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{{Short description|District in Lima, Peru}}
{{about|the district in Lima, Peru|other uses|Santa María del Mar (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Santa María del Mar
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = es<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "es" for Spanish -->
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Peru|District]]
| image_skyline = Santa María del Mar 2.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Santa María beach
| image_flag =
| flag_alt =
| image_shield =
| shield_alt =
| nickname = [[Capri]] of South America
| image_map = Map of Lima highlighting Santa María del Mar.PNG
| mapsize = frameless
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location of Santa María del Mar District in [[Lima Province]]
| coordinates = {{coord|12|25|S|76|47|W|region:PE_type:adm3rd|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Peru}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Peru|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Lima Region|Lima]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Peru|Province]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lima Province|Lima]]
| parts_type = [[Subnational entity|Subdivisions]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = January 16, 1962<ref name=Historia>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stamariadelmar.gob.pe/content/historia |title=Historia |website=Municipalidad de Santa María del Mar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108112259/http://www.stamariadelmar.gob.pe/content/historia |archive-date=2011-11-08 |url-status=dead |last=Uribe Flores |first=Iván |year=1991}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stamariadelmar.gob.pe/sites/default/files/Leydecreaciondistritosantamariadelmar.pdf |title=Ley N° 13888: Creación del Distrito de Santa María del Mar |website=Municipalidad de Santa María del Mar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603031831/http://www.stamariadelmar.gob.pe/sites/default/files/Leydecreaciondistritosantamariadelmar.pdf |archive-date=2014-06-03 |last=Prado |first=Manuel |author-link=Manuel Prado y Ugarteche}}</ref>
| seat_type = [[Capital (political)|Capital]]
| seat = Santa María del Mar
| leader_party =
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = Alberto Monteverde<br> <small>(2023-2026)</small>
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 9.81
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.minsa.gob.pe/reunis/data/poblacion_estimada.asp|title=Estadística Poblacional - Ministerio de Salud del Perú}}</ref>
| population_total = {{commas|1251}}
| population_as_of = 2023
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note =
| timezone1 = [[Time in Peru|PET]]
| utc_offset1 = -5
| blank_name_sec1 = [[UBIGEO]]
| blank_info_sec1 = 150138
| website = [https://www.munisantamariadelmar.gob.pe/ Santa María del Mar]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Santa María del Mar''' ({{langx|es|Distrito de Santa María del Mar}}) is a [[district]] in southern [[Lima Province]] in [[Peru]]. It is bordered by the [[Pacific Ocean]] on the west, the district of [[San Bartolo District|San Bartolo]] on the north, the [[Chilca District, Cañete|Chilca District]] of the [[Cañete Province]] on the east, and the [[Pucusana District]] on the south.
It is well known for its beaches and attracts many beachgoers every summer. Many of them also rent apartments during this season, making its population increase considerably. The district has some restaurants and a club with a large seawater swimming pool. The most popular beaches in the district are ''Santa María'' (also known as ''Playa Grande'') and ''Embajadores''.<ref>[[#Jamis|Jamis 2022]], p. 3</ref>
==History==
[[Image:Street in santa maria del mar.jpg|thumb|left|Street in Santa María del Mar]]
The land upon which the district was built was originally known as Curayacu–Poza de Santa María,<ref name=Historia/><ref name=Esmeralda>{{Cite journal |title=50 Años de la Municipalidad de Santa María del Mar |journal=Revista Oficial del Club Esmeralda |url=https://www.clubesmeralda.org.pe/archivos/revistas/REVISTA%202011.pdf |date=2011-12-01}}</ref> originally an archeological site with remains dating back to the era of the [[Incan Empire]] and before. The site was visited by archeologists {{ill|Frederic Engel|es|Frederic Engel}}, from [[Switzerland]], and Bernardino Ojeda, from Peru, in the 1960s. The remains unearthed in the area were estimated to date back to 4,500 years ago and belonging to [[hunter-gatherer]] cultures who fished in the area and dried their food in the desert in order to take it to the [[Sierra (Peru)|''Sierra'']] for thousands of years. Also found in the area were [[Ceramic art|ceramics]], now in possession of the [[National Agrarian University|''Centro de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas'']] (CIZA), and the remains of a rustic temple in the south. These newer findings are alleged to have belonged to the [[Ichma culture|Yschma people]], which later merged with the Incas. Supporting these claims was the discovery of a cemetery belonging to said culture during construction work in Embajadores beach. A protected area by the [[Ministry of Culture (Peru)|Ministry of Culture]] now exists known as ''Sector A''.<ref>[[#Jamis|Jamis 2022]], Chapter II: Antiguos ancestros</ref>
After the success of the [[Liberal Republic|Chilean]] [[Tacna and Arica campaign|land campaign]] in [[Tacna Province|Tacna]] and [[Arica Province (Peru)|Arica]] during the [[War of the Pacific]], the [[Chilean Army]] launched [[Lima campaign|another land campaign]] in December 1880 in order to take [[Lima]]. Once the Chilean troops reached [[Pisco, Peru|Pisco]], General [[Manuel Baquedano]] split his troops into two groups: one part headed for [[Lurín River|Lurín Valley]], and the other would continue north toward Lima. The latter reached Curayacu on December 24 of the same year, establishing a campsite in the Santa María area the day after and later leaving for Lurín. This was accomplished due to the Peruvians' lack of knowledge of the area, which the Chileans took advantage of. As a result, over 19,000 soldiers disembarked on Embajadores beach.<ref name=Ch3>[[#Jamis|Jamis 2022]], Chapter III: Visita inesperada</ref><ref name=Ch4>[[#Jamis|Jamis 2022]], Chapter IV: Santa María en los derroteros de la Marina</ref>
In the decades following the war, the area of Santa María—then part of [[Chilca District, Cañete|Chilca]]—became known as the [[Cove|''caletita'']] used by the Chileans to reach Lima, being described as such in {{ill|Germán Stiglich|es|Germán Stiglich|lt=Germán Stiglich's}} 1922 ''Geographic Dictionary of Peru''.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Diccionario Geográfico del Perú |last=Stiglich |first=Germán |publisher=Imprenta Torres Aguirre |year=1922 |___location=Lima |pages=324 |language=es}}</ref> The name given to the ''caleta'' by local fishermen as a result of the association to the 1880 landing, "''Caleta de los chilenos''" (''Caleta'' of the Chileans), was [[Language change|bastardised]] into "''Caleta de los chilcanos''" (''Caleta'' of the Chilca locals).<ref name=Ch4/>
[[File:Santa María del Mar 3.JPG|thumb|280px|right|Part of house in Santa María del Mar]]
The area, by now part of [[San Bartolo District]], was the focus of two [[Concession (contract)|concessions]], with the first one taking place on January 30, 1943, granted by the [[Ministry of Defense (Peru)|Ministry of the Navy]] to Luis Debernardi Dávila for 10 years, concerning what was known as a 25 [[Hectare|ha]] area in ''Posa de Santa María'' beach to be used for [[fish farming]]. The second took place on June 13, 1943, granted by the [[Ministry of Development (Peru)|Ministry of Development]] to architect [[Fernando Belaúnde Terry]] in order to establish a ''[[balneario]]'' in the area.<ref name=Historia/><ref name=Ch5>[[#Jamis|Jamis 2022]], Chapter V: En busca del sol del sur</ref> both concessions were transferred to Elías and Eugelio Fernandini Clotet on October 18, 1945, with one being reworked to include the development of a [[yacht club]] and the use of the beaches to promote fishing and [[List of water sports|maritime sports]].<ref name=Ch5/>
In 1950, Elías Fernandini brought a [[pine]] [[seed]] from [[French Fourth Republic|France]] and planted it in the entrance of the district (it later died in late 2022). The species ([[Araucaria heterophylla|''A. excelsa'']]) is native to [[Norfolk Island]] and over 400 trees of the same type adorn the district.<ref>[[#Jamis|Jamis 2022]], Chapter VI: Araucarias excelsas</ref> 8 years later, [[Walter Weberhofer]], a Peruvian architect of Austrian descent won a contest to begin the development of a yacht club, which later came to be known as ''Club Esmeralda''. Weberhofer's work was later called by the [[United States|American]] [[National Association of Home Builders]] as the "''[[Capri]] of South America''".<ref>[[#Jamis|Jamis 2022]], Chapter VII: Arquitecto del futuro (text by Heinz Weberhofer Bobbio)</ref>
The area soon became the birthplace of the local [[jet set]] culture, with locals from Lima visiting or establishing themselves in the district. International visitors were also attracted, with visitors that included then [[Prince of Spain]], [[Juan Carlos I]].<ref>[[#Jamis|Jamis 2022]], Chapter VII: Punto de partido: la tendencia del jet set limeño</ref>
The district's first mayor was Aurelio Yrigoyen Rodrigo, whose tenure started in 1962. He was succeeded by 5 other mayors up until 2011, and 3 more since then.<ref name=Esmeralda/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blog.pucp.edu.pe/fernandotuesta/files/1963-2014%20Alcaldes%20Distritales%20Lima.pdf |title=RELACION DE ALCALDES DE LOS DISTRITOS DE LIMA (1964-2014) |website=[[Pontifical Catholic University of Peru|Blog PUCP]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304202233/http://blog.pucp.edu.pe/fernandotuesta/files/1963-2014%20Alcaldes%20Distritales%20Lima.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04}}</ref>
===Recent history===
In 2020, a bust of [[Miguel Grau]] and the [[nautical chart]] of Santa María was unveiled in the district.<ref name=Ch4/> In 2021, a 6 × 1.6 cm Chilean Bachmann-type cartridge dating back to the War of the Pacific was found in Embajadores beach.<ref name=Ch3/>
On September 28, 2023, the [[Congress of Peru]] was awarded a 35,133.05 [[Square metre|m<sup>2</sup>]] terrain by the National Superintendence of State Assets on the district, to be used as a "Parliamentary Training and Studies Centre" at a total cost of over [[Peruvian sol|S/.]] 17 million and an estimated completion date of December 31, 2025. The news of the high-end facility's intended features and cost, as well as possible damages to the [[Inca road system]], attracted criticism from a number of congressmen and the press.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Congreso gastaría S/17 millones en construir su centro de capacitaciones |url=https://larepublica.pe/politica/2023/10/09/congreso-gastaria-s17-millones-en-construir-su-centro-de-capacitaciones-infraestructura-marisol-espinoza-alejandro-soto-santa-maria-del-mar-467766 |date=2023-10-09 |work=[[La República]]}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Administrative divisions of Peru]]
* [[Casa Fernandini, Santa María del Mar]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
===Bibliography===
*{{Cite book |ref=Jamis|title=Santa María del Mar: Historia, Naturaleza y Visión del Futuro |last=Jamis Sumar |first=Jiries Martin|publisher=Jamis Sumar, Jiries Martin |year=2022 |isbn=978-612-00-7426-8 |edition=1st |___location=Lima |language=es |last2=Hooker Mantilla |first2=Yuri}}
==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{in lang|es}} [https://www.munisantamariadelmar.gob.pe Municipality of Santa María del Mar]
{{Lima}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Santa Maria del Mar (Peru)}}
[[Category:Santa María del Mar District| ]]
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