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{{Short description|French businessman and political advisor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Pascal Lamy
| image = Pascal Lamy 2024.jpg
| office = 5th [[Director-General of the World Trade Organization]]
| term_start = 1 September 2005
| term_end = 1 September 2013
| predecessor = [[Supachai Panitchpakdi]]
| successor = [[Roberto Azevêdo]]
| office1 = [[European Commissioner for Trade]]
| president1 = [[Romano Prodi]]
| term_start1 = 13 September 1999
| term_end1 = 22 November 2004
| predecessor1 = [[Leon Brittan]]
| successor1 = [[Peter Mandelson]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1947|4|8|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Levallois-Perret]], [[French Fourth Republic|France]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]
| spouse = Geneviève Lamy
| alma_mater = [[Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris|Institute of Political Studies, Paris]]<br>[[HEC Paris]]<br>[[École nationale d'administration|National School of Administration, Strasbourg]]
| caption = Lamy in 2024
}}
'''Pascal Lamy''' (born 8 April 1947) is a French [[political consultant]] and businessman. He was the [[Director-General of the World Trade Organization]] (WTO) from 1 September 2005 to 1 September 2013 for 8 years. In April 2009, WTO members reappointed Lamy for a second 4-year term, beginning on 1 September 2009. He was then succeeded by [[Roberto Azevêdo]]. Pascal Lamy was also [[European Commissioner for Trade]] for 5 years, from 13 September 1999 to 22 November 2004 and is an advisor for the transatlantic think-tank [[European Horizons]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://europeanhorizons.org/|title=European Horizons – A Transatlantic Think-Tank|website=europeanhorizons.org|language=en|access-date=2018-01-28}}</ref> as well as currently serving as the Honorary President of the Paris-based [[think tank]], [[Notre Europe]].
==Early life==
Born in [[Levallois-Perret]], [[Hauts-de-Seine]], a suburb of Paris, Lamy studied at [[Sciences Po Paris]], from [[HEC Paris|HEC]] and [[École nationale d'administration|ÉNA]], graduating second in his year of those specialising in economics.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}
Lamy has been a member of the [[Socialist Party (France)|French Socialist Party]] since 1969.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}
==Career==
[[File:Pascal Lamy WEF Davos 2010.jpg|thumb|Lamy during the [[World Economic Forum|WEF]] 2010]]
===Member of the European Commission===
In 1979 Pascal Lamy was appointed to the post of Secretary General of the "Mayoux Committee". During 1979-1981 he worked as Deputy Secretary General, then Secretary General of the Interministerial Committee for the Remodelling of Industrial Structures (CIASI) in the Treasury Department. In 1981 Pascal Lamy was technical Adviser, then deputy director (June 1982), Office of the Ministers for Economic and Financial Affairs (Mr Jacques Delors).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/dg_e/bio_lamy_e.htm|title=WTO - Director-General selection - Pascal Lamy, biography|website=www.wto.org}}</ref>
Lamy became Deputy Secretary General, then Secretary General of the Interministerial Committee for the Remodelling of Industrial Structures (CIASI) in the Treasury Department. When Delors became [[President of the European Commission]] in 1984, he took Lamy with him to serve as [[Chief of staff (politics)|chef de cabinet]], which he did until the end of Delors' term in 1994. During his time there, Lamy became known as the ''Beast of the [[Berlaymont building|Berlaymont]]'', the ''[[Gendarmerie|Gendarme]]'' and ''[[Exocet]]'' due to his habit of ordering [[European Civil Service|civil servants]], even [[Directorate-General|Directors-General]] (heads of department) "precisely what to do – or else." He was seen as ruling Delors' office with a "rod of iron", with no-one able to bypass or manipulate him and those who tried being "banished to one of the less pleasant European postings".<ref name="Eppink 07">{{cite book | last = Eppink | first = Derk-Jan | author-link = Derk Jan Eppink | others = Ian Connerty (trans.) | title = Life of a European Mandarin: Inside the Commission | publisher = Lannoo | edition = 1st | pages = [https://archive.org/details/lifeofeuropeanma00eppi/page/22 22–3] | ___location = Tielt, Belgium | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-90-209-7022-7 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/lifeofeuropeanma00eppi/page/22 }}</ref>
Lamy briefly moved into business at [[Crédit Lyonnais]]. Promoted to second in command, he was involved in the [[restructuring]] and [[privatisation]] of the bank.
Returning to the European Commission in 1999, Lamy was appointed [[European Commissioner for Trade]] by Commission President [[Romano Prodi]]. Lamy served to the expiry of the commission's term in 2004. His ability to manage the powerful civil servants in his department was noted.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/former-eu-mandarin-spills-the-beans-on-commission-intrigue/a-2790009|title=Former EU Mandarin Spills the Beans on Commission Intrigue - DW - 21.09.2007|website=DW.COM}}</ref> During his time in office, he pushed for a new [[Doha Development Round|Doha round of world trade talks]] and advocated reform within the WTO.<ref>Raphael Minder, Frances Williams and Alan Beattie (7 December 2004), [https://www.ft.com/content/b5cc0f00-4873-11d9-9162-00000e2511c8 Pascal Lamy in running to head WTO]{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref>
===Director-General of the WTO, 2005–2013===
On 13 May 2005, Lamy was chosen as the next director-general of the World Trade Organization, and took office on 1 September 2005 for a four-year term. He had been nominated by the [[European Union]] and won over candidates including Carlos Pérez del Castillo of [[Uruguay]] and [[Jaya Krishna Cuttaree]] of [[Mauritius]].
On 30 April 2009, Lamy was re-elected unanimously by the WTO General Council for a second term of four years, beginning 1 September 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news_e.htm|title=WTO - News - What's happening at the WTO|website=www.wto.org}}</ref> He also served as the chairman of the organization's Trade Negotiations Committee. He was the WTO's fifth director-general.
Also in 2009, Lamy served on the High Level Commission on the Modernization of World Bank Group Governance, which – under the leadership of [[Ernesto Zedillo]] – conducted an external review of the [[World Bank Group]]'s governance.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:22360012~pagePK:64257043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.html|title=Outside Review Supports World Bank Group Reform| date=21 October 2009|website=Web.worldbank.org|access-date=27 January 2018}}</ref>
==Later career==
Since 2019, Lamy has been serving as President of the [[Paris Peace Forum]]. Pascal Lamy is a member of the advisory board of the [[Prague European Summit]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://praguesummit.eu/#speakers|title=International Programme Board}}</ref> In 2019, he joined [[Brunswick Group]] as its president for European operations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alcaraz |first=Maria |date=5 December 2019 |title=L'agence Brunswick recrute Pascal Lamy |trans-title=Brunswick agency recruits Pascal Lamy |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/tech-medias/medias/lagence-brunswick-recrute-pascal-lamy-1154069 |work=Les Echos |language=fr}}</ref>
==Other activities==
===Corporate boards===
* [[Danone]], Member of the Mission Committee (since 2020)<ref>Leila Abboud (26 June 2020), [https://www.ft.com/content/1eff9241-ef11-4a38-8b5c-bb825fa108ca Danone adopts new legal status to reflect social mission] ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>[https://www.danone.com/about-danone/sustainable-value-creation/danone-entreprise-a-mission.html Danone becomes an "Entreprise à Mission"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123105303/https://www.danone.com/about-danone/sustainable-value-creation/danone-entreprise-a-mission.html |date=23 January 2021 }} [[Danone]], press release of 24 June 2020.</ref>
* [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]], Member of the International Advisory Committee (since 2015)<ref>[https://assets.bosch.com/media/en/global/bosch_group/our_figures/publication_archive/pdf_1/GB2016.pdf 2016 Annual Report] [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]].</ref>
===Non-profit organizations===
* Africa Europe Foundation (AEF), Member of the High-Level Group of Personalities on Africa-Europe Relations (since 2020)<ref>[https://www.friendsofeurope.org/initiatives/eu-africa-high-level-group/ High-Level Group of Personalities on Africa-Europe Relations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411085150/https://www.friendsofeurope.org/initiatives/eu-africa-high-level-group/ |date=11 April 2022 }} Africa Europe Foundation (AEF).</ref>
* [[Berggruen Institute]], Member of the Council for the Future of Europe<ref>[https://www.berggruen.org/people/group/cfe/ Council for the Future of Europe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504151348/https://www.berggruen.org/people/group/cfe/ |date=4 May 2019 }} [[Berggruen Institute]].</ref>
* Broader European Leadership Agenda (BELA), Member of the Advisory Board<ref>[http://www.bela-foundation.eu/index.php?page=advisory-board Advisory Board] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218234454/http://www.bela-foundation.eu/index.php?page=advisory-board |date=18 February 2017 }} Broader European Leadership Agenda (BELA).</ref>
* [[Center for Economic and Policy Research]] (CEPR), Distinguished Fellow (since 2019)<ref>[https://cepr.org/content/distinguished-fellows-0 Distinguished Fellows] [[Center for Economic and Policy Research]] (CEPR).</ref>
* [[Centre for European Reform]] (CER), Member of the Advisory Board
* [[European Climate Foundation]], Member of the Supervisory Board<ref>[https://europeanclimate.org/governance/ Supervisory Board] [[European Climate Foundation]].</ref>
* [[Europaeum]], Member of the Board of Trustees<ref>[https://europaeum.org/governance/ Governance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720173934/http://europaeum.org/governance/ |date=20 July 2020 }} [[Europaeum]].</ref>
* [[European Council on Foreign Relations]] (ECFR), Member<ref>[http://www.ecfr.eu/council/members Members] [[European Council on Foreign Relations]].</ref>
* [[European Horizons]], Advisor
* Fondation européenne d'études progressistes (FEPS), vice-president of the Bureau
* French Institute for International and Strategic Affairs (IRIS]), Honorary President of the Board of Directors<ref>[https://www.iris-france.org/experts-en/ Board of Directors] French Institute for International and Strategic Affairs (IRIS]).</ref>
* [[Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies]] of Geneva, distinguished senior fellow.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.graduateinstitute.ch/discover-institute/our-community/distinguished-fellows | title=The Distinguished Fellows | IHEID }}</ref>
* Jacques Delors Centre at [[Hertie School]], Member of the Advisory Board<ref>[https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/about/advisory-board Advisory Board] Jacques Delors Centre at [[Hertie School]].</ref>
* [[Mo Ibrahim Foundation]], Member of the Board<ref>[http://mo.ibrahim.foundation/about-us/board/ Board] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922012329/https://mo.ibrahim.foundation/about-us/board |date=22 September 2020 }} [[Mo Ibrahim Foundation]].</ref>
* [[Les Musiciens du Louvre]], President of the Board of Directors
* [[Women in Parliaments Global Forum|Women Political Leaders Global Forum]] (WPL), Member of the Global Advisory Board<ref>[https://www.womenpoliticalleaders.org/about/advisory-board/ Global Advisory Board] [[Women in Parliaments Global Forum|Women Political Leaders Global Forum]] (WPL).</ref>
* [[Transparency International]], Member of the Advisory Council<ref>[https://www.transparency.org/whoweare/organisation/advisory_council/0 Advisory Council] [[Transparency International]].</ref>
* [[UNAIDS]]–''[[The Lancet|Lancet]]'' Commission on Defeating AIDS, Member (2013-2015)<ref>[http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/campaigns/post2015/listofcommissioners List of Commissioners] [[UNAIDS]]–[[The Lancet|Lancet]] Commission on Defeating AIDS.</ref>
==Personal life==
Lamy is married and has three sons. His hobbies include running and cycling.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_1999_2004/lamy/cv_en.htm|title=Commissioner Pascal Lamy|website=ec.europa.eu}}</ref>
==Select publications==
*Lamy, Pascal. [http://www.cambridge.org/sg/academic/subjects/law/international-trade-law/geneva-consensus-making-trade-work-all?format=PB ''The Geneva Consensus: Making Trade Work for All'']. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
*Lamy, Pascal. [https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/handle/1807/4877 ''The Economic Summit and the European Community'']. Bissell Paper No. 5. Toronto: University of Toronto, Centre for International Studies, 1988
==Lectures==
[http://legal.un.org/avl/faculty/Lamy.html ''The Relationship between WTO Law and General International Law''] in the [http://legal.un.org/avl/lectureseries.html Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Pascal Lamy}}
* The [https://archives.eui.eu/en/fonds/547511?item=PLA private papers] of Pascal Lamy are deposited at the [https://www.eui.eu/en/academic-units/historical-archives-of-the-european-union Historical Archives of the European Union] in Florence
* [http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/dg_e/pl_e.htm About Pascal Lamy]
* [http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_1999_2004/lamy/cv_en.htm Pascal Lamy's Commissioner's profile]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121023091046/http://www.notre-europe.eu/en/ Notre Europe]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060909090411/http://www.theglobalist.com/StoryId.aspx?StoryId=5152 "Pascal Lamy – Managing Global Expectations"], ''[[The Globalist]]'', 23 February 2006
* [http://www.democracynow.org/2009/11/30/wto_chief_pascal_lamay_free_trade Pascal Lamy: Free Trade and Interdependence Help Promote Freedom] – video report by ''[[Democracy Now!]]''
{{
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Édith Cresson]]<br>[[Yves-Thibault de Silguy]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[French European Commissioner]]|alongside=[[Michel Barnier]]|years=1999–2004}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Jacques Barrot]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Leon Brittan]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[European Commissioner for Trade]]|years=1999–2004|alongside=[[Danuta Hübner]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Peter Mandelson]]}}
|-
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Supachai Panitchpakdi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Director-General of the World Trade Organization]]|years=2005–2013}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Roberto Azevêdo]]}}
{{S-end}}
{{European Commissioner for Trade}}
{{World Trade Organization}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lamy, Pascal}}
[[
[[Category:École nationale d'administration alumni]]
[[Category:Lycée Carnot alumni]]
[[Category:HEC Paris alumni]]
[[Category:Sciences Po alumni]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
[[Category:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Grand Officers of the Ordre national du Mérite]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Levallois-Perret]]
[[Category:Socialist Party (France) politicians]]
[[Category:French economists]]
[[Category:French bankers]]
[[Category:French European commissioners]]
[[Category:Directors-general of the World Trade Organization]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Sciences Po]]
[[Category:Brunswick Group people]]
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