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{{About|1=Călărași, Moldova|2=other uses|3=Călărași (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Short description|Town in Călărași District, Moldova}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available-->
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info ---------------->
|name =Călărași <!-- at least one of the first two fields must be filled in -->
|official_name =
|other_name = Kalarash,<ref name="Kenvin">{{cite web |last1=Kenvin |first1=Helene |title=LOCATION OF KALARASH |url=https://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/calarasi/Location.html |website=kehilalinks.jewishgen.org |publisher=JewishGen |access-date=23 April 2023}}</ref> Tuzora<ref name="JVL">{{cite web |title=Kalarash |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/kalarash |website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org |publisher=The Gale Group |access-date=23 April 2023}}</ref>
|native_name = <!-- if different from the English name -->
|nickname =
|settlement_type = <!-- e.g. Town, Village, City, etc.-->
|total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
|motto =
<!-- images and maps ----------->
|image_skyline = Railway terminal, Calarasi (Moldova).jpg
|imagesize = 200px
|image_caption = Călărași railway station
|image_flag =Flag_of_Călărași_(Moldova).jpg
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|image_shield =CoA_of_Călărași_(Moldova).jpg
|shield_size =
|image_blank_emblem =
|blank_emblem_type =
|blank_emblem_size =
|image_map =
|mapsize =
|map_caption =
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|image_dot_map =
|dot_mapsize =
|dot_map_caption =
|dot_x = |dot_y =
|pushpin_map =Moldova<!-- the name of a ___location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
|pushpin_label = Călărași
|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
|pushpin_map_caption =Location within Moldova
|pushpin_mapsize =
<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{MDA}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Counties of Moldova|County]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Călărași District]]
|subdivision_type2 =
|subdivision_name2 =
<!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government -->
|seat_type =
|seat =
|parts_type =
|parts_style = <!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format)
Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5-->
|parts = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list -->
|p1 =
|p2 = <!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed-->
<!-- Politics ----------------->
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
|leader_name1 =
|established_title = <!-- Settled -->
|established_date =
<!-- Area --------------------->
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric-->
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = 42,3
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent =
<!-- Elevation -------------------------->
|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use<ref> </ref> tags-->
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
|elevation_max_m =
|elevation_max_ft =
|elevation_min_m =
|elevation_min_ft =
<!-- Population ----------------------->
|population_as_of = [[2014 Moldovan Census|2014]]
|population_footnotes = <ref>[http://www.statistica.md/pageview.php?l=en&idc=479 Results of Population and Housing Census in the Republic of Moldova in 2014]: {{cite web | url= http://www.statistica.md/public/files/Recensamint/Recensamint_pop_2014/Rezultate/Tabele/Caracteristici_populatie_Comune_RPL_2014_rom_rus_eng.xls | title= Characteristics – Population (population by communes, religion, citizenship) | publisher= [[National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova]] | format= XLS | year=2017 | accessdate = 2017-05-01}}</ref>
|population_note =
|population_total = 10808
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
<!-- General information --------------->
|timezone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset = +2
|timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +3
|coor_type = <!-- can be used to specify what the coordinates refer to -->
|coordinates = {{coord|47|15|N|28|18|E|region:MD|display=inline}}<ref name="Kenvin"/>
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type = <!-- Postal code -->
|postal_code =
|area_code =
|website =
|blank_name =<!-- [[Car plates]] -->
|blank_info =
|blank1_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
|blank1_info = [[Humid continental climate#Mild/cool summer subtype|Dfb]]
|footnotes =
}}
'''Călărași''' ({{IPA|ro|kələˈraʃʲ|-|Ro-Călărași.ogg}}) is a town in [[Moldova]], founded in 1848.
Long ago, the word "călărași" meant "horsemen" (today the word is "călăreți"). The name of Călărași was inspired by a legend which tells that once, when [[Stephen III of Moldavia]] fought the Ottomans, he ordered a regiment of horsemen to stand guard. They fought the Ottomans, sacrificed themselves and, finally, won the battle.
Călărași was historically a [[Hassidic]] Jewish town: 4,593, or 89% of the population, were Jewish occupants in 1897.<ref name="JVL"/> In 1905, 60 Jews were killed, 300 were injured and over 200 houses were burned down as part of the wave of Russian [[pogroms]]. Many of the survivors fled to nearby [[Chișinău]] or emigrated to [[Romania]], [[Austria]], [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] and [[the United States]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=Yaakov Chiplester |title=The Terrible Bloody Kalarasher Pogrom |url=https://www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/kalarash/kal333.html |website=JewishGen |access-date=23 April 2023 |date=1906}}</ref> In 1930, 3,631 residents (76% of the population) were Jewish. The Jewish community had welfare organizations, a hospital, a [[Talmud Torah]] and a library among other community facilities.<ref name="JVL"/>
In 2018, Dumitru Grosei released an ethnographic documentary in Romanian called "Călărași – A Land by the Gate of Heaven" focused on the town's cultural history and folklore.<ref>{{cite web |title=CĂLĂRAȘI - A LAND BY THE GATE OF HEAVEN - won the Zlatna IEFF 2018 Trophy! |url=http://alternative-cinema.com/en/5442-2 |website=Alternative Cinema |access-date=23 April 2023 |date=13 August 2018}}</ref>
The city is the administrative center of [[Călărași District]]; it also administers one village, Oricova.
==Demographics==
According to the [[Moldovan Census (2014)|2014 census]], the population of Călărași amounted to 10,808 inhabitants, a decrease compared to the previous census in 2004, when 14,660 inhabitants were registered. Of these, 5,105 were men and 5,703 were women.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://recensamint.statistica.md/ro/dissemination/person/e4807834012f253392148c5bfdcb8020|title=2014 Moldova Census of Population and Housing|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova }} {{in lang|ro|ru|en}}</ref>
<div style="float:left">
{{Pie chart
|thumb=left
|caption=Ethnic composition of Călărași (2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://recensamint.statistica.md/ro/dissemination/person/f9f0cd50df8a94019fc0391c61b96f3b|title=2014 Moldova Census of Population and Housing|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova }} {{in lang|ro|ru|en}}</ref>
|label1=[[Moldovans]]*|value1=78.09|color1=#8A2BE2
|label2=[[Romanians]]|value2=15.66|color2=#8080ff
|label3=[[Russians in Moldova|Russians]]|value3=2.76|color3=#c08080
|label4=[[Ukrainians in Moldova|Ukrainians]]|value4=2.36|color4=#ffff80
|label5=Others|value5=1.13|color5=#9f9f9f}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb=right
|caption=:Linguistic composition of Călărași (2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://recensamint.statistica.md/ro/dissemination/person/5438361912d394a4650e9d40cef63c78|title=2014 Moldova Census of Population and Housing|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova }} {{in lang|ro|ru|en}}</ref>
|label1=[[Moldovan language|Moldovan]]*|value1=51.83|color1=#8A2BE2
|label2=[[Romanian language|Romanian]]|value2=41.11|color2=#8080ff
|label3=[[Russian language|Russian]]|value3=5.44|color3=#c08080
|label4=[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]|value4=0.90|color4=#ffff80
|label5=Other|value5=0.72|color5=#9f9f9f}}
</div>
''Footnotes'':
'''*''' ''There is an [[Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova|ongoing controversy]] regarding the ethnic identification of Moldovans and Romanians.''
'''*''' ''Moldovan language is one of the two local names for the [[Romanian language]] in Moldova. In 2013, the [[Constitutional Court of Moldova]] interpreted that Article 13 of the constitution is superseded by the Declaration of Independence,<ref name="const-court">{{cite news | title = Hotărâre Nr. 36 din 05.12.2013 privind interpretarea articolului 13 alin. (1) din Constituție în corelație cu Preambulul Constituției și Declarația de Independență a Republicii Moldova (Sesizările nr. 8b/2013 și 41b/2013) | publisher = Constitutional Court of Moldova | quote = 124. ... Prin urmare, Curtea consideră că prevederea conținută în Declarația de Independență referitoare la limba română ca limbă de stat a Republicii Moldova prevalează asupra prevederii referitoare la limba moldovenească conținute în articolul 13 al Constituției. | trans-quote = 124. ... Therefore, the Court considers that the provision contained in the Declaration of Independence regarding the Romanian language as the state language of the Republic of Moldova prevails over the provision regarding the Moldovan language contained in Article 13 of the Constitution. | language = ro | url = http://constcourt.md/download.php?file=cHVibGljL2NjZG9jL2hvdGFyaXJpL3JvLWhfMzZfMjAxM19yby5wZGY%3D | access-date = 20 December 2013 | archive-date = 5 March 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305051137/http://constcourt.md/download.php?file=cHVibGljL2NjZG9jL2hvdGFyaXJpL3JvLWhfMzZfMjAxM19yby5wZGY%3D | url-status = live }}</ref> thus giving official status to the name ''Romanian''.<ref name="foxnews">{{Cite news |date=2013-12-05 |title=Moldovan court rules official language is 'Romanian', replacing Soviet-flavored 'Moldovan' |work=[[Fox News]] |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/moldovan-court-rules-official-language-is-romanian-replacing-soviet-flavored-moldovan/ |access-date=2013-12-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209102718/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/12/05/moldovan-court-rules-official-language-is-romanian-replacing-soviet-flavored |archive-date=2013-12-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.rferl.org/content/moldova-romanian-official-language/25191455.html| title=Chisinau Recognizes Romanian As Official Language| newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty| date=5 December 2013| access-date=11 March 2014| archive-date=23 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923021555/http://www.rferl.org/content/moldova-romanian-official-language/25191455.html| url-status=live}}</ref>''
{{Historical populations
|type =
|footnote =
|1959 | 5725
|1970 | 13918
|1979 | 16207
|[[Soviet Census (1989)|1989]] | 18326
|[[Moldovan Census (2004)|2004]] | 14660
|[[Moldovan Census (2014)|2014]]| 10808
}}
== International relations ==
{{Main|List of twin towns and sister cities in Moldova}}
=== Twin towns – Sister cities ===
Călărași is [[town twinning|twinned]] with:
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Călărași]], Romania
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Further reading ==
* [http://www.rtrfoundation.org/webart/KALARASH.pdf Kalarash/Calarasi] (pp. 362–363) at [[Miriam Weiner (genealogist)|Miriam Weiner's]] [[Routes to Roots Foundation]]
== External links ==
* {{JewishGen-LocalityPage|2276195|Călăraşi, Moldova}}
{{Coord|47|15|N|28|18|E|region:MD_type:city|display=title}}
{{Călărași District, Moldova}}
{{AdminCitiesMoldova}}
{{Spa towns in Moldova}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Calarasi, Moldova}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Moldova]]
[[Category:1432 establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:Orgeyevsky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Lăpușna County (Romania)]]
[[Category:Ținutul Nistru]]
[[Category:Historic Jewish communities in Moldova]]
[[Category:Călărași District]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]
{{CălăraşiMD-geo-stub}}
{{Jewish-hist-stub}}
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