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{{short description|Video compression formats}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox file format
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| developer = [[RealNetworks]]
| released = {{start date and age|1997|2}}
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| type = [[Video coding format]]
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'''RealVideo''', also spelled as '''Real Video''', is a suite of [[proprietary format|proprietary]] [[video compression format]]s developed by [[RealNetworks]] — the specific format changes with the version. It was first released in 1997 and {{As of|2024|lc=on}} was at version 15.<ref>RealNetworks [http://www.realnetworks.com/products/codecs/realvideo.html Products - Codecs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040804142359/http://www.realnetworks.com/products/codecs/realvideo.html |date=2004-08-04 |archivedate=2009-08-07}}</ref> RealVideo is supported on many platforms, including [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[MacOS|Mac]], [[Linux]], Solaris, and several mobile phones.
RealVideo is usually paired with [[RealAudio]] and packaged in a [[RealMedia]] (.rm) container.
==Technology==
The first version of RealVideo was announced in 1997 and was based on the [[H.263]] format. At the time, RealNetworks issued a press release saying they had licensed [[Iterated Systems]]' [[ClearVideo]] technology and were including it as the RealVideo Fractal Codec.<ref>{{Cite news |title= Iterated Systems And Progressive Networks Announce Strategic Alliance |work= Press release |date= February 10, 1997 |publisher= RealNetworks China |url=http://china.realnetworks.com/company/press/releases/1997/iterated.html |url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031127043109/http://china.realnetworks.com/company/press/releases/1997/iterated.html |archive-date= November 27, 2003 |access-date= August 2, 2013 }}</ref><ref>[http://service.real.com/help/library/guides/rpem/htmfiles/install.htm RealVideo Fractal Codec] Reference to RealPlayer Fractal Codec installation option</ref><ref>Terran Interactive, Inc. (1998) [http://www.siggraph.org/education/materials/HyperGraph/video/codecs/ClearVideo.html Codec Central - ClearVideo], Retrieved on 2009-08-12</ref> However, support for ClearVideo quietly disappeared in the next version of RealVideo.
RealVideo continued to use H.263 until RealVideo 8
RealVideo can be played from a RealMedia file or streamed over the network using the [[Real Time Streaming Protocol]] (RTSP), a standard protocol for streaming media developed by the [[IETF]].
▲RealVideo continued to use H.263 until RealVideo 8, when the company switched to a [[proprietary]] [[video codec]]. RealVideo codecs are identified by [[FourCC|four character codes]]. RV10 and RV20 are the H.263-based codecs. RV30 and RV40 are RealNetworks' proprietary formats. These identifiers have been the source of some confusion, as people may assume that RV10 is RealVideo version 10, when it is actually the first version of RealVideo. RealVideo 10 uses RV40.
To facilitate real-time streaming, RealVideo (and RealAudio) normally uses [[constant bit rate]] encoding, so that the same amount of data is sent over the network each second.
▲RealVideo can be played from a RealMedia file or streamed over the network using the [[Real Time Streaming Protocol]] (RTSP), a standard protocol for streaming media developed by the [[IETF]]. However, RealNetworks uses RTSP only to set up and manage the connection. The actual video data is sent with their own proprietary [[RDT_stream_transport|RDT]] protocol. This tactic has drawn criticism because it made it difficult to use RealVideo with other player and server software. However, the [[open source]] [[MPlayer]] project has now developed software capable of playing the RDT streams.
RealNetworks says that the RealVideo and RealAudio codecs are not available in source code under the [[RealNetworks Public Source License|RPSL]] license. Source code is available only under [[RealNetworks Community Source License|RCSL]] license for commercial porting to non-supported processors and operating systems. While RealNetworks owns most of the intellectual property for RealVideo and RealAudio, RealNetworks has licensed third-party technology for certain aspects of those codecs. RealNetworks claims that it does not have the right to license that technology under an open-source license.<ref name="helix-producer">Helix Community, [https://helix-producer.helixcommunity.org/Faq.htm Helix Producer Category FAQ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726144823/https://helix-producer.helixcommunity.org/Faq.htm |date=2011-07-26 }}, Retrieved on 2009-08-02</ref>
▲To facilitate real-time streaming, RealVideo (and RealAudio) normally uses [[constant bit rate]] encoding, so that the same amount of data is sent over the network each second. Recently, RealNetworks has introduced a [[variable bit rate]] form called [[RMVB|RealMedia Variable Bitrate]] (rmvb). This allows for better video quality, however this format is less suited for streaming because it is difficult to predict how much network capacity a certain video stream will need. Video with fast motion or rapidly changing scenes will require a higher bit rate. If the bit rate of a video stream increases significantly, it may exceed the speed at which data can be transmitted over the network, leading to an interruption in the video.
==RealVideo Players==
{{Unsourced section|date=May 2023}}
The official player for RealVideo is RealNetworks [[RealPlayer SP]], currently at version 15, and is available for various platforms including [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[Apple Macintosh|Macintosh]], and [[Linux]]. Several other players exist, including [[MPlayer]] and [[
The latest version of RealPlayer that can run on Windows 9x is RealPlayer 8; but this version can be easily modified to play RealPlayer 9 and 10 files, by the manual addition of just three .dll files (codecs and plugins), from Microsoft's free distribution of RealPlayer 10, that are not included in RealPlayer 8 Basic.
RealNetworks has also developed the open
▲Several other players exist, including [[MPlayer]] and [[Real Alternative]]. Many of these rely on the [[Dynamic Link Library|dynamically linked libraries]] (DLLs) from the official RealPlayer to play the video, and thus require RealPlayer to be installed (or at least its DLLs, if not the actual player). However, the open source [[ffmpeg]] library (and its [[DirectShow]] counterpart [[ffdshow]]) can play the older H.263 RealVideo and does not require RealPlayer or any parts thereof.
RealPlayer does not record RealVideo streams, and RealNetworks has advertised this feature to content owners such as broadcasters, film studios, and music labels, as a means of discouraging users from
▲RealNetworks has also developed the open source [[Helix player]], however support for RealVideo in the Helix Project is limited because RealNetworks is still keeping the codecs proprietary.
==Video compression formats and codec versions==
▲RealPlayer does not record RealVideo streams, and RealNetworks has advertised this feature to content owners such as broadcasters, film studios, and music labels, as a means of discouraging users from illegally copying content. However, other software exists which can save the streams to files for later viewing. Such copying, known as [[time-shifting]], is usually considered legal.
RealVideo files are compressed using several different [[video
===
* {{code|rv10}}, {{code|rv13}}: RealVideo 1.0, based on [[H.263]] (included with RealPlayer 5)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=RealVideo | title=RealVideo 1.0 | author=MultimediaWiki | access-date=2009-11-02}}</ref>
▲RealVideo files are compressed using several different [[video codec]]s. Each codec is identified by a [[FourCC|four character code]]. Below is a list of the codecs and the version in which each was introduced:
===RV20===
* {{code|rv20}}: RealVideo G2 and RealVideo G2+SVT, also based on h.263 (included with RealPlayer 6).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=RealVideo_G2 | title=RealVideo G2 | author=MultimediaWiki | access-date=2009-11-02}}</ref> SVT (Scalable Video Technology) is a feature that allows for decoding at a lower framerate (frame-skipping) on low-end machines.<ref>{{cite web |author1=RealNetworks |title=Chapter 5: Producing Video |url=http://www.jus.unitn.it/services/arc/samples/production/htmfiles/video.htm |website=www.jus.unitn.it |date=1999 |quote=RealVideo's Scalable Video Technology (SVT) also allows RealVideo clips to vary in frame rate from 30 fps to 5 fps based on the RealPlayer computer's processor speed. This means you can produce high frame rate RealVideo clips that do not overburden the processors of slow machines during playback.}}</ref>
* <tt>rv40</tt>: RealVideo 10, aka RV9 EHQ (included with RealPlayer 10). It is an encoder side improvement and therefore is fully backwards compatible with older players which has the RV9 decoder. As a result it uses the same 4CC.▼
===RV30===
{{anchor|RV30}}
* {{code|rv30}}: RealVideo 8, suspected to be based largely on an early draft of [[H.264]] (included with RealPlayer 8)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=RealVideo_3 | title=RealVideo 3 | author=MultimediaWiki | access-date=2009-11-02}}</ref>
===RV40===
{{anchor|RV40}}
* {{code|rv40}}: RealVideo 9, suspected to be based on H.264 (included with RealPlayer 9)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=RealVideo_4 | title=RealVideo 4 | author=MultimediaWiki | access-date=2009-11-02}}</ref>
▲*
===RV60===
* {{code|rv60}}: [[RealMedia HD]] (RealVideo 11), suspected to be based on [[HEVC]] (included with RealPlayer 18).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://codecs.multimedia.cx/2017/10/rmhd-a-more-detailed-look/comment-page-1/#comment-216927 | title=RMHD: A More Detailed Look}}</ref> In April 2018, RealNetworks posted test results of encoder speed and compression efficiency. Their tests compared RealMedia HD to HEVC, H.264, and VP9 encoders. Results claimed RealMedia HD provided higher compression than HEVC at higher perceived quality levels. RealMedia HD was also purportedly faster than x265 and VP9 at comparable complexity settings.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://medium.com/realnetworks/for-the-right-codec-go-for-the-sum-not-just-the-parts-7683a603f943 | title=For the eight codec, go for the sum - not just for the parts| date=10 April 2018}}</ref>
The newest version of RealPlayer can play any RealVideo file, as can programs using [[FFmpeg]]. Other programs may not support all video compression formats. In addition to decoder code for up to RV50, FFmpeg also contains open-source code for RV10 and RV20 encoders.{{cn|date=May 2023}}
==See also==
* [[RealAudio]]
* [[RealNetworks]]
* [[Video coding format]]
* [[Comparison of video codecs]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090531133744/http://www.realnetworks.com/products/codecs/realvideo.html RealVideo 10 codec
* [https://helixcommunity.org/ Helix Community the open source project of all media framework of RealNetworks ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726144706/https://helixcommunity.org/ |date=2011-07-26 }}
* [
* [http://www.free-codecs.com/download/RealMedia_Splitter.htm Filter for playing RealNetworks audio/video files using Windows Media Player]
{{Compression
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[[Category:Video codecs]]
[[Category:RealNetworks|Video]]
▲[[de:RealVideo]]
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