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#REDIRECT [[Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States#Jap hunts]]
[[Image:JapaneseAmericanGrocer1942.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A Japanese American unfurled this banner the day after the Pearl Harbor attack. This [[Dorothea Lange]] photograph was taken in March 1942, just prior to the [[Japanese American internment]].]]
After the [[Pearl Harbor]] attacks, much anti-Japanese paraphernalia and propaganda surfaced in the United States. An example of this was the so-called "'''Jap hunting''' license", a faux-official document, button or medallion that purported to authorize "open season" on "hunting" the Japanese, despite the fact that over a quarter of a million Americans at that time were of Japanese origin. Some reminded holders that there was "no limit" on the number of "Japs" they could "hunt or trap". These "licenses" often characterized Japanese people as sub-human. Many of the “Jap Hunting Licenses”, for example, depicted the Japanese in animalistic fashion.<ref>Boggs, Jeremy. Open Season. 06 Mar. 2004. 15 Oct. 2007. <http://clioweb.org/openseason/index.html> </ref>
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These documents may illustrate the extreme anger which many Americans felt following the Imperial Japanese [[sneak attack]] on Pearl Harbor; the Imperial Japanese-ordered [[Bataan Death March]] of U.S. and Filipino POWs, in which many died; the utter disregard that the Imperial Japanese showed towards the Western practices of treating prisoners of war humanely; the widely-documented abuse of captured Allied female nationals as "[[comfort women]]", or sexual slaves, by the Imperial Japanese Army; the use of Allied POWs as slave labor on starvation rations; and the periodic reports of Imperial Japanese atrocities upon the Chinese, such as the [[Rape of Nanking]], or acts such as the Imperial Japanese Army, including the [[contest to kill 100 people using a sword]] in China, or the actions of [[Unit 731]], including the [[vivisection]] of Allied POWs. This anger was certainly accelerated by the racism of the time, but arguably had a basis in Imperial Japanese actions, which were ethically, by Western standards, massively depraved and few steps above utter barbarism.
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Against Japan, Americans often saw themselves fighting a "nameless mass of vermin."[http://books.google.se/books?id=pDW4YNkmvZYC&pg=PA98&lpg=PA98&dq=%22nameless+mass+of+vermin%22&source=web&ots=z3fNAPTwNn&sig=arJYZRC2cysKsDBkorfWR5vgZXg&hl=sv#PPA98,M1]
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The British embassy in Washington noted this in a weekly report.[http://books.google.se/books?id=jTg1xacTjhEC&pg=RA1-PA231&lpg=RA1-PA231&dq=%22nameless+mass+of+vermin%22&source=web&ots=YkDKTKVU26&sig=kZscBG72t-dclH4PCM-01dytOOI&hl=sv]
To understand where the word “Jap” comes from a comparison to the “[[Nazis]]” as it left space for the recognition of the “good German,” but scant comparable place for “good Japanese.” Magazines like ''Time'' hammered this home even further by frequently referring to “the Jap” rather than “Japs,” thereby denying the enemy even the merest semblance of pluralism.<ref>Dower, W. John. War without Mercy. New York: Pantheon Books, 1993.</ref>
The Japanese [[attack on Pearl Harbor]] on December 7, 1941 plunged the United States into war and planted the notion of Japanese treachery in the minds of Americans. The hysteria that enveloped the West Coast during the early months of the war, combined with long standing anti-Asian prejudices, set the stage for what was to come.<ref>A More Perfect Union. 1990-2001. 15 Oct. 2007. <http://americanhistory.si.edu/perfectunion/non-flash/removal_crisis.html></ref>
[[Executive Order 9066]] authorized the military to exclude any person from any area of the country where national security was considered threatened. It gave the military broad authority over the civilian population without the imposition of martial law. Although the order did not mention any specific group or recommend detention, its language implied that any citizen might be removed. In practice, the order was applied almost exclusively to [[Japanese Americans]] and Japanese nationals, with only few Italian and German Americans suffering similar fates. Ultimately, approximately 110,000 [[Japanese people|Japanese nationals]] and [[Japanese American]]s were interned in housing facilities called "[[Japanese American internment|War Relocation Camps]]".<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/manz/ Manzanar National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref name=howmany>Various primary and secondary sources list counts between 110,000 and 120,000 persons.</ref>
==See also==
*[[American mutilation of Japanese war dead]]
*[[Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]]
*[[Bataan Death March]]
*[[Rape of Nanking]]
*[[Tokyo War Crimes Trials]]
*[[Unit 731]]
== References ==
<references />
{{US-hist-stub}}
[[Category:History of racism in the United States]]
[[Category:Japanese American history]]
[[Category:Anti-Japanese sentiment]]
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