),<br>[[Anju, South Pyongan|Anju]] ({{lang|ko|안주 安州}})
|[[Pyongyang]]||[[Kwanso]]||[[Pyongan dialect]]
|[[North Pyongan Province|North Pyongan]]<br>[[South Pyongan Province|South Pyongan]]
|}
===Districts of Late Joseon period===
In 1895, Korea was redivided into 23 districts (''Bu;'' 부; {{lang|ko|府}}), each named for the city or county that was its capital. The districts were short-lived, however, as the following year, the provincial system was restored.
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Gyeongsang#History|Andong]]
*[[Gangwon (South Korea)#History|Chuncheon]]
*[[Chungcheong#History|Chungju]]
*[[Gyeongsang#History|Daegu]]
*[[Gyeongsang#History|Dongnae]]
*[[Gangwon (South Korea)#History|Gangneung]]
*[[Chungcheong#History|Gongju]]
*[[Hwanghae#History|Haeju]]
*[[Hamgyong Province#History|Hamhŭng]]
*[[Gyeonggi#History|Hanseong]]
*[[Chungcheong#History|Hongju]]
*[[Gyeonggi#History|Incheon]]
*[[Jeolla#History|Jeju]]
*[[Jeolla#History|Jeonju]]
*[[Gyeongsang#History|Jinju]]
*[[Gyeonggi#History|Kaesŏng]]
*[[Pyongan#History|Kanggye]]
*[[Hamgyong Province#History|Kapsan]]
*[[Hamgyong Province#History|Kyŏngsŏng]]
*[[Jeolla#History|Naju]]
*[[Jeolla#History|Namwon]]
*[[Pyongan#History|P'yŏngyang]]
*[[Pyongan#History|Ŭiju]]
{{div col end}}
==Provinces of the Korean Empire==
In 1896, the former eight provinces were restored, with five of them (Chungcheong, Gyeongsang, Jeolla, Hamgyŏng, and P'yŏngan) being divided into North and South Provinces (''Bukdo'' (북도; {{lang|ko|北道}}) and ''Namdo'' (남도; {{lang|ko|南道}}) respectively). The resulting system of thirteen provinces lasted until the [[Division of Korea]] in 1945.
The thirteen provinces were: [[North Chungcheong|North]] and [[South Chungcheong]], [[Gangwon (historical)|Gangwon]], [[Gyeonggi]], [[North Gyeongsang|North]] and [[South Gyeongsang]], [[North Hamgyong|North]] and [[South Hamgyong|South Hamgyŏng]], [[Hwanghae]], [[North Jeolla|North]] and [[South Jeolla]], and [[North Pyongan|North]] and [[South Pyongan|South P'yŏngan]].
== Provinces of Chōsen ==
[[File:Provinces of Chosen Korea.png|thumb|Provinces of Korea during Japanese rule]]
Under Colonial [[Korea under Japanese rule|Japanese rule]], Korean provinces of [[Korean Empire]], remained much the same, only taking on the [[Japanese language|Japanese]] reading of the [[hanja]]. The Provinces of Chōsen were:
{|class="wikitable sortable"
![[Japanese language|Japanese]] name!![[Kanji]]!![[Kana]]!![[Korean language|Korean]] name!![[Hangul]]
|-
|[[Chūseihoku-dō]]||{{lang|ja|忠清北道}}||{{lang|ja|ちゅうせいほくどう}}||[[North Chungcheong Province|Chungcheongbuk-do]]||{{lang|ko|충청북도}}
|-
|[[Chūseinan-dō]]||{{lang|ja|忠淸南道}}||{{lang|ja|ちゅうせいなんどう}}||[[South Chungcheong Province|Chungcheongnam-do]]||{{lang|ko|충청남도}}
|-
|[[Keishōhoku-dō]]||{{lang|ja|慶尚北道}}||{{lang|ja|けいしょうほくどう}}||[[North Gyeongsang Province|Gyeongsangbuk-do]]||{{lang|ko|경상북도}}
|-
|[[Keishōnan-dō]]||{{lang|ja|慶尚南道}}||{{lang|ja|けいしょうなんどう}}||[[South Gyeongsang Province|Gyeongsangnam-do]]||{{lang|ko|경상남도}}
|-
|[[Heianhoku-dō]]||{{lang|ja|平安北道}}||{{lang|ja|へいあんほくどう}}||[[North Pyongan Province|Pyeonganbuk-do]]||{{lang|ko|평안북도}}
|-
|[[Heian'nan-dō]]||{{lang|ja|平安南道}}||{{lang|ja|へいあんなんどう}}||[[South Pyongan Province|Pyeongannam-do]]||{{lang|ko|평안남도}}
|-
|[[Kōgen-dō]]||{{lang|ja|江原道}}||{{lang|ja|こうげんどう}}||[[Gangwon (historical province)|Gangwon-do]]||{{lang|ko|강원도}}
|-
|[[Kōkai-dō]]||{{lang|ja|黃海道}}||{{lang|ja|こうかいどう}}||[[Hwanghae|Hwanghae-do]]||{{lang|ko|황해도}}
|-
|[[Kankyōhoku-dō]]||{{lang|ja|咸鏡北道}}||{{lang|ja|かんきょうほくどう}}||[[North Hamgyong Province|Hamgyeongbuk-do]]||{{lang|ko|함경북도}}
|-
|[[Kankyōnan-dō]]||{{lang|ja|咸鏡南道}}||{{lang|ja|かんきょうなんどう}}||[[South Hamgyong Province|Hamgyeongnam-do]]||{{lang|ko|함경남도}}
|-
|[[Zenranan-dō]]||{{lang|ja|全羅南道}}||{{lang|ja|ぜんらなんどう}}||[[South Jeolla Province|Jeollanam-do]]||{{lang|ko|전라남도}}
|-
|[[Zenrahoku-dō]]||{{lang|ja|全羅北道}}||{{lang|ja|ぜんらほくどう}}||[[North Jeolla Province|Jeollabuk-do]]||{{lang|ko|전라북도}}
|-
|[[Keiki-dō]]||{{lang|ja|京畿道}}||{{lang|ja|けいきどう}}||[[Gyeonggi Province|Gyeonggi-do]]||{{lang|ko|경기도}}
|}
==Provincial divisions since the division of Korea==
{{main|Provinces of North Korea|Provinces of South Korea}}
{{see also|Administrative divisions of North Korea|Special cities of North Korea|Administrative divisions of South Korea|Special cities of South Korea}}
[[File:Provinces of Korea-en.svg|thumb|Provinces of North and South Korea]]
At the end of [[World War II]] in 1945, Korea was divided into Northern Korea and Southern Korea under trusteeship of the [[Soviet Union]] and the [[United States]]. The peninsula was divided at the [[38th parallel north|38th parallel]] in 1945. In 1948, the two zones became the independent countries of [[North Korea]] and [[South Korea]].
Three provinces—Hwanghae, Gyeonggi, and Gangwon—were divided by the 38th parallel.
*Most of Hwanghae Province belonged to the Northern zone. The southern portion became part of [[Gyeonggi Province]] in the south.
*Most of Gyeonggi Province belonged to the Southern zone. In 1946, the northern portion became part of [[Hwanghae Province]] in the north.
*Gangwon Province was divided roughly in half, to form modern-day [[Gangwon Province (South Korea)|Gangwon Province in South Korea]] and [[Kangwon Province (North Korea)|Kangwon Province in North Korea]]. The northern province is expanded in 1946 to include some area around the city of [[Wonsan]] (Originally part of [[South Hamgyong Province]])
Also in 1946, the cities of [[Seoul]] in the south and [[Pyongyang]] in the north separated from Gyeonggi and South Pyongan Provinces respectively to become Special Cities. Both [[North Korea]] and [[South Korea]] have subsequently upgraded other cities to a level equal to a province, and these cities ([[special cities of North Korea]] and [[special cities of South Korea]] [''qq.v.'']) are sometimes counted along with provinces.
Finally, the new provinces of [[Jeju Province]] (in the south, in 1946) and [[Chagang Province]] (in the north, 1949) were formed, from parts of South Jeolla and North Pyongan respectively. In 1954, [[Ryanggang Province]] was split from South Hamgyong and Hwanghae was divided into [[North Hwanghae Province|North]] and [[South Hwanghae Province]]s.
The following table lists the present provincial divisions in the [[Korean Peninsula]].
{|class="wikitable sortable"
![[Revised Romanization of Korean|RR]] Romaja!![[McCune–Reischauer|M–R]] Romaja!![[Hangul|Hangul/Chosongul]]!![[Hanja]]!!ISO!!Type
!Area!!Capital!![[Regions of Korea|Region]]!!Country
|-
|[[Busan]]||[[Busan|Pusan]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|부산시}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|釜山市}}</span>||KR-26||City
|align=right|767||[[Yeonje District|Yeonje]]||[[Yeongnam]]||[[South Korea]]
|-
|[[North Chungcheong Province|<span style="display:none">Chungcheongbuk</span>North Chungcheong]]||[[North Chungcheong Province|<span style="display:none">Chungchongbuk</span>North Ch'ungch'ŏng]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|충청북도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|忠清北道}}</span>||KR-43||Province
|align=right|7,436||[[Cheongju]]||[[Hoseo]]||[[South Korea]]
|-
|[[South Chungcheong Province|<span style="display:none">Chungcheongnam</span>South Chungcheong]]||[[South Chungcheong Province|<span style="display:none">Chungchongnam</span>South Ch'ungch'ŏng]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|충청남도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|忠清南道}}</span>||KR-44||Province
|align=right|8,352||[[Hongseong]]||[[Hoseo]]||[[South Korea]]
|-
|[[Daegu]]||[[Daegu|Taegu]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|대구시}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|大邱市}}</span>||KR-27||City
|align=right|884||[[Jung District, Daegu|Jung]]||[[Yeongnam]]||[[South Korea]]
|-
|[[Daejeon]]||[[Daejeon|Taejŏn]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|대전시}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|大田市}}</span>||KR-30||City
|align=right|539||[[Seo District, Daejeon|Seo]]||[[Hoseo]]||[[South Korea]]
|-
|[[Gangwon Province (South Korea)|Gangwon]]||[[Gangwon Province (South Korea)|Kangwŏn]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|강원도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|江原道}}</span>||KR-42||Province
|align=right|16,894||[[Chuncheon]]||[[Gwandong]]||[[South Korea]]
|-
|[[Kangwon Province (North Korea)|Gangwon]]||[[Kangwon Province (North Korea)|Kangwŏn]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|강원도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|江原道}}</span>||KP-07||Province
|align=right|11,091||[[Wonsan]]||[[Gwandong]]||[[North Korea]]
|-
|[[Gwangju]]||[[Gwangju|Kwangju]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|광주시}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|光州市}}</span>||KR-29||City
|align=right|501||[[Seo District, Gwangju|Seo]]||[[Honam]]||[[South Korea]]
|-
|[[Gyeonggi Province|Gyeonggi]]||[[Gyeonggi Province|Kyŏnggi]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|경기도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|京畿道}}</span>||KR-41||Province
|align=right|10,131||[[Suwon]]||[[Seoul Capital Area|Sudogwon]]||[[South Korea]]
|-
|[[North Gyeongsang Province|<span style="display:none">Gyeongsangbuk</span>North Gyeongsang]]||[[North Gyeongsang Province|<span style="display:none">Kyongsangbuk</span>North Kyŏngsang]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|경상북도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|慶尙北道}}</span>||KR-47||Province
|align=right|19,440||[[Andong]]||[[Yeongnam]]||[[South Korea]]
|-
|[[South Gyeongsang Province|<span style="display:none">Gyeongsangnam</span>South Gyeongsang]]||[[South Gyeongsang Province|<span style="display:none">Kyongsangnam</span>South Kyŏngsang]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|경상남도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|慶尙南道}}</span>||KR-48||Province
|align=right|11,859||[[Changwon]]||[[Yeongnam]]||[[South Korea]]
|-
|[[North Hamgyong Province|<span style="display:none">Hamgyongbuk</span>North Hamgyeong]]||[[North Hamgyong Province|<span style="display:none">Hamgyongbuk</span>North Hamgyŏng]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|함경북도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|咸鏡北道}}</span>||KP-09||Province
|align=right|15,980||[[Chongjin]]||[[Kwanbuk]]||[[North Korea]]
|-
|[[South Hamgyong Province|<span style="display:none">Hamgyongnam</span>South Hamgyeong]]||[[South Hamgyong Province|<span style="display:none">Hamgyongnam</span>South Hamgyŏng]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|함경남도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|咸鏡南道}}</span>||KP-08||Province
|align=right|18,534||[[Hamhung]]||[[Kwannam]]||[[North Korea]]
|-
|[[North Hwanghae Province|<span style="display:none">Hwanghaebuk</span>North Hwanghae]]
||[[North Hwanghae Province|<span style="display:none">Hwanghaebuk</span>North Hwanghae]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|황해북도}}</span>
||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|黃海北道}}</span>
||KP-06
||Province
|align=right|8,154
||[[Sariwon]]
||[[Hwanghae|Haeso]]
||[[North Korea]]
|-
|[[South Hwanghae Province|<span style="display:none">Hwanghaenam</span>South Hwanghae]]
||[[South Hwanghae Province|<span style="display:none">Hwanghaenam</span>South Hwanghae]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|황해남도}}</span>
||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|黃海南道}}</span>
||KP-05
||Province
|align=right|8,450
||[[Haeju]]
||[[Hwanghae|Haeso]]
||[[North Korea]]
|-
|[[Incheon]]||[[Incheon|Inch'ŏn]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|인천시}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|仁川市}}</span>||KR-28||City
|align=right|1,029||[[Namdong District|Namdong]]||[[Seoul Capital Area|Sudogwon]]||[[South Korea]]
|-
|[[Chagang Province|Jagang]]||[[Chagang Province|Chagang]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|자강도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|慈江道}}</span>||KP-04||Province
|align=right|16,765||[[Kanggye]]||[[Pyongan|Kwanso]]||[[North Korea]]
|-
|[[Jeju Province|Jeju]]||[[Jeju Province|Cheju]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|제주도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|濟州道}}</span>||KR-49||Province
|align=right|1,846||[[Jeju City]]||[[Jeju Province|Jejudo]]||[[South Korea]]
|-
|[[North Jeolla Province|<span style="display:none">Jeollabuk</span>North Jeolla]]||[[North Jeolla Province|<span style="display:none">Jeollabuk</span>North Chŏlla]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|전북특별자치도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|全北特別自治道}}</span>||KR-45||Province
|align=right|8,043||[[Jeonju]]||[[Honam]]||[[South Korea]]
|-
|[[South Jeolla Province|<span style="display:none">Jeollanam</span>South Jeolla]]||[[South Jeolla Province|<span style="display:none">Chollanam</span>South Chŏlla]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|전라남도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|全羅南道}}</span>||KR-46||Province
|align=right|11,858||[[Muan]]||[[Honam]]||[[South Korea]]
|-
|[[Nampo]]||[[Nampo|Namp'o]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|남포시}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|南浦市}}</span>||KP-??||City
|align=right|829||[[Kangso-guyok|Kangsŏ]]||[[Pyongan|Kwanso]]||[[North Korea]]
|-
|[[Rason|Naseon]]||[[Rason|Rasŏn]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|나선시/라선시}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|羅先市}}</span>||KP-13||City
|align=right|746||[[Rajin-guyok|Rajin]]||[[Kwanbuk]]||[[North Korea]]
|-
|[[North Pyongan Province|<span style="display:none">Pyeonganbuk</span>North Pyeongan]]||[[North Pyongan Province|<span style="display:none">Pyonganbuk</span>North P'yŏngan]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|평안북도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|平安北道}}</span>||KP-03||Province
|align=right|12,680||[[Sinuiju]]||[[Pyongan|Kwanso]]||[[North Korea]]
|-
|[[South Pyongan Province|<span style="display:none">Pyeongannam</span>South Pyeongan]]||[[South Pyongan Province|<span style="display:none">Pyongannam</span>South P'yŏngan]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|평안남도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|平安南道}}</span>||KP-02||Province
|align=right|11,891||[[Pyongsong]]||[[Pyongan|Kwanso]]||[[North Korea]]
|-
|[[Pyongyang|Pyeongyang]]||[[Pyongyang|P'yŏngyang]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|평양시}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|平壤市}}</span>||KP-01||City
|align=right|1,100||[[Chung-guyok|Chung]]||[[Pyongan|Kwanso]]||[[North Korea]]
|-
|[[Kaesong|Gaeseong]]||[[Kaesong|Kaesŏng]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|개성시}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|開城市}}</span>||none||City
|align=right|442||[[Kaepung County|Kaepung]]||[[Haeso]]||[[North Korea]]
|-
|[[Ryanggang Province|Yanggang]]||[[Ryanggang Province|Ryanggang]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|양강도/량강도}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|兩江道}}</span>||KP-10||Province
|align=right|13,880||[[Hyesan]]||[[Kwannam]]||[[North Korea]]
|-
|[[Sejong City|Sejong]]||[[Sejong City|Sejong]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|세종시}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|世宗市}}</span>||KR-50||City
|align=right|465||[[Hansol-dong|Hansol]]||[[Hoseo]]||[[South Korea]]
|-
|[[Seoul]]||[[Seoul|Sŏul]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|서울시}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|서울市}}</span><sup>[1]</sup>||KR-11||City
|align=right|605||[[Jung District, Seoul|Jung]]||[[Seoul Capital Area|Sudogwon]]||[[South Korea]]
|-
|[[Ulsan]]||[[Ulsan]]
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|울산시}}</span>||<span style="font-size:125%;">{{lang|ko|蔚山市}}</span>||KR-31||City
|align=right|1,057||[[Nam District, Ulsan|Nam]]||[[Yeongnam]]||[[South Korea]]
|}
;Notes: <sup>1</sup> See [[Names of Seoul]].
==See also==
*[[List of South Korean regions by GDP]]
*[[List of provinces of Balhae]]
==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
=== Sources ===
* Nahm, Andrew C. (1988). ''Korea: Tradition and Transformation - A History of the Korean People.'' Elizabeth, NJ: Hollym International.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060221085149/http://home.opentown.net/~hy10004/%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EC%95%BC%EA%B8%B0/%EA%B3%A0%EB%A0%A4%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80%EC%9D%98%EC%A7%80%EB%B0%A9%EC%A0%9C%EB%8F%84%EC%99%80%EA%B9%80%EC%A0%9C.htm Nahm 1988] (in Korean).
==External links==
* {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020219095700/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/s/s_kp.htm |title=Map of North Korea – World-Gazetteer.com}}
* {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020525033220/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/s/s_kr.htm |title=Map of South Korea – World-Gazetteer.com}}
[[Category:Provinces of Korea| ]]
[[Category:Korea geography-related lists|Provinces]]
[[Category:Lists of administrative divisions|Korea]]
[[Category:Subdivisions of Korea]]
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