Table of explosive detonation velocities: Difference between revisions

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This is a list of the '''[[detonation]] velocities''' at specified (typically, the highest practical) density of various explosive compounds.

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This is a compilation of published '''[[detonation]] velocities''' for various high explosive compounds. Detonation velocity is the speed with which the detonation shock wave travels through the explosive. It is a key, directly measurable indicator of explosive performance, but depends on density which must always be specified, and may be too low if the test charge diameter is not large enough. Especially for little studied explosives there may be divergent published values due to charge diameter issues. In liquid explosives, like nitroglycerin, there may be two detonation velocities, one much higher than the other. The detonation velocity values presented here are typically for the highest practical density which maximizes achievable detonation velocity.<ref name="Cooper1996">Cooper, Paul W. (1996). ''Explosives Engineering'', New York: Wiley-VCH. {{ISBN|0-471-18636-8}}</ref>

The velocity of detonation is an important indicator for overall energy orand power of detonation, and in particular for the [[brisance]] or shattering effect of an explosive which is due to the detonation pressure. The pressure can be calculated using Chapman-Jouguet theory from the velocity and density.

{| style="text-align:right;" class="wikitable sortable"

{| style="font-size: 100%; text-align: right;" class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

|+ '''Table of Explosive Detonation Velocities'''

|-

! Explosive Nameclass

! Explosive name

! Abbreviation

! Detonation<br>Velocityvelocity (m/s)

! Test Density<br>(g/cm³³)

|-

| '''''[[Aromaticity|Aromatic]] explosives'''''|| [[1,3,5-trinitrobenzene]] || TNB || 7,450 || 1.60

|-

| Aromatic || [[1,3,5-Triazido-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene]] || TATNB || 7,300 || 1.71

|-

| Aromatic || [[4,4’-Dinitro-3,3’-diazenofuroxan]] || DDF || 10,000 || 2.02

|-

| Aromatic || [[Trinitrotoluene]] || TNT || 6,900 || 1.60

|-

| Aromatic || [[Diazodinitrophenol]] || DDNP || 7,100 || 1.63

| [[1,3,5-trinitrobenzene]]

|-

| TNB || 7,450 || 1.6

| Aromatic || [[Trinitroaniline]] || TNA || 7,300 || 1.72

|-

| Aromatic || [[Tetryl]] || || 7,570 || 1.71

|-

| Aromatic || [[Picric acid]] || TNP || 7,350 || 1.70

|-

| Aromatic || [[Dunnite|Ammonium picrate (Dunnite)]] || || 7,150 || 1.60

|-

| Aromatic || [[Picrate|Methyl picrate]] || || 6,800 || 1.57

|-

| Aromatic || [[Picric acid|Ethyl picrate]] || || 6,500 || 1.55

|-

| Aromatic || [[Picryl chloride]] || || 7,200 || 1.74

|-

| Aromatic || [[Trinitrocresol]] || || 6,850 || 1.62

|-

| Aliphatic || [[Nitrourea]] || NU || 6,860 ||1.73

| [[1,3,5-Triazido-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene]]

|-

| TATNB || 7,300 || 1.71

| Aromatic || [[Lead styphnate]] || || 5,200 || 2.90

|-

| Aromatic || [[Triaminotrinitrobenzene]] || TATB || 7,350 || 1.80

|-

|[[Aliphatic compound|Aliphatic]] || [[FOX-7|1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene]] || DADNE, FOX-7 || 8,335 || 1.76

| [[Trinitrotoluene]] || TNT || 6,900 || 1.6

|-

|Aliphatic

| [[Trinitroaniline]] || TNA || 7,300 || 1.72

|[[1,3,3-Trinitroazetidine]]

|TNAZ

|9,597

|1.84

|-

| Inorganic || [[Ammonium perchlorate]] || AP<ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1088/1742-6596/946/1/012055|title = Pseudoideal detonation of mechanoactivated mixtures of ammonium perchlorate with nanoaluminum|journal = Journal of Physics: Conference Series|volume = 946|page = 012055|year = 2018|last1 = Shevchenko|first1 = A. A.|last2 = Dolgoborodov|first2 = A Yu|last3 = Brazhnikov|first3 = M. A.|last4 = Kirilenko|first4 = V. G.|issue = 1|bibcode = 2018JPhCS.946a2055S|doi-access = free}}</ref> || 6,300 || 1.95

| [[Tetryl]] || || 7,570 || 1.71

|-

| Aliphatic || [[Methyl nitrate]] || MN<ref name=MN>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kozak | first1 = G.D. | title = Measurement and calculation of the ideal detonation velocity for liquid nitrocompounds | doi = 10.1007/BF02672682 | journal = Combust Explos Shock Waves | volume = 34 | issue = 5 | page = 584 | year = 1998 | bibcode = 1998CESW...34..581K | s2cid = 98738029 }}</ref> || 6,818 || 1.22

| [[Picric Acid]] ||TNP || 7,350 || 1.7

|-

| Aliphatic || [[Ethylene glycol dinitrate|Nitroglycol/ethylene glycol dinitrate]] || EGDN || 8,300 || 1.49

| [[Ammonium picrate|Dunnite]] || || 7,150

| 1.6

|-

| Aliphatic || [[Methyl PicrateNitroglycerine]] || NG || 67,800700 || 1.5759

|-

| Aliphatic || [[isopropyl nitrate]] || IPN || 5,400 || 0.86

| [[Ethyl Picrate]] || || 6,500 || 1.55

|-

| Aliphatic || [[PicrylMannitol Chloridehexanitrate]] || MHN || 78,200260 || 1.7473

|-

| Aliphatic || [[TrinitrocresolPentaerythritol tetranitrate]] || PETN || 68,850400 || 1.6276

|-

| Aliphatic || [[LeadErythritol styphnatetetranitrate]] || ETN || 58,200 || 21.972

|-

|Aliphatic

| [[Triaminotrinitrobenzene]] || [[TATB]]

|[[Xylitol pentanitrate]]

| 7,350 || 1.80

|XPN

|7,100

|1.852

|-

| '''''Aliphatic explosives'''''|| [[Ethylenedinitramine]] || EDNA || 7,570 || 1.65

|-

| Aliphatic || [[Methyl nitrateNitroguanidine]] || NQ || 8,000200 || 1.2170

|-

| Aliphatic || [[NitroglycolCyclotrimethylenetrinitramine]] || RDX || 8,000550 || 1.48762

|-

| Aliphatic || [[Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine]] || HMX || 9,100 || 1.89

| [[Nitroglycerine]] || [[Nitroglycerine|NG]]

| 7,700 || 1.59

|-

| Aliphatic || [[Hexanitrodiphenylamine]] || HND || 7,100 || 1.64

| [[Mannitol hexanitrate]] || || 8,260

| 1.73

|-

| Aliphatic || [[Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane]] || HNIW or CL-20<ref name="HMX">{{Cite journal|last1=Bolton|first1=O.|last2=Simke|first2=L. R.|last3=Pagoria|first3=P. F.|last4=Matzger|first4=A. J.|year=2012|title=High Power Explosive with Good Sensitivity: A 2:1 Cocrystal of CL-20:HMX|journal=Crystal Growth & Design|volume=12|issue=9|page=4311|doi=10.1021/cg3010882|bibcode=2012CrGrD..12.4311B }}</ref>|| 9,500 || 2.04

| [[Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate]] || [[PETN]]

| 8,400 || 1.7

|-

|Aliphatic

|

|[[Dinitroglycoluril]]

|| EDNA || 7,570 || 1.65

|DINGU

|8,450

|1.94

|-

| Aliphatic || [[Glycoluril|Tetranitroglycoluril]] || TNGU, Sorguyl, Sorguryl || 9,150 || 1.95

| [[Nitroguanidine]] || NQ || 8,200 || 1.7

|-

| Aliphatic || [[HHTDD|Hexanitrohexaazatricyclododecanedione]] || HHTDD, DTNGU, Naza/Namsorguyl/uryl HnHaza/amTcDglcDuryl || 9,700 || 2.16

| [[Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine]] || [[RDX]]

| 8,750 || 1.76

|-

| Aliphatic || [[Nitrotriazolone|5-Nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-one]]<ref>Viswanath DS, Ghosh TK, Boddu VM. (2018) 5-Nitro-2,4-Dihydro-3H-1,2,4-Triazole-3-One (NTO). Chapter 5 in Emerging Energetic Materials: Synthesis, Physicochemical, and Detonation Properties. Springer. {{doi|10.1007/978-94-024-1201-7_5}}</ref> || NTO || 8,564 || 1.93

| [[Cyclotetramethylene Tetranitramine]]

|-,

| [[HMX]] || 9,100 || 1.91

| Aliphatic || [[Octanitrocubane]] || ONC || 10,100 || 2.00

|-

| Aliphatic || [[Nitrocellulose]] || NC || 7,050 || 1.20

| [[Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane]]

| [[HNIW]] or [[CL-20]] || 9,400 || 2.04

|-

| Aliphatic || [[Urea nitrate]] || UN || 4,700 || 1.67

| [[Tetranitroglycoluril]] || Sorguyl || 9,150

| 1.95

|-

| Aliphatic || [[Hydrogen peroxide-urea]] || UHP || 3,940 || 0.85

| '''''Inorganic explosives''''' || || ||

|-

| Aliphatic || [[Triacetone triperoxide]] || AP or TATP || 5,300 || 1.18

| [[Mercury fulminate|Mercury Fulminate]]

|

|| 4,250 || 3.0

|-

| Aliphatic || [[LeadMethyl azideethyl ketone peroxide]] || MEKP || 45,630200 || 31.017

|-

| Aliphatic || [[SilverHexamethylene azidetriperoxide diamine]] || HMTD || 4,000500 || 4.0.88

|-

| [[AmmoniumInorganic Nitratecompound|Inorganic]] || AN[[Mercury fulminate]] || 5 || 4,270250 || 1.3.00

|-

|- class="sortbottom"

| Inorganic || [[Flash powder|Potassium perchlorate aluminium mixture]] || KClO₄<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/296417.pdf |title=Data |publisher=www.dtic.mil |access-date=2019-12-15}}{{dead link|date=June 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> || 4,600 || 1.5

! Explosive Name

|-

| Inorganic || [[Lead azide]] || || 4,630 || 3.00

|-

| Inorganic || [[Nickel hydrazine nitrate]] || NHN || 8,150 || 1.70

|-

| Inorganic || [[Silver azide]] || || 4,000 || 4.00

|-

| Aliphatic || [[ANFO|Ammonium nitrate/fuel oil]] || AN/FO || 4,940 || 1.30

|-

| Inorganic || [[Ammonium nitrate/hexamin]] || AMT || 5,000 || 2.00

|-

| Inorganic || [[Ammonium nitrate/sugar]] || Ansu || 3,400 || 1.75

|-

| Aliphatic || [[Nitromethane]] || NM || 6,400 || 1.1371

|-

| Inorganic || [[Armstrong's mixture]] || AM || 4,500 || 1.50

|-

|Aliphatic

|Methylene dinitroamine<ref>{{Cite web |last=PubChem |title=Medina |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/26524 |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=methylenedinitramine {{!}} CH4N4O4 {{!}} ChemSpider |url=http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.24707.html |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=www.chemspider.com}}</ref>

|MEDINA

|8,700

|1.65

|- class = "sortbottom"

! Explosive class

! Explosive name

! Abbreviation

! Detonation<br>Velocityvelocity (m/s)

! Test Density<br>(g/cm³³)

|}

==ReferencesSee also==

* [[TNT equivalent]]

*Cooper, Paul W., ''Explosives Engineering'', New York: Wiley-VCH, 1996. ISBN 0-471-18636-8

* [[RE factor]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}

[[Category:ExplosivesChemistry-related lists]]

[[Category:Explosives engineering|*]]

[[Category:Explosive chemicals]]