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{{S|film drammatici}}

{{T|lingua=inglese|argomento=cinema|data=giugno 2008}}

{{Film

{{S|film}}

|titolo = Se....

{{Film|

titoloitaliano|immagine = Se....JPG

|didascalia = Una scena del film

|titolooriginale = If...

|titolo originale = If....

|nomepaese = [[Gran Bretagna]]

|lingua originale = [[Lingua inglese|inglese]] e [[Lingua latina|latino]]

|annoproduzione = [[1968]]

|paese = [[Regno Unito]]

|durata = 111'

|anno uscita = 1968

|tipocolore = colore, B/N

|tipo colore = misto

|tipoaudio = sonoro

|aspect ratio = 1,66:1

|nomegenere = drammatico

|genere = Drammatico

|nomeregista = [[Lindsay Anderson]]

|regista = [[Lindsay Anderson]]

|nomesoggetto = [[David Sherwin]] e [[John Howlett]]

|nomesceneggiatoresoggetto = [[David Sherwin]] e [[John Howlett]]

|sceneggiatore = David Sherwin

|nomeattori =

|produttore = Lindsay Anderson, [[Michael Medwin]] e [[Albert Finney]] (non accreditato)

*[[Malcolm McDowell]] : Mick Travis

|produttore esecutivo = [[Roy Baird]] (non accreditato)

*[[David Wood]] : Johnny

|casa produzione = [[Memorial Enterprises]]

*[[Richard Warwick]] : Wallace

|casa distribuzione italiana = [[Paramount Pictures]]

*[[Christine Noonan]] : La ragazza

|attori =

*[[Rupert Webster]] : Bobby Phillips

*[[RobertMalcolm SwannMcDowell]] : RowntreeMick Travis

*[[David Wood (attore)|David Wood]]: Johnny

|nomefotografo = [[Miroslav Ondrícek]]

*[[Richard Warwick]]: Wallace

|nomemontaggio = [[David Gladwell]]

*[[Christine Noonan]]: la ragazza

|nomeeffettispeciali =

*[[Rupert Webster]]: Bobby Philips

|nomemusicista = [[Marc Wilkinson]]

*[[Robert Swann]]: Rowntree

|nomescenografo = [[Jocelyn Herbert]] e [[Brian Eatwell]]

*[[Hugh Thomas]]: Denson

|nomepremi =*[[Palma d'Oro]] al [[Festival di Cannes]] [[1969]]

*[[Michael Cadman]]: Fortinbras

*[[Peter Sproule]]: Barnes

*[[Peter Jeffrey]]: preside

*[[Guy Ross]]: Stephans

*[[Anthony Nicholls]]: generale Denson

*[[Arthur Lowe]]: signor Kemp

*[[Mona Washbourne]]: Matron

*[[Mary MacLeod|Mary Macleod]]: signora Kemp

*[[Geoffrey Chater]]: Chaplain

*[[Ben Aris]]: John Thomas

|doppiatori italiani =

*[[Ferruccio Amendola]]: Mick Travis

*[[Franco Aloisi]]: Johnny

*[[Luigi Diberti]]: Wallace

*[[Angelo Nicotra]]: Bobby Philips

*[[Cesare Barbetti]]: Rowntree

*[[Gianfranco Bellini]]: Denson

*[[Pino Locchi]]: preside

*[[Luigi La Monica]]: Stephans

*[[Corrado Gaipa]]: signor Kemp

|fotografo = [[Miroslav Ondříček]]

|montatore = [[David Gladwell]]

|effetti speciali = [[Pat Moore (effetti speciali)|Pat Moore]] (non accreditato)

|musicista = [[Marc Wilkinson]]

|scenografo = [[Jocelyn Herbert]]

|costumista =

|truccatore = [[Betty Blattner]] e [[Allan McKeown]]

}}

'''''Se....''''' (''If....'') è un [[film]] del [[1968]] diretto da [[Lindsay Anderson]],. Il film vincitoreha dellavinto la [[Palma d'Orooro]] come miglior film al [[Festival di Cannes]] [[1969]].<ref>{{cita web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/archives/1969/allAward.html|titolo=Awards 1969|editore=festival-cannes.fr|accesso=14 giugno 2011|lingua=en}}</ref>

È il primo film della trilogia dedicata da Anderson al [[personaggio immaginario]] di [[Mick Travis]]. Gli altri due titoli sono ''[[O Lucky Man!]]'' e ''[[Britannia Hospital]]''.

== Trama ==

Synopsis

Regno Unito. Gli studenti tornano a scuola dopo le vacanze estive per un nuovo trimestre in un tradizionale collegio britannico maschile alla fine degli anni '60. Mick Travis arriva cercando di nascondere i baffi, che poi si rade in fretta. Lui, Wallace e Knightly sono tre studenti anticonformisti del penultimo anno, costantemente sorvegliati e perseguitati dai "Whips", gli studenti più grandi che, in qualità di prefetti, esercitano un potere arbitrario sui più giovani. Questi ultimi vengono trattati come servitori personali e oggetto di conversazioni sessuali tra i Whips.

Il preside è distante dagli studenti e poco coinvolto nella gestione della scuola, mentre il loro responsabile di casa, il signor Kemp, è facilmente manipolabile e lascia che i Whips gestiscano la disciplina senza interferenze. Alcuni insegnanti, invece, si comportano in modo stravagante e fuori luogo. Mick e Johnny scappano dai terreni della scuola e rubano una moto da una concessionaria. Raggiungono un bar gestito da una ragazza senza nome, su cui Mick fantastica in una scena di lotta nuda. Nel frattempo, Wallace passa del tempo con un ragazzo più giovane, Bobby Philips, e poi condivide il letto con lui. Nel loro studio, i tre amici bevono vodka e riflettono su come un singolo uomo possa "cambiare il mondo con un proiettile al posto giusto". I loro scontri con le autorità scolastiche si fanno sempre più accesi, fino a quando una brutale punizione corporale inflitta dai Whips li spinge a reagire.

The film is set in an English public school (To be precise, Cheltenham College). Mick Travis (Malcolm McDowell) is one of three non-conformist boys among the returning class. They are watched and persecuted by the "Whips", senior boys given authority as prefects over junior boys. The prefects are entitled to the services of "Scum", who are first-year boys assigned to run errands, make tea, and generally act as unpaid servants. The film makes reference upon the tradition of "fagging" in English public schools during the 1960s and before. Among the duties given to Scum in this film is the job of warming up a toilet seat for a Whip.

Durante un’esercitazione militare del Combined Cadet Force, Mick riesce a procurarsi munizioni vere, che lui, Wallace e Knightly usano per sparare contro un gruppo di studenti e insegnanti, tra cui Kemp e il cappellano della scuola. Quest’ultimo tenta di farli arrendere, ma Mick lo aggredisce e lo costringe al silenzio. Per punizione, il preside ordina loro di ripulire un grande magazzino sotto la sala principale della scuola. Qui scoprono un arsenale di armi automatiche e mortai. Insieme a Philips e alla ragazza del bar, decidono di ribellarsi definitivamente al sistema.

The early part of the film shows scenes in the school as the pupils return at the start of a new term. Mick Travis, the protagonist, arrives back at school with a suitcase on his shoulder, wearing a black hat, and a black scarf across his face to hide his moustache. The scene is reminiscent of Alfred Hitchcock's The Lodger[citation needed]. Rowntree asks him, "Who are you supposed to be, "Guy Fawkes?" hinting at the conclusion of the film. Rowntree is the Head Whip (Robert Swann), and he revels in his power, ordering the junior boys to "Run! Run in the corridor!"

Il giorno della Festa del Fondatore, con i genitori in visita, appiccano un incendio sotto la sala, costringendo tutti a evacuare. Poi, dal tetto, aprono il fuoco su studenti, insegnanti e genitori. Un generale in visita, che stava tenendo un discorso, organizza la resistenza: armando il personale e gli studenti con le armi dell’accademia militare, dà il via a una battaglia aperta. Il preside cerca di fermare lo scontro, supplicando il gruppo di ragionare, ma la ragazza gli spara in mezzo agli occhi. Il combattimento continua. La telecamera si avvicina al volto di Mick mentre continua a sparare.

The film is a study of rebellion against an autocracy that denies individual freedom,[citation needed] a rebellion symbolized by Travis asking "When do we live?" Mick has an affair with a local waitress and Wallace finds adolescent romance with Bobby Philips, a junior boy, whom he takes to bed. They indulge in self-inflicted ordeals, such as seeing how long they can hold a plastic bag over their faces.

== Produzione ==

However, these scenes are shot through with surreal elements such as some scenes being shot in black and white, this was not for dramatic emphasis as people presumed but simply because the huge windows at the college gave off obstructing light that effected the camera lenses. After the first evening meal, the Whips conduct some of the more mundane business of the school, signing up boys for "Confirmation class," and "VD clinic." Each boy has to lower his pants so the school nurse can inspect his genitals, as was typical at 1960s public schools.

{{...|film drammatici}}

original lobbycard

==Distribuzione==

These early scenes show the school's customs and traditions. The Headmaster, played by Peter Jeffrey, is somewhat remote from the boys and the House Masters. Arthur Lowe, as Mick's House Master Mr. Kemp, is told "I'll have to get back to you on that" when he brings things to the Headmaster's attention. Kemp himself is easily manipulated by the Whips into giving them a free hand in enforcing discipline.

{{L|film|marzo 2021|Perché solo la distribuzione in Italia?}}

=== Edizione italiana ===

Il film è uscito in Italia in due edizioni. La prima nel dicembre 1968, tagliato di circa 10 minuti, col divieto ai minori di 14 anni. La seconda nel maggio 1969, in versione integrale e senza divieti. I distributori italiani lo rimisero in circolazione pubblicizzandolo come vincitore al [[Festival di Cannes]]. Non è mai uscito in home video in Italia fino al 2018 quando la casa Golem lo fece uscire rimasterizzato in HD.

== Accoglienza ==

The film then concentrates on Mick's group and their clashes with the school authorities. Mick and his friends are subject to ever-escalating punishments, until one by one they are given a beating with a cane by Rowntree. Mick's beating is especially severe, yet tradition demands that he shake hands with Rowntree and say, "Thank you, Rowntree."

{{...|film drammatici}}

Il film di Lindsay Anderson vinse la Palma d'oro al [[Festival di Cannes 1968|Festival di Cannes.]]

Inoltre il film è stato menzionato da [[Stanley Kubrick]] tra i suoi 93 film preferiti.

At the end, in a surreal sequence, they discover a cache of automatic weapons, and revolt against the establishment. On Founders' Day when parents are visiting the school, they start a fire under the hall, smoke out the parents, staff and boys, and open fire on them from a rooftop. Led by the visiting General who was giving the speech, the staff and boys break open the Combined Cadet Force armoury and fire back. The Headmaster, representing the benign face of modern tyranny, tries to stop the firefight and call for peace. Mick's girl, who is on the roof with them, produces a revolver from her belt and shoots him through the forehead. The battle continues, and the camera closes in on Mick's face as he keeps firing, ending the movie with a blackout and an echo of gunfire with the film's title "if...." emblazoned in red on the screen.

Quest'ultimo lavorerà con [[Malcolm McDowell|McDowell]] l'anno seguente in [[Arancia meccanica|Arancia Meccanica.]]

== Riconoscimenti ==

[edit] Production and locations

* [[BAFTA Awards 1969|1969]] - '''[[BAFTA Awards]]'''

**Candidatura come ''[[BAFTA al miglior regista|miglior regista]]'' a [[Lindsay Anderson]]

**Candidatura per la ''[[BAFTA alla migliore sceneggiatura|migliore sceneggiatura]]'' a [[David Sherwin]]

* [[Festival di Cannes 1969|1969]] - '''[[Festival di Cannes]]'''

**''[[Palma d'oro]]'' a [[Lindsay Anderson]]

* [[Golden Globes 1970|1970]] - '''[[Golden Globe]]'''

**Candidatura come ''[[Golden Globe per il miglior film straniero|miglior film straniero]]''

* [[National Society of Film Critics Awards 1970|1970]] - '''[[National Society of Film Critics Awards]]'''

**Candidatura per la ''miglior fotografia'' a [[Miroslav Ondříček]]

Nel 1999 il [[British Film Institute]] l'ha inserito al 12º posto della [[BFI 100|lista dei migliori cento film britannici del XX secolo]].<ref name=BFI>{{cita web|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/bfi100/11-20.html|titolo=The BFI 100|accesso=18 giugno 2008|lingua=en|urlmorto=sì|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20040603080611/http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/bfi100/11-20.html|dataarchivio=3 giugno 2004}}</ref>

David Sherwin's original title for the screenplay was Crusaders. In 1960, he and his friend and co-writer John Howlett took it to Seth Holt, a veteran Ealing Comedy film editor who at the time was breaking into direction with Hammer Studios, for which he would go on to direct several classics. Holt felt unqualified to direct but offered to produce Crusaders. They also took it to Sherwin's hero, Rebel Without a Cause director Nicholas Ray, who liked it but had a nervous breakdown before anything came of it. Holt introduced Sherwin to Anderson in a Soho pub. [1]

== Note ==

The school was Lindsay's old alma mater Cheltenham College, Gloucestershire, but this was not revealed as part of the agreement needed to shoot there. The students who appeared in the film were actual students from the school, who were not paid, but just fed and given a class by the film crew.

<references />

Aldenham School in Elstree, Hertfordshire was used for later scenes filmed after previous summer commitments prevented further shooting at Cheltenham.

The J&H Packhorse Cafe no longer exists. It was originally on the A5 just south of Dunstable in Bedfordshire (near the village of Markyate) and not in the Cheltenham area as originally thought.

The sweat room scenes were filmed at Aldenham School (though they were redesigned for the film).

The painting in the dining hall is Aldenham School' founder, Richard Platt. The Hall scene was an amalgamation of both school halls at Cheltenham and Aldenham.

Anderson originally approached Charterhouse School for permission to shoot the film; negotiations were going well until the school discovered the content of the film and pulled out.

The outside shots of the school including the final showdown on the roof were that of Sherborne School, Dorset. This included shots of Sherborne Abbey.

The speech day interior was filmed inside St John's Church on Albion Street, Cheltenham. The church was eventually demolished.

The motorbike shop was in Shepherd's Bush, London.

Much is said of the film's use of black and white sequences. In the audio commentary to the 2007 DVD release, Malcolm McDowell confirmed that lighting the chapel scenes for colour filming would take much longer than they would if they were lit for black and white.[2] The time they could use the school chapel was limited, so Anderson opted to shoot those scenes not in colour. Liking the effect this gave, he then decided to shoot other sequences in black and white to improve the 'texture' of the film. As a child, he was impressed watching a gangster film which started in black and white and then turned to colour.[3]

The other disputed reason for the mixed use of black/white and colour was due to the film's limited budget, therefore requiring shots towards the end of filming to be done in black and white.

[edit] Sources and influence

The film's surrealist sequences have been compared to Jean Vigo's French classic Zéro de conduite (1933). Anderson acknowledged an influence, and described how he arranged a viewing of the film with his screenwriters, David Sherwin and John Howlett at an early stage in production planning, though in his view the Vigo film's influence on "if..." was structural rather than merely cosmetic. "Seeing Vigo's film gave us the idea and also the confidence to proceed with the kind of scene-structure that we devised for the first part of the film particularly."[4]

A single piece of music recurs in the film, the "Sanctus" from the Missa Luba. This version of the Latin Mass in African style, sung by a choir of Congolese children, had been on the UK Singles Chart in the 1960s.

The final gun battle was parodied in a 1970 episode of Monty Python's Flying Circus entitled "It's A Living (or: School Prizes)." The parody is presented as "If" - a film by Mr Dibley", in which Dibley is played by Terry Jones.

The 1994 Japanese video game Shin Megami Tensei if... was named after the movie. The game is about a school that is drawn in a realm of demons, and the game uses the same font as the movie for the "if..." part of its title.

==Riconoscimenti==

Nel [[1999]] il [[British Film Institute]] l'ha inserito al 12° posto della [[BFI 100|lista dei migliori cento film britannici del XX secolo]].<ref name=BFI>{{cita web|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/bfi100/11-20.html|titolo=The BFI 100| accesso=18-6-2008|lingua=en}}</ref>

==Note==

{{references}}

== Collegamenti esterni ==

* {{imdb|0063850Collegamenti esterni}}

{{Controllo di autorità}}

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