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{{Short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2013}}{{for|related races|1900 United States elections}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1900 United States presidential election
| country = United States
| flag_year = 1896
| type = presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1896 United States presidential election
| previous_year = 1896
| next_election = 1904 United States presidential election
| next_year = 1904
| votes_for_election = 447 members of the [[Electoral College (United States)|Electoral College]]
| needed_votes = 224 electoral
| turnout = 73.7%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present|title=National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present|work=United States Election Project|publisher=[[CQ Press]]}}</ref> {{decrease}} 5.9 [[percentage point|pp]]
| election_date = November 6, 1900
| image1 = [[File:Mckinley (cropped).jpg|x200px]]
| nominee1 = '''[[William McKinley]]'''
| party1 = Republican Party (United States)
| alliance1 =
| home_state1 = [[Ohio]]
| running_mate1 = '''[[Theodore Roosevelt]]'''
| electoral_vote1 = '''292'''
| states_carried1 = '''28'''
| popular_vote1 = '''7,228,864'''
| percentage1 = '''51.6%'''
| image2 = [[File:WilliamJBryan1902 3x4.jpg|x200px]]
| nominee2 = [[William Jennings Bryan]]
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| alliance2 = {{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| title = ''Parties''
|[[People's Party (United States)|"Fusion" Populist]]
|[[Silver Republican Party|Silver Republican]]
|[[American Anti-Imperialist League|Anti-Imperialist League]]
}}
| home_state2 = [[Nebraska]]
| running_mate2 = [[Adlai Stevenson I]]
| electoral_vote2 = 155
| states_carried2 = 17
| popular_vote2 = 6,370,932
| percentage2 = 45.5%
| map = {{1900 United States presidential election imagemap}}
| map_size = 350px
| map_caption = Presidential election results map. <span style="color:red;">Red</span> denotes states won by McKinley/Roosevelt, <span style="color:blue;">blue</span> denotes those won by Bryan/Stevenson. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.
| title = President
| before_election = [[William McKinley]]
| before_party = Republican Party (United States)
| after_election = [[William McKinley]]
| after_party = Republican Party (United States)
}}
[[United States presidential election|Presidential elections]] were held in the [[United States]] on November 6, 1900. Incumbent [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[President of the United States|President]] [[William McKinley]] defeated his [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] challenger, [[William Jennings Bryan]].
McKinley and Bryan each faced little opposition within their own parties. Although some [[National Democratic Party (United States)|Gold Democrats]] explored the possibility of a campaign by Admiral [[George Dewey]], Bryan was easily re-nominated at the [[1900 Democratic National Convention]] after Dewey withdrew from the race. McKinley was unanimously re-nominated at the [[1900 Republican National Convention]]. As Vice President [[Garret Hobart]] had died in 1899, the Republican convention chose New York Governor [[Theodore Roosevelt]] as McKinley's running mate.
The return of economic prosperity and recent victory in the [[Spanish–American War]] helped McKinley score a decisive victory, while Bryan's [[Anti-imperialism|anti-imperialist]] stance and continued support for [[bimetallism]] attracted only limited support.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bailey |first=Thomas A. |date=1937 |title=Was the Presidential Election of 1900 A Mandate on Imperialism? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1891336 |journal=The Mississippi Valley Historical Review |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=43–52 |doi=10.2307/1891336 |jstor=1891336 |issn=0161-391X|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harrington |first=Fred H. |date=1935 |title=The Anti-Imperialist Movement in the United States, 1898-1900 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1898467 |journal=The Mississippi Valley Historical Review |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.2307/1898467 |jstor=1898467 |issn=0161-391X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> McKinley carried most states outside of the [[Solid South]] and won 51.6% of the popular vote. The election results were similar to those of 1896, though McKinley picked up several Western states and Bryan picked up Kentucky.
This was the fifth of six presidential elections to be a rematch, and the first in which the incumbent was re-elected; neither would occur again until [[1956 United States presidential election|1956]]. McKinley's victory made him the first president since [[Ulysses S. Grant]] in [[1872 United States presidential election|1872]] to win re-election to a consecutive second term.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Allen |first=William H. |date=1901 |title=The Election of 1900 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1010316 |journal=The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science |volume=17 |pages=53–73 |doi=10.1177/000271620101700103 |jstor=1010316 |issn=0002-7162}}</ref> Until 1956, this would be the last time in which an incumbent Republican president would win re-election after serving a full term in office. Six months into his second term, McKinley was [[Assassination of William McKinley|assassinated]], and his vice president, Theodore Roosevelt, succeeded him.
==Nominations==
===Republican Party nomination===
{{Main|1900 Republican National Convention}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|[[File:Republican Disc.svg|65px|center|link=Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party (United States)]]<big>'''1900 Republican Party ticket'''</big>
|-
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"| [[William McKinley|{{color|white|William McKinley}}]]
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"| [[Theodore Roosevelt|{{color|white|Theodore Roosevelt}}]]
|- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#FFD0D7;"
| style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for President'''''
| style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President'''''
|-
| [[File:Mckinley.jpg|center|200x200px]]
| [[File:Col. Theodore Roosevelt LCCN2009631417 (cropped).jpg|center|200x200px]]
|-
| [[List of presidents of the United States|25th]]<br>[[President of the United States]]<br><small>(1897–1901)</small>
| [[List of governors of New York|33rd]]<br>[[Governor of New York]]<br><small>(1899–1900)</small>
|-
| colspan=2 |[[File:The Administration's Promises Have Been Kept.jpg|center|300px]]
|}
The 926 delegates to the [[1900 Republican National Convention|Republican convention]], which met in [[Philadelphia]] on June 19–21, re-nominated President William McKinley by acclamation. [[Thomas C. Platt]], the "boss" of the New York State Republican Party, did not like [[Theodore Roosevelt]], New York's popular governor, even though he was a fellow Republican. Roosevelt's efforts to reform New York politics – including Republican politics – led Platt and other state Republican leaders to pressure President McKinley to accept Roosevelt as his new vice presidential candidate, thus filling the spot left open when Vice President [[Garret Hobart]] died in 1899. By electing Roosevelt vice president, Platt would remove Roosevelt from New York state politics. Although Roosevelt was reluctant to accept the nomination for vice president, which he regarded as a relatively trivial and powerless office, his great popularity among most Republican delegates led McKinley to pick him as his new running mate. Quite unexpectedly, Roosevelt would be elevated to the presidency in September 1901, when McKinley was [[Assassination of William McKinley|assassinated]] in [[Buffalo, New York]].
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|+The balloting<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hinshaw |first=Seth |title=Ohio Elects the President: Our State's Role in Presidential Elections 1804-1996 |publisher=Book Masters, Inc |year=2000 |___location=Mansfield |pages=68}}</ref>
|-
!Presidential ballot || || Vice presidential ballot ||
|-
|[[William McKinley]] || 926|| [[Theodore Roosevelt]] || 925
|-
|| || || Not voting || 1 (Theodore Roosevelt)
|}
{{Clear}}
=== Democratic Party nomination ===
{{Main|1900 Democratic National Convention}}
[[File:The issue - 1900. Liberty. Justice. Humanity. W.J. Bryan.tif|thumb|right|300px|Campaign poster promoting Democratic nominee William J. Bryan]]
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|[[File:Democratic Disc.svg|65px|center|link=Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party (United States)]]<big>'''1900 Democratic Party ticket '''</big>
|-
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"| [[William Jennings Bryan|{{color|white|William Jennings Bryan}}]]
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"| [[Adlai Stevenson I|{{color|white|Adlai Stevenson}}]]
|-
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#C8EBFF; width:200px;"|'''''for President'''''
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#C8EBFF; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President'''''
|-
| [[File:WilliamJBryan1902.jpg|center|200x200px]]
| [[File:Adlai Stevenson I by Saroney c1892-crop.jpg|center|200x200px]]
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]]<br>for [[Nebraska's 1st congressional district|Nebraska's 1st]]<br><small>(1891–1895)</small>
| [[List of vice presidents of the United States|23rd]]<br>[[Vice President of the United States]]<br><small>(1893–1897)</small>
|-
| colspan=2 |[[William Jennings Bryan 1900 presidential campaign|'''Campaign''']]
|-
|}
===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|- <sup>†</sup>
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; font-size:120%; color:white; background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|''Candidates are sorted by date of withdrawal''
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[George Dewey]]
|-
|[[File:Adm. George Dewey (flipped).jpg|center|120x120px]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|[[Admiral of the Navy (United States)|Admiral of the Navy]] from [[Vermont]] <small>(1899–1917)</small>
|- style="text-align:center"
|''{{abbr|W|withdrew}}: May 17, 1900''<br />''{{abbr|EM|endorsed William McKinley}}: 1900''
|-
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/05/18/102501663.pdf |title=Admiral Dewey Loses Hope; Says Now Doesn't Know What Prompted Him to Aspire to the Presidency|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 18, 1900}}</ref>
|}
After Admiral George Dewey's return from the Spanish–American War, many suggested that he run for president on the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] ticket. Dewey, however, had already angered some [[Protestantism|Protestants]] by marrying the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] Mildred McLean Hazen (the widow of General [[William Babcock Hazen]] and daughter of [[Washington McLean]], owner of ''[[The Washington Post]]'') in November 1899 and giving her the house that the nation had given him following the war.<ref>[http://elections.harpweek.com/1900/cartoon-1900-Medium.asp?UniqueID=7&Year=1900 HarpWeek | Elections | 1900 Medium Cartoons<!-- bot-generated title -->] at elections.harpweek.com</ref> His candidacy was also almost immediately plagued by a number of public relations gaffes. Newspapers started attacking him as naïve after he was quoted as saying the job of president would be easy, since the chief executive was merely following orders in executing the laws enacted by Congress, and that he would "execute the laws of Congress as faithfully as I have always executed the orders of my superiors." Shortly thereafter, he admitted never having voted in a presidential election before, mentioning that the only man he ever would have voted for, had he voted, would have been [[Grover Cleveland]]. He drew even more criticism when he offhandedly (and prophetically) told a newspaper reporter that, "Our next war will be with Germany."<ref>[http://www.nationalreview.com/convention/diary/diaryprint.html Convention Diary: NRO Total Convention<!-- bot-generated title -->] at nationalreview.com</ref>
Dewey's campaign was met with pessimism by Gold Democrats on whose support his campaign depended. Some even threw their support to Bryan, believing him to be the stronger candidate.<ref name="nytimes2">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/08/102583361.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/08/102583361.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=A Kentucky View of Dewey: Ex-Gold Democratic Leader Says Admiral Has No Chance|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref><ref name="nytimes3">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/11/102584249.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/11/102584249.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Dewey Has No Show, Kyle Says: South Dakota Senator Thinks Gold Democrats Are for Bryan|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref> As early as three days into his candidacy, his campaign having been damaged by the aforementioned missteps, rumors abounded regarding Dewey's impending withdrawal which proved false.<ref name="nytimes4">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/11/102584247.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/11/102584247.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Dewey Says He Will Not Withdraw: The Admiral Denies that He Has Any Intention of Quitting: Some Other Dewey Rumors: A New Story Is that He Will Not Oppose Chicago Platform{{emdash}}Avoiding Visitors|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref> Further injuries were made, however, when it became clear that the Democratic Party leaders of Vermont, Dewey's home state, were hostile to him and wholly committed to Bryan.<ref name="nytimes5">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/12/102584647.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/12/102584647.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=DEWEY'S STATE AGAINST HIM. - Vermont's Eight Votes at Kansas City to Go for Bryan|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref> Ohio similarly went for Bryan, though with the caveat that some leaders there suggested dropping all mention of silver from the party platform.<ref name="nytimes6">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/13/102584997.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/13/102584997.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Ohio Democrats for Bryan|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref> By May 5, [[John Roll McLean]] {{emdash}} Dewey's brother-in-law and de facto campaign manager {{emdash}} defected from the campaign and was widely considered to be silently supporting Bryan.<ref name="nytimes7">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/05/05/102593862.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/05/05/102593862.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=McLEAN DESERTS DEWEY?: Stated Positively in Columbus that the Admiral's Candidacy Is to be Gradually Abandoned |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref> Dewey recognized soon afterward that he had very little chance of gathering enough delegates from Western and Southern states to keep Bryan from attaining a two-thirds majority at the convention, publicly commenting on May 17 that he no longer knew why he had even run for president at all.<ref name="nytimes8">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/05/18/102501663.pdf|title=Admiral Dewey Loses Hope: Says Now He Doesn't Know What Prompted Him to Aspire to the Presidency|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref> He effectively withdrew at about this time. There was some support in June for his nomination as vice president on the ticket alongside Bryan; however, Dewey resolutely refused to be considered.<ref name="nytimes9">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/11/102598920.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/11/102598920.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Dewey for Vice President: Democrats May Avail Themselves of His Popularity in the Middle West|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref><ref name="nytimes10">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/13/102599261.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/13/102599261.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=DEWEY BOOM GROWS. - Democrats Favor His Candidacy for Vice President -- Other Names Proposed.|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref><ref name="nytimes11">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/16/102600092.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/16/102600092.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Dewey Not A Candidate: He Would Not Accept a Nomination for Vice President |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
Once Dewey withdrew, William Jennings Bryan faced little opposition for the nomination. He won it at the 1900 Democratic National Convention in [[Kansas City, Missouri]] on July 4–6,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://elections.harpweek.com/1900/Overview-1900-2.htm|title=Election of 1900 Overview|website=HarpWeek|access-date=2018-12-29}}</ref> garnering 936 delegate votes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schlup|first=Leonard|date=1986|title=In the Shadow of Bryan: Adlai E Stevenson and the Resurgence of Conservatism at the 1900 Convention|url=https://history.nebraska.gov/sites/history.nebraska.gov/files/doc/publications/NH1986Stevenson.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://history.nebraska.gov/sites/history.nebraska.gov/files/doc/publications/NH1986Stevenson.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|journal=Nebraska History|volume=67|pages=223, 230}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
| colspan="2" | '''Presidential ballot'''<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bain |first1=Richard C. |title=Convention Decisions and Voting Records |last2=Parris |first2=Judith H. |publisher=[[The Brookings Institution]] |year=1973 |isbn=0-8157-0768-1 |edition=2nd |series=Studies in Presidential Selection |___location=Washington, D.C. |pages= |chapter=Appendix C: Voting Records, 1900 Democratic}}</ref>
|-
|[[William Jennings Bryan]] || 936
|}
Official or speculated candidates for the vice-presidential nomination:
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
* '''[[Adlai Stevenson I]]''', Former [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] and former [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] from [[Illinois]]<ref name="nytimes12">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/07/05/102604198.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/07/05/102604198.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Revolt Against Silver May Defeat Towne: Adlai E. Stevenson Enters the Field for Vice President: A Bad Situation for Bryan: Whatever Choice Is Made Is Likely to be Unsatisfactory to Large Part of Convention |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
* '''[[Charles A. Towne]]''', Former [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] from [[Minnesota]]<ref name="nytimes13">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/10/102583903.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/10/102583903.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Vice Presidential Candidate|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
* '''[[Elliott Danforth]]''', Former [[New York State Democratic Committee|Democratic State Committee Chairman]] from [[New York (state)|New York]]<ref name="nytimes14">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/01/101057819.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/01/101057819.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Danforth for Vice President.|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref><ref name="nytimes15">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/07/02/102603020.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/07/02/102603020.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Croker on the Ground: New Yorkers Arrive at Kansas City {{emdash}} Intimate that Tammany May Not Fight Hill's Nomination |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
* '''[[William Sulzer]]''', [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] from [[New York (state)|New York]]<ref name="nytimes16">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/01/09/101043802.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/01/09/101043802.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Sulzer for Vice President: New Yorker Is Termed "the Probable Candidate" with Bryan |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref><ref name="nytimes17">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/30/101060438.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/30/101060438.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Sulzer Consults Bryan: Says He Is Not Seeking the Vice Presidency {{emdash}} His Highest Ambition to See Bryan President |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
* '''[[Joseph C. Sibley]]''', [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] from [[Pennsylvania]]<ref name="nytimes18">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/01/18/101045965.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/01/18/101045965.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=House Democrats Divided: Differences Accentuated in the Deficiency Bill Debate: Mr. Sibley Defends Mr. Gage: Congressman Driggs Resents an Imputation Cast Upon His Democracy {{emdash}} Cannon Pokes Fun at Sulzer |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref><ref name="nytimes19">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/06/102597346.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/06/102597346.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=The Indiana Convention: Platform Question Almost Lost Sight of in Excitement Over Democratic Gubernatorial Nomination |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
* '''[[Robert E. Pattison]]''', Former [[List of Governors of Pennsylvania|Governor]] of [[Pennsylvania]]<ref name="nytimes20">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/09/106885661.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/09/106885661.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Kansas Populists for Bryan: Twenty County Conventions Favor Him and ex-Gov. Pattison |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
* '''[[George F. Williams]]''', Former [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] from [[Massachusetts]]<ref name="nytimes21">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/13/102584996.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/13/102584996.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Williams for Vice President: Populists Plan to Link His Same with Bryan's |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref><ref name="nytimes22">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/30/101060516.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/30/101060516.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=George Fred Williams Talks: Denounces Hill and Cleveland, and Discusses the Platform |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
* '''James P. Tarvin''', Judge from [[Kentucky]]<ref name="nytimes23">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/14/102585348.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/14/102585348.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Altgeld Against Pattison: Ex-Governor Says Candidate Must Be the Counterpart of the Head of the Ticket |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
* '''[[George B. McClellan Jr.]]''', [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] from [[New York (state)|New York]]<ref name="nytimes9"/>
* '''[[John W. Daniel]]''', [[United States Senate|Senator]] and Former [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] from [[Virginia]]<ref name="nytimes10"/>
* '''[[John J. Lentz]]''', [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] from [[Ohio]]<ref name="nytimes24">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/19/102435692.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/19/102435692.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=The Kansas City Platform |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
* '''[[Carter Harrison IV]]''', [[Mayor of Chicago|Mayor of Chicago, Illinois]]<ref name="nytimes25">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/07/02/102603030.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/07/02/102603030.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Carter Harrison to Be Boomed |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
* '''John W. Keller''', Charities Commissioner of New York City, from [[New York (state)|New York]]<ref name="nytimes26">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/07/04/102603893.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/07/04/102603893.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Hill Humiliated by Richard Croker: Scene of Great Excitement in New York Delegation: Angry Charges on Both Sides: Fight Likely to Result in a Split in the Democratic Party: Van Wyck Given the Place on Platform Committee {{emdash}} Delegation to Support Keller for Vice President |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
{{col-break}}
* '''[[David B. Hill]]''', Former [[United States Senate|Senator]] from and former [[Governor of New York]]<ref name="nytimes27">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/05/18/102501689.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/05/18/102501689.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Bryan's Running Mate Talks: Mr. Towne Says His Name Will Be Submitted to Kansas City Convention |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref><ref name="nytimes28">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/16/102600064.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/16/102600064.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Hill for Vice President: His Nomination Is Regarded as Not Improbable: Should Republicans Select a New York Man the Democrats Would Be More Likely to Name Mr. Hill |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
* '''[[John Walter Smith]]''', [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] from [[Maryland]]<ref name="nytimes29">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/07/03/102603364.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/07/03/102603364.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Preferences of Delegates. - Most of Them Want a Money Plank That Will Avoid a Declaration in Favor of Silver at 16 to 1.|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
* '''[[Jim Hogg]]''', Former [[Governor of Texas]]<ref name="nytimes30">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/01/21/102577495.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/01/21/102577495.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Bostonians Invite Bryan: Bryan Club of Massachusetts Asks Him to Breakfast Jan. 30 |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
* '''[[Edward Atkinson (activist)|Edward Atkinson]]''', [[Economist]] and founding member of the [[American Anti-Imperialist League]] from [[Massachusetts]]<ref name="nytimes31">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/01/12/102576456.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/01/12/102576456.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Bryan and Atkinson?|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
* '''[[Winfield Scott Schley]]''', [[Rear admiral (United States)|Rear Admiral]] in the [[United States Navy]] from [[Maryland]]<ref name="nytimes30"/>
* '''[[Henry Clay Caldwell]]''', [[United States federal judge|Federal Judge]] from [[Arkansas]]<ref name="nytimes32">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/11/102584389.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011101209/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/11/102584389.pdf |archive-date=2021-10-11 |url-status=live|title=Caldwell Not a Candidate: Arkansas Judge Does Not Want Vice Presidential Nomination |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
* '''[[Alton B. Parker]]''', [[New York Court of Appeals|Chief Judge]] from [[New York (state)|New York]]<ref name="nytimes33">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/13/102584947.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/04/13/102584947.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Dewey Grows Stronger: Perry Belmont, Who Is Working for Him, Talks to Congressmen: The Feeling Against Bryan: Belief that If All Democrats Spoke Out the Admiral's Nomination Would Be Assured |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
* '''[[Benjamin F. Shively]]''', Former [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] from [[Indiana]]<ref name="nytimes34">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/13/102599263.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/13/102599263.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Letter From Admiral Schley. - Repeats His Declaration that He Has No Desire for Office.|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
* '''[[George Dewey]]''', [[Admiral of the Navy (United States)|Admiral of the Navy]] from [[Vermont]]<ref name="nytimes10"/><ref name="nytimes11"/>
* '''[[William Randolph Hearst]]''', [[Business magnate]] from [[New York (state)|New York]]<ref name="nytimes35">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/16/102600081.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/16/102600081.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Ohioans Favor W.R. Hearst |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
* '''[[Buffalo Bill|William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody]]''', soldier, bison hunter and [[showman]] from [[Colorado]]<ref name="nytimes36">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/07/01/101060749.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/07/01/101060749.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=COL. Cody for Vice President: D. J. Campan Says He Would Be as Picturesque as Roosevelt |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
* '''[[Augustus Van Wyck]]''', Former [[New York Supreme Court|Court Justice]] from [[New York (state)|New York]]<ref name="nytimes37">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/07/03/102603371.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/07/03/102603371.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=For Hill or Towne: Anti or Pro Silver: Contest for Vice Presidential Nomination Narrows: Shively Retires from Field: Sulzer's Boom Is Regarded as Dead or Dying {{emdash}} Hill Will Not Run on a 16 to 1 Platform; Towne Will |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
{{col-end}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
| colspan="3" | '''Vice presidential ballot'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Havel |first=James T. |title=U.S. Presidential Elections and the Candidates: A Biographical and Historical Guide |publisher=Simon & Schuster |year=1996 |isbn=0-02-864623-1 |volume=2: The Elections, 1789-1992 |___location=New York |pages=77}}</ref>
|-
| Ballot || 1st before shifts || 1st after shifts
|-
|[[Adlai E. Stevenson I|Adlai E. Stevenson]] || 559.5 || 936
|-
|[[David B. Hill]]|| 200 || 0
|-
|[[Charles A. Towne]] || 89.5|| 0
|-
|[[Abraham W. Patrick]] || 46|| 0
|-
|[[Julian Carr (industrialist)|Julian Carr]] || 23|| 0
|-
|[[John Walter Smith]] || 16|| 0
|-
|[[Elliott Danforth]] || 1|| 0
|-
|[[Jim Hogg]] || 1 || 0
|-
|}
===People's Party nomination===
As the nation's third-largest party, the Populists had made an organizational decision in 1896 to "fuse" with the Democratic Party on the national level, their identity kept separate by the nomination of two different candidates for vice president. At the state level, local Populist parties were left at liberty to proceed as they saw fit. In the Plains states, the Populists fused with the Democrats and, in some states, replaced them entirely. In the South, the Populists fused with the Republican Party. The result, though Bryan was defeated, was that the Populists greatly enlarged their representation in Congress from 10 to 26. In several southern states, however, the legislatures were still controlled by the Democrats, and they began passing a series of laws to eliminate the franchise for black voters with the intention of undermining a significant bloc of Populist support. The move had its intended consequences; in the 1898 mid-term election, Populist representation in the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] fell to 9, its lowest level since the party was founded.
The treatment of Populists by Democrats led to a division within the party. On May 17, 1899, Populist leaders met in St. Louis and issued an address calling for a "Middle of the Road" policy in which the party would decline future fusion efforts. The statement was primarily aimed at the party's national chairman, U.S. Senator [[Marion Butler]] of North Carolina, <!--[New York Times, May 18, 1899]-->who had been elected to the Senate through fusion with North Carolina Republicans and was already working for the renomination of William Jennings Bryan on the 1900 Populist ticket. The pro-fusion leaders of the Populists fought back in early 1900. The first state party known to have split was the Nebraska party, which divided during its state convention on March 19. <!--[New York Times, March 20, 1900]-->Both factions appointed delegates to the national convention, scheduled for Cincinnati. Ultimately, the Fusion Populists decided to hold a separate national convention when it became apparent that the Ohio Populists did not favor fusion and were working to organize a convention which would not nominate Bryan.
==== "Fusion" Populist nomination ====
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|<big>'''1900 "Fusionist" People's Party ticket'''</big>
|-
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#6EC96F; width:200px;"| [[William Jennings Bryan|{{color|white|William Jennings Bryan}}]]
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#6EC96F; width:200px;"| [[Adlai Stevenson I|{{color|white|Adlai Stevenson}}]]
|-
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#ACE1AF; width:200px;"|'''''for President'''''
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#ACE1AF; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President'''''
|-
| [[File:WilliamJBryan1902.jpg|center|200x200px]]
| [[File:Adlai Stevenson I by Saroney c1892-crop.jpg|center|200x200px]]
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]]<br>for [[Nebraska's 1st congressional district|Nebraska's 1st]]<br><small>(1891–1895)</small>
| [[List of vice presidents of the United States|23rd]]<br>[[Vice President of the United States]]<br><small>(1893–1897)</small>
|-
| colspan=2 |[[William Jennings Bryan presidential campaign, 1900|'''Campaign''']]
|-
|}
The "Fusion" Populist National Convention assembled in a large tent just west of [[Sioux Falls, South Dakota]] on May 9 and unanimously nominated Bryan for the presidency. [[Charles A. Towne|Charles Towne]], the leader of the Silver Republican Party, was almost unanimously nominated as his running mate, facing only weak opposition from Representative [[John J. Lentz|John Lentz]] from Ohio. When [[Adlai E. Stevenson I|Adlai Stevenson]] won the Democratic vice-presidential nomination over Towne, Towne withdrew from the race and the Fusion Populists endorsed Stevenson.
{{Clear}}
===="Middle of the Road" Populist nomination====
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|<big>'''1900 "Middle-Road" People's Party ticket'''</big>
|-
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#6EC96F; width:200px;"| [[Wharton Barker|{{color|white|Wharton Barker}}]]
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#6EC96F; width:200px;"| [[Ignatius L. Donnelly|{{color|white|Ignatius Donnelly}}]]
|-
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#ACE1AF; width:200px;"|'''''for President'''''
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#ACE1AF; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President'''''
|-
| [[File:Wharton Barker cph.3b20311.jpg|center|200x200px]]
| [[File:IgnatiusDonnelly1898.jpg|center|200x200px]]
|-
| Financier and Publisher<br>from [[Pennsylvania]]
| Member of the [[Minnesota House of Representatives|Minnesota<br>House of Representatives]]<br><small>(1897–1898)</small>
|-
|}
<!--ISBN: 07-079786-2 Pgs 1883-1884 -->
Meeting in [[Cincinnati]], Ohio, the "Middle of the Road" faction adopted a platform that called for the creation of [[fiat money]], government ownership of key industries and the opening of conservation lands for economic development. Businessman [[Wharton Barker]] was nominated for the presidency, while Representative [[Ignatius L. Donnelly|Ignatius Donnelly]] was chosen as his running mate.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|+The balloting
|-
!Presidential ballot!! 1st !! 2nd !!Vice presidential ballot!! 1st
|-
![[Wharton Barker]] !!314.4!!370!![[Ignatius L. Donnelly]] !!715
|-
![[Milford W. Howard]] !!326.6!!336!! !!
|-
![[Ignatius L. Donnelly]] !!70!!7!! !!
|-
!Others !!3!!2!! !!
|}
{{Clear}}
===Minor party nominations===
====Social Democratic Party nomination====
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|<big>'''1900 Social Democratic Party ticket'''</big>
|-
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#CD3700; width:200px;"| [[Eugene V. Debs|{{color|white|Eugene Debs}}]]
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#CD3700; width:200px;"| [[Job Harriman|{{color|white|Job Harriman}}]]
|-
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#FF8457; width:200px;"|'''''for President'''''
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#FF8457; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President'''''
|-
| [[File:Eugene V. Debs, bw photo portrait, 1897.jpg|center|200x200px]]
| [[File:Harriman-job-1902.jpg|center|200x200px]]
|-
| [[Indiana House of Representatives|State Representative]]<br>from [[Indiana]]<br><small>(1885–1887)</small>
| Attorney at Law<br>from [[California]]
|-
|}
[[Social Democracy of America]] was founded by in June 1897, and was later reformed as the [[Social Democratic Party of America]] in 1898 while the [[Socialist Labor Party of America]] was having internal struggles. [[James F. Carey]], who had been elected to the city council in [[Haverhill, Massachusetts]], was expelled from the Socialist Labor Party. [[Eugene V. Debs]], Carey, and Sylvester Keliher founded the Social Democratic Party. Carey and [[Louis M. Scates]] were elected to the [[Massachusetts House of Representatives]] while [[John C. Chase]] was elected as mayor of Haverhill. [[Victor L. Berger]] led the party in [[Milwaukee]], [[Wisconsin]], and a slate of candidates received almost six percent of the vote in the 1898 election. Twenty members had been elected to office by 1900.<ref name="socialist">{{cite book |last=Morgan |first=H. Wayne |date=1962 |title=Eugene V. Debs: Socialist for President |publisher=[[Syracuse University Press]]}}</ref>
[[Morris Hillquit]] and members of his faction, the Kangaroos, in the Socialist Labor Party attempted to oust [[Daniel De Leon]] from the party's leadership at the 1899 convention. The Kangaroo faction was removed from the party and formed their own Socialist Labor Party. The Kangaroo faction lost a court case against De Leon for control of the party. They nominated [[Job Harriman]] for president and [[Max S. Hayes]] for vice president although they were not meant to run in the 1900 election and were instead used for a compromise with the [[Social Democratic Party of America]].<ref name="socialist" />
The Social Democrats had been invited to the Kangaroos' convention, but declined although the Social Democrats supported unity between the parties. The Social Democratic National Executive Board allowed for the Kangaroo faction to send delegates to its national convention. The Kangaroos passed a resolution supporting unity and created a unity committee. Sixty-seven delegates from thirty-two states attuned the 1900 convention and voted by acclamation to give their presidential nomination to Debs. Hayes and Harriman were both nominated for the vice-presidential nomination and Harriman won it.<ref name="socialist" />
The executive board announced on May 12, 1900, that they would not support unity with the Kangaroos after accusing them of being too dogmatic and impeding a unity referendum. The Kangaroo unity committee sent out sent out ballots to members of both groups and both voted in favor of unity. The Kangaroos nominated Debs and Harriman as their presidential ticket which Debs accepted on July 31. Debs and [[George D. Herron]] started the party's campaign on September 29, at Chicago's Music Hall. Debs received 87,945 votes with his largest amount of support coming from [[1900 United States presidential election in New York|New York]] and [[1900 United States presidential election in Illinois|Illinois]]. Debs received over ten times the number of votes in [[Chicago]] that the Socialist Labor Party had in the 1896 election.<ref name="socialist" /> Debs received more votes than any presidential ticket from the Socialist Labor Party.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haynes |first=Fred |date=1924 |page=77 |title=Social Politics in the United States |publisher=[[Riverside Insights|The Riverside Press Cambridge]]}}</ref> The Kangaroo faction and the Social Democrats later merged into the [[Socialist Party of America]] in 1901.<ref>{{cite book |last=Currie |first=Harold W. |date=1976 |title=Eugene V. Debs |publisher=[[Gale (publisher)|Twayne Publishers]]}}</ref>
====Prohibition Party nomination====
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|<big>'''1900 Prohibition Party ticket'''</big>
|-
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#FF00FF; width:200px;"| [[John G. Woolley|{{color|white|John Woolley}}]]
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#FF00FF; width:200px;"| [[Henry B. Metcalf|{{color|white|Henry Metcalf}}]]
|-
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#FFB3FF; width:200px;"|'''''for President'''''
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#FFB3FF; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President'''''
|-
| [[File:Woolley-John-G-1898.tif|center|200x200px]]
| [[File:Henry B. Metcalf 1900.png|center|200x200px]]
|-
| Editor of ''The New Voice''<br>from [[Illinois]]<br><br><!--[NYT June 29, 1900]-->
| [[Rhode Island Senate|State Senator]]<br>from [[Rhode Island]]<br><small>(1885–1886)</small><!--[NYT June 29, 1900]-->
|-
|}
=====Other candidates=====
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|- <sup>†</sup>
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:120%; color:white; background:{{party color|Prohibition Party}};"|''Candidates in this section are sorted by performance''
|- style="font-size:120%;"
! scope="col" style="width:3em;" | [[Silas C. Swallow]]
! scope="col" style="width:3em;" | [[Hale Johnson]]
|-
| [[File:Silas C Swallow 1904.jpg|center|x120px]]
| [[File:Hale Johnson (1847-1902) (10506934603) (1).jpg|center|x120px]]
|- style="text-align:center"
| Methodist Preacher from [[Pennsylvania]]
| Mayor of [[Newton, Illinois|Newton]], [[Illinois]]<br /><small>(???–???)</small>
|- style="text-align:center"
|
<small>'''320''' votes</small>
|'''{{abbr|W|Withdrew}}''': <small>Before 1st Ballot</small>
<small>(endorsed Woolley)</small>
|}
<!--Source: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/29/101060335.pdf -->
The Prohibition Party met in Chicago, Illinois on June 28 to nominate their presidential ticket. [[Hale Johnson]], who had been their vice-presidential nominee in 1896, withdrew his name immediately before the balloting was to begin. [[John G. Woolley]] was nominated on the first ballot, with [[Henry B. Metcalf]] of Rhode Island nominated to be his running mate in short order.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|+The Balloting
|-
!Presidential Ballot!! 1st !!Vice Presidential Ballot!! 1st
|-
![[John G. Woolley]] !!380!![[Henry B. Metcalf]] !!349
|-
![[Silas C. Swallow]] !!320!![[Thomas Carskadon]] !!132
|-
! !! !!E. L. Eaton !!113
|-
!Not Voting !!35!! !!141
|}
====Lincoln Republican nomination====
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|<big>'''1900 Lincoln Republican ticket'''</big>
|-
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#A3BFBA; width:200px;"| [[William Jennings Bryan|{{color|white|William Jennings Bryan}}]]
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#A3BFBA; width:200px;"| [[Adlai Stevenson I|{{color|white|Adlai Stevenson}}]]
|-
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#DCE5E3; width:200px;"|'''''for President'''''
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#DCE5E3; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President'''''
|-
| [[File:WilliamJBryan1902.jpg|center|200x200px]]
| [[File:Adlai Stevenson I by Saroney c1892-crop.jpg|center|200x200px]]
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]]<br>for [[Nebraska's 1st congressional district|Nebraska's 1st]]<br><small>(1891–1895)</small>
| [[List of vice presidents of the United States|23rd]]<br>[[Vice President of the United States]]<br><small>(1893–1897)</small>
|-
| colspan=2 |[[William Jennings Bryan presidential campaign, 1900|'''Campaign''']]
|-
|}
The [[Silver Republican Party|Lincoln Republican Party]], formerly the '''Silver Republican Party''', had by 1900 come to recognize that the issue of [[bimetallism]] had been superseded by that of [[imperialism]], and it was hoped that a broader platform in line with the perceived values of [[Abraham Lincoln]] would allow the Party to evolve beyond its singular issue of free silver.<!--[NYT April 22, 1900]--><!--[NYT July 1, 1900]-->
The Lincoln Republicans assembled in Kansas City, Missouri, at the same time as the Democratic National Convention held in the same city. Committed to endorsing [[William Jennings Bryan]] for the presidency, the primary aim of many of those attending was to promote the nomination of national chairman [[Charles A. Towne|Charles Towne]] for the vice presidency by the Democratic Party, an effort endorsed by Fusionist Populists who had nominated Towne to the same position two months earlier. Unfortunately for those who boomed Towne these efforts may have backfired, pushing away Democratic delegates who might have otherwise been favorable to Towne by presenting the ticket of Bryan and Towne as a fait accompli, with Southern Democratic delegates themselves preferring a vice-presidential nominee who'd appeal to voters the Democratic Party lost in the Northeast and Midwest four years prior. Hopes for a personal endorsement of Towne by Bryan were also dashed when Bryan, who personally preferred Towne of those candidates in running and was expected to make mention of this in an acceptance, decided against going to the convention or involving himself in the vice-presidential contest. Ultimately, Towne was a distant third, with [[Adlai Stevenson I|Adlai Stevenson]] winning the nod.<!--[NYT July 5, 1900]--><!--[NYT July 6, 1900]--><!--[NYT July 7, 1900]-->
The nomination of Stevenson, who'd previously served as [[Grover Cleveland]]'s vice president, outraged many of the Lincoln Republicans still in attendance, and in the ensuing pandemonium attempts were made to nominate Charles Towne for the vice presidency. Only when Charles Towne himself addressed the convention did the anger settle. Declining the efforts to nominate him, Towne pleaded with the delegates present to accept and support the Democratic ticket as it was, noting that Bryan was at the head of it and much of the Democratic Platform was aligned with that of the Lincoln Republicans. Others, such as Senator [[Fred Dubois]], Senator [[Henry M. Teller|Henry Teller]], and [[John F. Shafroth|John Shafroth]] made similar speeches calling for support for Bryan and Stevenson. It was eventually decided that the question of the vice presidential nomination would be handled by the National Committee. They would formalize and endorsement of Adlai Stevenson for the vice presidency the following day, in deference to Towne's wishes.<!--[NYT July 7, 1900]--><!--[NYT July 8, 1900]-->
====Anti-Imperialist League nomination====
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|<big>'''1900 Anti-Imperialist League ticket'''</big>
|-
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#FFC14E; width:200px;"| [[William Jennings Bryan|{{color|white|William Jennings Bryan}}]]
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#FFC14E; width:200px;"| [[Adlai Stevenson I|{{color|white|Adlai Stevenson}}]]
|-
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#FFE1A8; width:200px;"|'''''for President'''''
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#FFE1A8; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President'''''
|-
| [[File:WilliamJBryan1902.jpg|center|200x200px]]
| [[File:Adlai Stevenson I by Saroney c1892-crop.jpg|center|200x200px]]
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]]<br>for [[Nebraska's 1st congressional district|Nebraska's 1st]]<br><small>(1891–1895)</small>
| [[List of vice presidents of the United States|23rd]]<br>[[Vice President of the United States]]<br><small>(1893–1897)</small>
|-
| colspan=2 |[[William Jennings Bryan presidential campaign, 1900|'''Campaign''']]
|-
|}
The [[American Anti-Imperialist League]] had been formed in 1898 in opposition to the acquisition of the Philippine Islands, considering its annexation violating the concept of "[[consent of the governed]]". While not formalized as a political party, there existed a movement within the League that sought to nominate an independent ticket to run solely on the platform of anti-imperialism or, barring that, to endorse whichever Republican or Democratic presidential nominee that was themselves anti-imperialist. Upon the nominations of McKinley and Bryan however, there were immediate divisions on whether to endorse Bryan and the Democratic Platform, many sympathizing Republicans and Gold Democrats finding it anathema to their own political philosophies beyond its denouncement of imperialism; already by July some were considering supporting McKinley in November. Later that same month a call was made for a National Convention to meet in Indianapolis on August 15 with the intention of either endorsing or nominating a ticket for the general election. Discussions were held with remnants of [[National Democratic Party (United States)|National Democratic Party]] about the possibility of a fusion ticket, but this was voted down by their national committee. Then discussed names for possible presidential candidates were former Speaker [[Thomas Brackett Reed|Thomas Reed]], former Secretary of State [[Richard Olney]], former Massachusetts Governor [[George S. Boutwell|George Boutwell]], and former Senator [[John B. Henderson|John Henderson]]<!--[NYT July 10, 1900]--><!--[NYT July 24, 1900]--><!--[NYT July 25, 1900]--><!--[NYT July 26, 1900]--><!--[NYT August 15, 1900]-->
From the beginning the headwinds were in Bryan's favor, with permanent President [[George S. Boutwell|George Boutwell]] addressing the convention and calling for the endorsement of the Democratic ticket, this followed in speeches by former General [[John Beatty (Ohio banker)|John Beatty]], [[Edgar Bancroft]], and Gamaliel Bradford. The resolution to endorse Bryan however was subject to prolonged debate, its principal opponents being representatives of the "third-ticket" movement led by [[Thomas Mott Osborne|Thomas Osborne]]. Osborne and those who followed him theorized that many anti-imperialists would not be willing to vote for Bryan or in favor of the Democratic Platform, and would be better served by a candidate of their own. Charles Codman, the author of the resolution, and Edwin Burritt Smith countered that all issues were secondary to the issue of imperialism, and that the most effective means by which to put an anti-imperialist in office should be used. In a voice vote, the Platform of the "Liberty Congress" as it was then known as adopted overwhelmingly, with all amendments to strike the endorsement of the Bryan/Stevenson ticket being voted down. Osborne and other "third-ticketers" would then bolt to the then nearby organizing National Party.<!--[NYT August 15, 1900]--><!--[NYT August 16, 1900]--><!--[NYT August 17, 1900]-->
====National Party nomination====
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|<big>'''1900 National Party ticket'''</big>
|-
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#EE6666; width:200px;"| [[Donelson Caffery|{{color|white|Donelson Caffery}}]]
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#EE6666; width:200px;"| [[Archibald M. Howe|{{color|white|Archibald Howe}}]]
|-
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#F6B7B7; width:200px;"|'''''for President'''''
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#F6B7B7; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President'''''
|-
| [[File:Donelson Caffery.jpg|center|200x200px]]
| [[File:Howe, Archilbald M. (1848-1916).JPG|center|200x200px]]
|-
| [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]]<br>from [[Louisiana]]<br><small>(1892–1901)</small><br>'''{{abbr|DN|Declined Nomination}}''': <small>September 21</small>
| Attorney at Law and Historian<br>from [[Massachusetts]]<br><br>'''{{abbr|DN|Declined Nomination}}: '''<small>September 22</small>
|-
|}
The National Party was an outgrowth of the "third-ticket" movement that existed within the Anti-Imperialist League. The first steps towards its formation were taken after the failure of a number of anti-imperialists, among them [[Thomas Mott Osborne|Thomas Osborne]] and [[John Jay Chapman]], to convince the [[National Democratic Party (United States)|National Democratic Party]] to either nominate or endorse a third party ticket. A statement was then released by the attending League delegates from New York, denouncing both the Republican and Democratic parties, advocating for the independence of the Philippines and Porto Rico [sic], supporting gold standard and a sound banking system, calling for the abolition of special privileges, and demanding a public service based on merit exclusively. They also called for a national convention to be held from August 14 to 15, which would have placed it alongside the "national" League Convention that was being held from August 15 to August 16.
As the delegates arrived in Indianapolis, it was hoped that the League could be convinced to nominate a third party ticket, with the National Party then offering its endorsement. It swiftly became clear however that the majority of the delegates to the Anti-Imperialist League Convention were in sympathy with Bryan and prepared to endorse him, and attempts on the part of anti-Bryan delegates to kept the platform at least non-committal on the subject of the presidential race were unsuccessful. Those League delegates that were associated with the National Party then left and proceeded to elect Thomas Osborne as Permanent Chairman, calling for a new national convention to be held on September 5. It is claimed that at the time the National Party presidential nomination was offered to [[Moorfield Storey]], but Storey declined and ultimately opted to run as an Anti-Imperialist Independent in the 11th District of Massachusetts; [[William Jackson Palmer]] was suggested as a vice-presidential nominee to run alongside him.<!--[NYT July 25, 1900]--><!--[NYT July 26, 1900]--><!--[NYT August 14, 1900]--><!--[NYT August 16, 1900]--><!--[NYT August 17, 1900]-->
Meeting in [[Carnegie Hall]] (then Chamber Music Hall) on 5 September, the National Party was formalized, nominating Senator [[Donelson Caffery]] of Louisiana for the presidency, and historian [[Archibald M. Howe|Archibald Howe]] of Massachusetts for the vice presidency. Though there was some concern over whether Caffery would accept the nomination if offered, Osborne claimed that he had been communicating with Caffrey and that he was both sympathetic to the National Party and willing to be their candidate for the presidency. The party platform was virtually identical to the one offered by the League committee back in July, though the definition of "special privileges was defined as "subsidies, bounties, undeserved pensions, or trust-busting tariffs." A strategy was also adopted where, in those States where it was impractical to nominate a full slate of electors, a single elector would be nominated instead, allowing for voters to vote the Nationalist ticket as well as one other of their choice; it was hoped that this might avail concerns that the Nationalists would take votes away from either Bryan or McKinley, depending on the voters' sympathies.<!--[NYT September 6, 1900]-->
Unfortunately for the Nationalist Party Senator Cafferty declined the nomination some weeks later, resulting in a scramble where [[Arthur Briggs Farquhar]], owner of the [[Pennsylvania Agricultural Works]], was considered as a possible replacement. A day later, on September 21, the Massachusetts branch of the Party voted to disband. It was then hoped that unpledged electors could be nominated, but papers were only ever taken out for one, [[Edward Waldo Emerson]] of Massachusetts.<!--[NYT September 21, 1900]--><!--[NYT September 22, 1900]--><!--[NYT September 27, 1900]-->
====Other nominations====
The [[Union Reform Party of Ohio|Union Reform Party]] nominated [[Seth H. Ellis]] of Ohio for president and Samuel T. Nicholson for vice president.
The [[United Christian Party (United States)|United Christian Party]] nominated Jonah F. R. Leonard for president, and David H. Martin for vice president. Initially, the party had nominated [[Silas C. Swallow]] for president and [[John G. Woolley]] for vice president, but both men refused, choosing instead to contest the Prohibition Party nomination ''(of which Woolley would emerge the victor)''.
==General election==
===Campaign===
[[File:McKinley Prosperity.jpg|thumb|right|150px|McKinley campaigns on gold coin (gold standard) with support from soldiers, businessmen, farmers and professionals, claiming to restore prosperity at home and victory abroad]]
The economy was booming in 1900, so the Republican slogan of "Four More Years of the Full Dinner Pail," combined with victory in the brief [[Spanish–American War]] in 1898, had a powerful electoral appeal. Teddy Roosevelt had become a national hero fighting in Cuba during the war, and as such he was a popular spokesman for the Republican ticket. Roosevelt proved highly energetic, and an equal match for William Jennings Bryan's famous barnstorming style of campaigning. Roosevelt's theme was that McKinley had brought America peace and prosperity and deserved re-election. In a whirlwind campaign, Roosevelt made 480 stops in 23 states.<ref>John M. Hilpert, ''American Cyclone: Theodore Roosevelt and His 1900 Whistle-Stop Campaign'' (U Press of Mississippi, 2015).</ref> In his speeches, he repeatedly argued that the war had been just and had liberated the Cubans and Filipinos from Spanish tyranny:<ref>[Brands 1997: 400]</ref>
{{blockquote|
Four years ago the nation was uneasy because at our very doors an American island was writhing in hideous agony under a worse than medieval despotism. We had our Armenia at our threshold. The situation in Cuba had become such that we could no longer stand quiet and retain one shred of self-respect.... We drew the sword and waged the most righteous and brilliantly successful foreign war that this generation has seen.
}}
Bryan's campaign was built around the issue of imperialism and the Philippine-American War. Bryan had supported the Spanish-American War, but opposed the annexation of the Philippines. He said McKinley had simply replaced a cruel Spanish tyranny with a cruel American one. Bryan was especially harsh in his criticisms of the American military effort to suppress a bloody rebellion by Filipino guerillas. This theme won over some previous opponents, especially "hard money" Germans, former [[National Democratic Party (United States)|Gold Democrats]], and anti-imperialists such as [[Andrew Carnegie]]. In addition, he was not as successful in 1900, because prosperity had replaced severe depression and McKinley claimed credit. Advocates of enlarging the money supply to raise prices had to admit that a great deal of new gold was flowing into the world economy, and deflation (i.e. falling prices) was no longer a threat.
Both candidates repeated their 1896 campaign techniques, with McKinley campaigning again from the front porch of his home in [[Canton, Ohio]]. At the peak of the campaign, he greeted sixteen delegations and 30,000 cheering supporters in one day. Meanwhile, Bryan took to the rails again, traveling 18,000 miles to hundreds of rallies across the Midwest and East. This time, he was matched by Theodore Roosevelt, who campaigned just as energetically in 24 states, covering 21,000 miles by train.
[[File:Germans1900.jpg|thumb|left|150px|The [[German-American]] vote in 1900 was in doubt since they opposed both Bryan's "repudiation" policy and overseas "expansion" under McKinley.]]
The triumph of the American army and navy in the war against Spain was a decisive factor in building Republican support. Democrats tried to argue that the war was not over because of the insurgency in the Philippines; this became their major issue. A perception that the [[Philippine–American War]] was coming to an end would be an electoral asset for the Republicans, and the McKinley administration stated that there were reductions of troops there. Republicans pledged that the fighting in the Philippines would die down of its own accord within sixty days of McKinley's re-election.<ref>[Miller 1982: 143]; Detroit Evening News, September 7, 1900; San Francisco Call, September 8, 21, 1900; Boston Evening Transcript, September 20, 1900</ref>
However, as one lieutenant explained in a letter to his wife, "It looks good on paper, but there really has been no reduction of the force here. These battalions [being sent home] are made up on men...about to be discharged."<ref>[Miller 1982: 148]; Lt. Samuel Powell Lyon to his wife, April 12, 1900, Carlisle Collection</ref>
In addition, Secretary of War [[Elihu Root]] had a report from MacArthur of September 1900 that he did not release until after the election.<ref>[Miller 1982: 143, 148]</ref> General [[Arthur MacArthur, Jr.]], had been in command of the Philippines for four months, warning Washington that the war was not lessening and that the end was not even in sight. MacArthur believed that the guerrilla stage of the war was just beginning and that Filipinos were refining their techniques through experience. Furthermore, Philippine leader [[Emilio Aguinaldo]]'s strategy had popular support. MacArthur wrote:
{{blockquote|The success of this unique system of war depends upon almost complete unity of action of the entire native population. That such unity is a fact is too obvious to admit of discussion; how it is brought about and maintained is not so plain. Intimidation has undoubtedly accomplished much to this end, but fear as the only motive is hardly sufficient to account for the united and apparently spontaneous action of several millions of people. One traitor in each town would eventually destroy such a complex organization. It is more probable that the adhesive principle comes from ethological homogeneity, which induces men to respond for a time to the appeals of consanguineous leadership even when such action is opposed to their interests and convictions of expediency.<ref>[Miller 1982: 150–151]; [[Literary Digest]] 21 (1900): 605–606</ref>}}
Nonetheless, the majority of soldiers in the Philippines did not support Bryan. Any mention of the election of 1900 in the soldiers' letters and diaries indicated overwhelming support for the Republican ticket of McKinley and Roosevelt. According to Sergeant Beverly Daley, even the "howling Democrats" favored McKinley. Private Hambleton wrote, "Of course, there are some boys who think Bryan is the whole cheese, but they don't say too much."<ref>[Miller 1982: 187]; Letters of Sergeant Beverly Daley, November 16, 1900, Private Hambleton, March 4, 1900.</ref>
Despite Bryan's energetic efforts, the renewed prosperity under McKinley, combined with the public's approval of the [[Spanish–American War]], allowed McKinley to gain a comfortable victory.
===Results===
[[File:PresidentialCounty1900Colorbrewer.gif|right|thumb|400px|Results by county explicitly indicating the percentage for the winning candidate. Shades of red are for McKinley (Republican), shades of blue are for Bryan (Democratic), and shades of green are for "Other(s)" (Non-Democratic/Non-Republican).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9WaaAAAAIAAJ |title=The Presidential Vote, 1896-1932 – Google Books |publisher=Stanford University Press |access-date=August 12, 2014|year=1934|isbn=9780804716963 }}</ref>]]
Theodore Roosevelt, the vice-presidential candidate on the Republican ticket, attracted unusual attention in the campaign, and it has been commonly asserted that he brought a considerable number of votes to the Republican ticket.
34% of the voting age population and 73.7% of eligible voters participated in the election.{{sfn|Abramson|Aldrich|Rohde|1995|p=99}} McKinley polled roughly 7,200,000 votes. He carried 28 states with a combined 292 electoral votes (65.32%). He slightly increased his national percentage (51.60%) with 120,000 more votes than in 1896. This change is reflected in the gains made in number of counties carried; McKinley had 222 more counties than he had carried in 1896, thus gaining a slight majority of the total number of counties making returns in 1900.
Of the 2,729 counties making returns, McKinley won in 1,385 (50.75%) while Bryan carried 1,340 (49.10%). Two counties (0.07%) were split evenly between McKinley and Bryan, while two counties (0.07%) in Texas recorded more votes cast for "Other(s)" than either of the two-party candidates. McKinley had a majority in 1,288 counties while Bryan had a majority in 1,253 counties.
Further examination reveals that changes in counties were even more impressive. Of the 2,729 counties making returns, 2,286 were identical in these two elections; 113 changed from Republican to Democratic; and 328 changed from Democratic to Republican.
A notable feature was the gains Bryan made in the [[New England]] and [[Northeastern United States|(Northeastern)]] [[Mid-Atlantic states|Mid-Atlantic]] sections, with also a slight gain in the [[East North Central States|East North Central]] section.<ref name=pg9>The Presidential Vote, 1896–1932, Edgar E. Robinson, pg. 9</ref> Bryan even managed to win [[New York City]] by almost 30,000 votes when he had lost it by more than 60,000 votes just 4 years earlier.<ref>The Presidential Vote, 1896–1932, Edgar E. Robinson, pg. 37</ref> In all other sections, Bryan's vote was less than in 1896, and in the nation his total vote was 23,000 less than in 1896. The percentage of total was 45.52, a slight loss. Kentucky, which he carried this time, showed an increase of 17,005. In 16 states, the Democratic vote increased, but in 29 states it was less than in 1896. Bryan carried only 17 states. This was the only one of his three runs in which he failed to carry his home state of Nebraska.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historical U.S. Presidential Elections 1789-2020 - 270toWin |url=https://www.270towin.com/historical-presidential-elections/ |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=270toWin.com}}</ref>
This was the last election in which the Republicans won the majority of electoral votes in Maryland until 1920. It is also the last election in which a Republican won the presidency without winning Idaho and Montana. In addition, this would also be the last election in 100 years when the Republican candidate would win without earning a minimum of 300 electoral votes. That did not occur again until [[George W. Bush]] narrowly defeated [[Al Gore]] in the [[2000 United States presidential election]]. This was the first election since 1880 where any party won consecutive elections. This was the first time since 1872 that the winning candidate won by a margin of more than 5 points.
9.27% of McKinley's votes came from the eleven states of the former Confederacy, with him taking 35.54% of the vote in that region. His overall share of the vote in the south rose by 0.24% from the previous election while the share of his vote coming from the south fell from 11.36%.{{sfn|Sherman|1973|p=263}}
[[File: United States Electoral College 1900.svg]]
{{start U.S. presidential ticket box| pv_footnote=| ev_footnote=}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[William McKinley]] (incumbent)| party=[[
{{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[William Jennings Bryan]]| party=[[Democratic Party (United States
{{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[John
{{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Eugene
{{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Wharton Barker]]| party=[[
{{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Joseph
{{U.S. presidential ticket box
{{end U.S. presidential ticket box| pv=13,997,426| ev=447| to_win=224}}
'''Source (popular vote):''' {{Leip PV source 2| year=1900| as of=July 28, 2005}}
'''Source (electoral vote):''' {{National Archives EV source| year=1900| as of=July 31, 2005}}
{{bar box
|title=Popular vote
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars=
{{bar percent|'''McKinley'''|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|51.64}}
{{bar percent|Bryan|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|45.52}}
{{bar percent|Woolley|#ff9955|1.51}}
{{bar percent|Debs|#0BDA51|0.63}}
{{bar percent|Barker|#008000|0.36}}
{{bar percent|Others|#777777|0.34}}
}}
{{bar box
|title=Electoral vote
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars=
{{bar percent|'''McKinley'''|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|65.32}}
{{bar percent|Bryan|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|34.68}}
}}
===Geography of results===
[[File:1900 Electoral Map.png|650px|thumb|left]]
<gallery perrow="3" widths="500px" heights="317px">
Image:1900 United States presidential election results map by county.svg|Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote
</gallery>
====Cartographic gallery====
<gallery perrow="4" widths="200px" heights="157px">
Image:PresidentialCounty1900Colorbrewer.gif|Map of presidential election results by county
Image:RepublicanPresidentialCounty1900Colorbrewer.gif|Map of Republican presidential election results by county
Image:DemocraticPresidentialCounty1900Colorbrewer.gif|Map of Democratic presidential election results by county
Image:OtherPresidentialCounty1900Colorbrewer.gif|Map of "other" presidential election results by county
Image:CartogramPresidentialCounty1900Colorbrewer.gif|[[Cartogram]] of presidential election results by county
Image:CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1900Colorbrewer.gif|Cartogram of Republican presidential election results by county
Image:CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1900Colorbrewer.gif|Cartogram of Democratic presidential election results by county
Image:CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1900Colorbrewer.gif|Cartogram of "other" presidential election results by county
</gallery>
===Results by state===
Source: <ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1900&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0|title=1900 Presidential General Election Data - National|access-date=March 18, 2013}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
|States/districts won by [[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]]/[[Adlai Stevenson I|Stevenson]]
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
|States/districts won by [[William McKinley|McKinley]]/[[Theodore Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]
|}<div style="overflow:auto">
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|-
! colspan=2 |
! align=center colspan=3 | William McKinley<br>Republican
! align=center colspan=3 | William Jennings Bryan<br>Democratic
! align=center colspan=3 | John Woolley<br>Prohibition
! align=center colspan=3 | Eugene V. Debs<br>Social Democratic
! align=center colspan=3 | Wharton Barker<br>Populist
! align=center colspan=3 | Joseph F. Malloney<br>Socialist Labor
! align=center colspan=2 | Margin
! align=center colspan=2 | State Total
|-
! align=center | State
! style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number" | electoral<br>votes
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number" | electoral<br>votes
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number" | electoral<br>votes
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number" | electoral<br>votes
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number" | electoral<br>votes
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number" | electoral<br>votes
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number" | electoral<br>votes
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number" | #
!
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Alabama|Alabama]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 11
| 55,612
| 34.82
| -
| 97,129
| 60.82
| 11
| 2,763
| 1.73
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 4,188
| 2.62
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -41,517
| -26.00
| 159,692
| style="text-align:center;" | AL
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Arkansas|Arkansas]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 8
| 44,800
| 35.04
| -
| 81,142
| 63.46
| 8
| 584
| 0.46
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 972
| 0.76
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -36,342
| -28.42
| 127,866
| style="text-align:center;" | AR
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in California|California]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| 164,755
| 54.50
| 9
| 124,985
| 41.34
| -
| 5,024
| 1.66
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 7,554
| 2.50
| -
| 39,770
| 13.16
| 302,318
| style="text-align:center;" | CA
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Colorado|Colorado]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| 93,072
| 42.04
| -
| 122,733
| 55.43
| 4
| 3,790
| 1.71
| -
| 714
| 0.32
| -
| 389
| 0.18
| -
| 684
| 0.31
| -
| -29,661
| -13.39
| 221,408
| style="text-align:center;" | CO
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Connecticut|Connecticut]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
| 102,572
| 56.92
| 6
| 74,014
| 41.07
| -
| 1,617
| 0.90
| -
| 1,029
| 0.57
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 908
| 0.50
| -
| 28,558
| 15.85
| 180,195
| style="text-align:center;" | CT
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Delaware|Delaware]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| 22,535
| 53.67
| 3
| 18,852
| 44.90
| -
| 546
| 1.30
| -
| 56
| 0.13
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 3,683
| 8.77
| 41,989
| style="text-align:center;" | DE
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Florida|Florida]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| 7,355
| 18.55
| -
| 28,273
| 71.31
| 4
| 2,244
| 5.66
| -
| 634
| 1.60
| -
| 1,143
| 2.88
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -20,918
| -52.76
| 39,649
| style="text-align:center;" | FL
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Georgia|Georgia]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 13
| 34,260
| 28.22
| -
| 81,180
| 66.86
| 13
| 1,402
| 1.15
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 4,568
| 3.76
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -46,920
| -38.64
| 121,410
| style="text-align:center;" | GA
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Idaho|Idaho]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| 27,198
| 46.96
| -
| 29,414
| 50.79
| 3
| 857
| 1.48
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 445
| 0.77
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -2,216
| -3.83
| 57,914
| style="text-align:center;" | ID
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Illinois|Illinois]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 24
| 597,985
| 52.83
| 24
| 503,061
| 44.44
| -
| 17,626
| 1.56
| -
| 9,687
| 0.86
| -
| 1,141
| 0.10
| -
| 1,373
| 0.12
| -
| 94,924
| 8.39
| 1,131,897
| style="text-align:center;" | IL
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Indiana|Indiana]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 15
| 336,063
| 50.60
| 15
| 309,584
| 46.62
| -
| 13,718
| 2.07
| -
| 2,374
| 0.36
| -
| 1,438
| 0.22
| -
| 663
| 0.10
| -
| 26,479
| 3.98
| 664,094
| style="text-align:center;" | IN
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Iowa|Iowa]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 13
| 307,808
| 58.04
| 13
| 209,265
| 39.46
| -
| 9,502
| 1.79
| -
| 2,742
| 0.52
| -
| 613
| 0.12
| -
| 259
| 0.05
| -
| 98,543
| 18.58
| 530,355
| style="text-align:center;" | IA
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Kansas|Kansas]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 10
| 185,955
| 52.56
| 10
| 162,601
| 45.96
| -
| 3,605
| 1.02
| -
| 1,605
| 0.45
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 23,354
| 6.60
| 353,766
| style="text-align:center;" | KS
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Kentucky|Kentucky]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 13
| 227,132
| 48.51
| -
| 235,126
| 50.21
| 13
| 2,890
| 0.62
| -
| 766
| 0.16
| -
| 1,961
| 0.42
| -
| 390
| 0.08
| -
| -7,994
| -1.70
| 468,265
| style="text-align:center;" | KY
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Louisiana|Louisiana]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 8
| 14,234
| 20.96
| -
| 53,668
| 79.03
| 8
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -39,434
| -58.07
| 67,906
| style="text-align:center;" | LA
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Maine|Maine]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
| 65,412
| 61.89
| 6
| 36,822
| 34.84
| -
| 2,581
| 2.44
| -
| 878
| 0.83
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 28,590
| 27.05
| 105,693
| style="text-align:center;" | ME
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Maryland|Maryland]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 8
| 136,185
| 51.50
| 8
| 122,238
| 46.23
| -
| 4,574
| 1.73
| -
| 904
| 0.34
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 388
| 0.15
| -
| 13,947
| 5.27
| 264,434
| style="text-align:center;" | MD
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 15
| 238,866
| 57.59
| 15
| 156,997
| 37.85
| -
| 6,202
| 1.50
| -
| 9,607
| 2.32
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 2,599
| 0.63
| -
| 81,869
| 19.74
| 414,804
| style="text-align:center;" | MA
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Michigan|Michigan]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 14
| 316,269
| 58.10
| 14
| 211,685
| 38.89
| -
| 11,859
| 2.18
| -
| 2,826
| 0.52
| -
| 903
| 0.17
| -
| 837
| 0.15
| -
| 104,584
| 19.21
| 544,379
| style="text-align:center;" | MI
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Minnesota|Minnesota]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| 190,461
| 60.21
| 9
| 112,901
| 35.69
| -
| 8,555
| 2.70
| -
| 3,065
| 0.97
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 1,329
| 0.42
| -
| 77,560
| 24.52
| 316,311
| style="text-align:center;" | MN
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Mississippi|Mississippi]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| 5,707
| 9.66
| -
| 51,706
| 87.56
| 9
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 1,642
| 2.78
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -45,999
| -77.90
| 59,055
| style="text-align:center;" | MS
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Missouri|Missouri]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 17
| 314,092
| 45.94
| -
| 351,922
| 51.48
| 17
| 5,965
| 0.87
| -
| 6,139
| 0.90
| -
| 4,244
| 0.62
| -
| 1,294
| 0.19
| -
| -37,830
| -5.54
| 683,656
| style="text-align:center;" | MO
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Montana|Montana]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| 25,409
| 39.79
| -
| 37,311
| 58.43
| 3
| 306
| 0.48
| -
| 711
| 1.11
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 119
| 0.19
| -
| -11,902
| -18.64
| 63,856
| style="text-align:center;" | MT
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Nebraska|Nebraska]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 8
| 121,835
| 50.46
| 8
| 114,013
| 47.22
| -
| 3,655
| 1.51
| -
| 823
| 0.34
| -
| 1,104
| 0.46
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 7,822
| 3.24
| 241,430
| style="text-align:center;" | NE
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Nevada|Nevada]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| 3,849
| 37.75
| -
| 6,347
| 62.25
| 3
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -2,498
| -24.50
| 10,196
| style="text-align:center;" | NV
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| 54,799
| 59.33
| 4
| 35,489
| 38.42
| -
| 1,270
| 1.37
| -
| 790
| 0.86
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 19,310
| 20.91
| 92,364
| style="text-align:center;" | NH
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in New Jersey|New Jersey]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 10
| 221,707
| 55.28
| 10
| 164,808
| 41.09
| -
| 7,183
| 1.79
| -
| 4,609
| 1.15
| -
| 669
| 0.17
| -
| 2,074
| 0.52
| -
| 56,899
| 14.19
| 401,050
| style="text-align:center;" | NJ
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in New York|New York]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 36
| 822,013
| 53.10
| 36
| 678,462
| 43.83
| -
| 22,077
| 1.43
| -
| 12,869
| 0.83
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 12,621
| 0.82
| -
| 143,551
| 9.27
| 1,548,042
| style="text-align:center;" | NY
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in North Carolina|North Carolina]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 11
| 132,997
| 45.47
| -
| 157,733
| 53.92
| 11
| 990
| 0.34
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 798
| 0.27
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -24,736
| -8.45
| 292,518
| style="text-align:center;" | NC
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in North Dakota|North Dakota]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| 35,898
| 62.12
| 3
| 20,531
| 35.53
| -
| 731
| 1.26
| -
| 520
| 0.90
| -
| 111
| 0.19
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 13,141
| 26.59
| 57,791
| style="text-align:center;" | ND
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Ohio|Ohio]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 23
| 543,918
| 52.30
| 23
| 474,882
| 45.66
| -
| 10,203
| 0.98
| -
| 4,847
| 0.47
| -
| 251
| 0.02
| -
| 1,688
| 0.16
| -
| 69,036
| 6.64
| 1,040,073
| style="text-align:center;" | OH
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Oregon|Oregon]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| 46,172
| 55.46
| 4
| 32,810
| 39.41
| -
| 2,536
| 3.05
| -
| 1,464
| 1.76
| -
| 269
| 0.32
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 13,362
| 16.05
| 83,251
| style="text-align:center;" | OR
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 32
| 712,665
| 60.74
| 32
| 424,232
| 36.16
| -
| 27,908
| 2.38
| -
| 4,831
| 0.41
| -
| 638
| 0.05
| -
| 2,936
| 0.25
| -
| 288,433
| 24.58
| 1,173,210
| style="text-align:center;" | PA
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| 33,784
| 59.74
| 4
| 19,812
| 35.04
| -
| 1,529
| 2.70
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 1,423
| 2.52
| -
| 13,972
| 24.70
| 56,548
| style="text-align:center;" | RI
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in South Carolina|South Carolina]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| 3,579
| 7.04
| -
| 47,233
| 92.96
| 9
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -43,654
| -85.92
| 50,812
| style="text-align:center;" | SC
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in South Dakota|South Dakota]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| 54,530
| 56.73
| 4
| 39,544
| 41.14
| -
| 1,542
| 1.60
| -
| 169
| 0.18
| -
| 339
| 0.35
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 14,986
| 15.59
| 96,124
| style="text-align:center;" | SD
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Tennessee|Tennessee]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 12
| 123,108
| 44.95
| -
| 145,240
| 53.03
| 12
| 3,844
| 1.40
| -
| 346
| 0.13
| -
| 1,322
| 0.48
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -22,132
| -8.08
| 273,860
| style="text-align:center;" | TN
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Texas|Texas]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 15
| 130,641
| 30.83
| -
| 267,432
| 63.12
| 15
| 2,644
| 0.62
| -
| 1,846
| 0.44
| -
| 20,981
| 4.95
| -
| 162
| 0.04
| -
| -136,791
| -32.29
| 423,706
| style="text-align:center;" | TX
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Utah|Utah]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| 47,139
| 50.58
| 3
| 45,006
| 48.30
| -
| 209
| 0.22
| -
| 720
| 0.77
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 106
| 0.11
| -
| 2,133
| 2.28
| 93,189
| style="text-align:center;" | UT
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Vermont|Vermont]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| 42,569
| 75.73
| 4
| 12,849
| 22.86
| -
| 383
| 0.68
| -
| 39
| 0.07
| -
| 367
| 0.65
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 29,720
| 52.87
| 56,212
| style="text-align:center;" | VT
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Virginia|Virginia]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 12
| 115,769
| 43.82
| -
| 146,079
| 55.29
| 12
| 2,130
| 0.81
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 63
| 0.02
| -
| 167
| 0.06
| -
| -30,310
| -11.47
| 264,208
| style="text-align:center;" | VA
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Washington (state)|Washington]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| 57,456
| 53.44
| 4
| 44,833
| 41.70
| -
| 2,363
| 2.20
| -
| 2,006
| 1.87
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 866
| 0.81
| -
| 12,623
| 11.74
| 107,524
| style="text-align:center;" | WA
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in West Virginia|West Virginia]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
| 119,829
| 54.27
| 6
| 98,807
| 44.75
| -
| 1,628
| 0.74
| -
| 286
| 0.13
| -
| 246
| 0.11
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 21,022
| 9.52
| 220,796
| style="text-align:center;" | WV
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 12
| 265,760
| 60.06
| 12
| 159,163
| 35.97
| -
| 10,027
| 2.27
| -
| 7,048
| 1.59
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 503
| 0.11
| -
| 106,597
| 24.09
| 442,501
| style="text-align:center;" | WI
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1900 United States presidential election in Wyoming|Wyoming]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| 14,482
| 58.66
| 3
| 10,164
| 41.17
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 21
| 0.09
| -
| 20
| 0.08
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 4,318
| 17.49
| 24,687
| style="text-align:center;" | WY
|-
! TOTALS:
! 447
! 7,228,864
! 51.64
! 292
! 6,370,932
! 45.52
! 155
! 210,867
! 1.51
! -
! 87,945
! 0.63
! -
! 50,989
! 0.36
! -
! 40,943
! 0.29
! -
! 857,932
! 6.12
! 13,997,429
| style="text-align:center;" | US
|}</div>
===States that flipped from Democratic to Republican===
*[[Nebraska]]
*[[South Dakota]]
*[[Utah]]
*[[Washington (state)|Washington]]
*[[Wyoming]]
*[[Kansas]]
===States that flipped from Republican to Democratic===
*[[Kentucky]]
===Close states===
Margin of victory less than 5% (42 electoral votes):
#<span style="color:blue;">'''Kentucky, 1.71% (7,994 votes)'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''Utah, 2.29% (2,133 votes)'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''Nebraska, 3.24% (7,822 votes)'''</span>
#<span style="color:blue;">'''Idaho, 3.83% (2,216 votes)'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''Indiana, 3.99% (26,479 votes)'''</span>
Margin of victory between 5% and 10% (150 electoral votes):
#<span style="color:red;">'''Maryland, 5.27% (13,947 votes)'''</span>
#<span style="color:blue;">'''Missouri, 5.53% (37,830 votes)'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''Kansas, 6.60% (23,354 votes)'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''Ohio, 6.64% (69,036 votes)'''</span>
#<span style="color:blue;">'''Tennessee, 8.08% (22,132 votes)'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''Illinois, 8.39% (94,924 votes)'''</span> ''(tipping point state)''
#<span style="color:blue;">'''North Carolina, 8.46% (24,736 votes)'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''Delaware, 8.77% (3,683 votes)'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''New York, 9.27% (143,551 votes)'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''West Virginia, 9.52% (21,022 votes)'''</span>
====Statistics====
Counties with highest percent of vote (Republican)
#<span style="color:red;">'''[[Keweenaw County, Michigan]] 92.24%'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''[[Leslie County, Kentucky]] 91.23%'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''[[Unicoi County, Tennessee]] 89.64%'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''[[Scott County, Tennessee]] 89.59%'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''[[Johnson County, Tennessee]] 89.20%'''</span>
Counties with highest percent of vote (Democratic)
#<span style="color:blue;">'''[[Irion County, Texas]] 100.00%'''</span>
#<span style="color:blue;">'''[[Hampton County, South Carolina]] 99.89%'''</span>
#<span style="color:blue;">'''[[Greenwood County, South Carolina]] 99.73%'''</span>
#<span style="color:blue;">'''[[Saluda County, South Carolina]] 99.45%'''</span>
#<span style="color:blue;">'''[[Abbeville County, South Carolina]] 99.42%'''</span>
Counties with highest percent of vote (Other)
#<span style="color:green;">'''[[Carson County, Texas]] 78.71%'''</span>
#<span style="color:green;">'''[[Chambers County, Texas]] 44.50%'''</span>
#<span style="color:green;">'''[[Comanche County, Texas]] 32.82%'''</span>
#<span style="color:green;">'''[[Franklin County, Georgia]] 30.92%'''</span>
#<span style="color:green;">'''[[Scurry County, Texas]] 28.69%'''</span>
Counties with lowest percent of vote (Republican)
#<span style="color:red;">'''[[Randall County, Texas]] 00.00%'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''[[Irion County, Texas]] 00.00%'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''[[Hampton County, South Carolina]] 00.11%'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''[[Greenwood County, South Carolina]] 00.27%'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''[[Dooly County, Georgia]] 00.35%'''</span>
Counties with lowest percent of vote (Democratic)
#<span style="color:blue;">'''[[Keweenaw County, Michigan]] 06.33%'''</span>
#<span style="color:blue;">'''[[Unicoi County, Tennessee]] 08.29%'''</span>
#<span style="color:blue;">'''[[Leslie County, Kentucky]] 08.46%'''</span>
#<span style="color:blue;">'''[[Scott County, Tennessee]] 10.23%'''</span>
#<span style="color:blue;">'''[[Johnson County, Tennessee]] 10.42%'''</span>
Counties with most votes (Republican)
#<span style="color:red;">'''[[Cook County, Illinois]] 203,760'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''[[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania]] 173,657'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''[[New York County, New York]] 153,001'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''[[Kings County, New York]] 108,977'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''[[Allegheny County, Pennsylvania]] 71,780'''</span>
Counties with most votes (Democratic)
#<span style="color:blue;">'''[[Cook County, Illinois]] 186,193'''</span>
#<span style="color:blue;">'''[[New York County, New York]] 181,786'''</span>
#<span style="color:blue;">'''[[Kings County, New York]] 106,232'''</span>
#<span style="color:blue;">'''[[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania]] 58,179'''</span>
#<span style="color:blue;">'''[[Suffolk County, Massachusetts]] 47,534'''</span>
Counties with most votes (Other)
#<span style="color:green;">'''[[New York County, New York]] 11,700'''</span>
#<span style="color:green;">'''[[Cook County, Illinois]] 10,242'''</span>
#<span style="color:green;">'''[[Milwaukee County, Wisconsin]] 5,857'''</span>
#<span style="color:green;">'''[[Kings County, New York]] 4,639'''</span>
#<span style="color:green;">'''[[Essex County, Massachusetts]] 4,242'''</span>
Counties with lowest percent of vote and win (Republican)
#<span style="color:red;">'''[[Cherokee County, Alabama]] 41.94%'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''[[Paulding County, Georgia]] 46.00%'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''[[Logan County, Colorado]] 46.59%'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''[[Chattahoochee County, Georgia]] 47.18%'''</span>
#<span style="color:red;">'''[[Otter Tail County, Minnesota]] 47.19%'''</span>
Counties with lowest percent of vote and win (Democratic)
#<span style="color:blue;">'''[[Murray County, Georgia]] 45.18%'''</span>
#<span style="color:blue;">'''[[Geneva County, Alabama]] 46.48%'''</span>
#<span style="color:blue;">'''[[Douglas County, Georgia]] 46.75%'''</span>
#<span style="color:blue;">'''[[Linn County, Oregon]] 46.77%'''</span>
#<span style="color:blue;">'''[[Fresno County, California]] 47.41%'''</span>
==
*[[History of the United States (1865–1918)]]
* [[Newspaper endorsements in the 1900 United States presidential election]]
*[[1900 United States House of Representatives elections]]
*[[1900–01 United States Senate elections]]
*[[Second inauguration of William McKinley]]
==References==
<!--See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags-->
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Bibliography==
===Secondary sources===
* [[Willis J. Abbot]] et al.: [https://archive.org/details/battleof1900offi00busbrich ''The Battle of 1900; an official hand-book for every American citizen'']
* {{cite book|last1=Abramson |first1=Paul |last2=Aldrich |first2=John |last3=Rohde |first3=David |title=Change and Continuity in the 1992 Elections |publisher=[[CQ Press]] |date=1995 |isbn=0871878399}}
*{{cite journal |last=Bailey | first=John W. Jr. |year=1973 |title=The Presidential Election of 1900 in Nebraska: McKinley over Bryan |journal=Nebraska History |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=561–584 |issn=0028-1859 }}
*{{cite journal| first=Thomas A.| last=Bailey| author-link=Thomas A. Bailey| title=Was the Presidential Election of 1900 a Mandate on Imperialism?| journal=[[Mississippi Valley Historical Review]]| year=1937| pages=43–52| volume=24| doi=10.2307/1891336| jstor=1891336| issue=1}}
*{{cite book| last=Coletta| first=Paolo E.| title=William Jennings Bryan| publisher=University of Nebraska Press |___location=Lincoln |year=1964 |volume=1| isbn=0-8032-4050-3 }}
* Fahey, James J. "Building Populist Discourse: An Analysis of Populist Communication in American Presidential Elections, 1896–2016." ''Social Science Quarterly'' 102.4 (2021): 1268–1288. [https://www.jamesjfahey.com/s/Social-Science-Quarterly-2021-Fahey-Building-Populist-Discourse-An-Analysis-of-Populist-Communicatio.pdf online]
*{{cite book |title=The Presidency of William McKinley |url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofwill0000goul |url-access=registration |last=Gould |first=Lewis L. |year=1980 |publisher=Regents Press of Kansas |___location=Lawrence |isbn=0-7006-0206-2 }}
*{{cite journal |last=Harrington |first=Fred H. | author-link=Fred Harvey Harrington |year=1935 |title=The Anti-Imperialist Movement in the United States, 1898–1900 |journal=Mississippi Valley Historical Review |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.2307/1898467 |jstor=1898467}}
* Hilpert, John M. (2015) ''American Cyclone: Theodore Roosevelt and His 1900 Whistle-Stop Campaign'' (U Press of Mississippi, 2015). xii, 349 pp.
*{{cite book| first=Noel Jacob| last=Kent| title=America in 1900| year=2000 |___location=Armonk, NY |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |isbn=0-7656-0595-3 }}
*{{cite book| last=Miller| first=Stuart Creighton| title=Benevolent Assimilation: The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899–1903| publisher=Yale University Press |___location=New Haven |year=1982| isbn=0-300-03081-9}}
*{{cite book |title=William McKinley and His America |url=https://archive.org/details/williammckinleyh00morg |url-access=registration |last=Morgan |first=H. Wayne |year=1963 |publisher=Syracuse University Press |___location=Syracuse |isbn=0-87338-765-1 }}
*{{cite journal |last=Morgan |first=H. Wayne |year=1966 |title=William McKinley as a Political Leader |journal=Review of Politics |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=417–432 |jstor=1405280 |doi=10.1017/S0034670500013188 |s2cid=145544412 }}
*{{cite journal |last=Schlup |first=Leonard |year=1986 |title=In the Shadow of Bryan: Adlai E. Stevenson and the Resurgence of Conservatism at the 1900 Convention |journal=Nebraska History |volume=67 |issue=3 |pages=224–238 |issn=0028-1859 }}
*{{cite journal |last=Schlup |first=Leonard |year=1991 |title=The American Chameleon: Adlai E. Stevenson and the Quest for the Vice Presidency in Gilded Age Politics |journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=511–529 |issn=0360-4918 }}
* {{cite book|last=Sherman |first=Richard |title=The Republican Party and Black America From McKinley to Hoover 1896-1933 |publisher=[[University of Virginia Press]] |date=1973 |isbn=0813904676}}
*{{cite journal |last=Tompkins |first=E. Berkeley |year=1967 |title=Scilla and Charybdis: the Anti-imperialist Dilemma in the Election of 1900 |journal=Pacific Historical Review |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=143–161 |doi=10.2307/3636719 |issn=0030-8684 |jstor=3636719}}
===Primary
* Bryan, William Jennings. "The Election of 1900," pp. 788–801 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25105090 Bryan gives his analysis of why he lost]
* Stevenson, Adlai E., et al. "Bryan or McKinley? The Present Duty of American Citizens," ''The North American Review'' Vol. 171, No. 527 (Oct. 1900), pp. 433–516 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25105065 in JSTOR] political statements by politicians on all sides, including Adlai E. Stevenson, B. R. Tillman, Edward M. Shepard, Richard Croker, Erving Winslow, Charles Emory Smith, G. F. Hoar, T. C. Platt, W. M. Stewart, Andrew Carnegie, and James H. Eckels
* Chester, Edward W ''A guide to political platforms'' (1977) [https://archive.org/details/guidetopolitical0000ches online]
* Porter, Kirk H. and Donald Bruce Johnson, eds. ''National party platforms, 1840-1964'' (1965) [https://archive.org/details/nationalpartypla00port online 1840-1956]
==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/elections/election1900.html Presidential Election of 1900: A Resource Guide] from the Library of Congress
* [http://graphicwitness.org/historic/opper.htm Opper cartoons for 1900 election] ridiculing TR and McKinley as pawns of Trusts and Sen. Hanna
*[http://geoelections.free.fr/USA/elec_comtes/1900.htm 1900 popular vote by counties]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930163744/http://www.multied.com/elections/1900state.html 1900 State-by-state Popular vote]
* [http://www.countingthevotes.com/1900/ Election of 1900 in Counting the Votes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232046/http://www.countingthevotes.com/1900/ |date=March 3, 2016 }}
{{United States presidential election, 1900}}
{{State Results of the 1900 U.S. presidential election}}
{{USPresidentialElections}}
{{William McKinley}}
{{Theodore Roosevelt}}
{{1900 United States elections}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:
[[Category:
[[Category:Presidency of William McKinley]]
[[Category:William McKinley]]
[[Category:Theodore Roosevelt]]
[[Category:William Jennings Bryan]]
[[Category:Adlai Stevenson I]]
[[Category:November 1900 in the United States]]
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