Perth (Regno Unito): differenze tra le versioni

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{{S|centri abitati della Scozia}}

{{T|inglese|Scozia|giugno 2008}}{{S|Scozia|città}}{{tmp|città}}{{nota disambigua|altri significati|[[Perth]]}}

{{Divisione amministrativa

'''Perth''' è una [[città]] della [[Scozia]], [[capoluogo]] del [[Perth e Kinross]]. In questa [[città]] si è improvvisamente spenta la [[vita]] del noto doppiatore [[Claudio Capone]].

|Nome = Perth

|Nome ufficiale =

|Panorama = Perth Bridge over the Tay, from the air - geograph.org.uk - 3605720.jpg

|Didascalia =

|Tipo = [[città del Regno Unito|città]]

|Motto = Pro Rege, Lege et Grege<br />([[Lingua latina|Latino]]: Per il Re, la Legge e il Popolo)

|Stato = GBR

|Grado amministrativo = 3

|Divisione amm grado 1 = Scozia

|Divisione amm grado 2 = Perth e Kinross

|Latitudine decimale = 56.396911

|Longitudine decimale = -3.437262

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|Note superficie =

|Abitanti = 47350

|Note abitanti =

|Aggiornamento abitanti = 2018

|Divisioni confinanti =

|Lingue =

|Codice postale = PH1-PH3; PH14

|Codice statistico =

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'''Perth''' ([[Lingua gaelica scozzese|gaelico scozzese]]: ''Peairt''; [[scots]]: ''Pairth'') è una [[città del Regno Unito]], [[capoluogo]] della [[Perthshire|contea scozzese]] di [[Perth e Kinross]].

== Storia ==

[[Categoria:città della Scozia]]

Storicamente è stata conosciuta come ''Saint Johnstown'', in onore del suo santo patrono, [[Giovanni Battista]].

<!--

{{infobox UK place|

|country = Scotland

|official_name= Perth

|gaelic_name= Peairt

|scots_name= Perth <small>(archaically St John's Toun)</small>

|os_grid_reference= NO115235

|map_type= Scotland

|latitude=56.396911

|longitude=-3.437262

|population= 43,450

|unitary_scotland= [[Perth and Kinross]]

|lieutenancy_scotland= [[Perth and Kinross]]

|post_town= PERTH

|postcode_district = PH1-PH3; PH14

|postcode_area= PH

|dial_code= 01738

|constituency_westminster= [[Ochil and South Perthshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Ochil and South Perthshire]]

|constituency_westminster1=[[Perth and North Perthshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Perth and North Perthshire]]

|constituency_scottish_parliament= [[Perth (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Perth]]

|constituency_scottish_parliament1= [[Mid Scotland and Fife (Scottish Parliament electoral region)|Mid Scotland and Fife]]

}}

'''Perth''' ({{lang-gd|Peairt}}) is a former [[royal burgh]] in central [[Scotland]]. Sitting on the banks of the [[River Tay]], it is the administrative headquarters of [[Perth and Kinross]] [[council area]]. Perth was a [[large burgh]] prior to 1975, and the [[county town]] of the former [[Counties of Scotland|county]] of [[Perthshire]].

Fu [[capitale (città)|capitale]] della [[Scozia]] fino al [[1452]].

The name ''Perth'' has hence been used for [[Perth|a number of other settlements around the world]]. The most notable of these is [[Perth, Western Australia]] — named such at the wish of [[Sir George Murray]], [[Secretary of State for War and the Colonies]], who was born in Perth. Perth is popularly referred to as ''The Fair City'', although per a redefinition of [[city status in the United Kingdom]] (see [[Perth, Scotland#City status|below]]), it is no longer officially classed as a city.

==NameAmministrazione==

===Gemellaggi===

[[Immagine:PerthStJohnStreet.jpg|thumb|right|St. John Street]]

*{{gemellaggio|Cina|Haikou}}

The name ''Perth'' derives from a [[Pictish language|Pictish]] word for ''wood'' or ''copse'', and links the town to the [[Picts]] described by the Romans, who subsequently joined with the [[Scottish People|Scots]] to form the kingdom of [[Alba]] which later became known as Scotland. During much of the medieval period the town was known colloquially as "St. John's Toun" because the church at the centre of the parish was dedicated to St. [[John the Baptist]]. It stands on St. John Street. In addition, the town's original name is still preserved in the town's [[football (soccer)|football]] club, [[St. Johnstone F.C.|St. Johnstone]].

==History Sport ==

no record found of the following: There has been a settlement at Perth since [[prehistoric]] times, with evidence of a [[hut]], a [[midden]] and a Finds in and around Perth show that it was occupied by the [[Mesolithic]] [[hunter-gatherer]]s who arrived in the area more than 8,000 years ago.<ref name=pkht>[http://www.pkht.org.uk/Archaeology.asp?ID=1 culture and archaeology : Perth and Kinross Heritage Trust : Archaeology Section - Overview]</ref> Nearby [[Neolithic]] standing stones and circles followed the introduction of farming from about 4,000 BC, and a remarkably well preserved [[Bronze age]] [[canoe|log boat]] dated to around [[1000 BC]] was found in the [[mudflats]] of the [[River Tay]] at Carpow to the east of Perth.<ref>[http://www.pkht.org.uk/Archaeology.asp?ID=7 culture and archaeology : Perth and Kinross Heritage Trust : Archaeology Section - Carpow Log Boat], [http://heritage.scotsman.com/places.cfm?id=1111362006 Scotsman.com: A 3,000-year-old voyage of discovery], [http://www.gatago.com/sci/archaeology/26223118.html Iris logboat, water trough or...?]</ref> Carpow was also the site of a [[Roman legion]]ary fortress.<ref>[http://www.ourpasthistory.com/roman_scotland/roman%20carpow.htm Romans in Scotland - Carpow Roman Fort]</ref>

===Early medievalCalcio period===

La squadra principale della città è il [[St. Johnstone Football Club|St. Johnstone]].

Perth's Pictish name, and some archaeological evidence, indicate that there must have been a settlement here from earlier times, probably at a point where a river crossing or crossings coincided with a slightly raised natural mound on the west bank of the Tay (which at Perth flows north-south), thus giving some protection for settlement from the frequent flooding. The presence of [[Scone, Perthshire|Scone]] two miles northeast, a royal centre of [[Alba]] from at least the reign of [[Kenneth I]] mac Ailpín (843-58), later the site of the major [[Augustinian]] abbey of the same name founded by [[Alexander I of Scotland|Alexander I]] (1107-24), will have enhanced Perth's early importance. It was for long the effective 'capital' of [[Scotland]], due to the frequent residence of the royal court. It was at [[Scone Abbey]] that the [[Stone of Scone|Stone of Destiny]] was kept, and on it the Kings of Scots were crowned down to [[Alexander III of Scotland|Alexander III]] (1249-86).

===12th andCalcio 13tha 5 centuries===

Le due principali squadre di calcio a 5 scozzesi, il [[Perth Saltires]] e il [[Fair City Santos]], hanno sede a Perth.

[[Immagine:741213 247ca8cc.jpg|thumb|right|Oliphant's Vennel's street sign]]

== Altri progetti ==

King [[David I of Scotland|David I]] (1124-53) granted [[burgh]] status to the town in the early [[12th century]], and documents from this time refer to the status of the [[kirk]] there. Many of the records taken from this time were the result of the arrival of the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] or Blackfriars; [[Blackfriars, Perth]], was established by [[Alexander II of Scotland|Alexander II]] (1214-49) by [[1240]]. In the 12th and 13th centuries, Perth was one of the richest trading burghs in the kingdom (along with such towns as [[North Berwick|Berwick]], [[Aberdeen]] and [[Roxburgh]]), residence of numerous craftsmen, organised into guilds (eg the Hammermen [metalworkers] or Glovers). There was probably some decline in prosperity during the numerous wars of the 14th century. The town also carried out an extensive trade with the Continent, and examples of foreign luxury goods have been recovered from excavations within the town (e.g., Spanish silk, fine pottery from France; wine will also have been a major import, not least for the use of the Church). The main destinations were France, the Low Countries and the Baltic. Medieval crafts are still remembered in some of the town's old street names, e.g, Skinnergate, Cutlog Vennel.

{{interprogetto}}

== Collegamenti esterni ==

The royal castle (on or near the site of the present multi-storey car park adjacent to the new council offices), was destroyed by a flood of the Tay in [[1209]], one of many that have afflicted Perth over the centuries. [[William I of Scotland|William I]] (1142-1214) restored Perth's burgh status, while it remained as the nominal capital of Scotland.

* {{Collegamenti esterni}}

{{city britanniche}}

===14th century: English occupation===

{{Controllo di autorità}}

King [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] of [[England]] brought his armies to Perth in [[1296]] where the town, with only a [[ditch]] for defence and little fortification, fell quickly. Stronger fortifications were quickly implemented by the English, and plans to wall the town took shape in [[1304]]. They remained standing until [[Robert I of Scotland|Robert the Bruce]]'s recapture of Perth in [[1313]]. He ordered the defences destroyed.

{{Portale|Scozia}}

[[Categoria:Perth (Regno Unito)| ]]

In [[1332]], the pretender [[Edward Balliol]], son of [[John of Balliol]], invaded to claim the throne of [[Scotland]] with the backing of [[Edward III of England]]. Robert the Bruce had died three years previously, and the regent of his infant son [[David II of Scotland|David II]] fell quickly at the hands of Balliol's army at the [[battle of Dupplin Moor]]. Balliol took Perth and the throne in September, and the [[Wars of Scottish Independence|Scottish Civil War]] ensued. Balliol himself was driven out quickly, only to return the next year. His deposition was only made complete in [[1336]]; his supporters were eventually driven from Perth in [[1339]]. As part of a plan to make Perth a permanent English base within [[Scotland]], [[Edward III]] forced six monasteries in [[Perthshire]] and [[Fife]] to pay for the construction of massive stone defensive walls, towers and fortified gates around the town ([[1336]]). These followed roughly the lines of present day Albert Close, Mill Street, South Methven Street, Charterhouse Lane and Canal Street (these streets evolved from a lane around the inside of the walls). The town lade, which was led off the [[River Almond]] in an artificial channel to power the burgh mills, formed an additional line of defence around the walls. The walls were pierced by several ports or gates, whose names are still remembered: the Red Brig Port (end of Skinnergate), Turret Brig Port (end of High Street), Southgait Port (end of South Street) and the Spey Port (end of Speygate). There was probably also a minor gate leading to Curfew Row. These defences were the strongest of any town in [[Scotland]] in the Middle Ages. Though still largely complete at the time of the [[1745]] [[Jacobite Rebellion]], they began to be demolished from the second half of the 18th century, and there are now no visible remains, at least above ground. The last tower, called the Monk's Tower (corner of Tay Street and Canal Street) was demolished about [[1810]].

===Late 14th and 15th century===

During the Middle Ages, Perth's only parish church was the Burgh Kirk of St. John the Baptist. With the town centre dominated by this huge building, Perth is frequently referred to as 'Sanct John's Toun of Perth' (or variants) in old documents. The local football team is still [[St. Johnstone F.C.|St. Johnstone]]. The present church, though of much earlier origins, was constructed from the [[15th century]] onwards. Though much altered, its tower and [[lead]]-clad spire continue to dominate the Perth skyline. The Church has lost its medieval south porch and [[sacristy]], and the north [[transept]] was shortened during the course of the [[19th century]] during street-widening. The building was split into three congregations (the East, West and Middle Kirks), divided by internal walls, after the [[Reformation]], and was only returned to its medieval proportions in the 1920s by Sir [[Robert Lorimer]], who restored the building as a war-memorial for those soldiers from [[Perthshire]] who had fallen in the [[Great War]]. Despite the damage done to the Church during and after the [[Reformation]], it contains the largest collection of medieval bells still in their original building in [[Great Britain]]. Another rare treasure, a unique survival in [[Scotland]], is a [[15th century]] brass candelabrum, imported from the [[Low Countries]]. The survival of this object is all the more remarkable as it includes a statuette of the [[Virgin Mary]]. St. John's Kirk also had the finest collection of post-Reformation church plate in [[Scotland]] (now housed permanently in Perth Museum and Art Gallery).

Medieval Perth had many other ecclesiastical buildings, including the houses of the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] (Blackfriars), Observantine [[Franciscans]] (Greyfriars) and [[Perth Charterhouse]], Scotland's only [[Carthusian]] Priory, or "Charterhouse". A little to the west of the town was the house of the [[Carmelites]] or Whitefriars, at Tullilum (corner of Jeanfield Road and Riggs Road). Also at Tullilum was a manor or tower-house of the bishops of [[Dunkeld]]. The bishops also owned a house within the burgh itself, at the corner of South Street and Watergate.

Other ecclesiastical foundations included the hospitals (with associated chapels) of St. Anne (between South Street and St. John's Place), St. Paul (corner of Newrow and High Street), St. Catherine (___location uncertain) and, a little south of the town, St. Mary Magdalene. There were also a number of chapels: St. Mary's (at the east end of High Street, by the end of the medieval bridge), St. Laurence's (at the Horse Cross) and Our Lady of Loretto (Loretto Court). None of these buildings survive above ground, though parts of the buildings of the Blackfriars and Whitefriars have been recovered archaeologically, as has a probable part of the graveyard of St. Laurence's Chapel.

In the medieval period, Perth was part of the diocese of [[St Andrews]].

[[Immagine:Fair Maid.jpg|thumb|right|A bronze statue of a seated [[Fair Maid of Perth|Fair Maid]] in the High Street]]

[[1396]] brought the theatre of [[trial by combat]] to Perth. The [[Battle of the Clans]] pitted [[Clan]] Chattan against Clan Cameron, each thirty strong, at the town's [[Perth, Scotland#North Inch|North Inch]]. This 'tournament' (actually an attempt to resolve a disruptive Highland feud) took place under the gaze of [[Robert III of Scotland|King Robert III]] ([[1390]]-[[1406]]) and his court, who watched the spectacle from the ''Gilten Arbour'', a garden attached to the House of the [[Blackfriars, Perth|Blackfriars]]. Although records vary, Clan Chattan is understood to have won the battle, with the last of their opponents fleeing to safety across the Tay. This combat is a central incident in [[Walter Scott|Sir Walter Scott]]'s novel ''[[The Fair Maid of Perth]]''.

The House of the Dominicans or Blackfriars, established by King [[Alexander II of Scotland|Alexander II]] in 1231, was paying host to King [[James I of Scotland|James I]] in [[1437]] when rebel nobleman forced entry to the building in the middle of the night. The Friary lay outside the town walls and was defended only by a ditch. Robert Graham proceeded to stab the King to death; the Queen, [[Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scotland|Joan Beaufort]], and her children escaped to [[Edinburgh]]. Perhaps as a direct result, James was the last king to command from a throne at Perth; the capital was moved to [[Edinburgh]] in 1437. James I was buried in Perth in the [[Carthusian]] Priory he had founded in 1429. This priory was also the last resting place of Joan Beaufort and [[Margaret Tudor]], Queens of Scotland.

===16th century===

While political and religious strife engulfed England in the mid-[[16th century]], [[John Knox]] began the Scottish [[Reformation]] from grass-roots level with a sermon against 'idolatry' in the burgh kirk of St. John the Baptist in [[1559]]. An inflamed mob quickly destroyed the altars in the Kirk, then attacked the Houses of the Greyfriars and [[Blackfriars, Perth|Blackfriars]], and the [[Carthusian]] Priory. [[Scone]] Abbey was sacked shortly afterwards. The regent of infant [[Mary I of Scotland|Mary Queen of Scots]], her mother [[Marie de Guise]], was successful in quelling the rioting but [[presbyterianism]] in Perth remained strong.

There are no visible remains of the pre-Reformation religious houses of Perth, though their approximate locations are perpetuated in modern street-names.

===17th and 18th centuries===

[[Charles II of England|Charles II]] was crowned at Scone, traditional site of the investiture of Kings of Scots, in [[1651]]. However, within a year, [[Oliver Cromwell]]'s [[Parliament of England|Parliamentarians]], fresh from victory in the [[English Civil War]], came to Perth. Cromwell established a fortified citadel on the South Inch (a large park south of the town) in 1652, one of five built around Scotland at this time to overawe and hold down the country. Perth's hospital, bridge and several dozen houses were demolished to provide building materials for this fort. Even grave slabs from the Greyfriars cemetery were used. It was given to the town in [[1661]] not long after Cromwell's death, and began almost immediately to be dismantled. The ditch, originally filled with water from the Tay, was still traceable in the late 18th century, but there are now no visible remains. The restoration of Charles II was not without incident, and with the [[Act of settlement]], came the [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] uprisings, to which Perth was supportive. The town was occupied by Jacobite supporters thrice in total ([[1689]], [[1715]] and [[1745]]).

===Late 18th century to present===

[[Immagine:Rose Terrace.jpg|thumb|right|The Old Academy in Rose Terrace]]

In [[1760]], Perth Academy was founded, and major industry came to the town, now with a population of 15,000. [[Linen]], [[leather]], [[bleach]]ed products and [[whisky]] were its major exports, although the town had been a key [[port]] for centuries. In 1804, [[Thomas Dick]] received an invitation from local patrons to act as teacher in the Secession school at [[Methven, Perth and Kinross|Methven]] that led to a ten year's residence there for him. The school was distinguished by efforts on his part towards popular improvement, including a zealous promotion of the study of science, the foundation of a ''people's library'', and what was substantially a mechanic's institute. Under the name ''Literary and Philosophical Societies, adapted to the middling and lower ranks of the community'', the extension of such establishments was recommended by him in five papers published in the ''Monthly Magazine'' in 1814. The Perth Royal Infirmary was built in [[1814]], although the town remained unsanitary for decades including a [[cholera]] epidemic in the [[1830s]]. Piped water and gas became available in the [[1820s]], and electricity in [[1901]].

Despite being a garrison town and major developments, social and industrial, during the First World War, Perth remained relatively unchanged according to Dr Bill Harding in his study of the effects of the war on the people of Perth published in '' On Flows the Tay: Perth and the First World War.'' (2000).

Given its ___location, Perth was perfectly placed to become a key transport centre with the coming of the [[railway]]s. The first railway station in Perth was built in [[1848]]. Horse-drawn carriage became popular in the [[1890s]] although they were quickly replaced by electric [[tram]]s.

==Health==

===Perth Royal Infirmary===

{{Main|Perth Royal Infirmary}}

Perth Royal Infirmary is the main hospital in Perth. The Royal Infirmary has resided on the current site since 1914 as the new hospital replacing the former Perth City and County Hospital. <ref>[http://www.codexgeo.co.uk/dsa/building_full.php?id=M009337 Dictionary of Scottish Architects - DSA Building/Design Report (May 29, 2008, 4:42 am)]</ref>

===Murray Royal Hospital===

Murray Royal Hospital is the other hospital in Perth. The hospital caters for forensic psychiatry; pallative medicine and psychiatry patients. The Glenelg ward, formerly the Almond ward, has recently undergone a refurbishment plan which now includes a long term area and rehabiliation unit in 2007. <ref>http://www.nhstayside.scot.nhs.uk/staff/spectra/Spectra30.pdf page 5</ref>

Murray Royal was opened in 1827 as James Murray's Royal Asylum at a cost of £40,000. James Murray was a labourer who was bequeathed a large inheritance and, having no family to leave the money to when he died, set up the asylum on Kinnoull Hill.<ref>{{cite book

| last = Smith

| first = Gavin & Ruth

| authorlink =

| title = Perth in Old Photographs

| publisher = Sutton Publishing

| series = Scotland in Old Photographs

| year = 2000

| doi =

| pages = page 77

| isbn = 0 7509 2381 4}}</ref>

==Transport==

===Car===

Perth remains a key transport hub for journeys by car and rail throughout Scotland. The [[M90 motorway]] runs south from the town to [[Edinburgh]]; the [[A9 road]] connects it to [[Stirling]] and [[Glasgow]] in the south west and [[Inverness]] in the north. Other major roads in the town include the [[A85 road|A85]] to [[Crieff]] and [[Crianlarich]], the [[A93 road|A93]] to [[Blairgowrie and Rattray|Blairgowrie]], the [[A94 road|A94]] to [[Coupar Angus]] and [[Forfar]] and the [[A90 road|A90]] to [[Dundee]] and [[Aberdeen]].

The town itself was [[bypass route|bypass]]ed to the South and East by the M90 in the [[1970s]] and to the west by the A9 in the [[1980s]].

The M90, A9 and A93 all meet at [[Broxden Junction]], one of the busiest and most important [[road junction]]s in Scotland. Uniquely, all Scotland's cities are signposted from here.

The final part of the M90 included the construction of the [[Friarton Bridge]] in [[1978]] to facilitate travel to [[Dundee]] and [[Aberdeen]] to the east of the town, finally removing inter-city traffic from the town centre and is the most northerly piece of the UK's motorway system.

===Rail===

[[Perth railway station, Scotland|Perth railway station]] has regular services to [[Fife]], [[Edinburgh Waverley railway station|Edinburgh Waverley]] via the [[Forth Bridge (railway)|Forth Bridge]], east to [[Dundee]] and [[Aberdeen]], and south to [[Glasgow Queen Street railway station|Glasgow Queen Street]]. There are two direct trains per day to [[London]], one operated by [[National Express East Coast|NXEC]] to [[Kings Cross station|King's Cross]] (from Inverness), while the [[Caledonian Sleeper]] runs overnight to [[London Euston|Euston]].

The station currently has seven platforms; it once boasted more in the past to serve the smaller branch lines running throughout Perthshire. Perth Station is located on Glasgow Road, close to St Catherines Road.

===Bus===

Bus travel is plentiful in the town. Local buses are run by [[Stagecoach Group]]; inter-city bus travel is made from Leonard Street [[bus station]] and connects to most major destinations in Scotland. The budget [[Megabus]] service is centred on Broxden Junction (2.2 miles/3.5km outside the town centre) and runs direct buses to Scotland's largest cities plus [[Manchester]] and [[London]]. In addition, there is a [[park and ride]] service from the services at Broxden to the town centre.

===Air===

Perth has a small airport. [[Perth Airport (Scotland)|Perth Airport]] is located at [[Scone, Perthshire|New Scone]], 7 km north east of Perth. There are no commercial flights out of this airport, but it is used by private aircraft and for pilot training. The nearest major commercial airport is [[Edinburgh Airport]] or [[Aberdeen Airport]], although [[Dundee Airport]], which is only 20 minutes drive from Perth, offers flights to [[London City Airport]], [[Belfast]], and [[Birmingham International Airport (UK)|Birmingham ]] as well as charter, engineering and training facilities.

===Bridges===

[[Immagine:St. Matthew's Church and Smeaton's Bridge.jpg|thumb|right|[[Smeaton's Bridge]], with St. Matthew's Church, on Tay Street, on the left, looking north from Queen's Bridge.]]

There are four bridges that cross the [[River Tay]] in Perth. The northernmost structure is [[Smeaton's Bridge]] (also known as Perth Bridge and, locally, the Old Bridge), completed in 1771 and widened in 1869, which carries the automotive and pedestrian traffic of West Bridge Street (the [[A85 road|A85]]). Eastbound vehicles are not permitted to make a right turn onto Bridgend's Gowrie Street.<ref name="bridges">[http://www.perfectperth.com/index.asp?pg=60 PerfectPerth.com]</ref>

Next, some five hundred yards downstream, is Queen's Bridge, which also carries vehicle and pedestrian traffic, this time of South Street and Tay Street. Queen's Bridge was completed in 1960, replacing the old Victoria Bridge (1902–1960), and was opened by [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]] in October of that year.<ref name="bridges">[http://www.perfectperth.com/index.asp?pg=60 PerfectPerth.com]</ref>

The third bridge in the centre of Perth is a railway bridge, carrying trains to and from the railway station, half a mile to the north-west. It was completed in 1863. There is also a pedestrian walkway on its northern side (from where [http://www.visitdunkeld.com/New%20Scottish%20Photos/Perth%20Scotland%2003.jpg this] image was taken).<ref name="bridges">[http://www.perfectperth.com/index.asp?pg=60 PerfectPerth.com]</ref>

Finally, the southernmost crossing of the Tay inside Perth's boundary is [[Friarton Bridge]]. It is part of the [[M90 motorway]], and forms part of the east coast road corridor between [[Edinburgh]], [[Dundee]] and [[Aberdeen]].

A fifth bridge is to be added farther upstream (north) from the existing bridges. It is part of the Sustrans Connect2 successful bid for funds from The People's £50 Million Lottery competition.<ref>[http://www.perthshire.co.uk/index.asp?pg=438 VisitScotland Perthshire - Connect2 Sustrans - in Perth]</ref> Locals and visitors alike will benefit from this project. When completed cyclists and pedestrians will be able to cross the Tay without the associated risks to safety, health and environment of being close up to other vehicles on Smeaton's Bridge.

==Politics==

Perth is within the [[Perth and Kinross]] [[Council areas of Scotland|council area]], the [[Perth (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Perth Scottish Parliament constituency]], the [[Mid Scotland and Fife]] [[Scottish Parliament constituencies and regions|electoral region]] of the [[Scottish Parliament]] (at [[Scottish Parliament Building|Holyrood]]), and the [[Perth and North Perthshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Perth and North Perthshire United Kingdom Parliament constituency]] (at [[Palace of Westminster|Westminster]]).

The Perth Scottish Parliament (or ''Holyrood'') [[United Kingdom constituencies|constituency]] is one of nine within the Mid Scotland and Fife electoral region. Each constituency elects one [[Member of the Scottish Parliament]] (MSP) by the [[first past the post]] system of election, and the region elects seven [[Additional member system (Scottish Parliament)|additional members]] to produce a form of [[proportional representation]].

The Perth and North Perthshire United Kingdom Parliament (or ''Westminster'') constituency elects on [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) to the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] by the first past the post system.

The Holyrood constituency was created in 1999, for the first election to the Scottish Parliament, with the boundaries of the [[Perth (UK Parliament constituency)|Perth Westminster constituency]]. The Perth Westminster constituency was abolished in 2005, when a new set of Westminster constituencies, including Perth and North Perthshire, was introduced.

==Economy==

[[Immagine:741230 fa40c97d.jpg|thumb|left|The old High Street]]

[[Immagine:Perth High Street.jpg|thumb|right|And the pedestrianised modern High Street]]

Despite the downfall of the whisky [[distilling|distilleries]], which have long since been sold off and moved away from Perth (although the town's name still appears on the labels), Perth has remained a centre for doing business. New high-tech industry has moved in, and the commercial impact has remained as major services, including [[insurance]] and [[banking]], have come to the town. Amongst the largest employers are [[Norwich Union]], the [[Bank of Scotland]] and Scottish and Southern Energy.

Perth's city centre is situated to the east of the banks of the River Tay. The centre has a variety of both independent and major retailers, particularly on the pedestrianised High Street, running from the junction of Tay Street to Atholl and Scott Streets. <ref>[http://www.perthshire.co.uk/index.asp?tm=27 VisitScotland Perthshire - Perth City Centre Map]</ref> Perth also boasts many restaurants and bars on the majority of the city-centre streets, with coffee shops being most evident in the area of St. John's Place<ref>[http://www.perthcity.co.uk/index.asp?cat=Eating%20Out Perth City - Perth Eating Out - Restaurants, Pubs and Cafes in Perth - www.perthcity.co.uk</ref> The St. John's Shopping Centre, on St. John's Square, which opened in 1987, also adds to the mix, providing forty units<ref>http://www.stjshopping.co.uk/index.php</ref> to complement any further retail therapy. The main sheriff court building and City Hall are also located within these boundaries.<ref>[http://www.perthshire.co.uk/index.asp?tm=27 VisitScotland Perthshire - Perth City Centre Map]</ref> A new specialist three-floor shopping centre has been set to be finally approved for the troubled City Hall and likely to start building work as soon as possible.<ref>[http://icperthshire.icnetwork.co.uk/perthshireadvertiser/news/tm_headline=city-hall-x2018-revamp-x2019-sent-for-approval&method=full&objectid=20625007&siteid=88886-name_page.html Perth City Hall ‘revamp’ submitted to council - Perthshire Advertiser</ref>

==Sport==

[[St. Johnstone F.C.|St. Johnstone]] is the town's professional [[football (soccer)|football]] club. Their home ground is [[McDiarmid Park]], which is located on Crieff Road on the west side of the town. The team used to play at Muirton Park on the Dunkeld Road, five minutes from the town centre, but the ground was sold in the early 1990s to the [[ASDA]] chain. Perth's first [[McDonald's]] Restaurant and Drive-Thru was built adjacent to the supermarket.

[[Immagine:England and Scotland 205.jpg|thumb|left|The main entrance to Bell's Sports Centre, with its dome visible on the right]]

There are two other football clubs based in Perth, both of [[Scottish Junior Football Association|junior]] grade: [[Jeanfield Swifts F.C.|Jeanfield Swifts]] and [[Kinnoull F.C.|Kinnoull]].

There is a large sports complex, [[Bell's Sports Centre]], to the northwest of the town centre, at the western edge of the North Inch. Prior to the building of the Greenwich Dome, it was the largest domed building in the UK. An identical structure exists at [[Lexington High School (Massachusetts)|Lexington High School]] in [[Lexington, Massachusetts]], [[United States|USA]].

[[Immagine:England and Scotland 204.jpg|thumb|right|The North Inch home of Perthshire RFC]]

Perth hosts Scotland's largest [[volleyball]] event every May - the Scottish Open Volleyball Tournament. There is a highly-competitive indoor competition held inside Bell's Sports Centre alongside both a competitive and fun outdoor event played on the town's North Inch. Teams competing traditionally camp alongside the outdoor courts with the campsite being administered by local [[cadet]]s. The Scottish Volleyball Association's annual general meeting is also held at the same time as tournament.

[[Perth Leisure Pool]], to the west of the railway station on the Glasgow Road, is the town's swimming centre. The modern leisure pool complex was built in the mid 1980s to replace the traditional public swimming baths (established 1887<ref>{{cite book

| last = Smith

| first = Gavin & Ruth

| authorlink =

| title = Perth in Old Photographs

| publisher = Sutton Publishing Limited

| series = Scotland in Old Photographs

| year = 2000

| doi =

| pages = page 105

| isbn = 0 7509 2381 4 }}</ref>) which used to sit just off the Dunkeld Road.

[[Perthshire RFC]] is the town's rugby union side, and are based at the North Inch next to Bell's Sports Centre. They currently play in the [[BT Premiership Division Three]] for rugby union in Scotland.

Perth Racecourse is located within the grounds of Scone Palace (3 miles/5 km by road from the city centre), and holds regular [[horse racing]] meetings as well as other outdoor events.

The Dewar's Centre, which includes an eight-lane ice rink, has long been a main centre of [[curling]] in Scotland. Many top teams compete in this arena and many major events are held here each year. Curling is available from September to April annually. There is an indoor [[bowls|bowling]] hall, hosting major competitions. Historically Perth had a successful [[ice hockey]] team, [[Perth Panthers]], who played at the old ice rink on Dunkeld Road. The rink at Dewars is the wrong shape for ice hockey, so when the team reformed in 2000 for 2 seasons they played their home games at Dundee Ice Arena.

==Media==

The sole newspaper based in the town is the ''[http://icperthshire.icnetwork.co.uk/perthshireadvertiser/news/ Perthshire Advertiser]'' owned by [[Trinity Mirror]]. Editorial, advertising sales, etc still have their offices in the Watergate but the newspaper is printed in [[Blantyre, South Lanarkshire|Blantyre]].<ref>[http://www.mediauk.com/newspapers/13894/perthshire-advertiser Perthshire Advertiser at Media UK]</ref>

There is no freely radiating radio service, although ''[http://www.hospitalradioperth.org.uk Hospital Radio Perth]'' broadcasts to Perth Royal Infirmary and Murray Royal Hospitals. [[Hospital Radio Perth]] is the UK's most successful hospital broadcasters having been the [[Hospital Broadcasting Association]] UK Station of the Year in 1996, 1997, 1999 and 2007.

<ref>http://www.nhstayside.scot.nhs.uk/staff/spectra/Spectra30.pdf page 9</ref><ref>[http://www.hospitalradioperth.org.uk/ Hospital Radio Perth Website</ref>

==Art and music==

[[Perth Museum and Art Gallery]] is the town museum, and is one of the oldest provincial museums in Scotland, located at the top end of George Street, near the River Tay. The [[Fergusson Gallery]], housed in the former waterworks, contains the major collection of the works of the artist [[John Duncan Fergusson|J.D. Fergusson]].

The [[New Wave (music)|New Wave]] band [[Fiction Factory]] had some success with their hit "(Feels Like) Heaven" in 1984. The song, which reached number six in the UK charts, would be their biggest hit, and Perth's biggest to date.

[[Immagine:Perth Concert Hall, Perth, Scotland.jpg|thumb|right|Perth Concert Hall, completed in 2005.]]

The [http://www.perthfestival.co.uk Perth Festival of the Arts] is an annual collection of [[art]], [[theatre]], [[opera]] and [[european classical music|classical music]] events in the town. The annual event lasts for a couple of weeks and is usually held in May. In recent years, the festival has broadened its appeal by adding [[comedy]], [[rock music|rock]] and [[popular music]] acts to the bill.

In September 2005, the new 1600-seat Horsecross [[concert hall]] opened atop the former Horsecross Market. The state-of-the-art construction cost around [[Pound sterling|£]]20 million, mostly donated as part of the UK millennium celebrations. It is located near the Kinnoull Street multi-storey car park and it backs up to the Fair Maid's House on Curfew Row.

Perth Theatre was established more than one hundred years ago and is located on the town's pedestrianised High Street.

Perth was home to numerous cinemas during the previous century. Some were converted to other uses such as bingo halls but some have eventually disappeared altogether. The only remaining cinema is the Playhouse, on Murray Street, located outside two main bus station stances.

==Parks==

Perth's two main parks are the North [[Inch (Scots)|Inch]] and South Inch. The Inches were given to the city in 1377 by [[Robert III of Scotland|King Robert III]].

===North Inch===

[[Immagine:North Inch.jpg|thumb|right|The North Inch, looking southeast towards the city centre]]

The North Inch is located directly to the north of the city centre. It is bordered to the south by Charlotte Street and Atholl Street and to the southwest by Rose Terrace. Its western perimeter consists of part of the exercise path that circumnavigates the entire park. The River Tay bounds it to the east. A little further to the north is the Inch's eponymous golf course.

{{seealso|Battle of the Clans}}

===South Inch===

Situated half a mile south of the North Inch, directly across the city centre, is the South Inch. The Inches are linked by Tay Street, which runs along the western banks of the Tay.

The South Inch is bordered to the north by Marshall Place and Kings Place; to the east by Shore Road; to the south by South Inch View; and to the west by St Leonards Bridge. The Edinburgh Road passes through its eastern third.

The South Inch offers various activities, including [[bowls|bowling]], an [[adventure playground]], a [[skatepark]], and, in the summer, a [[bouncy castle]].

The Perth Show takes place annually on the section of the Inch between the Edinburgh Road and Shore Road.

===Branklyn Garden===

Located just off the Dundee Road on the eastern side of the Tay, Branklyn Gardens, a [[National Trust for Scotland]] site, is two acres of private gardens, predominantly featuring collections from [[China]], [[Tibet]], [[Bhutan]] and the [[Himalayas]].<ref>[http://www.perthshire.co.uk/index.asp?pg=129 Branklyn Garden at Perthshire.co.uk]</ref> Its centrepiece is its collection of Himalayan blue poppies.<ref>[http://www.branklyngarden.org.uk/ Branklyn Garden.org.uk]</ref>

===Norie-Miller Riverside Walk===See http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/101047579/. It is often incorrectly spelled Norrie-Miller.

Situated between Perth Bridge and Queen's Bridge and known locally as the "Middle Inch", the Norie-Miller Riverside Walk features a sculpture trail. The walk ends close to Branklyn Garden.

===Bell's Cherrybank Gardens===

The Cherrybank Gardens are home to Europe's largest collections of [[heather]]s, known as "The Bell's National Heather Collection".<ref>[http://www.perthshire.co.uk/index.asp?pg=128 Cherrybank Gardens at Perthshire.co.uk]</ref> The gardens are sponsored by the Bell's Scotch whisky brand.

==Tourism==

[[Immagine:The River Tay and Friarton bridge.jpg|thumb|Eastern outskirts of Perth viewed from Craigie Hill. The [[River Tay]] and [[Friarton Bridge]] are both visible]]

Perth has a number of popular [[architecture|architectural]] and historical attractions, most notably [[Scone Palace]] and St. John's Kirk. It is also the centre of the regimental [[Black Watch]] whose base is located on Dunkeld Road, near ASDA, and whose museum is located inside [[Balhousie Castle]]. The Castle, of medieval origins, and the seat of the Eviot family, was extensively altered and enlarged in the [[19th century]], and retains little of its original character.

[[Kinnoull Hill]] and Craigie Hill, well provided with forest walks, give spectacular views of the city

Two [[Historic Scotland]] properties within a short distance of the town are [[Huntingtower Castle]], former seat of the Earls of Gowrie (open all year; entrance charge), and [[Elcho Castle]], former seat of the Wemyss family (open in summer; entrance charge). Both are excellent examples of late medieval Scottish tower-houses, and are popular sites for weddings.

==Schools and education==

There are many schools in Perth, including St. John's Primary, Tulloch Primary, Viewlands Primary, Oakbank Primary, Perth Academy, [[Perth High School]], St. Columba's and Perth Grammar School.

Further and higher education - including a range of degrees - is available through Perth College, one of the largest partners in the [[UHI Millennium Institute]].

Perth College runs a network of learning centres across the area, in Blairgowrie, Crieff (a joint project with Perth & Kinross Council), Kinross, Pitlochry, and Pathways in Perth. It also owns AST (Air Service Training) which delivers a range of aeronautical engineering courses.

==City status==

The classic definition of Perth has been as a city, and traditional documentation confirms that this has been true since ''[[time immemorial]]''. However, in the late [[1990s]], the [[Government of the United Kingdom|UK government]] and the [[Scottish Executive]] [http://www.scotland.gov.uk/library5/society/rsca-02.asp re-examined the definition] of a city and produced a list of approved cities, from which Perth was omitted. It is now considered to be a "former city", a similar definition to that of [[Brechin]] or [[Elgin, Moray|Elgin]].

Current road-signs around the borders now call it "The Perfect Centre" instead of "The Fair City", although directional signs within still indicate "City Centre". In June, 2007, [[Alex Salmond]], the newly-elected first Minister of Scotland backed a campaign to confer city status on Perth, saying it should be granted "at the next commemorative opportunity".<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/6728337.stm Salmond backs bid for city status (BBC News)]</ref> The architectural writer John Gifford has said that Perth is a city "to its inhabitants and most outsiders, but not all bureaucrats."<ref>Gifford, John (2007) ''Perth and Kinross'', Yale.</ref>

==Twin towns==

*[[Aschaffenburg]], [[Germany]]

*[[Bydgoszcz]], [[Poland]]

*[[Haikou]], [[Hainan]], [[China]]

*[[Perth, Ontario]], [[Canada]]

*[[Pskov]], [[Russia]]

*[[Cognac]], [[France]]

==Trivia==

In March 2007, Perth became the first place in Scotland to join the European [[Cittaslow]] movement which assesses towns and cities against sixty different criteria regarding quality of life for residents and visitors.

==Gallery==

<gallery>

Image:2003-06-07 - Balhousie Castle, Perth 01.jpg|[[Balhousie Castle]]

Image:Fair Maid's House.jpg|The [[Fair Maid of Perth|Fair Maid]]'s House

Image:Perth Museum and Art Gallery2.jpg|[[Perth Museum and Art Gallery|Museum and Art Gallery]]

Image:2003-06-07 - Perth 06.jpg|George Street

Image:2003-06-07 - North Inch 01.jpg|Looking towards [[Bridgend, Perth|Bridgend]] on the eastern side of the Tay

Image:St. John's Kirk.jpg|St. John's Kirk

Image:St. John's Kirk2.jpg|St. John's Kirk

Image:Perthhighst.JPG|High Street

Image:184429 fa1d5432.jpg|The southern end of Tay Street, viewed from Queen's Bridge

</gallery>

==Notes==

{{reflist}}

==External links==

* [http://www.perthcity.co.uk/ Perth City]

* [http://www.perthshire-scotland.co.uk/perth3.htm/ Perth History]

* [http://www.pkc.gov.uk/ Perth and Kinross Council]

* [http://www.perthshire.co.uk/ Perthshire Tourist Board]

* [http://www.perthfestival.co.uk/ Perth Festival of the Arts]

* [http://www.perfectperth.com/ Welcome to Perth]

*{{wikitravel|Perth (Scotland)}}

* [http://www.st-johns-kirk.co.uk/ St John's Kirk]

* [http://www.stjshopping.co.uk/ St John's Shopping Centre]

* [http://www.stmatts.org.uk St. Matthew's Church of Scotland]

* [http://www.episcopal-perth.org.uk/ St John the Baptist Episcopal Church, Perth]

* [http://www.ourpasthistory.com/Scotland/carpow-roman-fort Carpow Roman Fort]

* [http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?hl=en&gl=uk&ptab=2&ie=UTF8&lr=lang_en&msa=0&msid=110890343188031193258.00043f8a4dbea88cfe3d3&z=14&om=1 Google Map showing many of the places mentioned in this article] -->

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