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== Science- About Shadows ==
Hello, I was wondering if you can help me out on these questions that I am asking not the my teacher asking me. Thanks a bunch!=)
1.how is the umbra and the prnumbra related to the shadows?
= August 12 =
2.How does a translucent shadow and transparent shadow different from an opaque shadow?
== What is this species of bean? ==
[[File:Speckled butterbeans 2025.jpg|right|thumb|100px|Speckled butterbeans]]
3.How soes a shadow get bigger and smaller in the relation to the angle and intensity of the light?
These are called "speckled butterbeans" and they are discussed in [[lima bean]]. However, the article says that lima beans grow in the eastern US in "Delaware and the mid-Atlantic". These are from farther south. Their taste is quite different from what are known as lima beans. What species are they? [[User:Bubba73|Bubba73]] <sup>[[User talk:Bubba73|You talkin' to me?]]</sup> 19:40, 12 August 2025 (UTC)
:Hey Bubba: lima beans originate from meso-America and the Andes (hence the name), but were apparently domesticated independently at least twice, and there are numerous different cultivars today. However, they are all constitute a single species (''Phaseolus lunatus''), and I suspect most varieties would grow quite well throughout most of the Southern U.S., considering their original geographic/ecological distribution. Indeed, lima bean article contains a picture of speckled butterbeans which indicates the specimens in question were grown in the state of Georgia. So the article's description of their horticulture in the U.S. might just not be exhaustive and precise enough. But yes, despite the difference in morphology/appearance and taste from those that may be more familiar to you, these are also lima beans. ''[[User:Snow Rise|<b style="color:#19a0fd;">S</b><b style="color:#66c0fd">n</b><b style="color:#99d5fe;">o</b><b style="color:#b2dffe;">w</b><b style="color:#B27EB2;">Rise</b>]][[User talk:Snow Rise|<sup><b style="color:#d4143a"> let's rap</b></sup>]]'' 23:22, 12 August 2025 (UTC)
::Oh look: they somewhat match the color scheme of my signature. Very aesthetically pleasing coincidence. :) ''[[User:Snow Rise|<b style="color:#19a0fd;">S</b><b style="color:#66c0fd">n</b><b style="color:#99d5fe;">o</b><b style="color:#b2dffe;">w</b><b style="color:#B27EB2;">Rise</b>]][[User talk:Snow Rise|<sup><b style="color:#d4143a"> let's rap</b></sup>]]'' 23:24, 12 August 2025 (UTC)
::: Thanks, they are so different in looks and taste (and growing region) that I didn't think they were the same species. The photo of speckled butterbeans in the [[lima bean]] article is mine. I put it there years ago because I found "speckled butterbeans" mentioned in that article. [[User:Bubba73|Bubba73]] <sup>[[User talk:Bubba73|You talkin' to me?]]</sup> 00:41, 13 August 2025 (UTC)
4.Why do liquid shadows appear ethereal?
::::The beans shown above are variegated, but I wouldn't call them "speckled", unlike those in the photo in [[Lima bean]]. Several of the beans above, in particular the reddish ones, have noticeable fans of streaks, not seen in most bean varieties. I see a similar pattern in [https://rohrerseeds.com/cdn/shop/files/ChristmasPoleLimaBean_2032x1350.jpg?v=1710433634 these lima beans]. Different varieties of ''Phaseolus vulgaris'' do taste differently, so I expect this can also be the case for different varieties of ''Phaseolus lunatus''. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 10:15, 13 August 2025 (UTC)
:Keep in mind most all bean varieties are developed from just a handful species, and that varietal differences can be huge.
:As a point of reference, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, and kale are all ''[[Brassica oleracea]]''. [[User:SemanticMantis|SemanticMantis]] ([[User talk:SemanticMantis|talk]]) 16:54, 13 August 2025 (UTC)
::Kale too? I didn't realize. Hey Semanto-Manto: good to see you--I wasn't sure we would again! ''[[User:Snow Rise|<b style="color:#19a0fd;">S</b><b style="color:#66c0fd">n</b><b style="color:#99d5fe;">o</b><b style="color:#b2dffe;">w</b><b style="color:#B27EB2;">Rise</b>]][[User talk:Snow Rise|<sup><b style="color:#d4143a"> let's rap</b></sup>]]'' 21:37, 13 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Yep, and collards and kohlrabi too! ''[[Brassica rapa]]'' also has many distinct culinary varieties, from turnips to bok choi to rapeseed. I did take a break for a while but I have my professor hat back on and I plan to hang out around here a bit more. Good to see you too :) [[User:SemanticMantis|SemanticMantis]] ([[User talk:SemanticMantis|talk]]) 00:03, 14 August 2025 (UTC)
::::I've heard grumblings that some of the cultivars of ''Brassica oleracea'' and ''Brassica rapa'' might have some genetic input from other species. <span style="font-family: Cambria;"> [[User:Abductive|<span style="color: teal;">'''Abductive'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Abductive|reasoning]])</span> 18:46, 14 August 2025 (UTC)
= August 13 =
5. Why do shadows appear colored?
== How to start making cellular automata ==
::You may want to start by reading [[Shadows]]. From a quick glance at the article, it appears to answer several of your questions. [[User:Splintax|'''<font color="#333333">s</font><font color="#666666">p</font><font color="#999999">l</font><font color="#BBBBBB">i</font><font color="#BBBBBB">n</font><font color="#999999">t</font><font color="#666666">a</font><font color="#333333">x</font>''']] <sup>[[User_talk:Splintax|<font color="#333333">(talk)]]</sup> 03:08, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
What's the way to get into cellular automata? What's a good book to read with interesting "case studies?" I'm interested in things like varied fields with rules diversified within that create conditions for filtering and longevity of items. Neural automata within classical fields. User manipulation to make attractor conditions or simple destruction of items. Fun stuff like that. A glossary of terms would be a help too. Thank you.
::You might also consider asking your science teacher. :D [[User:TenOfAllTrades|TenOfAllTrades]]([[User_talk:TenOfAllTrades|talk]]) 21:34, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
[[User:Gongula Spring|Gongula Spring]] ([[User talk:Gongula Spring|talk]]) 19:00, 13 August 2025 (UTC)
:Are you talking about [[Cellular automaton]]? ←[[User:Baseball Bugs|Baseball Bugs]] <sup>''[[User talk:Baseball Bugs|What's up, Doc?]]''</sup> [[Special:Contributions/Baseball_Bugs|carrots]]→ 20:58, 13 August 2025 (UTC)
:We can give you better direction if you tell us a little about where you're starting from. Do you know any programming already, and if so, what languages?
:On balance, Netlogo is a good system for cellular automata and other similar types of simulation and modeling. See eg [here](https://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/CA1DElementary) [[User:SemanticMantis|SemanticMantis]] ([[User talk:SemanticMantis|talk]]) 00:13, 14 August 2025 (UTC)
::I can't say I haven't tried programming before, but I can confidently deny any proficiency. [[User:Gongula Spring|Gongula Spring]] ([[User talk:Gongula Spring|talk]]) 00:47, 14 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Rather a deep dive, Wolfram's ''[[A New Kind of Science]]'' can be read for free as an [https://www.wolframscience.com/nks/ e-book]. Linear (one-dimensional) cellular automata, which include the [[Turing machine]]s, are introduced on page 24, while two-dimensional cellular automata make their first appearance on page 170. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 02:07, 14 August 2025 (UTC)
::::Our article on [[Conway's Game of Life]] gives a good overview of one of the first such programs. I remember coding that up in machine code on a [[ZX81]], which was how I first became interested in computing. [[User:Michael D. Turnbull|Mike Turnbull]] ([[User talk:Michael D. Turnbull|talk]]) 19:11, 15 August 2025 (UTC)
::::Thanks! And wow, Wolfram writes interesting, doesn't he? I can stand the arrogance, but not the repetition. I found this recent paper on longevity: https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12306
::::[[User:Gongula Spring|Gongula Spring]] ([[User talk:Gongula Spring|talk]]) 19:20, 15 August 2025 (UTC)
== FossilsAugust 14 ==
== Why wasn't snow always visible on analogue TV? ==
What is a fossil?
What is the oldest fossil?
who is a famous fossil finder?
year 3 Northam Primary
[[File:FREE real VHS static.webm|right|250px]] If you tuned an analogue TV to any channel which didn't have a station transmitting on it, you would see [[Noise (video)|snow]] and hear white noise. This was because you were picking up the omnipresent background noise, from such sources as dying stars.
:Hello [[Northam, Western Australia|Northam]] Primary! Did you read our article on [[fossil]]s, and the article linked from it on [[paleontology]] (the study of fossils)? These two articles contain good answers to all your questions. If you are having trouble understanding the articles, ask your teacher to help explain them. --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 05:50, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
All very well, but why weren't the pattern and the noise imposed over every broadcast channel? If it's just that the signal from the transmitter was louder than the background noise, why wasn't the background noise grey? [[User:Marnanel|Marnanel]] ([[User talk:Marnanel|talk]]) 13:38, 14 August 2025 (UTC)
== Vicosity of petrol and desiel ==
:[[Automatic gain control]] turned the gain to maximum in the absence of a signal [[User:Catslash|catslash]] ([[User talk:Catslash|talk]]) 13:48, 14 August 2025 (UTC)
what is viscosity of petrol and disel
:The signal to noise ratio is massive in a properly tuned TV or radio. That background noise is multiple orders of magnitude lower in amplitude than the broadcast signal being beamed at high power from nearby.
:I assume that you want [[viscosity]] in Pa s (pascal-seconds). While I couldn't find any information on the Wikipedia, a quick [http://www.google.com/search?q=viscosities Google search] turns up [http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/kinematic-viscosity-21_397.html this] as the second result. I don't understand the results on that page but hopefully you will.
:[http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/dynamic-absolute-kinematic-viscosity-21_412.html This] page should also help you convert the viscosities given in that document to the SI units (Pa s). [[User:Splintax|'''<font color="#333333">s</font><font color="#666666">p</font><font color="#999999">l</font><font color="#BBBBBB">i</font><font color="#BBBBBB">n</font><font color="#999999">t</font><font color="#666666">a</font><font color="#333333">x</font>''']] <sup>[[User_talk:Splintax|<font color="#333333">(talk)]]</sup> 14:16, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
::Oil products are usually characterized by their kinematic viscosity measured in [[Poise|centipoise]] (cP), as this is the unit used by the [[ASTM]] standards. 1 cP = 1 mPa s. Petrol (gasoline) has a viscosity of around 0.6 cP at room temperature, diesel (kerosine) is about 2.5 cP. Both these figures vary (greatly) with temperature and (slightly) with the sample of fuel. [[User:Physchim62|Physchim62]] 18:41, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
:Edit: Btw, TV snow is the exact same phenomenon as static on a radio that's not tuned to a station or is moving out of range. That gain that that [[User:catslash|catslash]] mentions is a technique used to ensure the radio doesn't change in volume as you receive more or less of the signal due to distance. If you've ever heard a radio station gradually growing staticky as you drive out of range, that's what's going on -- it's amplifying the signal, and the noise with it, until all you can hear is the noise. We just don't tend to gradually move out of range of TV stations. -- [[User:Avocado|Avocado]] ([[User talk:Avocado|talk]]) 13:51, 14 August 2025 (UTC)
== Unscrewing old screws ==
::Noise radiation from star sources and the CMB (Cosmic Background Noise) are detectable by sensitive radioastronomy antennas with ultra-low noise amplifiers. Domestic analog TVs are quite incapable of displaying such noise. Describing the off-program "snow" display as interstellar in origin is a common "lie to children". What one is actually seeing is thermal noise generated in the TVs own input circuit that greatly exceeds any supposed signal from space. <!-- Template:Unsigned IP --><small class="autosigned">— Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/2A02:FE1:4088:5E00:454:9CE8:B297:115F|2A02:FE1:4088:5E00:454:9CE8:B297:115F]] ([[User talk:2A02:FE1:4088:5E00:454:9CE8:B297:115F#top|talk]]) 08:40, 16 August 2025 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
:::Over here tv stations kept transmitters off during the day and if TV was turned on it was Cosmic Noise audible with dots very fine small dancing dots and TV technicians used to asses the quality of TV reception to be after few hours , it was always correct .Tv sets were CRT, B & W . [[User:Dr chifti|Dr chifti]] ([[User talk:Dr chifti|talk]]) 05:25, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
= August 15 =
I've got a couple of screws that are old and jammed really tightly in their sockets. Using a good cross-head screwdriver all I succeeded in doing was dent the heads — the metal seems really soft. I stopped before I destroyed the crosses in the heads entirely, though. What should I do to get them out. Would a standard lock lubricant work, or do I need something more powerful? — [[User:Asbestos|Asbestos]] | [[User talk:Asbestos|<FONT COLOR=#808080>Talk </FONT>]] [[User:Asbestos/RFC|<FONT COLOR=#808080><small>(RFC)</small></FONT>]] 10:33, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
== pregnancies ==
:Once the slot is damaged you will probably have to sacrifice the screws but it should be possible to get them out. Put a couple of drops of penetrating oil on and leave for an hour. Tap the top of the screwdriver with a hammer to loosedn the screw. Wipe all the oil away from the head and try again. If the head is proud of the material you might be able to grip it with pliers to turn it. Last resort is to drill out the screw. Choose a drill bit just over half the width of the screw head and drill it out, then use thin nose pliers to extract the rest of it. [[User:Shantavira|Shantavira]] 12:49, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
{{collapse top|title=Trolling. [[User:-insert valid name here-|-insert valid name here-]] ([[User talk:-insert valid name here-|talk]]) 21:07, 15 August 2025 (UTC)}}
::There is a tool called "Easy-Out" (or EZ Out) that works by drilling a hole in the center of the screw and inserting a '''left''' turning tapered screw. The Easy-Out screw will bind into the hole and then force the jammed screw to turn. Some illustrations are [http://www.toolprice.com/category/screwextractors/ here]. --[[User:Hydnjo|hydnjo]] [[User talk:Hydnjo|talk]] 16:33, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
which appropriate discussion website can i talk about pregnancies because i am a student ashley researching pregnancies?([[Special:Contributions/117.202.165.2|117.202.165.2]] ([[User talk:117.202.165.2|talk]]) 18:45, 15 August 2025 (UTC)
:Probably best just to use a search engine to find suitable sites. For example [https://www.reddit.com/r/pregnant/ reddit] or [https://www.mumsnet.com/talk/pregnancy Mumsnet]. [[User:Michael D. Turnbull|Mike Turnbull]] ([[User talk:Michael D. Turnbull|talk]]) 19:02, 15 August 2025 (UTC)
Thanks all. I ended up solving it even before getting back to my question. I used a spray-on lubricant — WB-40 or whatever it's called — let it sit for a few minutes, tapped in my screwdriver using a hammer, and then unscrewed it successfully. Thanks! — [[User:Asbestos|Asbestos]] | [[User talk:Asbestos|<FONT COLOR=#808080>Talk </FONT>]] [[User:Asbestos/RFC|<FONT COLOR=#808080><small>(RFC)</small></FONT>]] 22:50, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
::WD-40. [[User:Robchurch|Rob Church]] <sup>''[[User_talk:Robchurch|Talk]]'' | ''[[User:Robchurch/Desk|Desk]]''</sup> 23:58, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
: In future, you could try Loctite (iirc), or this tip I heard off ''[[Tool Time]]'' (yes, from [[Home Improvement]]) that has oddly stuck with me - take a hacksaw and cut a slot into the head and use a regular slotted driver. [[User:Dysprosia|Dysprosia]] 07:29, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
:Last time, you said your name was Lisa.[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Science&diff=prev&oldid=1305786495] You need to get your trolling stories straight. ←[[User:Baseball Bugs|Baseball Bugs]] <sup>''[[User talk:Baseball Bugs|What's up, Doc?]]''</sup> [[Special:Contributions/Baseball_Bugs|carrots]]→ 19:12, 15 August 2025 (UTC)
::That's why I prefer to use slotted screws. They're much more solid. Both the screw and the screwdriver last longer (less frequent slipping). And because of the simple function it is by definition standardised, so to say, which Phillips screws and the like are not. You need a whole bunch of screwdrivers to be prepared for all screws. With a slotted screw you don't even need a screwdriver; a knife or coin or something similar will usually do the job too. And, conversely, your trick works only with this design (which is so simple you can hardly call it a design). [[User:DirkvdM|DirkvdM]] 10:10, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
::i do not know any lisa. did you check my ip address because there are tons of students researching pregnancies obviously?([[Special:Contributions/117.202.165.2|117.202.165.2]] ([[User talk:117.202.165.2|talk]]) 19:27, 15 August 2025 (UTC)).
:::You don't know any Ashley either. ←[[User:Baseball Bugs|Baseball Bugs]] <sup>''[[User talk:Baseball Bugs|What's up, Doc?]]''</sup> [[Special:Contributions/Baseball_Bugs|carrots]]→ 19:45, 15 August 2025 (UTC)
::::angry 😡 i do not like your accusations i am ashley leave me alone.
::::by the way, i am visiting india.
::::where can i discuss indian films online?([[Special:Contributions/117.202.165.2|117.202.165.2]] ([[User talk:117.202.165.2|talk]]) 20:07, 15 August 2025 (UTC)).
[[File:DoNotFeedTroll.svg]] <!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">— Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Baseball Bugs|Baseball Bugs]] ([[User talk:Baseball Bugs#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Baseball Bugs|contribs]]) 20:28, 15 August 2025 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
== Role of a clinical project leader ==
So...normally I would respect the close box and the call of a regular colleague make a troll call, but in this case I think it is worth asking: are we sure this is not someone very young and/or from a culture where discussion of reliable facts about reproductive health is taboo or restricted enough that they felt awkward asking these questions without a cover story? what exactly was asked, last time? ''[[User:Snow Rise|<b style="color:#19a0fd;">S</b><b style="color:#66c0fd">n</b><b style="color:#99d5fe;">o</b><b style="color:#b2dffe;">w</b><b style="color:#B27EB2;">Rise</b>]][[User talk:Snow Rise|<sup><b style="color:#d4143a"> let's rap</b></sup>]]'' 09:27, 16 August 2025 (UTC)
What is the role of a clinical project leader in phase 3 clinical trials for a new beta blocking agent?
:The user is a long-standing troll who always gets around to griping about some TV show and some plot line about pregnancy. His geolocate could indicate anywhere in the world, as he is presumably using a VPN tool to accomplish that bit of fakery. ←[[User:Baseball Bugs|Baseball Bugs]] <sup>''[[User talk:Baseball Bugs|What's up, Doc?]]''</sup> [[Special:Contributions/Baseball_Bugs|carrots]]→ 10:28, 16 August 2025 (UTC)
::Ok, thanks for the extra context, Bugs: feel free to manually erase my inquiry and your own post, if you think that is the best approach to [[WP:DENY]] in this instance. ''[[User:Snow Rise|<b style="color:#19a0fd;">S</b><b style="color:#66c0fd">n</b><b style="color:#99d5fe;">o</b><b style="color:#b2dffe;">w</b><b style="color:#B27EB2;">Rise</b>]][[User talk:Snow Rise|<sup><b style="color:#d4143a"> let's rap</b></sup>]]'' 11:10, 16 August 2025 (UTC)
{{collapse bottom}}
= August 17 =
:Hmmm. That sounds like a homework question for a medical or biological science student, in which case all the information you need should be in your textbook. In general, if you do a search for "clinical project leader" and role on Google, you get a whole bunch of [http://www.google.com.au/search?num=50&hl=en&scoring=d&q=%22clinical+project+leader%22+role&btnG=Search&meta= useful links] on the topic of what a clinical project leader does, in general. Our link on [[clinical trial]] explains what the different phases of clinical trials are - phase 3 trials are the last stage of trials before a drug is approved for general use and attempt to be comprehensive analyses of efficacy and safety. --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 23:43, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
== flocking and threshold ==
== How to calibrate the value of an altimeter? ==
[[Boids]] provokes a question:
Hi,
I am a undergraduate student and currently carried out a project related to altimeter.The purpose of this project is to reduce the error of the altitude value due to the changing of the atmosphere pressure within a day.
Since we know the pressure will be varied in a day regardless to the change of the altitude.This has cause the value of altitude given by altimeter become inaccuratue since altitude is calculated by pressure.
The result is that,the altimeter can not give the actual value of the altitude at any ___location for a long duration.I would like to know is it possible to reduce or to calibrate the value of the altitude so that it can become more accurate?
:I just edited your wikicode, because you were messing up the page's layout. I didn't edit anything you said. For future references, please avoid using a space character at the start of a line on Wikipedia, as it activates "monospaced" text, which can make a page very difficult to read (as was the case here). As far as your question goes.. Sorry, can't help you.. :-( [[User:Splintax|'''<font color="#333333">s</font><font color="#666666">p</font><font color="#999999">l</font><font color="#BBBBBB">i</font><font color="#BBBBBB">n</font><font color="#999999">t</font><font color="#666666">a</font><font color="#333333">x</font>''']] <sup>[[User_talk:Splintax|<font color="#333333">(talk)]]</sup> 14:08, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
Each boid adjusts its position and velocity to those of (I guess) its N nearest neighbors; and/or those within a distance R. Does varying N or R make the behavior resemble that of different real bird species? [[User:Tamfang|—Tamfang]] ([[User talk:Tamfang|talk]]) 03:04, 17 August 2025 (UTC)
Sure, with a barometer. The altitude at your ___location does not change, just the air pressure. All you need are some simultaneous barometer and altimeter readings at various air pressures at a constant altitude. Then you can calculate the magnitude of air pressure effect and compensate when you try the altimeter and barometer together at different altitudes. [[User:Alteripse|alteripse]] 15:00, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
:With the AI's assistance, I found this article [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3324025/ Statistical Mechanics for Natural Flocks of Birds] that states, based on field data, "...interactions are ruled by topological rather than metric distance." Boid models must account for these and other factors. [[User:Modocc|Modocc]] ([[User talk:Modocc|talk]]) 19:12, 17 August 2025 (UTC)
:The Wikipedia article [[Altimeter]] describes this effect and how it is dealt with. --[[User:Hydnjo|hydnjo]] [[User talk:Hydnjo|talk]] 16:59, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
:The Introduction section of the paper describing the boid model<sup>[https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/37401.37406]</sup> contains this passage:
== Asexual Animals ==
::"The success and validity of these simulations is difficult to measure objectively. They do seem to agree well with certain criteria and some statistical properties of natural flocks and schools which have been reported by the zoological and behavioral sciences. Perhaps more significantly, many people who view these animated flocks immediately recognize them as a representation of a natural flock, and find them similarly delightful to watch."
:In the Conclusion section, the author writes:
::"The animations showing simulated flocks built from this model seem to correspond to the observer's intuitive notion of what constitutes 'flock-like motion.' However it is difficult to objectively measure how valid these simulations are."
:Furthermore, in the description of the model, we read:
::"The flock model presented here is actually a better model of a school or a herd than a flock [of birds]."
:In particular, it appears that natural birds look further ahead than artificial boids, perceiving the approach of a 'manoeuvre wave' and anticipating its arrival.<sup>[https://www.nature.com/articles/309344a0]</sup> So there is no claim, express or implied, that this is a valid model for flocking behaviour, but merely that it looks convincingly similar. It is not a scientific article about animal behaviour but a technological article about a difficult aspect of [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]].
:While there have been a few studies on the properties of actual biological flocks, these seem to have been with respect, each time, to a single species, reporting the observations in a non-standardized way that makes comparisons of different species almost impossible. How well turning the N and R knobs make the boid-model simulation resemble the natural flocking behaviour of different flocking bird species will depend on the subjective judgement of observers familiar with these specific behaviours. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 09:47, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
Thanks both! [[User:Tamfang|—Tamfang]] ([[User talk:Tamfang|talk]]) 23:43, 21 August 2025 (UTC)
Could you please list at least 3-5 asexual animals please?
= August 19 =
Tasha
== Is the speed of light constant, when measured by a '''remote inertial''' observer, who '''non-locally''' measures a photon traveling a long way in a '''curved''' vacuum? ==
:Check out our article, [[Asexual reproduction]]. — [[User:Asbestos|Asbestos]] | [[User talk:Asbestos|<FONT COLOR=#808080>Talk </FONT>]] [[User:Asbestos/RFC|<FONT COLOR=#808080><small>(RFC)</small></FONT>]] 14:53, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
I'm asking, because our article [[speed of light]] states confusingly: {{tq|'''"In non-inertial frames of reference (gravitationally curved spacetime or accelerated reference frames)'''...the speed of light can differ from c when measured from a remote frame of reference".}} This sentence seems to ignore the situation I'm asking about, when the remote observer's frame of reference is '''inertial''', but the spacetime the light travels through is '''curved'''. [[User:HOTmag|HOTmag]] ([[User talk:HOTmag|talk]]) 08:32, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
::That article, and the links therein, should get you started on your homework. [[User:TenOfAllTrades|TenOfAllTrades]]([[User_talk:TenOfAllTrades|talk]]) 15:05, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
:The length traveled by a photo should be the path length as measured along its curved trajectory, a geodesic of the manifold that is spacetime. I am not sure how you propose the stationary observer is going to measure this. It is in fact not even clear how to ''define'' the path length (in the mathematical model of [[curved spacetime]], a [[Lorentzian manifold]]) with respect to a ''given'', fixed frame of reference. [[Inertial frames of reference]] are useful in special relativity, when objects not acted upon by a force travel in straight lines. Space curvature means that there are no "straight lines", so the inertial model for establishing a reference frame breaks down. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 14:07, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
== Processor management ==
::Let's assume we (as inertial observers) see a photon travel near the sun in a curved trajectory. Do you claim we can't use any tool (e.g. a telescope or whatever) for measuring the length of this photon's curved trajectory? [[User:HOTmag|HOTmag]] ([[User talk:HOTmag|talk]]) 15:59, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
:::We can detect only photons that arrive at our ___location. If a remote photon interacts with something else in such a way as to cause emission of another photon in our direction, we can detect the resulting photon but we're not directly observing the trajectory of the initial one.
:::Saying "what if as remote observers we see a photon travel near the sun" is like saying "what if as fans watching a soccer match from 10 miles away, we get hit by the ball on its way from the players foot to the goal". A remote observer can't observe a photon's trajectory. -- [[User:Avocado|Avocado]] ([[User talk:Avocado|talk]]) 17:49, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
::::So what does the quote (from Wikipedia) in my original post mean, about when c is "measured from a remote frame of reference"? Doesn't the measurement of c made by a remote observer, mean measuring the ratio between, the photon's trajectory measured by that remote observer, and the time it takes the photon to travel this trajectory - when this time is measured by that remote observer? [[User:HOTmag|HOTmag]] ([[User talk:HOTmag|talk]]) 18:29, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
:::::I'm not a physicist nor the person who wrote the article. I would assume that we can know the time of the photon's origin based on whatever caused it to be emitted also having other effects (gravitational waves, other photons, etc) that reach us directly. And that we can measure the time of the photon's arrival at another point based on the effects of its arrival (reflected or re-emitted light, for instance) that reach us directly. And that we can thus measure the time elapsed between departure and arrival and deduce its speed. But we can't observe its trajectory, only infer it. -- [[User:Avocado|Avocado]] ([[User talk:Avocado|talk]]) 20:15, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
::::::Please note that the condition of "local measurement" (as opposed to "non-local" one) is a well known requirement for the speed of light to be constant. I've asked whether the requirement of locallity of measurement is also needed when the observer's frame of referenece is inertial. [[User:HOTmag|HOTmag]] ([[User talk:HOTmag|talk]]) 06:47, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
:You can imagine that you have a torch in your hand and point it towards a remote black hole. The light from the torch will travel in the direction of the event horizons but will never cross it (from the point of view of an external inertial observer). This effectively means that the speed of light becomes zero in the vicinity of the horizon. However the proper speed of light will remain ''c'' of course. [[User:Ruslik0|Ruslik]]_[[User Talk:Ruslik0|<span style="color:red">Zero</span>]] 20:33, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
::When a photon is approaching a black hole, both the distance traveled by the photon, and the time it takes the photon to travel that distance, approach infinity (from the inertial observer's viewpoint), so the "effective" velocity becomes meaningless rather than "zero". [[User:HOTmag|HOTmag]] ([[User talk:HOTmag|talk]]) 06:47, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Sorry, but the distance cannot become infinite because it is a known quantity. Indeed, you can measure the distance to the black hole and its mass and then calculate the distance to the horizon from the observer.
Do Novell NetWare have a processor management? Where can i find the resource?
:::Actually there is no need to use black holes at all. You can put a mirror on the Earth's surface and direct the laser beam at it from a remote ___location in space. Then since you know the distance and can measure the time when the reflected signal comes back you can calculate the speed by dividing the first quantity by the second. The result will be that the (apparent) speed of light is less than ''c''. [[User:Ruslik0|Ruslik]]_[[User Talk:Ruslik0|<span style="color:red">Zero</span>]] 10:39, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
:I am not knowledgeable on how [[Novell]] does things differently from other major [[Operating Systems]], although I am aware that just about anything that can be done with [[Microsoft]] [[Windows]], [[Apple]] [[Macintosh]], [[IBM]] [[AS/400]], [[UNIX]], etc. can also be done with Novell ... have you checked the Novell website? [[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 21:22, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
::::I can see some practical issues with measuring the distance to a black hole. And also some theoretical issues. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 16:53, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
:::::Any black hole is just a mass. You need only to measure the orbital parameters of test particles moving around it. [[User:Ruslik0|Ruslik]]_[[User Talk:Ruslik0|<span style="color:red">Zero</span>]] 17:34, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
::This is far from the first time I have been exposed to these facts, but this concept still breaks my brain a little. I think it's on account of how we utilize the notion of an observer from an outside frame of reference as an abstraction. Obviously, in terms actual empirical observation at this point, the photon is completely red-shifted and has no chance of ever escaping. So it can't ever be directly observed. And yet we regard it as being unable to ever being able to be observed to have crossed the event horizon. Can someone help me with the structural distinction here? Because obviously if we had a photon's trajectory bent around the gravity well of a black hole (or any mass), we could observe it only by directly interacting with it by intercepting it somewhere along its path. So what do we mean when we talk about observation in an instance that is not in any scenario actually physically possible? ''[[User:Snow Rise|<b style="color:#19a0fd;">S</b><b style="color:#66c0fd">n</b><b style="color:#99d5fe;">o</b><b style="color:#b2dffe;">w</b><b style="color:#B27EB2;">Rise</b>]][[User talk:Snow Rise|<sup><b style="color:#d4143a"> let's rap</b></sup>]]'' 06:44, 24 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Just a small remark: '''<span style="color: red">"red-shifted"</span>''' (as you say), only when it tries to ''escape'' a black hole, but here we are talking about a photon ''approaching'' a black hole, so it's '''<span style="color: blue">blue-shifted</span>'''. [[Special:Contributions/2A06:C701:745A:B800:B559:3320:A4F4:C460|2A06:C701:745A:B800:B559:3320:A4F4:C460]] ([[User talk:2A06:C701:745A:B800:B559:3320:A4F4:C460|talk]]) 10:22, 24 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Regardless of their colour (frequency), photons can only be directly observed when they hit the observer. This was already pointed out above by Avocado. They can only be observed, directly or indirectly, when they are detected by some detector, which means in quantum terminology that they are "[[Measurement in quantum mechanics|measure]]d". Measurement of a photon means a change in a macroscopic system (a [[photoreceptor cell]] in the observer's eye, a [[photographic plate]] or [[photographic film|film]], a [[photodetector]], ...) as the result of an interaction with that system. Unless the measuring system is close to where the photon is, the probability of an interaction taking place is vanishingly small. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 12:05, 24 August 2025 (UTC)
::::Do you claim, any measurement (e.g. by a telescope or whatever) of the length of a photon's curved trajectory - whether near the sun - or in any phenomenon of gravitational lensing, is a local measurement? [[User:HOTmag|HOTmag]] ([[User talk:HOTmag|talk]]) 13:11, 24 August 2025 (UTC)
:::::Does [[Principle of locality]] help? {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} [[Special:Contributions/90.210.150.115|90.210.150.115]] ([[User talk:90.210.150.115|talk]]) 18:03, 24 August 2025 (UTC)
::::I think you've mis-interpeted my inquiry here, {{u|Lambiam}}. As it happens, I'm a bit of an expert in visual cognition, and so very familiar with the physics/biophysics of photoreceptive media. That's not the part I am struggling to fix in my mind here. My epistemological confusion about the terminology is this: since a photon trapped at the event horizon never escapes to interact with such a medium, what do we mean when we talk about "observation" when, for example {{u|Ruslik0}} says {{tq|The light from the torch will travel in the direction of the event horizons but will never cross it (from the point of view of an external inertial observer).}}? Is it a conceptual conceit/misnomer for describing the relation of the frames of reference? If so, can you think of a thought experiment that would explain those interactions in such a way that accounts for the fact that, as a strictly empirical and ontological matter, no observation at a distance can be made? Maybe Ruslik0 just mixed their metaphors and terminology a bit? If not, I'm super confused as to what the act of observation means in that description. ''[[User:Snow Rise|<b style="color:#19a0fd;">S</b><b style="color:#66c0fd">n</b><b style="color:#99d5fe;">o</b><b style="color:#b2dffe;">w</b><b style="color:#B27EB2;">Rise</b>]][[User talk:Snow Rise|<sup><b style="color:#d4143a"> let's rap</b></sup>]]'' 22:10, 24 August 2025 (UTC)
:::::You are right, I misunderstood the essence of your post. My reaction was triggered by the statement connecting our inability to observe the photon to its colour, which is I think essentially correct – in the model its wavelength tends to zero as it approaches the event horizon – but irrelevant. Scenario's of a photon traveling to an event horizon can be described that conform to a mathematical model of GR, such as [[Schwarzschild metric|Schwarzschild's exact solution to Einstein's equations]]. Such descriptions need a frame of reference, preferably one that in the limit, away from the mass, is an inertial frame. I too think the wording of these scenario's is sometimes confused. The scenario may include an observer for which this frame is stationary who can observe phenomena as predicted by the model, which in real life would validate the model. But such observation can only be through information that reaches them from afar, such as transmitted by electromagnetic waves. An astronaut approaching the event horizon might broadcast a livestream witness report that reaches the observer, but a photon can do no such thing. The models do not allow an observer to observe the unfolding of the scenario with regard to the traveling photon, so describing the scenario in terms of observations is confused. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 23:58, 24 August 2025 (UTC)
:::::What I actually meant is [[shapiro time delay]], which can be interpreted as slowing of light in presence of a gravitational field. [[User:Ruslik0|Ruslik]]_[[User Talk:Ruslik0|<span style="color:red">Zero</span>]] 20:33, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
== ___domainAugust vs26 kingdom ==
== Pharmacology ==
I am currently taking a Biology course & on our upcoming test we are going to have to answer "Differences between ___domain & kingdom." I am having a hard time with this as kingdom is a division of ___domain, right?
A friend once mentioned a book similar to an Encyclopedia, describing background events behind the development of many well known medicines . Please inform if a similar book can be found and how to "custom search" at any of the sites of WIKI for such a book .
:Does your course have text book, and have you opened it? [[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 21:23, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
Thnx [[User:Dr chifti|Dr chifti]] ([[User talk:Dr chifti|talk]]) 05:05, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
:You might find such a work used as one of the many references for the article [[History of medicine]], athough what you describe would be a [[Tertiary source]] (like Wikipedia itself) rather than a [[Secondary source]] which Wikipedia prefers for article sources.
:Wikipedia's search function can be accessed using the box on the left side of the page. I would suggest searching for ''___domain'' and going from there. [[User:TenOfAllTrades|TenOfAllTrades]]([[User_talk:TenOfAllTrades|talk]]) 21:29, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
:Searching Wikipedia for the term "Encyclopedia of pharmacology" led me to the article ''[[Pharmacology Research & Perspectives]]'' whch uses as its reference 4 ''The Sage Encyclopedia of Pharmacology and Society'' – see that article for its bibilographical details. {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} [[Special:Contributions/90.210.150.115|90.210.150.115]] ([[User talk:90.210.150.115|talk]]) 08:04, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
:Searching Archive.org for [https://archive.org/search?query=history+of+medicines history of medicines] turns up many candidates, including [https://archive.org/details/ourmodernmedicin0000band/page/n7/mode/2up?view=theater Our Modern Medicines] (F Bandelin, 1986) which seems to match your description. <span class="nowrap">[[User:Verbarson|-- Verbarson ]] <sup>[[User talk:Verbarson|talk]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/Verbarson|edits]]</sub></span> 15:04, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
Yes I have opened the book and it explains what a ___domain system is and what the kingdom system is but the way I am understanding it is kingdom is a division of the ___domain system so I guess I don't understand how to discuss the differences. Thanks for your "answer"
* According to [[Kingdom (biology)]], in bilogy, "'''kingdom'''" refers to like all animals, or all plants, or all minerals (I am simplifying) ... go to that article for more specifics. In other words it has to do with how the different "things" in science are organized. [[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 01:20, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
** Here is a "history" [http://www.learner.org/channel/courses/biology/textbook/compev/compev_2.html] of how [[Taxonomy]], a methodology for organizing what we see in nature into different sub-topics, had a human [[evolution]] as science gained more understanding of the differences between "things" in nature at a microscopic and atomic level. [[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 01:44, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
* According to this source [http://idde.syr.edu/NSF-DEEP/biology.html], in biology, "'''___domain'''" applies to a method of problem solving, or scenario analysis. In other words it has to do with how we figure things out in science. [[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 01:26, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
* So by the above definitions, kingdom is not a part of ___domain, and ___domain is not a part of kingdom, rather ___domain is a way of exploring kingdom.
** It would be like saying what is the relationship between an automobile and a highway, is an automobile part of a highway, or is a highway part of an automobile, and the answer is neither, an automobile is a way of traveling on a highway. An auto can also be used for other things, and there are other ways of traveling on a highway without using an automobile. That is an analogy to ___domain and kingdom, as defined at the above links. [[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 01:26, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
* Other links via [http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Biology+___domain&btnG=Search] indicate that sometimes ___domain is used at the microscopic or molecular level. [[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 01:31, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
* Thus, if we study the biology of some animal in the "animal kingdom", we might find some tiny microscopic particles in the brain of some creature, that can be said to be in some kind of ___domain. [[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 01:31, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
** this link [http://www.bioedonline.org/slides/slide01.cfm?tk=1&dpg=6] gives yet another perspective.
*** In the 18th century, biology was split into the animal kingdom and the plant kingdom, but as our scientific understanding grew, it became neccessary to organize that know-how into a larger number of different kingdoms. About 35 years ago, we had got to five kingdoms, but in the last few years, study at the bacterial level has led to a system of organization using 3 domains and 6 kingdoms.
**** The five kingdoms were
***** monerans,
***** protists,
***** fungi,
***** plants,
***** animals.
** So this is yet another way of answering the question.
* The important thing is to correlate what your teacher says and what your textbook says because to pass the class you need to be able to communicate that you learned what they are trying to teach, which could be quite different from what other reference sources are saying.
** The publish DATE of your text book becomes critical, because it might predate the [[evolution]] of [[biology]] science. However, to pass the course, it is more important for you to learn what the teacher wants, than what is the latest evolution of science. [[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 01:39, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
:::That's a very oldfashioned stance that I disagree with very much. It's easier on both the student and the teacher (a nice simple worldview; "what this book says is the truth") but but also a tunnel-view. The truth (which should be taught at schools, right?) is never that simple. So if you give an answer that is sufficiently widely accepted then the teacher should accept it too. Even give you a higher grade because you've gone 'beyond the line of duty' for a student by not just copying form the textbook but actually trying to find an answer yourself. It may not surprise you to know that I had some quarrels with my teachers in my time :) . But, luckily, in the Netherlands that oldfashioned attitude has largely disappeared with a system that is more focused on self-study than listening to a 'talking head' (which I always hated - in one ear, out the other). [[User:DirkvdM|DirkvdM]] 10:26, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== website design ==
:And your question is...? --[[User:Pidgeot|Pidgeot]] <small>[[User_talk:Pidgeot|(t)]] [[Special:Contributions/Pidgeot|(c)]] [[Special:Emailuser/Pidgeot|(e)]]</small> 20:52, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
== The Human Head ==
How large is the largest Human head or cranium ever found, and who did it belong to? -Blaze
:I did some searching. Most of the results I got turned out to be jokes. So, this information is hard to find. You might try the Guiness Book of Records. — [[User:Nowhither|Nowhither]] 22:51, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
== lobsters ==
Hello, please could you tell me why a female lobster is called a hen and a male a cock - strange question but am most curious
many thanks
Rupert
:Rupert: No particular reason. Someone just decided to call them that, and it caught on. The names, by the way, come from bird usage; any female bird is a "hen", and any male bird is a "cock". Similar phenomena are found with rabbits, which are named using terminology derived from that used for deer (doe/buck). Also moose, despite being deer, are named using terminology derived from that used for cattle (cow/bull). — [[User:Nowhither|Nowhither]] 00:11, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
== pdf ==
:We have an article on the [[Portable Document Format]]. [[User:Garrett Albright|Garrett Albright]] 03:32, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
== Embedded systems ==
What does an embedded system reside on?
* It resides on many places.
** Consider a thermostat to control the temperature of a building, or to trigger whether the air conditioner is to kick on or not because the temperature has got to be too hot where the theromostat is located.
*** Suppose a thermostat is connected to a computer system, so that the computer will do something automatically, such as tracking the usage of electricity.
** Consider a vending machine. There are electronics in there that tell if the vending machine is running low and needs to be replenished.
*** The vending machine can be connected to the Internet, and the vending machine company can connect to see which machines need more stuff put in (and the coins for the old stuff taken out). Hackers can spoof the info there, so the vending machine company not know there has been a break in.
* Basically, an embedded system is any electronics that was designed for some simple function, like controlling a pipe line, or heating cooling a building, operating an elevator. The act of connecting that simple system to a computer system, is said to be embedding it into the network. Since these systems, before embedding, were designed pretty much as stand-a-lone, they did not come with much in the way of [[security]] thinking. But computer networks are hotbeds of malware, hackers, insider crime and so forth (see [[computer insecurity]] for more examples), so the act of embedding them, has created a [[computer security]] nightmare. [[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 01:54, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
** Not true. See [[embedded system]] for the real meaning of "embedded" in this context. [[User talk:Gdr|Gdr]] 18:22, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
== what is a non-sustainable development ==
:Non-sustainable development is development which consumes more resources than can be regenerated. Think of it this way; imagine there's a town next to a forest. Whenever the people in the town wants to build a new house, they go into the forest, chop down a few trees, and use that wood to build a house. However, if the citizens of the town are chopping down trees faster than the trees can grow, eventually they will chop down all the trees, and therefore not be able to build any more houses. This is non-sustainable development. If, on the other hand, the citizens limit the number of trees they cut down so that the forest can regenerate itself and/or plant new trees to help the forest grow, they will never completely run out of trees, so they are practicing sustainable development. Check out our article on [[sustainable development]] for more. [[User:Garrett Albright|Garrett Albright]] 03:38, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
== How to make the value of sinus function become a straight line? ==
I recently doing an experiment at school and the result that I got was like a sinus function.But the problem is that the result should be in a constant regardless to the change of the time.Can you tell me is there any mathematical way to make or calibrate the value of sinus function to become a linear function?
Yes. y=0 sin(x) is a straight line through the origin. y=0 sin(x)+b is a straight line through b. Both of these can be considered degenerate sine functions.
:I think you mean a [[sine]] function, not a [[sinus]] function. Graphed on a normal [[cartesian coordinate system]], a sine function can never be a straight line, AFAIK. [[User:Garrett Albright|Garrett Albright]] 03:38, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
:::Don't be such an anglophile. Many languages call the sine function sinus. See, eg [[:da:Sinus (matematik)]]. -[[User:Lethe|Lethe]] | [[User talk:Lethe|Talk]] 09:10, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
::::That's well and good, but what language are we using right now again? Remind me… :P [[User:Garrett Albright|Garrett Albright]] 10:06, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
:: Well, [[sine]] ''does'' say 'Our modern word sine comes, via sinus ("bay" or "fold") in Latin'. Regardless, it's a bit hard to say anything either way because we don't know the problem. However, sin ''x'' is approximately ''x'' for small ''x'', which may or may not be helpful. [[User:Dysprosia|Dysprosia]] 07:27, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
:::Where ''x'' is measured in [[radian]]s [[User:Theresa knott|Theresa Knott]] [[User talk:Theresa knott| (a tenth stroke)]] 07:32, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
::::And [[sinus]] says, "Sinus is a Latin name for the trigonometric function sine, a concept of mathematics." And, by the way, Theresa, in mathematical usage, x is generally a number, not an angle. Thus it has no units. And sin x is equal to the sine of an angle with measure x radians. — [[User:Nowhither|Nowhither]] 00:05, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
If you give details of the experiment you did we may be able to help. Also, provided you did the experiment correctly, the results you got are the "truth". Rather than trying to fudge the answer to make it a straight line you may be better off doing a little more experimenting. For example look at the frequency o thr sine wave. If it's close to 50 herts (in the UK, I don't know about other countries) then I'd suspect [[mains power|mains]] hum. [[User:Theresa knott|Theresa Knott]] [[User talk:Theresa knott| (a tenth stroke)]] 07:41, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
:50 [[Hertz]] is standard accross Europe, the US uses 25 Hz, Southern Japan 60 Hz. The frequency is a constant with respect to time: maybe this is what you are looking for? [[User:Physchim62|Physchim62]] 12:06, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
::The US is on 60Hz, FYI. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 16:38, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
:Additionally, a sine function may render as a straight line in non-cartesian systems. Perhaps a polar plot or the frequency ___domain? I haven't really played with this stuff in a while, so I don't remember. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 16:38, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
::In polar coordinates the sine and cosine functions graph as circles. However, their reciprocals, the cosecant and secant functions, graph as straight lines. I'm not sure what it would mean to graph the sine function "in the frequency ___domain". — [[User:Nowhither|Nowhither]] 17:21, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
:::See [[fourier transform]]. [[User:Lunkwill|Lunkwill]] 09:52, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
:::: Well ... yes and no. Yes, that is what the "frequency ___domain" is all about, but no, that page doesn't make sense of the phrase "graph of the sine function in the frequency ___domain". — [[User:Nowhither|Nowhither]] 00:56, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== wireless network ==
wireless router
:Check out [[#Wireless router??]] above. [[User:Garrett Albright|Garrett Albright]] 03:43, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
== Biology ==
what kind of organic compound involved in fat formation contains carbonxyl groups?
Fat molecules are made from [[glycerol]] and 3 [[fatty acid]] molecules. Fatty acids are basically [[carboxylic acid]]s with long carbon chains. It is the fatty acids that contain the carboxyl group.--[[User:82.44.216.80|82.44.216.80]] 10:24, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
== Prokaryote Organism ==
Hello Sir,
Could you please tell me how the prokaryotic organism, lets say E. Coli develop? I do not enough information on this organism developmant. Thanks.
I think when such a cell is large enough and the environment is favorable, the DNA doubles and it just divides. We don't usually use the word ''development'' in this context, but maybe I am misunderstanding your question. [[User:Alteripse|alteripse]] 12:52, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
*Small organism like [[Escherichia coli]] just divide. The article has a nice image detailing its [[life cycle]]. - [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm]]|[[User talk:MacGyverMagic|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 20:08, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
== application of computers for design. ==
p/s assist me find a page that dealth on the above subject extensively.its applicaion in geometri modelling, engineerig anlysis, design review and evaluation and automated drafting should be inclusive.
thanks.
:You might do a search for [[Auto CAD]] which is the most popular system in the USA for on-line engineering design (mainly because it is the cheapest). [[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 21:01, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
::And you might as well start with [[AutoCAD]], the proper name for the article. ;) --[[User:Pidgeot|Pidgeot]] <small>[[User_talk:Pidgeot|(t)]] [[Special:Contributions/Pidgeot|(c)]] [[Special:Emailuser/Pidgeot|(e)]]</small> 21:18, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
== Radiolarians ==
Do [[radiolarian]]s use [[silicic acid]] in constructing their [[exoskeleton]]s, as do [[diatom]]s? {{User:Eequor/Signature/Syllabic}} 08:48, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
*Yes, according to our article! Except for [[Acantharea]], which produce exoskeletons based on [[strontium sulfate]]. [[User:Physchim62|Physchim62]] 11:58, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
== food equivalency name for graham crackers in australia ==
HI
graham crackers? Are they equivalent to our SAO or more like our GRANITA? Also what is cool whip?
: I dunno about [[graham cracker]]s, but [[Cool Whip]] at least is a [[sugar]]y [[marshmallow]]-like [[spread (food)|spread]] somewhat like [[whipped cream]]. I believe it's mainly a [[foam]]ed [[emulsion]] of [[vegetable oil]] and sugar water. {{User:Eequor/Signature/Syllabic}} 16:13, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
:: Graham crackers are moderately sweet, and made from whole wheat flour ("Graham flour", from a health-food fad about 100 years ago). They are about 4mm thick, light brown in color, rectangular; they tend to be made in semi-perforated sheets, so you break off a certain amount at a time to eat it. They fall somewhere between what we in the U.S. would call a "cracker" and a "cookie" or what I believe the Brits would call a "biscuit" and a "sweet biscuit". I have no idea of the Australian terminology. Major American comfort food, especially if dissolved in milk. They are also often crumbled to make a pie crust. -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 03:46, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
:::This is probably irrelevant to the original question, but according to our article, [[Graham flour]] is actually somewhat different from typical whole wheat flour. To make Graham flour, the [[bran]], [[cereal germ|germ]], and [[endosperm]] are ground separately, the endosperm ground finely and the other parts ground coarsely, and then the parts mixed back together. Also, I'm sure you didn't mean to imply that the consumption of [[whole grain]]s was limited to a fad. — [[User:Pekinensis|Pekinensis]] 13:31, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
== thermal power plant ==
flow diagram of thermal power plant
:Could you be looking for [[:Image:Thermal_reactor_diagram.png|this]]? (See [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Image:Thermal_reactor_diagram.png|what links there]].) You may wish to clarify your question so that we can help you better. [[User:Splintax|'''<font color="#333333">s</font><font color="#666666">p</font><font color="#999999">l</font><font color="#BBBBBB">i</font><font color="#BBBBBB">n</font><font color="#999999">t</font><font color="#666666">a</font><font color="#333333">x</font>''']] <sup>[[User_talk:Splintax|<font color="#333333">(talk)]]</sup> 16:17, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
== Who first proposed / discovered that the sun is a star? ==
That's it - didn't find the answer in [[sun]]. Just curious
--[[User:Jose Icaza|joseI]] 16:07, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
*It was probably more a question of the realisation that the stars are like the Sun. The view of the Sun didn't have to change. [[User:Notinasnaid|Notinasnaid]] 16:42, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
:: This idea was poorly accepted in the [[16th century]], when [[Dominican order]] [[monk]] [[Giordano Bruno]] put forth the claim that "Innumerable suns exist; innumerable earths revolve around these suns.... Living beings inhabit these worlds." Because of this and various other ideas, he was [[imprisoned]], [[tortured]], and finally [[burned at the stake]] on [[February 17]], [[1600]] by the [[Roman Inquisition]]. [http://www.sylviaengdahl.com/space/suns1.htm] [http://www.paranoiamagazine.com/giordanobruno.html] {{User:Eequor/Signature/Syllabic}} 17:01, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
::: Well, it wasn't really his cosmological speculations that got him in trouble. More likely, it was association with Bruno that got cosmological speculation such a bad reputation with the Church! Bruno was a believer in the Hermetic doctrines, and quite possibly wished to revive the Roman gods. He was definitely ''not'' a Christian believer, and while his books attempted to veil in layers of mystery and metaphor exactly what he did believe, the Inquisition was not amused. He recanted, then he unrecanted; I blieve all of this is in our article on him. Note, also, that Bruno didn't so much say that the Sun was a star as that the stars were suns. -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 03:53, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
::::Which is an interesting distinction. In saying the sun is a star, you devalue it (it goes from the unique to the common), but in saying that stars are suns, you somewhat overvalue them (not all stars are actually suns, in the notion that they have planets near them, much less have the other nice properties we often associate with our nice medium sized sun). --[[User:Fastfission|Fastfission]] 01:31, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
::::: Keep in mind, though, that by the Church's view, the fixed, unchanging stars were the nearest to the perfection of [[Heaven]] that could be seen. To this view, the statement that stars are simply ordinary matter — comparable to the matter of Earth, closest to [[Hell]] — ''greatly'' devalues the stars and may be seen to threaten the purity of Heaven. {{User:Eequor/Signature/Syllabic}} 02:54, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
== vapours from ice ==
why does vapours come out from the surface of ice?
What you see are condensations of water from the air due to the cooling effect of the ice. [[User:Alteripse|alteripse]] 16:31, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
== In life science, what is a base? ==
:See [[base]]. I think you want the ninth(?) definition (''In chemistry...'') <sub>(number corrected [[User:Superm401|Superm401]] | [[User_talk:Superm401|Talk]] 20:55, 23 September 2005 (UTC))</sub>[[User:TenOfAllTrades|TenOfAllTrades]]([[User_talk:TenOfAllTrades|talk]]) 18:39, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
:In life science, which is very cosy with chemistry, you might also be interested in the tenth <sub>(number corrected [[User:Superm401|Superm401]] | [[User_talk:Superm401|Talk]] 20:55, 23 September 2005 (UTC))</sub> definition of [[base]] (''As in DNA Base Pairs).--[[User:Inkypaws|inks]] 23:21, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
== Ultraviolet light ==
Does ultrviolet light have a heat index. Could it increase the heat of a pond, stream, river, or ocean? --anon
:Any energy in the [[electromagnetic spectrum]] can be converted into heat, so yes. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 02:09, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
== in mechanical drawing what is the order of precedence? ==
== More fun with PC 800 RAM! ==
Hey, true believers - so, I bought some used RAM for an old Gateway 700S desktop I have. Figure I can get a little life out of the new system this way. Only problem is, I seem to have purchased PC 800-[b]45[/b] RAM. My computer only seems interested in taking PC 800-[b]40[/b] RDRAM. Is there any way to force my computer to accept the new RAM in a way that does not compromise its functionality? Thanks. --[[User:Brasswatchman|Brasswatchman]] 02:36, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
== Of all things, why should deletion and moving of files slow my computer? ==
I'm asking out of curiosity rather than dire need, since it's rarely an issue. Here's the thing:
My computer's fairly old by most people's standards, 200mb RAM, 133mhz, still running Win98. However, it serves me well, rarely giving me any problems, I can do pretty much everything I ''need'' to do with it and plenty of stuff I needn't: it gets lots of use and rarely complains.
What puzzles me is that occasionally I manually go through all the folders and files just to chuck out clutter and sometimes I've been very lazy about where I put my creations, so I do some tidying of files etc.
After a while of deleting and moving files my system slows to a crawl beyond anything that seemingly more intensive tasks (listening to audio files, streamed radio, playing a game with some graphical content, looking at flash animations etc) does.
It slows down horribly (moving one file from one folder to another can take 20 seconds, opening another folder in explore view takes 30 seconds). Why should that be? It's all solved with a reboot, as you may guess. --[[User:Bodnotbod|bodnotbod]] 02:43, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
:How often do you compress your disk space, that is to say run the utility to clean up the spaces on disk space between chunks of data? I also have Win 98 and I use [[Norton Utilities]] Speed Disk for this purpose. It is possible that if your disk space is severely fragmented, such that the sizes of the spaces are not big enough for the files you want to move, or if it has to search through a lot of spaces to find what is needed for the move, that would explain part of the problem.
:I also find it neccessary to reboot my PC when it starts to go sluggish ... in my case it goes sluggish after
* I spend a modicum of time on the Internet, like here at Wiki;
* Do some heavy duty keying in e-mail or other word processing;
* Do some real work telecommuting to the office;
* Play some old fashioned DOS games.
: I suspect that some activities are not doing a good job of returning memory and other rsources when finished, meaning the resources not being used effectively on the next task that I wish to run.
[[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 04:38, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
:*Ah, yes, I shall definitely defrag my drive later. I tend to do that very rarely. Although, perhaps because I tend not to download very much or install new software I can leave it for quite a long time and still get "your disk is only x% (where x is a small integer) fragmented and doesn't require...". I don't tend to have trouble with the other things you mention, in particular using the net and sending emails which I spend the bulk of the time using this for. Anybody else have something to add? --[[User:Bodnotbod|bodnotbod]] 17:29, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
:::Yes, close any apps that you're not wanting to use real soon and empty your browser's cache. --[[User:Hydnjo|hydnjo]] [[User talk:Hydnjo|talk]] 19:24, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
::::I close the apps when I'm doing one of the cleaning sessions. Not sure I want to delete my browser cache: it comes in handy. --[[User:Bodnotbod|bodnotbod]] 02:12, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
== what is the discipline of logic ==
You might want to start at [[logic]]. -- [[user:Rick Block|Rick Block]] <small>([[user talk:Rick Block|talk]])</small> 03:06, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
== According to Galen, the venous and arterial systems were separate. This was the prevalent view in medicine until: ==
[[William Harvey]] -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 03:55, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
:[[Galen]] also has the answer, though I suspect your textbook would as well. [[User:Garrett Albright|Garrett Albright]] 03:59, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
But see also [[Ibn Nafis]], who described the circulation of the blood in 1242 (though his work was forgotten and did not influence the prevalent view). [[User talk:Gdr|Gdr]] 10:35, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
== refrigerator humidity drawers ==
My fridge has two humidity drawers; one labeled high humidity, and one labeled low humidity. I'm just learning the ways of fridges, and I have some vegetables that are starting to wilt. Can you tell me what the two drawers are for, and which one my broccoli is supposed to go in? -[[User:Lethe|Lethe]] | [[User talk:Lethe|Talk]] 05:10, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
:From a layman standpoint, I'd go with ''things that stay moist'' and ''things that don't''. Since fresh broccoli is usually under a mister at a grocery store, I'd assume it's high-humidity and put it there. As for low... apples maybe? I'm not sure. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 05:15, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
*High humidity: leafy vegetables. Medium humidity: apples, grapes, other thin-skinned fruits. Low humidity: Citrus fruit. Keep the broccoli in an open bag (or a perforated plastic bag) in the crisper (the other name for the high humidity bin.) --[[User:Jpgordon|jpgordon]][[User talk:Jpgordon|∇∆∇∆]] 05:23, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
*On a related note, am I right to assume that the drawer next to my crisper, marked for meat, is simply a low humidity drawer? — [[Laura Scudder]] | [[User talk:Laurascudder|Talk]] 05:41, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
::So the high humidiy drawer is for vegetables, and the low humidity drawer is for meat? sounds good to me. -[[User:Lethe|Lethe]] | [[User talk:Lethe|Talk]] 05:44, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
:::On some brands/models some cold air (from the freezer) is piped into the meat and low humidity bins. This has the additional effect of lowering the temperature by 2 or 3ºF. --[[User:Hydnjo|hydnjo]] [[User talk:Hydnjo|talk]] 19:15, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
== aeroplane ==
what are the parts of an aeroplane and what are their funtion???
:Uh...how much detail do you need? (Don't forget the wings, and does the pilot count as part of an aeroplane?)--[[User:Inkypaws|inks]] 09:44, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
:You probably want to check out [[control surfaces]] and [[:Category:Aircraft controls]]. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 13:09, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
:Also [[Flight controls]]. [[User:DJ Clayworth|DJ Clayworth]] 14:02, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
== How does asparagus grow? ==
:Arr, sparrow-grass grows much like reg'lar grass, [[International Talk Like a Pirate Day|matey]]. I suggest ye be readin' our article at [[asparagus]] for more. [[User:Garrett Albright|Garrett Albright]] 12:13, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
== What is formed from ammonia and the breakdown of simple sugars ==
Is this a ''homework question''? (If so, please see the notes at the top of this page). [[User:Notinasnaid|Notinasnaid]] 10:42, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
== urinary system ==
(no question)
*What would you like you like to know about the [[urinary system]] ? [[User:Notinasnaid|Notinasnaid]] 11:06, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
*You're not just taking the...sorry. [[User:DJ Clayworth|DJ Clayworth]] 13:59, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
**It's when you're boredly reading something and you come across these little gems of beautiful humour that you realise why you do this. Thanks. [[User:Robchurch|Rob Church]] <sup>''[[User_talk:Robchurch|Talk]]'' | ''[[User:Robchurch/Desk|Desk]]''</sup> 00:05, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== Gigabyte ==
Hi, I was just wondering... How many characters (text-wise) could fit into a gigabyte? [[User:Cirrial|Cirrial]] 11:34, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
*Like most questions, the answer is "it depends"...
For someone from the western world, they are used to working with characters that occupy exactly one byte. "An egg" would use six bytes. Note that spaces and new lines are all characters (a new line is often two characters). In this case, a gigabyte would hold exactly as many characters as bytes in a gigabyte. But how big is a gigabyte? Either two to the power 30 or ten to the power 9, respectively 1073741824 or 1000000000. If we say "about a thousand million" we won't be far wrong.
So, for many people in the western world, about a thousand million characters.
But what about people outside the western world? In Japan, they often use a system where a character fits in two bytes. So in this system, the Japanese could get about 500 million characters.
Many people, all over the world, use a system called Unicode. There is more than one kind of Unicode. If they use a kind called UCS-2, every character is 2 bytes. That means that if you use UCS-2, you get about 500 million characters, no matter what language is used.
Another kind of Unicode is called UTF-8. In this, non-accented English letters use one byte, european accents use two bytes, and Japanese uses three bytes. So it really depends now, somewhere between 300 million and 1000 million characters.
This all assumes a file contains nothing but text. In Windows terms, a TXT file. Other types of file may have ''overheads'' so there are less characters than you would get in TXT, or ''compression'', so there are more characters. DOC files have overhead, so it is less characters (of the actual text). PDF files have overhead ''and'' compression and may well get more characters than a TXT in some cases (not others).
Clear now? [[User:Notinasnaid|Notinasnaid]] 11:46, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
*See [[Gibibyte]], [[Gigabyte]], and [[UTF-8]]. [[User:Bovlb|Bovlb]] 14:46, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
== Is light matter? ==
:Why don't you check out [[light]] and [[matter]]. — [[Laura Scudder]] | [[User talk:Laurascudder|Talk]] 15:52, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
:No, it is not. Light is made up of [[photon]]s, which are ''[[mass|massless]]''. Besides, photons are ''[[boson]]s'', not [[fermion]]s out of which matter is made. —[[User:AugPi|AugPi]] 05:58, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
::Minor nitpick—while the protons, neutrons, and electrons of which matter is made (mostly) are fermions when examined individually, in some composite particles they become bosons. [[Helium]]-4 atoms, for instance, are bosons. [[User:TenOfAllTrades|TenOfAllTrades]]([[User_talk:TenOfAllTrades|talk]]) 07:06, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
:Many hands make light work. --[[User:Sum0|Sum0]] 20:38, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== un authorized access to computers ==
ho ppl ive got an assignment to make for university..and i really need some help.
the topic is "Discuss and describe how we can stop unauthorized access to our computers?"
please send me as much research on this topic as possible.. thx.bye
:Arr, who you be callin' a "ho ppl?" You be walkin' the plank in a moment, but first I be suggestin' you check out our articles on [[computer security]] and [[computer insecurity]]. Arr. [[User:Garrett Albright|Garrett Albright]] 16:31, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
::Ahoy! In case any of ye landlubbers be wondering, today (September 19) is ITLAPD: [[International Talk Like a Pirate Day]]. Arr. [[User:TenOfAllTrades|TenOfAllTrades]]([[User_talk:TenOfAllTrades|talk]]) 16:56, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
:::Aw come on, it's like fight club. You're not supposed to tell them it's fight club! :) - [[User:Taxman|Taxman]] <sup><small>[[User talk:Taxman|Talk]]</sup></small> 18:54, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
:You can start with articles
* [[computer security]] talks about how to design computer systems so that they are secure.
* [[computer insecurity]] talks about the reality that most people, companies, governments, being in a world in which there are cheap insecure computers, and expensive secure computers, buty the cheap ones, then spend enormous time and expense to deal with the insecurity problems.
* I started on [[computer security audit]] and when time permits (I been extremely busy of late), clean it up some more so it conforms to Wiki style. This talks about a type of checking that can be used to dramatically reduce the cost and time and effort needed to make insecure systems more secure, and identify what areas of education its owners and managers need in the area of improving [[security]].
[[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 18:02, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
== DNA computing magazines ==
What are the most distinguished scientific magazines for [[DNA computing]]? Can you point me to any good review-articles? -[[User:EnSamulili|EnSamulili]] 16:16, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
: Academic magazines usually don't come along until a research area has been around awhile. Research will start in related conferences, then get its own. You might start [http://mebc.elte.hu/ here] and then start looking up author names on scholar.google.com and following bibliographic references. [[User:Lunkwill|Lunkwill]] 09:41, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== How do I get rich ==
Hey how do I become really rich and also maybe famous. Cheers.
-JoeMoe
:You could become rich by winning a [[lottery]] a time or two. Once rich, proceed to behave eccentrically and fame (or at least undue media attention, which is almost as good) will shortly follow. Alternately, rob a bank. ''Infamous'' is the same as ''maybe famous'', right? — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 18:47, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
:Ayy, shiver me timbers, edit conflict. If you check the archives, matey, this question has been answered before. But basically getting rich requires either producing the value yourself or stealing it. The first way involves producing a good or service that other people are willing to pay more for than it costs you to produce. That may be making a widget or hitting a golf ball really well. Stealing could be direct, or embezzling. Ask the [[Tyco]] guys and others how that went for them. As to getting famous, simply do something or be something that people want to talk about and think about. That may be personality, acting, doing really dumb or really smart things, or being really wealthy. - [[User:Taxman|Taxman]] <sup><small>[[User talk:Taxman|Talk]]</sup></small> 18:51, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
::Also, on no account consider sending money to anyone advertising who claims they will make you rich. You may, however, consider placing such an ad yourself, though this road to riches is paved with criminal convictions. But also consider ''"There is a tide in the affairs of men / Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune." - [[William Shakespeare]]''. I've always been drawn to that quote, I think it sums up very well the money made by a) being at the cutting edge and b) fads. So it accounts for the fortunes of the dot-com boom and Furbies alike. --[[User:Bodnotbod|bodnotbod]] 02:08, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
:::A rhetorical answer to a rhetorical question: by some standards you already are ''rich''. '''You''' have a computer or access to one, '''you''' have the time on your hands to ask this question, '''you''' probably have more ''stuff'' than '''you''' need, '''you''' probably don't want to earn your own stripes, and '''you''' most likely, don't want to hear any of this. Oh well and too bad, '''you''' asked. --[[User:Hydnjo|hydnjo]] [[User talk:Hydnjo|talk]] 02:24, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
:Becoming famous is easy. Get a Wikipedia account. Make lots of useful edits, write some needed articles, and get them up to featured article standard. Voila, you're famous. Fortune is sure to follow.-[[User:Gadfium|gadfium]] 05:07, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
:Barring theft and luck, the best way to make money is to already have it. The next necessity is brains to make it multiply. Alas I cannot provide them for you :) . As for the initial money, you might try a bank, but you won't be the first one not to succeed there. The faster you want to get rich, the more spectacular your idea will have to be and the less likely it will be you get money for it. Sorry. [[User:DirkvdM|DirkvdM]] 11:40, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== auto alternators ==
just read your article on alternators - i have an older car with an alternator without a built in regulator - the car presently has a voltage meter which i would like to remove by adding a diode to the system - the diode would connect to the alternator and to the warning light in the car - need a diode that could be wired to the ignition such that the light would be lit when the car ignition is on but would turn off when the alternator was producing at least 13 volts - is this part available - if so could you refer me to the source - thanks in advance for the help - love your site
:I don't think a simple [[diode]] is quite what you're after, though I haven't found quite what you're looking for. I know something along the right lines exists, however; most modern vehicles are fitted with a light that goes on when the alternator's not producing anything and the battery is being drained. Maybe you'll have to visit an auto electrical supply shop.
:Though I'm a little confused as to why you'd like to remove the volt meter. Is it spoiling the appearance of your car? --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 04:40, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
:There's a reason they call them idiot lights - gauges are much more useful in warning you of a problem. Anyways, if you REALLY want to do this, you probably need a [[zener diode]]. - [[User:Bloodshedder|Bloodshedder]] 02:54, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== global ecosystem ==
The global ecosystem is also known as the Earth's <u>(this is where the answer goes)</u>?
:See [[Ecosystem]]. --[[User:Hydnjo|hydnjo]] [[User talk:Hydnjo|talk]] 01:14, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
== Different link styles on one webpage ==
How can I put different link styles on one page? I want the links in a menu sidebar to be block and not-underlined; text links in the text to be inline and underlined; and image links in the text to be inline without a border (like the speaker we use for audio samples on Wikipedia). Bonus question: how can I get the audio samples to play without loading Quicktime in a new page? I want the reader to be able to continue reading the article while the sample downloads and plays. Thanks in advance, [[User:Markalexander100|Mark]][[User talk:Markalexander100|<sup>1</sup>]] 02:12, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
*To change particular links, you need to meddle with [[User:Markalexander100/monobook.js]]. I don't know which id the side menu has, but I'm pretty sure you can change those links seperately from the rest. For the other question: simply install foobar and set it to play .ogg files by default. Tada no more new Quicktime window. If you're using [[Mozilla Firefox]], there's an extension that let's you incorporate certain media players into your browser without opening additional windows. - [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm]]|[[User talk:MacGyverMagic|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 08:27, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
Sorry, I was unclear. The link formats I want are for a website which I'm producing, not for Wikipedia. And I want readers of the site to be able to play the samples without opening a new page, (ideally) whatever browser they're using. Thanks, though. ;) [[User:Markalexander100|Mark]][[User talk:Markalexander100|<sup>1</sup>]] 08:52, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
:You want to use [[Cascading Style Sheets]], segregating your styles by general ___location on the page. You should define common styles (like text color) without prefix, and then prefix contextual links with their containing element (a <div> works well). Also note that the image links will have most of their styles on the image, not the link. Here's a quick sample:
a { color: #00F; }
#sidebar a { text-decoration: none; display:block; }
#maintext a { /* nothing past default needs definition */ }
a img { display:inline; border-width:0; vertical-align: middle; }
:Also, [http://www.w3schools.com W3Schools] is a pretty good reference site for CSS. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 13:08, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
Thanks a lot- I'll give that a go. [[User:Markalexander100|Mark]][[User talk:Markalexander100|<sup>1</sup>]] 01:43, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== chalk blocks ==
How is chalk made into blocks from powder form. nellie
*Did you mean blackboard chalk? Well, if you did, blackboard chalk is genrally not [[chalk]] ([[limestone]]) but [[gypsum]]. Our [[gypsum]] article says that gypsum has an "unusual property: when mixed with water at normal (ambient) temperatures, it quickly reverts chemically to the preferred dihydrate form, while physically "setting" to form a rigid and relatively strong gypsum crystal lattice". I think this basically means that if you you wet powdered gypsum, mould it and let it dry, it keeps the new shape: blackboard chalk. If you are more specific we can help you further. --[[User:Commander Keane|Commander Keane]] 07:09, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
== Paper vs. Trees ==
How many pieces of 8 1/2 x 11 or A4 paper would you need to conserve to save a single tree?
:And how many angels can dance on the head of a pin and how many roads must a man walk down ... --[[User:Hydnjo|hydnjo]] [[User talk:Hydnjo|talk]] 03:56, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
: [[Industry]] produces [[paper]] in vast, bulk quantities, driven by [[market]] forces. You would need to interrupt [[supply and demand]] in some way. {{User:Eequor/Signature/Syllabic}} 04:27, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
*I think it's vaguely possible -- don't quote me on this, though -- that the questioner may indeed have been wondering how many sheets of paper you get from a single tree. --[[User:Jpgordon|jpgordon]][[User talk:Jpgordon|∇∆∇∆]] 05:19, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
:You could make a rough estimate by weighing a ream of paper and dividing it by 1000 ( I thnik there are a thousand sheets ina ream). Then you could compare this mass with the mass of a typical felled tree (Which I don't know but someone else might) [[User:Theresa knott|Theresa Knott]] [[User talk:Theresa knott| (a tenth stroke)]] 05:22, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
::I suspect a major flaw here. Paper is largely dry and wood probably contains more than 90% water, so you might have to multiply the result by ten or something (ie you would need ten times as many trees). [[User:DirkvdM|DirkvdM]] 11:45, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
:There's a start [http://www.wipapercouncil.org/fun3.htm here], though these seem to be paper industry stats. - [[User:Nunh-huh|Nunh-huh]] 06:44, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
:*There is a misconception here. Paper companies plant trees to make paper from, based on consumer demand. If people start buying less paper, they plant fewer trees. Using less paper does not "save" trees.<p>On the other hand, as noted by [[User:Jpgordon|jpgordon]], we can still ask how many sheets of paper can be made from one tree. Based on the link provided by [[User:Nunh-huh|Nunh-huh]], we can get 89,870 "sheets of letterhead bond paper" from a cord of wood, and 10 – 15 cords from an acre of forest. Thus: 898,700 – 1,348,050 sheets from an acre. Now all we have to do is figure out how many trees are typically in an acre. Random Google searches produce numbers like 25, 50, or 100. So let's say 25 – 100 trees per acre. Dividing, we get 8,987 – 53,922 sheets per tree. In summary, it varies, but 10,000 – 50,000 is probably a decent estimate.<p>— [[User:Nowhither|Nowhither]] 18:01, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
::*Without wishing to turn this into a brawl over logging practices, that's rather an oversimplification. Some paper companies clearfell [[old growth]] native forest which is then turned into paper. Sure, they replant the trees afterward, but the forest does not recover its biodiversity for many years afterwards, if ever. See [[Gunns Limited]], for instance. --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]]
::** Yes, that's true. The replanted trees are not there to make a forest; they are there to turn into paper. Tree farms, like most farms, are monocultures. But then it gets really tricky. ''Why'' do we want to "save trees"? If global warming is your concern, well, a tree farm is probably a fine way to sequester carbon. And with someone watching carefully to prevent it from burning, I suppose it is probably better for carbon sequestering than a natural forest. In any case, higher demand for paper is definitely going to increase the total tree biomass in the world. So if you want to prevent the Antarctic ice sheets from melting, then buy lots of paper. On the other hand, if biodiversity is your goal, then buy less paper. What if you like both? That's really hard. — [[User:Nowhither|Nowhither]] 23:24, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
::: Don't forget production and disposal costs of the paper. All of that burns hydrocarbons. [[User:Lunkwill|Lunkwill]] 09:33, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
::: Also, people seem to be missing the fact that not all logging companies replant at all. Some just move on. [[User:Superm401|Superm401]] | [[User_talk:Superm401|Talk]] 21:19, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
I recall seeing a poster at my school claiming that conserving 118 pounds of paper is equal to saving one tree. Sorry, but I havn't got a source or anything to back me up.
: Well, I'm afraid that poster was quite wrong (not that one shouldn't conserve paper). — [[User:Nowhither|Nowhither]] 00:58, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== phosphatidylserine for brain function ==
*And your question is? - [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm]]|[[User talk:MacGyverMagic|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 08:29, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
== How does Kate's tool work ==
Could you give me a general explanation on how something like [http://kohl.wikimedia.org/~kate/cgi-bin/count_edits Kate's tool] works. I'd ask [[User:Kate]] but they are probably rather busy. The only language I know is [[MATLAB]], so a qualitative response would be appreciated. --[[User:Commander Keane|Commander Keane]] 07:35, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
:I presume it queries the database (no idea if directly or indirectly via something like [[Special:Contributions]]) and parses a list of edited pages for known prefixes like ''Wikipedia:'' or ''User talk:''. Any entry without such a prefix is in regular article space and is counted as such.
:All that said, there shouldn't be any problem dropping Kate a quick note asking for a simple (and ''correct'') answer. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 13:18, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
::You're not all that wrong. It will most likely issue a couple of SQL statements to the MySQL server, using the database specified in the drop-down box. The queries are likely similar to these:
User ID: SELECT user_id FROM user WHERE user_name='(your user name)';
::I'll refer to this value as UID from here...
Total edits: SELECT COUNT(cur_id) FROM cur WHERE cur_user=UID;
SELECT COUNT(old_id) FROM old WHERE old_user=UID;
::Those two are added together, obviously.
Distinct pages edited: SELECT COUNT(cur_id) FROM cur WHERE cur_user=UID GROUP BY cur_title;
SELECT COUNT(old_id) FROM old WHERE old_user=UID GROUP BY old_title;
::Again, added together.
::Edits/page (avg) is calculated as <math>\frac{DistinctPagesEdited}{TotalEdits}</math>.
First edit: SELECT cur_timestamp FROM cur ORDER BY cur_timestamp ASC LIMIT 1;
SELECT old_timestamp FROM old ORDER BY old_timestamp ASC LIMIT 1;
::from which the smallest is selected (assuming both queries return a value)...
Edits by namespace: SELECT COUNT(cur_id) FROM cur WHERE cur_user=UID GROUP BY cur_namespace;
SELECT COUNT(old_id) FROM old WHERE old_user=UID GROUP BY old_namespace;
::For each namespace, the values are added together and mapped to the proper name.
::Naturally, I can't guarantee that's exactly how it works, since I haven't seen the source code of the tool, but based on the database structure of MediaWiki, and the PHP source of SpecialContributions.php, that would seem to be the way to do it (or at least, *a* way). --[[User:Pidgeot|Pidgeot]] <small>[[User_talk:Pidgeot|(t)]] [[Special:Contributions/Pidgeot|(c)]] [[Special:Emailuser/Pidgeot|(e)]]</small> 14:19, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
== The website related to the change of atmosphere pressure ==
Can you give me some website that is related to what will cause the change of atmosphere pressure?
: have you looked at the [[Atmospheric pressure]] article on wikipedia? [[User:Boneyard|Boneyard]] 11:34, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
== ODBC - Pros & Cons ==
ODBC is a useful technology for allowing a developer to connect to a wide range of databases without needing to alter their applicationcode. But some people have a belief that ODBC is not as good as developing an interface direct to the database's native code. Can anyone list the pros and cons of using ODBC to connect to the database and what pitfalls or advantages their might be in using ODBC?
:Welll... I guess the more layers of abstraction the more function calls you must call. Calling on an external library which then calls on a database function takes longer than just directly accessing the database. To be honest though, I think won't cause too much performance problems, and accessing a standardised interface has many more pros than accessing different databases in different ways. - [[User:203.134.166.99|203.134.166.99]] 08:11, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
== MDAC and ADO.NET ==
Question: where does [[ADO.NET]] sit in the [[MDAC]] stack? Do Microsoft consider it part of MDAC at all? The MDAC roadmap does mention it, but doesn't state whether it is part of the .NET framework or whether it is part of the MDAC framework. I know that ADO.NET must use a .NET Managed provider, but these just appear to be a simplified version of an OLE DB provider, even though they don't use COM and instead use the .NET CLR. Can anyone give me an answer to this? I'd like to update the MDAC article. - [[User:203.134.166.99|203.134.166.99]] 08:08, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
== Testing ==
what is the difference between client server application testing and web application testing?
:Web App testing is properly a subset of client-server app testing. However, both are generic enough (and test methods and requirements are flexible enough, depending on particular application), that little more comparison can be made. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 13:13, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
== human body ==
why do we have a running nose when we catch cold?
: have you looked at the [[Common cold]] article? [[User:Boneyard|Boneyard]] 11:32, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
== Gary Killdall ==
Does anyone know who Gary Killdall was and why he was important to the computing industry ?
Mark Davis
:The correct spelling appears to be [[Gary Kildall]] (that's the one used by his employer, Digital Research, on their website). That should cover what you're looking for. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 14:38, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
== Phosphate rock ==
By how much will the oceans rise if all the ice melts (assuming the amount of water in the atmosphere stays the same)? A.F. Stewart, Dresden.
== real estate ==
What is the name of the person who came up with real estate? {{Unsigned|207.62.88.10|10:46 EDT, 20 September 2005 }}
:The concept of real estate, that is land as property, dates back to the start of farming, and there is no record of how the concept was first devised. i doubt that any one person was responsible. See [[Real estate]] for much more information. [[User:DESiegel|DES]] [[User talk:DESiegel|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 15:55, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
== Rocks ==
What is your questiion about them? [[User:DESiegel|DES]] [[User talk:DESiegel|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 16:00, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
:[[rock (geology)|Rocks]] [[rock music|rock]]. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 16:10, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
::How [[igneous|igneorant]]. [[User:Robchurch|Rob Church]] <sup>''[[User_talk:Robchurch|Talk]]'' | ''[[User:Robchurch/Desk|Desk]]''</sup> 00:09, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
:::Now, now; be [[gneiss]]. [[User:TenOfAllTrades|TenOfAllTrades]]([[User_talk:TenOfAllTrades|talk]])
::::This is clearly a hard question --[[User:Jonon|jonon]] 12:24, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== Recusive function ==
consider a network of streets laid out in a rectangular grid, for example.
In a northeast path from one point in the grid to another, one may walk only to the north(up) and to the east(right).How can I
Write a C++ program that uses a recursive function to count the number of northeast paths from one point to another in a rectangular grid.
General Idea That I have is that one simply recourses north until one falls off the grid.Recursion automatically takes care of backtracking to a legal grid point & then recursing to the east.
:Assuming you can ''always'' go north and right at each grid point, the number of paths is equal to <math>{v-1 \choose v+h-2}</math>, where ''h'' is number of grid points horizontally and ''v'' the number of gridpoints vertically. This can be computed using <math>{n \choose k} = \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}</math> or recursivly using [[Pascal's triangle]]. --[[User:R.Koot|R.Koot]] 18:03, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
::If you can't make that assumption, think about this: the total number of paths that go from your present ___location to the destination is the sum of a) the number of paths to the destination from the ___location to your east (if you can go east) and b) the number of paths to the destination from the ___location to your north (if you can go north). --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 00:40, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== Salt and vinegar ==
Do [[salt and vinegar potato chips]] have any notable [[health]] effects? {{User:Eequor/Signature/Syllabic}} 17:46, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
:Well, too much [[edible salt|salt]] is bad for you, they always say. Vinegar I'm not sure about. The crisps themselves may be a problem due to [[acrylamide]] content, though I don't think that's settled yet.
:Having moved from the UK to the USA, I do miss them. They're much harder to find over here. -- [[User:DrBob|DrBob]] 18:06, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
::Where in the USA? They are practically a staple in the northeast. Yum, --[[User:Hydnjo|hydnjo]] [[User talk:Hydnjo|talk]] 18:14, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
:::The southwest. Nor can you get cheese and onion, prawn cocktail, or smokey bacon crisps for love nor money. Probably because all the hideous chemical flavourings are banned in the US, but still. --[[User:DrBob|DrBob]] 18:21, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
:They can make you fat, of course. More generally, they are very high in carbohydrates, with all their associated troubles. And salt is problematic for some people. But vinegar is generally pretty healthy stuff, so I doubt there would be any health troubles associated with this type of potato chips that wouldn't also be associated with normal potato chips. — [[User:Nowhither|Nowhither]] 18:47, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
*Salt and carbohydrates can both be a good thing when used with caution. Too much of either isn't healthy but too much vitamins isn't healthy either. Salt is useful to keep up the salt content of your body and carbohydrates are good for energy (of course it's no use if you don't use the consumed energy). The brain needs a particular sort of carbohydrate (I think it was [[sucrose]], but I'm not sure), so don't even bother not eating any carbs at all. - [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm]]|[[User talk:MacGyverMagic|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 19:17, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
The flavouring used is [[sodium acetate]], which would seem to be remarkably inocous as artificial flavourings go. My answer would be "no more so than any other crisps (sorry, chips)". [[User:Physchim62|Physchim62]] 14:49, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== Megaparsecs ==
The furthest quasars detected have been seen to have a distance of 5500 megaparsecs. If a megaparsec approximately equals 3.26 x 10^6 and if the maximum possible distance something can be detected away from us is 13.7 billion light years away which equals around 4202 megaparsecs much less than the distance from the furthest away quasar how is it possible to detect a quasar when light hasn't had enough time since the beggining of the universe to reach us?--[[User:Mr A Pinder|Mr A Pinder]] 21:45, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
:Without extensive research on my part, most likely because 13.7 bn ly is no longer the detection limit. Astronomers observing a new oldest-thing-ever is fairly common. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 20:08, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
:That doesn't seem to explain anything though. How is 13.7bn ly no longer the limit, did we increase the speed of light? Go forward in-time? The only assumption I can make is that the object in question (a quasar with 5500 megaparsecs distance) was in fact within the 13.7 bn ly distance when the light first got here using it's redshift the actual distance was calculated. That's the only explanation I can think of though. --[[User:82.7.209.62|82.7.209.62]] 11:39, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
::The exact age of the universe isn't known. As scientists learn more (by finding new quasars for example) the numbers get revised. I think that is all that is happening here. [[User:Theresa knott|Theresa Knott]] [[User talk:Theresa knott| (a tenth stroke)]] 22:23, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
:[http://www.sciam.com/print_version.cfm?articleID=0009F0CA-C523-1213-852383414B7F0147 March 2005 Sciam article "Misconceptions about the Big Bang"]. Whole article is interesting, but in case the link doesn't work, the relevant part:
:''If space were not expanding, the most distant object we could see would now be about 14 billion light-years away from us, the distance light could have traveled in the 14 billion years since the big bang. But because the universe is expanding, the space traversed by a photon expands behind it during the voyage. Consequently, the current distance to the most distant object we can see is about three times farther, or 46 billion light-years.'' [[User:Frencheigh|Frencheigh]] 22:44, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== Eyelashes ==
Many hairs on the human body appear to initially grow in a locally prefered direction, but curly hairs generally seem to curl in random directions. Eyelashes on the other hand are highly ordered and align in their direction of curling. Is there an interesting story as to how this happens? -- [[User:Solipsist|Solipsist]] 19:41, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
== Wisteria trees ==
How can you tell a male from a female wisteria tree?
:Trees, being a form of plant, have both genders; their flowers have both [[stamen]]s and [[stigma]]e. [[User:Robchurch|Rob Church]] <sup>''[[User_talk:Robchurch|Talk]]'' | ''[[User:Robchurch/Desk|Desk]]''</sup> 00:11, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
::The situation described in [[plant sexuality]] is rather more complex and certainly allows for the possibility of separate male and female plants, at least for some species. As for [[wisteria]]s, I would have no idea, but to wait for beans. — [[User:Pekinensis|Pekinensis]] 23:19, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
:::I just checked with an expert -- my local [[Master Gardner]] helpline. I was told that Wisterias have "perfect form" i.e. they have both male and female parts on all trees. not all trees have this property, but it seems that wisterias do. [[User:DESiegel|DES]] [[User talk:DESiegel|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 20:48, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== Methadone clinics ==
How many methadone clinics are there both public and private in the United States?
Jim
== ethernet ==
Do you have a question about [[ethernet]]? [[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 20:22, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
== How to build a TV station ==
I am interested in building educational TV Station in Afghanistan.
From the technical point of view what kinds of equpments I need.
* What types of cameras do I need.
* What types of camera and equpments are required inside the TV Station.
* What types of equpments I need to broadcast. (The type of equpments and
* How far they could reach.)
:Unfortunately, I think this topic is far too complex to give a useful answer in a paragraph or two. You will need quite a lot of equipment and a considerable amount of expertise to set up your station, and the necessary equipment will cost lot of money, even if you buy it second-hand. To figure out what you require, you will need to consult extensively with an expert, or spend some time working with TV people yourself to learn what's required (Foriegn press reports have mentioned that there is a TV station in Kabul, for instance).
:If I were you, I'd also go and speak to some of the foriegn aid agencies working in Afghanistan. Not only could they put you in touch with people who have the expertise you need, they may be able to help out with sourcing of the right equipment.
:In terms of the transmission range, if you use terrestrial TV transmission it will basically be [[line of sight]]. Any mountains between your transmitter and the recipients will mean they won't be able to see your signal. So if you want good reception range make sure your transmitter is at the top of a mountain to maximise the area that it can be viewed from!
:Good luck with your project, which sounds very admirable. I wish I could be more helpful. --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 00:20, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
:I am no expert on this either. Perhaps the organizations helping the rebuilding effort can put you in touch with relevant experts in their home nations. You'll need transmitting of a kind that will match the reception for your audience.
:There are also international organizations that help developing nations in general with such things. Sometimes it is more economical to use satelite dishes in remote villages. An advantage of this is that they can access educational TV from many nations, not just what you are putting out.
* for example [http://www.sysmod.com/trinet.htm Trinet] is a European effort, mainly in Africa to aid developing nations inexpensive communications. This Trinet link also has info about a discussion group precisely to help people in developing nations get at resources for projects such as yours.
[[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 00:25, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
::One more thing to consider; [[community television]] organizations run on very low budgets, often with volunteer staff, so they know a thing or two about running a minimalist TV station. It's another area to look into which might provide some helpful contacts. --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 06:02, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
:: Also many [[public television]] stations in the USA that deliver via [[cable television]], they are able to have several cable channels, at least one devoted to [[public interest]] topics, in which the general public is invited to attend classes in how to operate the cameras, can rent them (leave a deposit sufficient for insurance), to do community coverage of general interest.
:: You might also check with the Universities of Journalism around the world. Some of them have their students publish inexpensive newsletters, with faculty advisors. This might help you see what is the state of art in other nations, expectations of [[journalism]] excellence standards.
::: [http://www.jrn.columbia.edu/ Columbia School of Journalism] publishes '''CJR''' [http://www.cjr.org/ Columbia Journalism Review]
:: I tinkered slightly with your question above to make it more obvious what you asking about, because my areas of know-how not quite on point with what you need.
[[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 07:12, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== A Variable Speed of Light ==
The particle theory of light states that the main particle in light is a photon and it has been proven that photons of light must have a mass (even if extremely low) because they cannot escape a black hole. If, theoretically, you shone light directly into a blackhole this would certainly speed up the light photons as by Newton's law; acceleration = mass x force. Therefore how is it that the speed of light is thought of as a constant?
Furthermore in the special theory of relativity as you get close to the speed of light, time itself slows down until it comes to a stand still at the speed of light. If light was to go faster than the speed of light (assuming the 'speed of light' is the speed of light throughout space) then wouldn't that mean the light entering a blackhole was going back in time?
:Photons do not have mass, not even an extremely low one. They are affected by gravity because gravity warps the entire [[spacetime]]. However, although photons are massless, they do have [[momentum]], and this value describes their behavior when influenced by gravity. Note though that Newton's laws don't hold for these calculations; we must use [[general relativity]] instead. In particular, it is wrong that acceleration = mass × force. This is only true for very small speeds; when the speed begins to approach the speed of light, infinitely much more energy is needed to accelerate further. Only massless particles can travel at the speed of light. See the articles on [[photon]]s, the [[speed of light]], and the theory of relativity for more information. [[User:Fredrik|Fredrik]] | [[User talk:Fredrik|talk]] 20:56, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
::Well, of course it's wrong that "acceleration = mass × force". However, it's at least approximately correct that force = mass × acceleration. And that is the usual modern statement of Newton's Second Law. ''However'', what Newton actually said was that force = d(momentum)/d(time). And that is exactly right. Even for light. — [[User:Nowhither|Nowhither]] 23:14, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
:::I can't believe I missed that one... - [[User:Fredrik|Fredrik]] | [[User talk:Fredrik|talk]] 10:50, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
:The speed of light is based upon the medium it travels through. Light travels faster through space than through the atmosphere, and faster through air than glass. Physics demands than when a particle falls toward a black hole it has to gain energy. Particles with mass go faster to do this, massless particles instead gain energy, so you see a blue-shift as the photon's frequency increases.
:Many thanks for the answer i've always thought particles affected by space-time must have a mass but of course they only have to be affected by space-time e.g everything. --[[User:Mr A Pinder|Mr A Pinder]] 21:44, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
::This touches on something I've been wondering about concerning black holes. As I understand it, all the strange effects one sees when something enters a black hole only really hold from the perspective of an outside observer, but for something (someone?) entering the black hole everything is 'as normal' (ie the normal laws of physics still hold from that perspective?). So is it that the light really doesn't change frequency but it only appears so for the 'outsider' who sees the distortion of space/time (which the 'insider' doesn't)? [[User:DirkvdM|DirkvdM]] 12:34, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
::Good question. But you have it backwards. The outsider would not see light approaching a black hole, but light which is moving away from a black hole would be red shifted. It is not possible for light to escape a black hole, but a light emitting object moving close to a black hole, or any superdense body, would show a red shift. An observer would need to be between the black hole and the light emitting object to see a blue shift. As far as whether the light 'really' changes frequency, that is a difficult question, almost in the realm of metaphysical debate. Physics says the light would have to gain energy to move into a gravitational well, and the only way to do that is to increase frequency. If that is due to a space distortion, well maybe so.
:::I was thinking theoretically, not empirically. Of course you can't 'see' a photon moving towards a black hole because it would have to 'emit something' we can detect. But indeed without the possibility of empirical testing it's little more than metaphysics. But isn't much of modern day physics then not really metaphysics? I anticipate two possible reactions to this. One is irritation (suggesting I'm on to something). The other is that I've just exposed myself as the layman (read 'philosopher') I am :) . [[User:DirkvdM|DirkvdM]] 06:58, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
By the way, there is an interesting and somewhat related issue here that no one has brought up. Yes, the speed of light varies depending on the medium it is passing through. When we say "nothing can go faster than the speed of light" we really mean "the speed of light in a vacuum". That means that if we are ''not'' in a vacuum, then it is theoretically possible for an object to go faster than light.<p>This has interesting implications. What happens when an object in the air goes faster than sound? Answer: a shockwave, whose sound is often called a "sonic boom". An object traveling faster than the speed of light in some medium can produce similar electromagnetic shockwaves. These go by the name "[[Cherenkov radiation]]". For more information, refer to that article.<p>— [[User:Nowhither|Nowhither]] 23:35, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== Bacteria ==
What are the differences of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?
:See our articles on [[Gram-positive]] and [[Gram-negative]]. [[User:Chuck Carroll|Chuck]] 21:58, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
== tadpoles ==
how do tadpoles get to be full breed forgs i mean how does the process work?
:As you might expect, it's a very complex process, and there's no quick answer to the question. Research into questions like that is a very active part of cutting-edge research in biology (which is another way to say "there's a lot we still don't know"). That area of biology is called [[developmental biology]], and the article I've linked to might be a good starting point. [[User:Chuck Carroll|Chuck]] 23:02, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
== "Find the zeros of each function" ==
How do I solve problems that ask "find the zeros of each function" and give an (f)x equation, such as:
:f(x) = 3x - 8
:f(x) = (x/2) + 5
:f(x) = 19
--[[User:69.163.150.70|69.163.150.70]] 00:18, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
If you want to find the zeroes of a function, you should replace the f(x) with 0 and solve the resulting equation, for instance, the first one will become
:<math>3 x - 8 = 0</math>
If you need help solving equations like that, might I suggest you have a look at [http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/sets/select/dm_solve_equation.html Doctor Math] and his very extensive explanation of problems like these? --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 00:32, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
In the first two examples you provide, there is only one zero per function. As you can see from your third example, it is not always possible to find any zeros of a function:
:<math>f(x) = 19</math> (replacing <math>f(x)</math> with 0 results in a falsehood (<math>0 = 19</math>))
The other two require a little algebra:
:<math>0 = 3x - 8</math>
:<math>8 = 3x</math> Add 8 to each side.
:<math>8/3 = x</math> Divide each side by 3
: There is one zero: When <math>x=8/3</math>
:<math>0 = (x/2) + 5</math>
:<math>-5 = x/2</math> Subtract 5 from each side
:<math>-10 = x</math> Multiply each side by 2
== graph theory ==
what is a weakly connected dominating set?
:See [[Glossary of graph theory]]. [[User:Chuck Carroll|Chuck]] 04:05, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== Volcanoes and the hydrosphere(seawater, and underwater volcanoes) ==
#) How do volcanoes at mid-ocean ridges affect the temperature of seawater?
#)How do volcanoes change the chemistry of seawater?
#)How does seawater affect the composition of the volcanic rock that is formed at the mid-ocean ridge?
#)Would volcanoes affect a small body of seawater, such as the Red Sea, the same way as a large ocean like the Atlantic?
#)Can a change in the volume of volcanic rock formed at mi-ocean ridges change sea level?
:I tinkered with your question just a little bit to make it easier to see what your questions are. I am not an expert at this, and I am a novice at using reference works, but hope what little I know can help you navigate what is here. I looked at several articles here, such as [[Volcanology]] and concluded that there is a lot of room here for upgrading the content of these articles, given recent news such as the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]] disaster.
# Do you suppose there might be an article on [[volcano]] in this on-line encyclopaedia?
## Yes, and how about [[Submarine volcano]]s on the [[ocean floor]]? However, seems to me it is somewhat of a stub article that does not go into much detail on your questions of the chemistry of lava in sea water.
### [[Bogoslof Island]] is the summit of a mainly underwater [[stratovolcano]] in the [[Bering Sea]], 31 miles from the main [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutian_Islands Aleutian volcanic arc] (That's off Alaska USA).
### There are several parts of Hawaii that came from the sea, thanks to volcanic eruption, that started totally underwater, such as [[Loihi Seamount]].
### [[Monowai Seamount]] is another, in the vicinity of [[New Zealand]]. It is still totally below [[sea level]].
## The Wiki article on [[Hydrosphere]] is also a [[stub]] so we may have to go outside Wiki to get you a good answer.
# You might find some info of relevance in the Wiki articles on [[geology]], [[hydrogeology]] and other effects of underwater volcanoes, such as [[tsunami]] (giant tidal waves).
[[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 04:15, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== computer networking ==
list five different network devices
:Another case of "Do your own homework", but because it's so simple: Network Interface Card, Hub, Switch, Bridge, Router. Thank you, thank you, I'm here all week. Try the veal.--[[User:Inkypaws|inks]] 03:23, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
::You missed "wire" :-) Veal's off [[User:Tonywalton|Tonywalton]] [[Image:Pentacle-circumscribed.png|15px]] |<small> [[User talk:Tonywalton|Talk]]</small> 22:06, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
:A telephone is a network device.
:A fax machine
:Their value is related to how many others of the same kind of device they can talk to.
: Is a "wire" a "device"? [[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 07:25, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== Does hot or cold water freeze faster? ==
I have heard many arguments for the question, does hot water or cold water freeze faster, and was wondering if someone could fully answer this for me, and explain why there is such a debate on this question. --confused
: See ''[[Mpemba effect]]''. {{User:Eequor/Signature/Syllabic}} 03:46, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
::Amazing! And puzzling. My first reaction was that the warmer water (or whatever) would have to cool down to the temperature of the cooler water, from which point the situation is equal for both, so the warm water should always take longer to freeze. But as I understand the article (which I don't entirely :) ), the difference is not so much the present temperature but the fact that the liquid ''has been'' warmer. In other words, if two vessels of water have previously had a higher temperature and one is given a headstart by letting it cool down a bit before the 'contest' then it will 'win'. Right? [[User:DirkvdM|DirkvdM]] 12:48, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
:My understanding is hot water, due to the heat driving out dissolved gas, will freeze faster.
::Which fits in with what I said. The difference then lies in the fact that the water was previously heated. Not in the actual temperature. [[User:DirkvdM|DirkvdM]] 07:57, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
:[http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a2_098b.html More info] from the [[Straight Dope]]. - [[User:Bloodshedder|Bloodshedder]] 03:00, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== how many light years is in a minute ==
:Your question, as written, makes no sense. A [[light year]] is a measure of distance; it is how far light travels through vacuum in a year. A minute is a measure of time. People occasionally use the term "light minute" and "light second", as described in the light year article. --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 05:44, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
:A light minute is 11160000 miles or 186000 * 60.
::Don't forget that the Millenium Falcon made the Kessel run in less than 12 parsecs. :-) — [[User:Nowhither|Nowhither]] 23:55, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== how many miles does the earth travel around the sun? ==
The [[Earth]] article lists the details of the Earth's orbit; the orbital circumference is 0.940 [[Terametre]]s, which is another way of say 940 million kilometres. --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 05:50, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== Water Weight ==
Is hot water heavier than cold water?
:Generally not. Our article on [[water]] says that "Fresh water has its greatest density at 4°C. It becomes less dense as it freezes or heats up." --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 05:52, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
:However, if we take your question literally, from my limited understanding of [[special relativity]] the same number of molecules of hot water will be ever so slightly heavier than the same number of molecules of cold water. According to special relativity, the rest energy of an object is directly proportional to its mass. The rest energy of the hot water is greater than the cold water. Therefore, it must have greater mass. In practice, this effect will be almost undetectable, though, because the amount of energy "contained" in a mass that the extra energy from a little bit of heat is a tiny fraction of the object's total energy. However, we usually don't count molecules to measure quantities of water, we measure [[volume]]. --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 05:59, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
It depends how much of each you have. A litre of hot water is a lot lighter than a swimming pool full of cold. for example. [[User:Tonywalton|Tonywalton]] [[Image:Pentacle-circumscribed.png|15px]] |<small> [[User talk:Tonywalton|Talk]]</small> 22:08, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== elevators ==
(no question)<br>
*They're usually used to get up and down in building without the use of stairs. See [[elevator]]. - [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm]]|[[User talk:MacGyverMagic|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 10:28, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
*They are also aircraft control surfaces and grain storage facilities, among other things. See [[elevator (disambiguation)]]. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 13:22, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== achievements of world nations in remote sensing technology ==
(no question asked)
: Did you have a question? You could try the Wikipedia [[remote sensing]] article. Or you could post again and ask a question. — [[User:Nowhither|Nowhither]] 01:01, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== Yellow bell ==
What is the phylum or division name of a Yellow bell?
:[[Magnoliophyta]]. See the article [[Allamanda]]. ("[[Yellow bell]]" should also take you there now that I have created a redirect page.) - [[User:Fredrik|Fredrik]] | [[User talk:Fredrik|talk]] 11:16, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== Electricity ==
What is static electricity?
:Does the article, [[static electricity]], explain it for you? - [[User:Fredrik|Fredrik]] | [[User talk:Fredrik|talk]] 11:08, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== Browser IDs ==
How can I change the user id string of Mozilla Firefox without using an extension? --anon
:You go about it in the '''about:config''' menu (accessed via the address bar), full instructions available here [http://johnbokma.com/mexit/2004/04/24/changinguseragent.html] — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 13:19, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== Circulatory system ==
Are there any really interesting facts about the circulatory system? It's for a project about the human body that I am making here.
:I would suggest poking through our article [[circulatory system]] to see if anything jumps out at you. Some of the historical ideas about circulation are quite interesting. The articles linked in [[Template:Cardiovascular system]] are also quite extensive. You'll have to judge for yourself what counts as 'really interesting'. [[User:TenOfAllTrades|TenOfAllTrades]]([[User_talk:TenOfAllTrades|talk]]) 17:53, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== [[WinZip]] ==
Can someone point me to the latest fully functional (not a trial version or security patch) of [[WinZip]]. Somehow, this particular system I'm working on hasn't got one installed... :( - [[User:82.172.23.66|82.172.23.66]] 18:06, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
:The free (trial) version at [http://www.winzip.com winzip.com] is functionally the same as the full version. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 18:49, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
*I know, but I'd prefer a version that lasts beyond a 21-day trial. - [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm]]|[[User talk:MacGyverMagic|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 21:13, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
::There's no actual limit on its usage (at least not with older versions, not sure about 9.0), you just have to live with the nag message.
::Failing that, there are plenty of free alternatives. [[7-Zip]] is a free archiver with support for many formats, including (as you might guess) the .7z format, which tends to offer much better compression ratios than ZIP. --[[User:Pidgeot|Pidgeot]] <small>[[User_talk:Pidgeot|(t)]] [[Special:Contributions/Pidgeot|(c)]] [[Special:Emailuser/Pidgeot|(e)]]</small> 22:03, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
*Original poster: The way you get the non-nagging version of WinZip is to get the trial version, and, when it nags you, click the button to pay for it. It seem to remember the button is labeled "Buy Now". In any case, you can't miss it. — [[User:Nowhither|Nowhither]] 01:04, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== Bipolar Medically speaking. ==
Would it be safe to say that those who've listened to D.Leppard and Queen and Pink Floyd would be considered having a trait of Bipolar tendisies??? How often should these tendicies be seen??Why isn't the Bipolar medication today worth taking without side effects??? Shouldn't doctors use herbs and other natural substances instead??? why make things worse?? thanks for seeing my email
::christie lofton, christielofton@<!--yahoo-->hidden.com
:I've obscured your email address, as it's probably a bad idea to leave it out in the open for spam harvesting. Anyway, to attempt to answer:
#No. Debatable taste in music is not a medical condition.
#[[Bipolar disorder|Bipolar]] tendancies vary by individual.
#Most medicines have side effects in one form or another. Generally, as a drug type remains on the market, continuing research reduces side effects.
#That depends primarily (in my personal opinion, I would hope completely) on the established effectiveness of such remedies.
:Hope this helps. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 18:45, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
:You could try reading ''An Unquiet Mind'' by Kay Redfield Jamison, Published: Picador (UK) ISBN 0330346512 Vintage (US) ISBN 0679763309. Jamison is a practising psychiatrist and a sufferer from severe bipolar disorder; the book's a good insight into the disorder itself, the effects it has, and into its treatment. She omits to mention any general connection with musical taste, though. [[User:Tonywalton|Tonywalton]] [[Image:Pentacle-circumscribed.png|15px]] |<small> [[User talk:Tonywalton|Talk]]</small> 22:19, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
:People who listen to the dull cock rock of ''[[Def Leppard]]'' are far too mentally stilted to exhibit the outre signifiers of bipolar disorder. Similarly ''[[Queen (band)|Queen]]'' appeals to the unsophisticated good time sensibility that may engage a bipolar person in an up phase but lacks (''[[Bohemian Rhapsody]]'' excepted) the poetic spirit we romantically like to think as being part and parcel of tragic melancholy. Once [[Syd Barrett]] left, ''[[Pink Floyd]]'' appealed only to architects. This answer may be deemed controversial by other wikipedians, but I wouldn't listen to anyone else. Stick with me: I know what I'm talking about. --[[User:Bodnotbod|bodnotbod]] 15:11, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== what hypothesis did beadle and tatum test in their experiments on neurospora ==
:Typing ''neurospora'' into the search box on the left will allow you to find articles which will probably help you to do your homework. In future, please refer to the instructions at the top of the page and note that Wikipedia isn't here to do your homework for you. [[User:TenOfAllTrades|TenOfAllTrades]]([[User_talk:TenOfAllTrades|talk]]) 18:56, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== new technology ==
== Latest technology ==
What are some of the latest technologies available in the classroom and/or to teachers/students?
We already know ''some''of the things available, but what are the newest forms of technologies to aid in education and learning?
Are there any "cutting edge" ideas, computers, computer applications, websites, downloads, etc... that can help teachers and education majors to integrate technology into their classrooms?
If possible, could you please email a response to Susan Wurth at Kaskaskia College(Re: Crystal's Question for EDUC 116)? Her email address is <REMOVED> Thank you!
Well [[interactive whiteboard]]s are gaining in popularity. [[User:Theresa knott|Theresa Knott]] [[User talk:Theresa knott| (a tenth stroke)]] 20:13, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
:To the original poster: You have hit on a topic that Wikipedia does not cover very well. We have an article on [[Educational technology]], but it is a lousy article. Perhaps I'll go clean it up. Or you can, if you want. Meanwhile, there is plenty on the web. See, for example, the "Encyclopedia of Educational Technology" at http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/ . And here is a blog about the topic: http://people.uis.edu/rschr1/et/blogger.html . Also, I have removed Susan's e-mail address, so that every spammer in the world doesn't start deluging her with nonsense. May I suggest that you do not post e-mail addresses (especially if they belong to other people??) in a public forum. — [[User:Nowhither|Nowhither]] 00:27, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
:Educators are learning how to use the power of the Internet to help them network with each other and do their job more effectively.
* There are discussion groups for particular kinds of teachers, school librarians, etc.
* Homework Hotline is a deal where a student having trouble with subject X, phones the service and ends up speaking with a teacher of subject X at the student's grade or age level, but who is at some different school system ... different city, public parochial, whatever. Result is the student gets immediate help, and the teachers record the kinds of questions that re-occur so they can improve the curriculum.
* Parents can go to a web site, select which school, grade level, subject, to see what the homework assignments were.
* There's article in today's [[USA Today]] Newspaper about mental health professionals watching pre-schoolers to catch those that have disabilities that can be helped early.
[[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 07:32, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
:Here's an interesting way to use the Internet for educational purposes. Give students the task of adding to a Wikipedia article. That would be less boring to the student, they have to research a subject for themselves, interpreting and rewording the findings, in stead of just memorising what some textbook says (a direction society is going in I'd say) and it will give them more satisfaction because they actually do useful work (for all the world to see!). I suppose this means more work for the teacher, who has to read through the edits, but it would certainly be less boring for them too. [[User:DirkvdM|DirkvdM]] 08:07, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== cost of touch screen feature ==
Why do Tablet PCs cost much more than laptops. Are they costly because they have touch screens and pen?
How much does it cost to add a touch screen to a device? Or simply, how much does the touch screen facility alone would cost?
--Tom
:[[Touch screen]]s are indeed very expensive (1.5-4x price?) compared to normal LCD screens, but any prices that I might be able to quote for desktop monitors won't be relevant to laptops. I imagine the small market for tablet PCs compared to the much larger market for laptops has an effect on price too. Interestingly, touchscreen LCDs seem to need constant (sometimes daily) recalibration -- do tablet PCs suffer the same problem? [[User:Ojw|Ojw]] 20:34, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
:I'd hazard that prices are also slightly higher to help Microsoft recoup OS development costs since they're not able to sell retail or upgrade versions of XP Tablet Edition. Re: [[User:Ojw|Ojw]], mine only needs recalibration when I flip between landscape and portrait mode, owing to the reorientation of my hand when near the screen edges. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 21:15, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== what trees do acorns come from ==
:[[Oak]] trees (see [[acorn]]). — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 20:09, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
== History of Science examples from Kuhn's SSR ==
Hi all - I am putting together a website for a class taught by the department of Logic and Philosophy of Science at [[University of California, Irvine|UC Irvine]]. Among other things, the students will be reading [[Thomas Kuhn]]'s [[The Structure of Scientific Revolutions]]. For those of you who haven't read it, it is packed with history of science examples that are, to put it bluntly, never explained. Since the students will mostly be sophomores in college, I am endeavoring to put together a glossary of Kuhn's examples. This glossary has a few sentences on each examples, and links to Wikipedia for a more detailed description. Unfortunately, I have been unable to track down many of these examples, and so I'm turning to you for help! Anything you know about any of these examples would be a great help. If this stuff is somewhere on wikipedia, please tell me where so that in composing my entry I can link there. Here are the examples I cannot locate:
* Some method for measuring electrical attraction using a pan balance (I have an idea how this would go, but I'd like to know who did this and to what use it was put)
* Some problem in applying Newton's laws to the moon, and the solution proposed by [[Alexis Clairault]].
* He makes a reference to the "Pneumatic Chemists"
* <strike>Kepler and the motion of mars</strike>
* <strike>"The proliferation of gases" surrounding Priestly. That's really all he says.</strike>
* The effluvium theory (some theory of electricity)
* <strike>[[Hauksbee]]'s apparatus (something to do with electrostatic repulsion)</strike>
* Musschenbroek and his observations regarding a charge filled bottle (I assume this is a [[leyden jar]])
* The theory of elective affinity (some chemical theory that had to do with acids, I think)
* <strike>[[John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh|Rayleigh's]] paradoxes of electrodynamics (I don't think this is supposed to be Rayleigh scattering)</strike>
* [[Kepler]]'s Rudolphine tables. (I assume this is the ''Tabulae Rudolphinae'' mentioned in the article, but I don't know what the tables are for)
* <strike>Poisson and the a "reductio" of the wave theory of light (this refers to the prediction of a bright spot at the center of a shadow, which was latter observed by Fresnel. Do have anything on this anywhere?)
</strike>
* <strike>The Joule-Lenz law H=RI^3 (does this go by a different name now? I can't find it under that name)</strike>
* <strike>Do we really not have an article on [[Christian Huyghens]]? (okay, maybe this is just rhetorical)</strike>
Phew... that's a lot, I know. Believe me its only a small number of the total examples. Anything at all would be incredibly helpful! Thanks a million! --best, kevin <font color="#BBBBBB">·</font><font color="#666666">·</font>·<small>[[User:Kzollman|Kzollman]] | [[User Talk:Kzollman|Talk]]</small>·<font color="#666666">·</font><font color="#BBBBBB">·</font> 21:22, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
:* Did you mean this [[Christiaan_Huygens]]?
:* [[Effluvium]]: According to [http://shop.store.yahoo.com/know-products/storofel1.html] it has something to do with [[William Gilbert]]. --[[User:R.Koot|R.Koot]] 21:33, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
::No... I meant the mispelled one. *bows head in shame* In my defense (and I double checked) Kuhn refers to him as "Huyghens" and there are websites using that spelling. I've created redirects. Thanks, I'll see if I can find something on effluvium. --best, kevin <font color="#BBBBBB">·</font><font color="#666666">·</font>·<small>[[User:Kzollman|Kzollman]] | [[User Talk:Kzollman|Talk]]</small>·<font color="#666666">·</font><font color="#BBBBBB">·</font> 22:40, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
:* [[Joseph Priestley]] did indeed have a grand proliferation of gases - he identified eight, according to our article, when "air" was previously thought to be the only one to exist. He was a co-discoverer of [[oxygen]], among others. I believe there's a recent biography of him; skimming that might be useful since our article is pretty sparse. [[User:Shimgray|Shimgray]] 22:43, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
::Yeah, the case for oxygen is hard, since he called it "dephlogisticated air", right? Anyway, Kuhn says that the proliferation of gases was considered a problem in Priestley's day, any idea why? Kuhn seems to say even Priestley thought this was a problem. --best, kevin <font color="#BBBBBB">·</font><font color="#666666">·</font>·<small>[[User:Kzollman|Kzollman]] | [[User Talk:Kzollman|Talk]]</small>·<font color="#666666">·</font><font color="#BBBBBB">·</font> 22:48, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
*for the motion of mars see [[Kepler#Kepler's_laws]]. In short, Kepler was trying to reduce complex and error-fileld observatrional data to simple laws of motion. Mars presents a particualrly tricky case, becasuse its orbit is outside earth's orbit, which as earth overtakes mars leads to apparent "retrograde motion". the diagram at the above link shows a simple version of this, but a good bio of Kepler is probaly worth finding and skimming as our article is a bit brief here. [[User:DESiegel|DES]] [[User talk:DESiegel|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 22:57, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
*for Hauksbee see [[Barometric light]] and [http://www.corrosion-doctors.org/History/eighteen.htm this site] as a starting point. [[User:DESiegel|DES]] [[User talk:DESiegel|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 23:03, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
**I just created [[Francis Hauksbee]] which may also be useful. [[User:DESiegel|DES]] [[User talk:DESiegel|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 00:06, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
*[http://www.compilerpress.atfreeweb.com/Anno%20Ihde%20Instrumental%20Realism%20II%201991.htm This link] is an article on Khun that may be helpful. [[User:DESiegel|DES]] [[User talk:DESiegel|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 23:18, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
::Great! Thanks, that article will be a lot of help! --best, kevin <font color="#BBBBBB">·</font><font color="#666666">·</font>·<small>[[User:Kzollman|Kzollman]] | [[User Talk:Kzollman|Talk]]</small>·<font color="#666666">·</font><font color="#BBBBBB">·</font> 00:43, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
* For Rayleigh, probably refers to the [[Rayleigh-Jeans law]] and the [[ultraviolet catastrophe]] (which led, eventually, to QM).
:Poisson's spot: [[Siméon Denis Poisson|Poisson]] thought he'd killed Fresnel's wave theory of light (which he was a big critic of) by showing that it predicted a (seemingly absurd) spot of light that should be visible at the centre of a circular shadow. However, [[François Arago]] experimentally found the spot almost immediately. A [[Fresnel zone plate]] is essentially an expansion of this idea. -- [[User:DrBob|DrBob]] 01:15, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
* More: The Joule-Lenz law is also just called [[Joule's law]].
*I'd just point out that most of Wikipedia's articles on scientists and history of science are unfortunately not very informed by critical historical literature, and are instead what Kuhn calls "textbook science" in the introduction to SSR. So beware in using it for your examples! The best book (quick, straightforward, and accurate) for anything relating to early modern physics or astronomy is J.L. Heilbron's ''Elements of Early Modern Physics'' which the Irvine library probably has a copy of, if you are still stumped after all of this. (Heilbron, incidently, was Kuhn's research assistant while he was writing SSR; now he's the grand old man of history of physics, but still very active) --[[User:Fastfission|Fastfission]] 02:56, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== How weight system originated? ==
How weight system originated?
e.g 1Kg., How first unit of Kg. came in to existance?
Axay
Axay,
Our [[Units of measurement]] article has a good section on the history of various forms of weights and measures including the [[SI]] or metric system. You may also wish to check out the [[U.S. customary units]] for the history of the imperial system now used mainly the US. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 01:09, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== Project 1947 ==
What was Project 1947? Has to do with UFO's in Bayreuth, Germany in 1947.
:It appears that [http://www.project1947.com/ Project 1947] was an effort beginning in the 1990's by UFO enthusiasts/researchers, to examine lots of local newspapers from a period in which UFOs were reported to be observed. [http://66.102.7.104/search?q=cache:1_IvNgOtArEJ:www.project1947.com/+%22project+1947%22&hl=en If the page isn't working for you, try this page from the Google Cache]. One of the links is to a page selling copies of their preliminary report. --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 02:46, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== remembering amino acids ==
Are there useful mnemonics, rules, shortcuts ''et cetera'', to help one remember all 20 common amino acids, whether they're polar, nonpolar, acidic or basic, that sort of thing? --[[User:Miborovsky|Mib]][[User_talk:Miborovsky|orovsky]] [[Image:Namechop.jpg|20px]] 01:45, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
*Well, I found this for the names: http://wwwchem.csustan.edu/chem4400/code.htm --[[User:Jpgordon|jpgordon]][[User talk:Jpgordon|∇∆∇∆]] 02:40, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== astronomy ==
what is our comic address in order of increasing size? Where is the Sun in the Milky Way?
*The sun is located on the outer edge of the milky way, roughly 28,000 lightyears from the galactic center.
*In addition: ''We know that the Sun is on the edge of what is probably a 'spur' called the Orion Spur which seems to merge with the Perseus Spiral arm towards the constellation Cygnus. The Perseus Arm is the one just outward from the Sun's ___location in the Galaxy about 700 to 1000 parsecs from us. Beyond the Perseus Arm, there may be a more distant one, but the arms become less distinct in the outer galaxy zone.'' from [http://www.astronomycafe.net/qadir/q2233.html]
*I don't quite understand the first part of your question. Please elaborate. - [[User:R_Lee_E|Cobra Ky]] [[Image:Flag of the United States.png|25px]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:R_Lee_E talk], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/R_Lee_E contribs]) 04:33, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
::I believe the OP meant ''cosmic'' address in increasing size. So, for me, Fukiage district, Chikusa ward, Nagoya city, Aichi prefecture, Honshu island, Japan, Asia, Earth, the Solar System, then apparently the Orion Spur, the Perseus Spiral arm, the Milky Way galaxy, then…? [[User:Garrett Albright|Garrett Albright]] 04:53, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
:::Then the [[Local Group]], [[Virgo Supercluster]], etc... peruse the [[large-scale structure of the cosmos]] for more. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 04:55, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
::::Saying that we live near [[The Sun]] in the [[Local Group]] is a bit like writing "My house/My Street/My Town" as an address. Unfortunately, we don't know anyone who lives elsewhere to standardise our addresses with... [[User:Ojw|Ojw]] 11:23, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== Cyclones v's Hurricanes ==
Could someone explain the difference between a Cyclone and a Hurricane?
Thanks.
A
:It's solely where they form, see [[tropical cyclone]] for cyclones, typhoons, and hurricanes. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 04:53, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== Diesel Engine ==
It is practically difficult to obtain more than 2500 rpm in a 4-stroke diesel engine. Why?
:This is a good question, and it's not actually covered by the [[diesel engine]] article. According to [http://www.perkins.com/perkins/cda/articleDisplay/1,4094,7___32_____7_10020408,00.html this page on the Perkins diesel corporate site] it seems it's because it's more difficult to get the fuel-air mix into the cylinder in the right quantities and distribution for combustion than in a petrol engine, though the limiting factor is different for large diesels than small ones. Note that modern automotive diesels can generally do up to about 4500 rpm, and the very latest diesels (for instance, one in the upcoming Mercedes-Benz S-class) can do up to about 5000. --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 06:17, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
:My explaination is due to the compression ratio in a diesel the engine components need to be more robust than those in a gasoline engine and so are more massive. Also, I think diesel burns more slowly so it is harder to get more engine RPM.
==Water==
why is water clear
* Our [[Water]] article is quite detailed but doesn't explain this. However, this article seeks to explain the colour of liquid water [http://webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/5B.html]. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 06:53, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== aluminium ==
== Aluminium dross. ==
Aluminium Dross is a mass of solid impurities floating on a molten aluminium bath. It is caused due to oxidation of the metal. It can easily be skimmed off the surface before pouring the metal into a mold. What are the constituents of Aluminium dross ?
Ranjan
*I would say that the result of [[redox|oxidising]] [[aluminium]] in [[air]] would be primarily [[aluminium oxide]], but I'm not a chemist. [[User:Bovlb|Bovlb]] 07:12, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
*I am and I don't see any reason to disagree with you if aluminium gets oxidized you get aluminium oxide. - [[User:131.211.210.12|131.211.210.12]] 07:44, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
*If the dross is formed during the extraction of aluminium, it is quite impure, with significant amounts of [[magnesium]] and [[silicon]] oxides. If it is formed on the surface of pure molten aluminium, it should be pretty pure [[aluminium oxide]]. [[User:Physchim62|Physchim62]] 14:20, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== whom should we pay to register a ___domain ==
Why should we pay for registering a ___domain? To whom does that money go? For example, yahoo provides that service for $4.99.
If possible, tell me How much does yahoo take in that and who takes the rest?
:Because somebody has to maintain the root servers for the [[Domain name system]], and that costs money. Yahoo's margins on its business is almost certainly a secret, but given the number of companies offering an identical service it's likely to not be very big. Ah, the wonders of the free market. Shop around and find the cheapest price! ---[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 07:29, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
::More specifically, a handful of companies are taking millions of pounds per year to run the [[DNS]] services that used to be done by one person ([[Jon Postel]]?) on his spare PC. See [[Verisign]], [[ICANN]] and [[IANA]] for some of the companies involved, and a bit more about where the money goes. [[User:Ojw|Ojw]] 11:19, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== Pioneers of Adsense ==
Google has a program called Adsense in which they place text ads on other sites. Did they pioneer this idea? or did someone else pioneer this concept? I would also be interested in knowing who pioneered Adwords first. Was it overture?
* The concept of search based advertising was originally developed by Goto.com then Overture who became [[Yahoo! Search Marketing]] when acquired by [[Yahoo!]]. [[Google]] developed similar programs in 2000 as [[AdSense]] and [[AdWords]]. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 07:22, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== Msn TV / WEB TV and mouse ==
Why does a MSN TV or WEB TV does not have a mouse? Are TVs not cabable of supporting mouse OR is it for some other reason?
: In the early days of computing, we used a TV instead of the modern day computer monitor. Since then, both the standard digital devices and the analog TV have evolved dramatically, and the analog TV is being replaced by a digital TV. I have a hard time believing the mouse cannot be supported, since I used it on a variety of standard and non-standard screens of PCs and Ncs, so I figure the reason has got to be related to what they are marketing, and possibly not want to spend much money on tech support for different customers with different kinds of home devices. [[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 07:41, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
:Essentially, a [[Web TV]] is a small computer running special software that uses the TV for display and has an internet connection of some kind. Making a computer work with a mouse is a fairly trivial task which can be done for just about *any* computer and could certainly have been done for the little computer in the WebTV box. The reason why they didn't is probably because they thought that the users of WebTV would be sitting on the couch, and therefore the flat surface you need to operate the mouse would not be available. --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 07:39, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== What cause low pressure and high pressure at an area? ==
Can you tell me how the atmosphere pressure change at an area?What would probably cause the atmosphere pressure of an area change?Does the sunlight play the important role on it?Or else?
*See [[Atmospheric pressure]]: ''"'''Atmospheric pressure''' is the [[pressure]] above any area in the [[Earth|Earth's]] atmosphere caused by the weight of [[air]]."'' If the sun gets through that's probably because there's less clouds to obstruct its view (which would have an effect on pressure. That's why [[barometer]]s are used to predict [[weather]]. But the sun does not have a direct influence. - [[User:131.211.210.12|131.211.210.12]] 07:48, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== Density of Water ==
Why is the density of water 1 gm/cm^3? I have been under the impression that either the gram or the meter (I don't remember which) had been defined so this would be true at a certain temperature and pressure. Is this the case, or is it just a coincidence? [[User:Superm401|Superm401]] | [[User_talk:Superm401|Talk]] 07:45, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
*This is only true for [[standard conditions]]. If water freezes it gets a higher density. If it boils it's [[density]] goes down. The fact it's 1gram per cubic cm is pure coincidence. It's the [[weight]] and [[volume]] that were defined. - [[User:131.211.210.12|131.211.210.12]] 07:50, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
**I mentioned that I understood it was only true in a one case. However, it can't be both defined and a coincidence. Which is it? [[User:Superm401|Superm401]] | [[User_talk:Superm401|Talk]] 08:13, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
:A nit to pick. When water freezes it density is lower, this is why ice floats. Most materials are not like this.
:::The [[kg]] was originally defined as the mass of 1 l of water. So the density of water is 1 kg / dm^3, which is 1 g / cm^3. By the way, [[gram]] is abbreviated to 'g', not 'gm'. [[User:DirkvdM|DirkvdM]] 08:33, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
::::Thank you. So kilogram was originally defined that way, but no longer is? Also, thanks for the reminder about the gram abbreviation. I'm surprised I messed that one up. [[User:Superm401|Superm401]] | [[User_talk:Superm401|Talk]] 08:36, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
:The [[kilogram]] (see our article) was originally defined as the mass of 1 L of pure water at 4 degrees Celsius (water reaches its maximum density at this temperature) and under 1 atmosphere of pressure.
:Because it was difficult to work with a standard made of liquid water–the stuff sloshes about, evaporates, and leaks, and it's difficult to construct a standard 1 L container–the kilogram was officially defined in 1889 to be exactly equal to the mass of a particular platinum-iridium cylinder currently stored in Paris.
:The kilogram is the only [[SI|SI (metric)]] unit still defined in terms of an actual physical object. Other units (like the [[meter]] or the [[second]]) are defined in terms of specific measurable physical constants. (The meter, for instance, is defined as a fraction of the distance light travels in a second in a vacuum. The second is based on the frequency of a particular type of radiation.) This has generated problems—over the last hundred years, the standard kilogram has apparently ''gained'' a small amount of mass: about 50 micrograms. For highly precise measurements, such a change–about fifty parts per billion–is significant, and decidedly inconvenient. Scientists are now attempting to develop a new standard for the kilogram that doesn't depend on a physical artifact.
::Our article says it lost that amount(50 micrograms). Which is right(cite sources if possible)? [[User:Superm401|Superm401]] | [[User_talk:Superm401|Talk]] 14:26, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
:::Also, note for future readers: Light travels far more than a meter in a second. According to the definition of the meter, it travels 299,792,458. Still, I understood the point of the anon. [[User:Superm401|Superm401]] | [[User_talk:Superm401|Talk]] 14:28, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
:And just in case anyone cares, the meter started out as one ten-millionth of the distance from the North Pole to the Equator, along a meridian passing through Paris. So if someone asks you the circumference of the Earth, say "40,000 km". Okay, that's not exactly right, and it varies according to the great circle chosen, but it's darned close, as well as easy to remember. Similarly, as originally intended, the density of water is 1 gm/cm<sup>3</sup>. Again, not exactly right, and varying by temperature and pressure, but very close, and easily remembered. One of these that seems to be pretty much accidental, but has the same features of accuracy and memorability, is that the speed of light in a vacuum is 300,000 km/sec. — [[User:Nowhither|Nowhither]] 21:00, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
::Still easier to remember is that it's 1 billion km/h. That's about 8% off (it's actually 1,079,252,848.8 km/h) but a whole lot easier to remember (and it's in a more usual unit, km/h, which makes that part of it easier to remember - "well, it's 300,000 ehm ... something"). And for those who need such an easy way to remember it it doesn't matter much how accurate it is. As long as they're not off by a factor 100 or such :) . To stretch the point, it's better to know that the speed of light is about 1000 km/h than not to have a clue (even though it's over 20% off - it's 1225 km/h). And while I'm at it, for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit, in everyday situations don't bother with the x 9/5 + 32. Make that x 2 + 30. Much faster and fairly accurate for everyday temperatures. (it's precise for 10 C and 2 F off for 20 C (70 in stead of 68)). You could also remember that for every 5 C over 10 C you have to substract 2 F, but then it gets complicated again :) . [[User:DirkvdM|DirkvdM]] 12:25, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== About hurricans ==
How does each and every hurrican get its own name, say Katrina, Rita? Is it given randomly by some metrologist? [[User:Sendoh|S]] 07:56, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
* Our [[Tropical cyclone]] article explains the history of cyclone names. Currently, the [[World Meteorological Organisation]] maintains the naming system originally founded by [[Clement Wragge]] an Australian meteorologist. Our [[NOAA National Hurricane Center]] states that there is a six-year rotating list with the 2005 list due to be reused in 2011. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 08:16, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
* See [[Hurricane#Naming_of_tropical_cyclones]] specifically. [[User:Superm401|Superm401]] | [[User_talk:Superm401|Talk]] 08:19, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== are forces such as centrifugal and g forces, forms of energy ==
like the subject matter/heading says
Are forces such as centrifugal or G forces also forms of energy
:Energy and force are fundamentally different. Thank you. [[User:204.38.191.99|204.38.191.99]] 11:34, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
*See [[force]] and [[energy]]. - [[User:131.211.210.16|131.211.210.16]] 11:54, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
: [[Force]]s produce [[mechanical work|work]] ([[energy]]); work done over a period of time is [[power (physics)|power]]. Force may be measured in [[newton]]s (N), energy is commonly measured in [[joule]]s (J), and power is measured in [[watt]]s (W) or [[horsepower]] (hp).
: However, [[centrifugal force]] is not actually a force ''per se''. It is a [[fictitious force]], the effect of an object having a tendency to move in a straight line ([[inertia]]), but not being allowed to do so. The force applied to an object in [[circular motion]] is the [[centripetal force]], which pulls the object inward; however, the object has enough [[velocity]] to travel at a [[right angle]] ([[tangent]]ial) to this force, and travels "around" the inward force instead. If there was no centripetal force, the object would travel outward in a straight line along the tangent, but no force causes this outward motion.
: [[gee|G force]]s are ''also'' not forces. Again, they are caused by inertia — an object at rest will tend to stay at rest. So the answer to your question is '''yes''': inertia is [[mass]], and mass is [[E=mc²|equivalent]] to [[energy]]. {{User:Eequor/Signature/Syllabic}} 14:32, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
==BBE==
Hi everyone! ^^
I would like to ...advise...(something like that ^^') that I am from Quebec so my english is not perfect...
I'll begin by presenting myself if you want to understand why I'm searching for that.
I'm 17 yeras old and i'm in a School ..I dont know how to say that but I'm doing electronics in this school ^^'
A teacher gave me an homework and one of the question is : What is the definition of : BBE
Anyone are able to find what is the signification of this abreviation. Even the teacher is'nt able to find it, I cnat find it on the internet And all the information that I have is that:
-It's about electronics
-It's about the sound
-Apparently that in the defenition, there's a "Bradley" somewhere, but not sure.
It's all what I have founded... if someone have the definition this question...please write it here! ^^'
Thanks in advance
And sorry again for my...poor english ^^'
*The most electronics-related entry I can see at [http://www.acronymfinder.com/af-query.asp?String=exact&Acronym=BBE&Find=Find AcronymFinder] is "Broadband Equivalent". [http://www.acronymattic.com/results.aspx?q=BBE Acronym Attic] lists "Behringer Beyer"" and "Barcus Berry Electronics". There is also a company called [http://www.bbesound.com/ BBE Sound]. You may like to try the [[:fr:|French Wikipedia]]. [[User:Bovlb|Bovlb]] 15:33, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
==Second==
Why is the standard definition of the [[second]] based on the [[cesium]] [[atom]]? {{User:Eequor/Signature/Syllabic}} 14:37, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
:Based on [[atomic clock]], it appears to simply be that [[cesium]] was the element used in the first ''accurate'' atomic clock and became the ''de facto'' standard for such clocks. Atomic clocks themselves are used for their fine resolution and precision. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 15:04, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== define a body of water called a straight ==
:It's actually spelled [[strait]] in this context. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 15:00, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
::And here's your definition: [[wikt:strait]] —[[User:Cryptic|Cryptic]] [[User talk:Cryptic|(talk)]] 15:06, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
: [[Strait]]s are [[straight]] [[channel (geography)|channel]]s [[wikt:strait|strait]]ened as they are straught between [[landform|land]]. {{User:Eequor/Signature/Syllabic}} 15:10, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== What is the meaning of 'synthetic human' or a 'synthetic model' ? ==
What is the meaning of 'synthetic human' or a 'synthetic model' ?
Is it something like robots ?
I recently found this word in a website which says about future technologies.
:I have also occasionally seen this concept, but it is not defined in my encyclopaedia of Science Fiction Concepts ISBN 0-7867-0887-0
:Do you watch [[Star Trek]] enough to be familiar with the character called Data, who is like an [[android]]. There's all kinds of artificial life forms, some humanoid, in [[science fiction]] and I think the synthetic one pre-dates [[Isaac Asimov]] popularizing the concept of [[robots]]. [[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 18:49, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== Maths: Vectors ==
Hi everyone...
I'm currently working on a maths assignment (yr 12) and I am so stuck. This is the last question. I haven't got much clue.
C,OAB is a regular tetrahedron as shown where '''OA''' = a, '''OB''' = b, and '''OC''' = c.
G and K are the cenroids of faces OAB and OAC respectively.
1. Prove, using a vector method, that CG and BK intersect.
2. If H is the point of intersection of CG and BK find '''OH'''.
3. What ratio does H divide CG?
4. Prove that the altitudes of a tetrahedron are concurrent.
*Bold = vectors.
If anyone could help me that will be extremely helpful. Thank you so much.
- Cindy
*Well, you could start by noting that:
**In a [[regular polyhedron|regular]] [[tetrahedron]], the line joining the [[centroid]] of a face to the opposite vertex is [[perpendicular]] to that face (an [[altitude (triangle)|altitude]]), and passes through the centroid of the tetrahedron.
**A centroid can typically be determined by taking the [[mean]] of the defining points.
**Two lines intersect if their four defining points are [[coplanar]].
**Four points are coplanar precisely when the [[parallelopiped]] they define has volume zero.
**The voume of a parallelopiped can be calculated as the [[scalar triple product]] of its three edge vectors.
*Some or all of those may be useful to you. Good luck with your homework. [[User:Bovlb|Bovlb]] 20:03, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== What should I do with my Internet venture idea? ==
I am having a new idea for an Internet Venture.
But dont have a business plan. Just having the idea, thats all.
What should I do so right now?
:One first step you might consider is reading some books on starting your own business. You will find lots of them at your local library or in a bookstore. You might also enquire at your local [[community college]] whether they have a suitable short course on this topic; a friend of mine is in the process of doing just such a course. There may also be some government programs that assist people setting up small businesses. Good luck! --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 00:21, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== Moles ==
How many atoms are contained in 1 mole of Si (silicon) and how many molecules in 1 mole SiO2?
*The answer is the same in both cases: [[Avogadro's number]], about <math>6.022 \times 10^{23}</math>. -- [[User:DrBob|DrBob]] 15:58, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
:The reason for which is that a mole is a measure for the number of molecules (be they atoms or not). So no matter what substance you have, one mole of it has by definition the same amount of molecules. Of course the number of atoms in one mole of SiO2 is three times as high because one such molecule contains 3 atoms. But I'm diverging now. [[User:DirkvdM|DirkvdM]] 18:56, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
::''But I'm diverging now.'' I hate it when that happens! — [[User:Nowhither|Nowhither]] 21:03, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== fractal ==
: See [[fractal]]. --[[User:R.Koot|R.Koot]] 18:57, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== Where have all the dolphins gone? ==
What does the acquatic wildlife do during a hurricane? Do they swim deeper? Is there catastrophic loss of life?
Thank you.
:Most oceanic life just doesn't care; hurricanes and other weather patterns significantly affect the surface only. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 18:35, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
:: Dolphins, on the other hand, being air breathers, probably have a harder time of it. Interesting question, I don't know the answer. -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 05:33, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
:::Why would dolphins care either? There's still plenty of air around in the usual place. Unless they get sucked up by a tornado... [[User:Markalexander100|Mark]][[User talk:Markalexander100|<sup>1</sup>]] 07:52, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== Steel ==
my question is 'What is steel' i no it is a metal but what is it!
Please answer my question a.s.a.p
Thankyou :D Anon (please)
:Have you read our article on [[steel]]? — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 18:33, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
::(Also, rather than posting 3 similar questions, you can scroll to the bottom of the page and edit the first one) — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 18:37, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
:You could also try our article on [[alloy]]s. [[User:Physchim62|Physchim62]] 14:24, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== how often do eclipses happen? ==
: See [[eclipse]], [[lunar eclipse]] and [[solar eclipse]]. --[[User:R.Koot|R.Koot]] 18:56, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== how old are the great redwoods of california? ==
: See [[Redwood_National_and_State_Parks]]. --[[User:R.Koot|R.Koot]] 18:55, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== geology question ==
an adjective describing a liquid in which ions, atoms or molecules dissolved in it are so numerous they get close enough to chemically bond is called?
*
...a homework problem. --[[User:Jpgordon|jpgordon]][[User talk:Jpgordon|∇∆∇∆]] 21:04, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
:No idea, but it strikes me as being in the field of ''chemistry'', not geology. — [[User:Nowhither|Nowhither]] 21:05, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
:I'd go with [[solvent]], because ions dissolved in any solution are close enough to bond. That is how [[precipitate|precipitation]] caused by [[Single displacement reaction]]s occurs, for a start. [[User:Superm401|Superm401]] | [[User_talk:Superm401|Talk]] 21:44, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== Volume of the Proton ==
Matter is defined as occupying space and having mass. A proton must be matter since tangible matter is composed of protons in addition to other subatomic particles, and moreover the proton has mass (1.6726 × 10−27 kg, according to your article about the proton). So, a proton must occupy space. What, then, is the volume of a proton? Furthermore, what is the volume of the neutron, the electron, and so on?
:[http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/xte/learning_center/ASM/ns.html] has a writeup on [[neutron]]s:
::''the volume of a neutron is approximately 5.6 x 10<sup>-54</sup> km<sup>3</sup>''
:I would expect [[proton]]s are similar; however, it increasingly appears that protons and neutrons aren't "solid" objects ''per se'', but rather a collection of quarks which themselves can move about somewhat. [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/proton.html] [[Electron]]s are even less suited to discussions of volume as their positions are discussed in probabilistic terms only (I believe the [[Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle]] is the reason for this). — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 20:41, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
::Sounds fine, although I must say that, when measuring the volume of a subatomic particle, the cubic kilometer is probably not the most appropriate unit. — [[User:Nowhither|Nowhither]] 21:08, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
: I suspect these all have [[densities]] similar to [[neutronium]], or 10{{sup|14}} to 10{{sup|15}}[[gram|g]]/[[cubic centimeter|cm³]]. This would give:
<div align="center">
{| {{prettytable}}
|-
! Particle || Mass (g) || Volume (cm³)
|-
| [[Electron]]
| 9.1094 × 10{{sup|−28}}
| 9.1094 × 10{{sup|-42-3}}
|-
| [[Proton]]
| 1.6726 × 10{{sup|−24}}
| 1.6726 × 10{{sup|-38-9}}
|-
| [[Neutron]]
| 1.6749 × 10{{sup|-24}}
| 1.6749 × 10{{sup|-38-9}}
|-
|}
</div>
: ...which at least agrees with [[NASA]]'s neutron volume (though one wonders why anyone would describe particles in [[cubic kilometer]]s). However, except for the neutron, it's probably impossible to find the true densities, due to the extreme difficulty of accumulating enough [[electric charge|charged]] [[subatomic particle|particles]] in one ___location to measure.
: The electron seems like it may be somewhat denser, since it is only one particle while the proton and neutron are composed of three [[quark]]s. Also, it is sometimes claimed to be a charged [[black hole]] (see [[black hole electron]]), which, if correct, would presumably give it a [[Schwarzschild radius]] of 1.3526 × 10{{sup|-57}}[[meter|m]], a volume of 1.0366 × 10{{sup|-170}}m³, and a density of 8.7879 × 10{{sup|136}}g/cm³, assuming objects smaller than the [[Planck length]] can exist. {{User:Eequor/Signature/Syllabic}} 20:58, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
It would be interesting to compare the density of [[quark star]]s. Does anyone know what the [[Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit]] is? {{User:Eequor/Signature/Syllabic}} 21:40, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
== printing ==
How would i make the handwrite on a new written postcard look old?
:Use [[sepia]] ink and a [[copperplate]] hand. Then let the thing sit in the sun for a few weeks. --[[User:Jpgordon|jpgordon]][[User talk:Jpgordon|∇∆∇∆]] 21:34, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
:You could also try soaking it in [[tea]] for that brown, aged look. --[[User:Sum0|Sum0]] 20:37, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
:Baking it carefully at a reasonably low temperature works very well. [[User:Superm401|Superm401]] | [[User_talk:Superm401|Talk]] 20:44, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== Earliest Fossil Egg ==
Where was the earliest fossil egg found?
-anon
As yet, we do not have an article on [[Fossil eggs]] nor does our fossil article provide much detail. However, these articles by ''The San Francisco Chronicle'' on dinosaur fossil eggs [http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/07/29/MNGEKDVRL31.DTL&type=printable] and the ''National Geographic'' on bird fossil eggs [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/10/1021_041021_bird_embryo.html] should be of some assistance to you. I have added Fossil eggs to [[Wikipedia:Requested Articles]] so that someone can write an article on this topic. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 00:08, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== which part of the tree contains live wood? ==
* Depends on the tree, but potentially all of it. -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 05:34, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
**Well, it ''does'' depend on the tree, but most "normal" trees (not, for example, palm trees) have living cells in the outer sections of their trunks (except the bark) and dead cells in the interior and the bark.<p>Details: There is a thin, roughly cylindrical shell called the ''vascular cambium'', which is where a tree does its growing. The outside of the cambium produces new ''phloem'' cells, which do "food" transport. The inside of the cambium produces new ''xylem'' cells, which do water & nutrient transport from the roots. Old phloem gets shed with the bark, but old xylem just sticks around, forming a core made of dead cells that provides structural support to the tree. Most trees add a new layer of xylem each year. The old dead xylem layers are the rings one can see on a stump.<p>It appears to little-old-nonexpert-me that this ability to make a single, strong core out of dead xylem is probably one of the main factors that allows trees to grow so tall. Lots of plants have this phloem/cambium/xylem structure, but in many of the smaller ones, the cambium does not form a single large cylinder, but rather many small ones (''vascular bundles''). Thus, the xylem is scattered and strength is lost. I imagine this is one reason you will never see (say) a celery tree. On the other hand, the multiple bundles probably allow for faster growth ("growing like a weed"). Interestingly, palm trees have the multiple vascular bundles, but can still form large, strong trunks.<p>Much of this is hinted at in our [[tree]] and [[xylem]] articles, but never quite stated. Maybe it should be.<p>— [[User:Nowhither|Nowhither]] 00:14, 24 September 2005 (UTC)
== Any Airsofters in the LA county area? ==
Any Airsofters in the LA county area?
:Oh [[Jesus Christ]]. Is the concept of the Reference Desk that dense and foreign to some people? [[User:Garrett Albright|Garrett Albright]] 12:21, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
:That's a valid question, just not the kind you want to answer. [[User:Superm401|Superm401]] | [[User_talk:Superm401|Talk]] 13:44, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
*It's an easy question to answer, and perfectly valid. Given the huge population of LA, and the burgeoning popularity of Airsoft, the answer is indubitably, "Yes". --[[User:Jpgordon|jpgordon]][[User talk:Jpgordon|∇∆∇∆]] 14:38, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== Electron - Proton ==
What we have been taught is that electron revolves around a proton because of electromagnetic force of attraction. But this force is same for both the electron and proton. This is when we neglect other forces like Gravitation since it is only 1/100 th times of electromagnetic force acting. Then why do electrons revolve around the protons instead protons can move around an electron??
:Yes, the force on the two is the same (in accord with Newton's third). However, the proton is 2000 times more massive that the electron, so it remains relatively stationary. Just like the Earth orbiting the Sun, both objects actually orbit the center of mass, but the center of mass is closer to the more massive body. In both cases, the more massive body is so much more massive, that you can often neglect the massive body's revolution. -[[User:Lethe|Lethe]] | [[User talk:Lethe|Talk]] 02:24, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
::Isn't it a bit 'oldfashioned' to think of an electron evolving around the nucleus? This is 'particle-thinking', but elementary particles can also be seen as waves. I envision electrons and other 'particles' as sort of pulsating three-dimensional waves. Lomn mentions in 'Volume of the proton' above, that the position of electrons can only be expressed in probablistic terms. If the electron can als be seen as revolving around the nucleus then I can only rhyme all this together by seeing the electron as occupying the same space (on average) as the nucleus, just covering a wider area. So the amplitude of the wave would have to be (much) bigger. If I'm talking gibberish feel free point that out to me :) . [[User:DirkvdM|DirkvdM]] 14:00, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
:::When one starts discussing particles as small as this, the distinction between particle and wave mechanics gets blurred, since both properties can be present when quantum effects present themselves. Discussing it in probablistic terms is one way of expressing it, but there is a mode of thought that a paricle really occupies a 'quantum area' of space and exists everywhere in that space simultaneously, whereas probablistic theory suggests it has a chance of being at an point based upon a formula.
::It is a bit "old-fashioned", yes, but it is not too far from the truth. "Electrons evolve around a positively-charged nucleus, to which the are attracted by Coulombic (electrostatic) forces" is a correct statement: they just don't obey [[Kepler's laws]]... [[User:Physchim62|Physchim62]] 14:32, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
:::It is old-fashioned (which doesn't stop almost every physics student from doing the calculation at some point), but the principle still applies. When treating the proton and electron as a [[two-body problem]], you can reduce it to a [[one-body problem]] with a [[reduced mass]] orbiting about the center of mass. Since the electron is so much smaller than the proton, the reduced mass is basically the electron mass, and the center of mass is basically the proton position, so you're basically solving a problem with a stationary proton.
:::When you actually treat the situation [[quantum mechanic]]ally, it turns out that you can make the same transforms (it's the same potential afterall), and you end up solving a ''quantum mechanical'' problem of a reduced mass in a symmetric potential about the center of mass. So although the result is different, you can make some of the same conclusions: that the proton is relatively unaffected and that the solutions for the wavefunction of the reduced mass will basically be the wavefunction (orbitals) of the electron. There's more information at [[hydrogen atom]] and [[hydrogen-like atom]]. — [[User:Laurascudder|Laura Scudder]] | [[User talk:Laurascudder|Talk]] 14:32, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
==Wintergreen [[LifeSavers]]==
Why do wintergreen lifesavers "spark" when chewed?
---[[User:12.37.12.134|12.37.12.134]]
--[[User:12.37.12.134|12.37.12.134]] 02:29, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
It appears to be a form of [[triboluminescence]]. [http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/dec99/945895598.Ch.r.html This] seems a useful explanation.-[[User:Gadfium|gadfium]] 03:40, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== The American roulette? ==
If two persons both eat the same amount of beef each and every day from the same large pool of cattles, which person is more likely to get mad cow disease in the long run?
# Mr. A: Eat hamburgers made from grinding and mixing many many many cattles' meat.
# Mr. B: Buy a frozen cattle carcass each time and eat the dead body from head to tail.
I guess Mr. A's risk is much higher than Mr. B's. But could it be possible that by mixing a few thousand dead cattle's meat at a time, the concentration of bad prion would become too low to be threatening? -- [[User:Toytoy|Toytoy]] 03:38, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
:In the UK, it's thought those who got vCJD generally got it through hamburgers and the like. Bad slaughtering practices are much more problematic when you don't do it yourself and then mince the remains to cover any mistakes... [[User:Shimgray|Shimgray]] 11:56, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
:I would agree that it's Mr. A because the smallest piece of meat you can realistically grind is still probably large enough to contain millions of prions. [[User:Superm401|Superm401]] | [[User_talk:Superm401|Talk]] 13:41, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
:: OK, I know you can't use meat puree to make a good hamburger. A piece of hamburger, in theory, may ''only'' have hundreds of cattles' meat in it. Then how about sausages such as hot dogs? These products are manufactured in very big factorie (lots of cattles), the meat is pulverized and then thoroughly mixed. Does it make franks more dangerous than hamburgers? -- [[User:Toytoy|Toytoy]] 14:05, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
:::More cows means more dilution, so the amount of germs you ingest may be below some threshold. I've heard that in order to get malaria you have to get bitten by an infected mosquito several times (don't know how many and over what period of time). Mad cow disease might be completely different though. Just a consideration. [[User:DirkvdM|DirkvdM]] 14:20, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
::::Look again at what I said above. A grinder(not blender) probably outputs shreds of meat that are maybe about, say, half a gram. I don't know how many prions could fit in that, but I'm pretty sure it's 100s of 1000s. I think that's enough to infect you. Then again, I could be wrong. But there's my argument. [[User:Superm401|Superm401]] | [[User_talk:Superm401|Talk]] 20:48, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
::Difficult to say, because we don't know the level of infectiousness of the prion involved, but my feeling would be that route A is more hazardous (for the reasons discussed above). [[User:Physchim62|Physchim62]] 14:37, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
:#1 is eating many many cattle over a long period of time. #2 is eating one cattle over a long period of time. Assuming every cow you eat has an equal chance of having bad prions in it (big, artificial assumption), it would seem that #1 would be more statistically more hazardous. --[[User:Fastfission|Fastfission]] 22:51, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== Oil ==
For some reason, my face is always oily, why does this happen and is there a way of preventing it from happening?
Thanks,
Tasha
:The simple answer is that skin oils help protect your body against attack by microorganisms. Excess production can be due to many factors that vary greatly from person to person, including, but not limited to, diet, exercise, climate, medical conditions, and ethnicity. I think it would be a good idea to talk about this with your family doctor, who is more knowledgeable about your circumstances than we are.--[[User:Inkypaws|inks]] 06:56, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== What is evolution? ==
:See [[evolution]]. - [[User:Fredrik|Fredrik]] | [[User talk:Fredrik|talk]] 04:59, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== Bermuda Triangle ==
What is Bermuda Triangle?
* See [[Bermuda Triangle]]. -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 05:36, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== branded product marketing ==
== Quarks ==
Are there important differences between [[atomic nuclei]] and [[quark matter]] such as [[quark-gluon plasma]]? How can it be experimentally determined that a nucleus is composed of distinct [[nucleon]]s? {{User:Eequor/Signature/Syllabic}} 05:33, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== australian native animals ==
where is the emu found in australia?
:Throughout most of it. See [http://www.amonline.net.au/birds/factsheets/emu.htm]--[[User:Inkypaws|inks]] 06:46, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
:Or you could try our article on [[emu]]s, which has a picture representing their range. --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]]
::Although generally not in metropolitan areas, I've never seen an emu near the city, so generally rural areas on the map at [[emu]]. --[[User:Commander Keane|Commander Keane]] 10:50, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
==Why does wind gust?==
I know that wind is caused by air movements from areas of different pressure - and the closer these areas of different pressure are to each other the stronger the wind it. I also think I know that its the rotation of the earth that stops it all evening out into one average pressure area. I don't understand though why the windspeeds are not constant but they gust - sometimes much more than others? [[User:Thryduulf|Thryduulf]] 08:10, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
:Because pressures are not a constant, even in a given ___location at a particular time of year. [[Chaos theory|Chaotic]] variations in temperature and water vapor concentrations mean pressures are always changing as well. This in turn results in varying windspeeds. [[User:Superm401|Superm401]] | [[User_talk:Superm401|Talk]] 13:35, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== Does it cause cancer? ==
My friend asked me an uncertain question concerning blood clotting (coagulation), so I got Wiki to help him solve his question, here it is: Does it cause cancer (anything cancer, like blood cancer etc) if sb had serious blood clotting?
*Excessive blood clotting is certainly a problem, but as far as I know it doesn't cause cancer. Cancers are malignant cells with excessive growth and even they need an uninterrupted blood flow to deliver nutrients to their cells. So I would say serious coagulation is just as bad for cancers as it is for normal tissue. See [[Cancer]] and [[Leukemia]] and for more info. - [[User:131.211.210.12|131.211.210.12]] 11:13, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
**Even if excessive blood clotting -did- lead to cancer, you would not live long enough for it to grow to any significant size. You would almost certainly die of a heart attack or stroke not long after blood clots started forming in your circulatory system.--[[User:Inkypaws|inks]] 12:05, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
:''Usually'' the causal relationship runs the other way—a cancer that affects the blood-forming tissue of the body (the [[bone marrow]]) leads to over- or under-proliferation of [[megakaryocyte]]s–cells that turn into [[platelet]]s and cause clotting–leading to clotting disorders.
:Large tumours secrete chemical signals that drive [[angiogenesis]]:the formation of new blood vessels. (Without a blood supply, cells at the center of a large tumour don't receive sufficient nutrients and oxygen, and the tumour stops growing.) These new blood vessels tend to be irregularly formed and tortuous in shape; the blood flow in them is turbulent and disordered. This turbulent flow tends to encourage clot formation; those clots can be dislodged and cause trouble elsewhere in the body.
:Also, there is a correlation between [[deep vein thrombosis]] or [[pulmonary embolism]] (blood clots in the deep veins of the leg and clots in the lung, respectively) and diagnosis (recent past or future) with cancer. The mechanism for this is not well understood (as far as I know) but probably has to do with clotting stimulated by inflammation of tissue around the tumour site.
:So to answer your question—no, clots probably don't cause cancer. Cancer, however, can cause clots. [[User:TenOfAllTrades|TenOfAllTrades]]([[User_talk:TenOfAllTrades|talk]]) 13:27, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== Example tutorial of TI-92PLUS ==
Do anybody know about the usage of TI-92PLus?I recently given a assignment which want me to write a programme by using this calculator.If possible,please give me some examples or tutorial of the programme?Is there any websites related to the programming of this calculator too?Thanks.
:I suggest you start by reading the manual, if it's anything like the one for the TI-83 Plus, you'll find plenty of examples in there. --[[User:Pidgeot|Pidgeot]] <small>[[User_talk:Pidgeot|(t)]] [[Special:Contributions/Pidgeot|(c)]] [[Special:Emailuser/Pidgeot|(e)]]</small> 13:42, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== Help using Internet explorer ==
I am using Internet explorer.
All these days, I used to download pages, disconnect, and view pages later.
But suddenly, for the last ten days, when I close the browser windows and open it later, I cant view pages offline. It says 'page not available offline'. What should I do?
I tried by going to Internet options, but after that dont know what to do.
Please help.
:Your cache may be filled. Try clearing it through Internet Options, as well as verifying that its settings are correct.
:Alternatively, you can use Save As to save a (temporary) copy of the page to yuor harddrive so you can view it from there after you disconnect. --[[User:Pidgeot|Pidgeot]] <small>[[User_talk:Pidgeot|(t)]] [[Special:Contributions/Pidgeot|(c)]] [[Special:Emailuser/Pidgeot|(e)]]</small> 17:20, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== what exactly is a buckeye ==
:Have you checked [[buckeye]]? In the context of [[The Ohio State University|Ohio State]], it refers to the first entry in the disambiguation. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 17:54, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== Thunder/lightening ==
I have read both the articles related to this subject but I'm still not sure about one thing. Can thunder occur without the presence of lightning, and visa versa. Thanks, DEE
:[[Lightning]] causes [[thunder]], so as a general rule, no and no. However, many things other than lightning can cause sounds similar to thunder ([[explosion]]s, [[sonic boom]]s, and so forth) and it's not always possible to observe both lightning and thunder at once. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 18:24, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== Austim and Music Therapy ==
I am looking for any information on the treatment of autistic children through music therapy. Anything about it's effectiveness, methods, etc, would be incredibly helpful. I would also like to find any information disagreeing with this method. Thank you so much.
anon
*I don't know the answer to your question, but hopefully you can find something by reading our article on [[autism]] and the [[list of autism-related topics]]. I believe there are several Wikipedians with a special personal interest in autism, so that area has received some attention. [[User:Bovlb|Bovlb]] 19:39, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== Genetic Engineered Food ==
Seems to me the risks far outweigh the benefits, yet USA Agribusiness is gung ho headed that way. Am I missing something, or is there a failure of government oversight of a business area that does not give good enough lip service to quality of safety?
Risks:
* Many nations want grain, and animal products from grairi, where there was no genetic engineering. The USA is no longer able to serve those markets, because of massive contamination, and inability to police the contamination. For example, a farmer who tries to make the pure product, cannot, because contamination is freely in the winds that other farms "breathe." Thus, as genetically engineered byproducts filter down the food chain, the USA locks itself out of more global markets.
* Today in much of South and Central America, and southern states of USA, there is a real serious problem with [[Killer Bees]]. This is a man made problem, that came about thanks to experiments in breeding a better honey producer, but the experiment had very negative consequences.
* Once upon a time, there was Mad Sheep disease ([[Scrapie]]) caused by short cuts in managing food supply in agriculture, which spread to cattle, so then there was [[Mad Cow]] disease, then there were experiments to try to understand this using Deer in captivity, deliberately given the disease so that we had [[Mad Deer]], but due to the experimenters not understanding how the disease could spread, the Mad Deer in captivity licked fences, which were also licked by Wild Deer at edges of the enclosures, so now Mad Deer was in the wild, and eventually spread to all of North America, which gave the disease back to animals in agriculture, such as pigs, and to the animals that eat Deer, such as mountain lions. So we are on a collision course with a worse disaster, fueled by efforts to do cost savings in agriculture, with government oversight that is driven by rear view mirror to past disasters, rather than oversight of theories about future risks.
Benefits:
* When there is a wide range of quality of animals producing eggs milk meat, whatever, this is a breeding technique to make copies of those that are the best.
* Genetic engineering, cloning, and Transgenetics is a real cool thing to do. Any company that announces successes will get oodles of money from venture capitalists who think there's lots more profits down the road from this.
* Ok, we know there are major disasters down the road, but we can still make oodles of profits capitalizing on the industry that is exploring this high risk area, then hopefully get out of the business, before the disasters put them out of business.
[[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 22:40, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
== why is the sky blue ==
== -1=1 ==
A "proof" for the idea that -1=1 was posted on your page about the imaginary number i. I have replicated it in this question for quicker reference:
-1=i*i=sqrt(-1)*sqrt(-1)=sqrt(-1*-1)=sqrt(1)=1
However, your page says that this is incorrect because square roots only work for real, positive numbers. Your page on the number -1 says that -1^2/2=-1 and sqrt(-1^2)=1 therefore 1 cannot equal -1. However, a friend of mine says that this is incorrect because sqrt(-1^2)=sqrt(-1) though -1^2=1; I have written to you in order to resolve this dispute.
Thank you for your time and patience.
| 