Common rock thrush: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Species of bird}}

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{{speciesbox

<tr><th align="center" bgcolor=pink>'''Rock Thrush '''</th></tr>

| name = Common rock thrush

<tr><td>[[image:duskythrush19.jpg|Dusky Thrush]]</td></tr>

| image = Monsax.jpg

<tr><th align="center" bgcolor=pink>'''[[Scientific classification]]'''</th></tr>

| image_caption = male, [[Spain]]

<tr><td><table align="center">

| status = LC

<tr><td>[[Kingdom (biology)|Kingdom]]: </td><td>[[Animal]]ia</td></tr>

| status_system = IUCN3.1

<tr><td>[[Phylum (biology)|Phylum]]: </td><td>[[Chordate|Chordata]] </td></tr>

| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=''Monticola saxatilis'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T22708257A111788908 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22708257A111788908.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>

<tr><td>[[Class (biology)|Class]]: </td><td>[[bird|Aves]] </td></tr>

| genus = Monticola

<tr><td>[[Order (biology)|Order]]: </td><td>[[perching bird|Passeriformes]]</td></tr>

| species = saxatilis

<tr><td>[[Family (biology)|Family]]: </td><td>[[Turdidae]] </td></tr>

| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766)

<tr><td>[[Genus]]: </td><td>''[[Monticola]]'' </td></tr>

| synonyms = ''Turdus saxatilis'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1766}}

<tr><td> [[Species]]:'</td><td>'' saxatilis '' </td></tr>

| range_map = MonticolaSaxatilisIUCNver2019 1.png

</table>

| range_map_caption = Range of ''M. saxatilis''{{leftlegend|#00FF00|Breeding|outline=gray}} {{leftlegend|#00FFFF|Passage|outline=gray}} {{leftlegend|#007FFF|Non-breeding|outline=gray}}

<tr><th align="center" bgcolor="pink">'''[[Binomial nomenclature|Binomial name]]'''</th></tr>

}}

<tr><th align="center">'' Monticola saxatilis ''</th></tr>

</table>

The '''common rock thrush''' ('''''Monticola saxatilis'''''),<ref>[http://www.worldbirdnames.org/updates-en.html English Name Updates - IOC Version 2.9 (July 10, 2011)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303183421/http://www.worldbirdnames.org/updates-en.html |date=March 3, 2012 }}, IOC World Bird List</ref> also known as '''rufous-tailed rock thrush''' or simply '''rock thrush''', is a [[Chat (bird)|chat]] belonging to the family [[Muscicapidae]]. It was formerly placed in the family [[Turdidae]]. The scientific name is from [[Latin]]. ''Monticola'' is from ''mons, montis'' "mountain", and ''colere'', "to dwell", and ''saxatilis'' means "rock-frequenting", from ''saxum'', "stone" .<ref name =job>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A. | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher=Christopher Helm | ___location = London, United Kingdom | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n260 260], 348}}.</ref>

The '''Rufous-tailed Rock-Thrush''', or just '''Rock Thrush''', ''Monticola saxatilis'' is a member of the [[Thrush (bird)|thrush]] family Turdidae.

It breeds in southern [[Europe]] across central [[Central Asia]] to northern [[China]]. This species is strongly [[bird migration|migratory]], all populations wintering in [[Africa]] south of the [[Sahara]]. It is an uncommon visitor to northern Europe. Its range has contracted somewhat at the periphery in recent decades due to [[habitat destruction]]. For example, in the early 20th century it bred in the [[Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska]] ([[Poland]]) where none occur today,<ref>Tomek, Teresa & Bocheński, Zygmunt (2005): "[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/download?pub=infobike%3a%2f%2fisez%2fazc%2f2005%2f00000048%2fF0020001%2fart00005&mimetype=application%2fpdf Weichselian and Holocene bird remains from Komarowa Cave, Central Poland]". ''Acta zoologica cracoviensia'' '''48A'''(1-2): 43-65.</ref> but it is not considered globally [[endangered]].<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021" />

This species breeds in open dry hilly areas, usually above 1500m. .

==Description==

It nests in rock cavities, laying 4-5 [[egg]]s. It is omnivorous, eating a wide range of [[insects]], and berries.

This is a medium-sized but stocky thrush 17–20&nbsp;cm in length. The summer male is unmistakable, with a blue-grey head, orange underparts and outer tail feathers, dark brown wings and white back. Females and immatures are much less striking, with dark brown scaly upperparts, and paler brown scaly underparts. The outer tail [[Feather|feathers]] are reddish, like the male.<ref name=Clement>Clement, Peter & Hathaway, Ren (2000): ''Thrushes''. [[Helm Identification Guides|Christopher Helm]], London. {{ISBN|0-7136-3940-7}}</ref>

==Behaviour and ecology==

The male Rock Thrush has a clear and tuneful song.

This species breeds in open dry hilly areas, usually above 1500&nbsp;m. It [[Nest|nests]] in rock cavities, laying 4–5 [[Egg (biology)|egg]]s. It is omnivorous, eating a wide range of [[insects]], berries and small reptiles. The male common rock thrush has a clear and tuneful song.<ref name=Clement/>

''Public ___domain image from a [http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/birds/naumann.htm 1905 field guide]''

==Gallery==

<gallery>

File:Common rock thrush.jpg|Common rock thrush, Boulmane de Dades, Morocco

File:Monticola saxatilis MWNH 1830.JPG|Eggs, Collection [[Museum Wiesbaden]]

</gallery>

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==

*{{Commons category-inline|Monticola saxatilis}}

*[http://www.oiseaux.net/birds/photos/rufous-tailed.rock.thrush.html Oiseaux] Photos, map, text.{{in lang|fr}}

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20141202064309/http://aulaenred.ibercaja.es/wp-content/uploads/341_RockThrushMsaxatilis.pdf Ageing and sexing (PDF; 1.2 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze]

*[https://archive.today/20130103024426/http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/especie.phtml?idEspecie=5844 Handbook of the Birds of the World]

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071030201944/http://www.birdguides.com/html/vidlib/species/Monticola_saxatilis.htm BirdGuides]

*[https://search.macaulaylibrary.org/catalog?taxonCode=rtrthr1&mediaType=a&q=Common%20Rock%20Thrush%20-%20Monticola%20saxatilis Macaulay Library]

*[http://www.mangoverde.com/birdsound/spec/spec138-12.html Mangoverde]; direct link [http://www.soortenbank.nl/soorten.php?soortengroep=vogels&id=316&tab=multimedia here]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q235057}}

[[Category:Monticola|common rock thrush]]

[[Category:Birds of Eurasia]]

[[Category:Wintering birds of Africa]]

[[Category:Wintering birds of East Africa]]

[[Category:Birds described in 1766|common rock thrush]]

[[Category:Animal taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]