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{{Infobox Romanian subdivision
|type = town
|county = Caraș-Severin
|image_map = Moldova Noua jud Caras-Severin.png
|map_caption = Location in Caraș-Severin County
|official_name = Moldova Nouă
|image_shield = ROU CS Moldova Noua CoA.png
|image_skyline = Moldova Noua 1.jpg
|image_caption = Moldova Nouă as seen from [[Serbia]], across the [[Danube]]
|leader_name = Ion Chisăliță<ref>{{cite web |url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/romania-pv-final |title=Results of the 2020 local elections |publisher=Central Electoral Bureau |access-date=8 June 2021 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|leader_party = PNL
|term = 2020–2024
|coordinates = {{coord|44|43|4|N|21|39|50|E|region:RO|display=inline,title}}
|elevation = 114
|elevation_min =
|elevation_max =
|area_total = 145.84
|population_total = auto
|population_as_of =
|population_footnotes =
|postal_code = 325500
|area_code = (+40) 02 55
|website = {{URL|http://www.moldovanoua.com}}
}}
[[File:Banat Josephinische Landaufnahme pg193.jpg|thumb|Moldova Nouă (''Neu-Moldova'') and Moldova Veche (''Moldova'') on the [[Josephinian Land Survey]], {{circa}} 1770]]
'''Moldova Nouă''' ({{IPA|ro|molˌdova ˈnowə|-|Ro-Moldova Nouă.ogg}}; {{Langx|hu|Újmoldova}}; {{Langx|de|Neumoldowa}}; {{Langx|cs|Nová Moldava}} or ''Bošňák''; {{langx|sr|Нова Молдава or Бошњак|Nova Moldova or Bošnjak}}) is a town in southwestern [[Romania]] in [[Caraș-Severin County]] (the historical region of [[Banat]]), in an area known as ''[[Clisura Dunării]]''. The town administers three villages: Măcești ({{langx|hu|Macsevics}}, {{langx|sr|Мачевић}}), Moldova Veche (''Ómoldova'', Стара Молдава), and Moldovița (''Kiskárolyfalva'', Молдавица).
The town lies on the shores of the river [[Danube]], which separates it from [[Serbia]]. It is located at the southern extremity of Caraș-Severin County, {{cvt|107|km}} from the county capital, [[Reșița]]. It is crossed by [[Roads in Romania|national road]] DN57, which connects it to [[Oravița]], {{cvt|53|km}} to the north, and [[Orșova]], {{cvt|103|km}} to the east.
In Moldova Veche village, evidence of human habitation dating to the transition between the [[Neolithic]] and the [[Bronze Age]] has been found. Additionally, there exist traces of an unfortified [[Dacia]]n settlement, similar to several others in the area.
A Roman ''[[castrum|fort]]'' located in the village supervised mining and navigation on the Danube, located in [[Roman Dacia]]. The harbour and border buildings partly lie on the ruins of the former fort with the rest below the Danube. The site was seen by the historian Leonard Bohm in the summer of 1879 when the river was low and a thorough examination of the ruins could be made. Moldova Noua was an important Roman mining centre for iron, copper, silver and gold.<ref>Touristic route no. 4: The Romans’ Roads (I) https://banatul-montan.ro/en/the-romans-roads-i/</ref>
Vestiges from the Dark Ages and the Early Middle Ages have been found; during the 10th and 11th centuries, the area was controlled by [[Glad (duke)|Glad]] and later [[Ajtony|Ahtum]].<ref name="ist">{{in lang|ro}} [http://www.moldovanoua.com/prezentare/ Short history] at the Moldova Nouă Town Hall site</ref> [[Serbs]] have been living there since their replacement of the Gepids in the 5th century. <ref>{{cite book |last1=Georgiev |first1=Pavel |title=The Abodriti-Praedenecenti between the Tisza and the Danube in the 9th Century |year=2014 |publisher=Archaeolingua |isbn=978-963-9911-55-0 |pages=107-120}}</ref>
In 1552, when the Banat fell under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule, Moldova Veche became the capital of a [[sanjak]] within the [[Temeşvar Eyalet]].<ref name="ist"/> In 1566, at the end of [[Suleiman the Magnificent]]'s reign, coins of gold (''altâni'') and silver (''aspri'') were minted there.<ref>Octavian Iliescu, [http://numismatics.org/wikiuploads/DigitalPublications/iliescu2002.pdf ''The History of Coins in Romania (ca. 1500 BC – 2000 AD)''], p. 48. Bucharest: Editura Enciclopedică, 2002</ref> A document of 1588 records the place under the name ''Mudava''; this is the earliest written mention. The Slavicizied Germanic-origin toponym is still used by locals. [[Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu]] and the majority of Romanian philologists and historians claim that the name comes from the term of Germanic origin mulde (i.e., "hollow", "quarry" or "drainage").<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maximean |first1=Doina |title=A new theory on the etymology of the name of "Moldova" |journal=Annals of the Academy of Romanian Scientists Series on History and Archaeology |year=2014 |volume=6 |pages=2-7}}</ref> In 1718, the area came under the [[Habsburg monarchy]]'s control.<ref name="ist"/>
The village was absorbed into Moldova Nouă in 1956. It is the site of [[Port of Moldova Veche|a Danube port]].<ref>Hinnerk Dreppenstedt, ''Flusskreuzfahrten Donau'', p. 304. Berlin: Trescher Verlag 2017. {{ISBN|978-389794-373-5}}</ref> There is a [[Baptist Union of Romania|Baptist]] church; the community was established in 1927, its first church built in 1967 and the present structure in 2001.<ref>{{in lang|ro}} [http://www.harulmoldovaveche.ro/?page_id=220 History] at the Grace Church site</ref> Adherents are both Romanian and Serbian, with services conducted in Romanian.<ref>Djurić-Milovanović, p. 128</ref>
==Demographics==
In 1910, out of 3,437 inhabitants, 2,934 were ethnic Romanians, 295 Germans, 91 Hungarians, 41 Serbs and 73 Czechs; 3,004 where belonging to Orthodoxy, 389 where Roman Catholic and 25 where Reformed.
At the 2011 census, 81.2% of inhabitants were [[Romanians]], 12.8% [[Serbs]], 3.2% [[Roma in Romania|Roma]], 1.3% [[Hungarians]], and 0.8% [[Czechs]]. At the 2002 census, 88.4% were [[Romanian Orthodox]], 4.5% [[Baptist Union of Romania|Baptist]], 4% [[Roman Catholic]], and 2% [[Pentecostal Union of Romania|Pentecostal]].
{{Historical populations
|source = Census data
|1956 |3582
|1966 |6192
|1977 |15973
|1992 |16874
|2002 |15112
|2011 |12350
}}
==Natives==
* [[Ștefan Blănaru]] (born 1989), Romanian footballer
* [[Alin Dobrosavlevici]] (born 1994), Romanian footballer
* [[Emilijan Josimović]] (1823–1897), Serbian urbanist
* [[Iasmin Latovlevici]] (born 1986), Romanian footballer
* [[Mihăiță Pleșan]] (born 1983), Romanian footballer
* [[Anca Pop]] (1984–2018), Romanian-Canadian singer-songwriter
* [[Cosmin Sârbu]] (born 1996), Romanian footballer
* [[Deian Sorescu]] (born 1997), Romanian footballer
* [[Clara Vădineanu]] (born 1986), Romanian handballer
* [[Ella Zeller]] (born 1933), Romanian table tennis player
* [[Viktor Zsuffka]] (born 1910), Hungarian pole vaulter
==Climate==
Moldova Nouă has a [[humid continental climate]] (''Cfb'' in the [[Köppen climate classification]]).
<div style="width:70%;">
{{Weather box
|___location = Moldova Nouă
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 2.4
|Feb high C = 4.4
|Mar high C = 10.1
|Apr high C = 15.9
|May high C = 20.5
|Jun high C = 24.1
|Jul high C = 26.2
|Aug high C = 26.4
|Sep high C = 21.1
|Oct high C = 15.3
|Nov high C = 9.6
|Dec high C = 3.9
|year high C =
|Jan mean C = -0.6
|Feb mean C = 0.9
|Mar mean C = 5.7
|Apr mean C = 11.2
|May mean C = 16
|Jun mean C = 19.7
|Jul mean C = 21.8
|Aug mean C = 21.8
|Sep mean C = 16.9
|Oct mean C = 11.4
|Nov mean C = 6.2
|Dec mean C = 1
|year mean C =
|Jan low C = -3.3
|Feb low C = -2.3
|Mar low C = 1.3
|Apr low C = 6.2
|May low C = 11
|Jun low C = 14.8
|Jul low C = 16.9
|Aug low C = 17.1
|Sep low C = 12.9
|Oct low C = 7.8
|Nov low C = 3.4
|Dec low C = -1.5
|year low C =
|Jan precipitation mm = 62
|Feb precipitation mm = 58
|Mar precipitation mm = 61
|Apr precipitation mm = 80
|May precipitation mm = 78
|Jun precipitation mm = 83
|Jul precipitation mm = 70
|Aug precipitation mm = 56
|Sep precipitation mm = 65
|Oct precipitation mm = 58
|Nov precipitation mm = 59
|Dec precipitation mm = 68
|year precipitation =
|date=May 2021|source=https://en.climate-data.org/europe/romania/caras-severin/moldova-noua-37211/}}
</div>
==Notes==
*Aleksandra Djurić-Milovanović, [http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0350-7653/2012/0350-76531243117D.pdf "Serbs in Romania: Relationship between Ethnic and Religious Identity"], [[Balcanica]] XLIII (2012), pp. 117–142
== References ==
{{Commons category|Moldova Nouă}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Caraş-Severin County}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Moldova Noua}}
[[Category:Populated places in Caraș-Severin County]]
[[Category:Towns in Romania]]
[[Category:Monotowns in Romania]]
[[Category:Mining communities in Romania]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Danube]]
[[Category:Romania–Serbia border crossings]]
[[Category:Localities in Romanian Banat]]
{{CaraşSeverin-geo-stub}}
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