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{{Infobox settlement
| settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Spain|Municipality]]
| official_name = <!-- if different from name -->
| native_name = <!-- if different from name -->
| image_skyline = San Roque (al fondo, Gibraltar).jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = View of San Roque at dusk showing [[Rock of Gibraltar|The Rock]] in the background
| image_flag = Bandera de San Roque.svg
| image_shield = Escudo de San Roque.svg
| nickname =
| motto = "Muy Noble y Muy Leal ciudad de San Roque, donde reside la de Gibraltar"<br /><small>(Very Noble and Very Loyal city of San Roque, where Gibraltar lives on)</small>
| pushpin_map = Spain#Spain Andalusia
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Province of Cádiz
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[Spain]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous community]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andalusia]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Cádiz (province)|Cádiz]]
| pushpin_relief = 1
| seat =
| coordinates = {{coord|36|12|35|N|5|23|4|W|region:ES_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 108
| elevation_min_m =
| elevation_max_m =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 146.88
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 21 May 1706<!-- REF name="fundación": [http://www.sevillapress.com/noticia/3409.html El Ayuntamiento de San Roque presenta medio centenar de actos para celebrar el Tercer Centenario de la Fundación de la ciudad] -->
| population_as_of = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_total = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_demonym = Sanroqueño/a
| population_note =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Languages of Spain|Official language(s)]]
| blank_info_sec1 = Spanish
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Spain|Postal code]]
| postal_code = 11360, 11310, 11311, 11312, 11313, 11314, 11368, 11369
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Spain|Dialing code]]
| area_code = (+34) 956 78 XX XX
| leader_title = [[Alcalde]]
| leader_name = [[Juan Carlos Ruiz Boix]]
| leader_party = [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.sanroque.es}}
| module = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom=8 |coord={{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}}
}}
'''San Roque''' is a [[Municipalities in Spain|municipality]] of [[Spain]] belonging to the [[province of Cádiz]], which in turn is part of the [[autonomous community]] of [[Andalusia]]. It is also part of the {{lang|es|comarca}} of [[Campo de Gibraltar]]. Located in the southern end of the [[Iberian Peninsula]], San Roque is a short way inland of the north side of the [[Bay of Gibraltar]], to the north of the [[Gibraltar]] peninsula. The municipality has a total surface of 145 km<sup>2</sup> with a population of approximately 25,500 people, as of 2005.
The foundation of San Roque as a city owes to the creation of a sort of Gibraltar-in-exile by refugees fleeing from the Rock in the wake of its [[Capture of Gibraltar|seizure by Anglo-Dutch forces in 1704]].<ref>{{Cite journal|pages=1–2|title=El exilio interior del pueblo de Gibraltar y el origen de la ciudad de San Roque|journal=Cuadernos de Gibraltar–Gibraltar Reports|issue=3|year=2018–2019|first=Antonio|last=Pérez-Girón|url=https://revistas.uca.es/index.php/cdg/article/view/5923/6099|doi=10.25267/Cuad_Gibraltar.2019.i3.1404|___location=Cádiz|publisher=[[University of Cádiz|Editorial UCA]]|s2cid=226543517 |doi-access=free|hdl=10498/23219|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
In addition of the main nucleus of San Roque, the municipality also includes settlements such as [[Puente Mayorga]], {{ill|Guadarranque (settlement)|es|Guadarranque|lt=Guadarranque}}, [[Sotogrande]], [[Campamento (San Roque)|Campamento]], or [[Guadiaro (town)|Guadiaro]].
== Placename ==
San Roque is [[Spanish language|Spanish]] for [[Saint Roch]], a [[Christian saint]] who was revered in a shrine dating back to 1508 that predates the foundation of the town.
==Geography==
San Roque lies in the ''[[comarcas of Andalusia|comarca]]'' of [[Campo de Gibraltar]], the south-eastern division of Cadiz province. It is bordered to the northwest by the municipalities of [[Jimena de la Frontera]], [[Castellar de la Frontera]], and [[Los Barrios]], and to the south by [[La Línea de la Concepción]], beyond which is Gibraltar itself.
==History==
=== Precedents ===
The area around San Roque has been inhabited since prehistoric times. The oldest known settlement within the municipality is the ruined town of [[Carteia]], founded by the [[Phoenicians]]. It became a [[Phoenicia]]n tradepost and evolved into a [[Ancient Carthage|Carthaginian]] town by 228 BCE. Its major trade was in local [[wine]] and [[garum]] or ''salazón'', a fish-based sauce.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.arcl.ed.ac.uk/arch/remotesense/phoenicians/current/carteria.html |title=Carteia was founded by the Turdetani, the later name for the diminished Tartessan empire<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2006-07-14 |archive-date=2006-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512022631/http://www.arcl.ed.ac.uk/arch/remotesense/phoenicians/current/carteria.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Carteia was captured by [[Roman Empire|Rome]] in 206 BCE. A few years later, in 171 BCE, Iberian-born children of Roman soldiers appeared before the [[Roman Senate]] to request a town to live in, and were given Carteia, named ''Colonia Libertinorum Carteia''.
[[Image:Carteia Foro (8).jpg|left|thumb|200px|Roman forum, Carteia]]
After the fall of Rome, the [[Vandals]] briefly established themselves in the area until 428 before they embarked on the conquest of [[North Africa]], via an invasion fleet across the [[Strait of Gibraltar]]. The [[Visigoths]] replaced them around the 6th century. The [[Byzantine Empire]] made incursions into Andalusia between 554 and 626, occupying Carteia for a number of years, before finally being ejected by the Visigoths.
In 711, Carteia and the surrounding area became the beachhead for the [[Moorish invasion of Iberia|Umayyad conquest of the Iberian Peninsula]] led by [[Tariq ibn Ziyad]]. [[Alfonso XI of Castile]] took control of the territory by defeating a Muslim [[Merinid]] army in the 14th century. Over the next few centuries, the population was gradually [[Hispanic]]ised and [[Christianity|Christian]]ised.{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}}
In 1649 a quarter of the Gibraltar population perished from epidemic disease. A number of residents retreated to the area of San Roque, and survived the outbreak, believed to be [[typhoid]].<ref>JACKSON, William (1990): ''The Rock of the Gibraltarians. A History of Gibraltar'', 2nd ed. Gibraltar Books. Grendon, Northamptonshire, UK. {{ISBN|0-948466-14-6}}, p. 84.</ref>
=== Foundation ===
The modern settlement of San Roque was established by the former Spanish inhabitants of [[Gibraltar]], after the majority fled following the [[Capture of Gibraltar|takeover by Anglo-Dutch forces]] and their Spanish allies during the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] in 1704.<ref>{{cite book| first=Peter| last=Gold| title=Gibraltar: British or Spanish?| publisher=Routledge| year=2005| page=2}}</ref> The establishment became a new town in 1706, addressed by King [[Philip V of Spain]] as "My city of Gibraltar resident in its Campo" and "My well beloved", because it remained loyal to his cause during the War of Succession. Gibraltar's City Council, banner and records were moved there. San Roque official [[motto]] is "Very Noble and Very Loyal city of San Roque, where Gibraltar lives on" (Spanish: ''Muy Noble y Muy Leal ciudad de San Roque, donde reside la de Gibraltar'').
In 1873, during the [[Spanish First Republic]], the town declared its independence as the ''[[Canton (administrative division)|Canton]]'' of San Roque for a few months.
==Main sights==
{{Historical populations
| 1999| 22719
| 2000| 22990
| 2001| 23570
| 2002| 23981
| 2003| 25163
| 2004| 24757
| 2005| 25548
| source = [http://www.ine.es INE (Spain)]
}}
The New Saint Roch's Chapel ([[Spanish language|Sp.]]: ''Ermita de San Roque'') was erected in 1801. Its style is neoclassical. The shrine houses a statue of [[Saint Roch]]. In the fourth week of April every year, a procession is held on the saint's honour, with people carrying his image on a float. The statue is then taken from the temple to the ''[[Pinar del Rey (park)|Pinar del Rey]]'' pinewoods nearby and back. During the [[Spanish War of Independence]], Saint Roch's Chapel was ransacked by the [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleonic troops]] and the historic statue of the saint was destroyed. The image was replaced in 1833 by a new one donated by an army captain from San Roque called Juan Rojas, who was stationed in [[Seville]]. At the time this city was suffering from [[cholera]] epidemics, so Captain Rojas vowed to make the effigy himself if he and his family recovered from the disease. This happened indeed and the new image of Saint Roch was donated to the church by Rojas.
The [[parish church]], [[Santa María La Coronada Church]], is consecrated to Saint Mary the Crowned and it was declared a [[listed building]] in 1974. The main building dates from the 18th century and features Spanish-Tuscan architecture and [[Baroque]] artwork. Work began in 1735 on the construction of a church over the foundations of the 1508 Chapel of Saint Roch.<ref name=mary>{{cite web|title=Saint Mary the Crowned Parish Church Saint Mary the Crowned Parish Church|url=http://www.sanroque.es/tourism/monuments/iglesia-santa-maria-la-coronada/view?set_language=en|publisher=sanroque.es|access-date=1 January 2013}}</ref>
The Governor's Palace ({{langx|es|Palacio de los Gobernadores}}), which houses the municipal [[art gallery]] "[[Luis Ortega Bru]]", is also located in the same square.
The oldest bar in the town is the Bar Torres, adjacent to the central square.
[[Matthew Arnold|Mathew Arnold]]'s brother is buried in San Roque.
==Economy and industry==
The main economic activities are tourism and manufacturing.
[[Image:Refinería CEPSA Gibraltar-San Roque.jpg|thumb|200px|The CEPSA [[Gibraltar-San Roque Refinery]]]]
[[CEPSA]] [[Gibraltar-San Roque Refinery]], built in 1967, is situated in Guadarranque [[Industrial Estate]]. It is the largest in the Iberian Peninsula, with a crude oil daily processing capacity of 240,000 barrels per day.<ref>[http://www.cepsa.com/refinerias/gibraltar/pages/refgi_1.htm Refinería Gibraltar-San Roque CEPSA] {{webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20081022151725/http%3A//www.cepsa.com/refinerias/gibraltar/pages/refgi_1.htm |date=2008-10-22 }}</ref>
Local [[San Roque Club]] is an important source of tourism. [[Sotogrande]] is an exclusive beach and golf resort located in the municipality.
The beaches of Campamento and Puente Mayorga, although no longer so popular as in the sixties due to the nearby industrial activity, are close to San Roque town, facing the Bay of Gibraltar.
==Fairs==
The [[Feria Real de San Roque]] (Royal Fair of San Roque in English), is the city's main yearly [[Street fair]], held on the second Tuesday of August. The fair begins with the coronation ceremony of the juvenile and child queens and their respective courts, although the stands and attractions located in the Fairground El Ejido do not open until Wednesday, the day of the inaugural cavalcade. The Royal Fair closes on a Sunday night with a fireworks show and at 7am on the Monday with the [[Running of the Bulls]] known locally as Toro del Aguardiente which has occurred yearly since 1649, named as terrified participants are given a shot of the strong alcoholic spirit ‘[[Aguardiente]]’ for courage, before running with the bulls to the [[Plaza de toros de San Roque|San Roque bullring]], marking the end of the fair.<ref>
{{cite web| url = http://www.cadizturismo.com/media/publications/pdf/SanRoque_esp_eng.pdf| title = San Roque| access-date = 4 August 2017}}</ref>
==Notable residents==
* [[Carlos Pacheco]] (comic book artist)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://andaluciainformacion.es/sanlucar/1113695/san-roque-se-despide-del-dibujante-carlos-pacheco/|website=Andalucía Información|title=San Roque se despide del dibujante Carlos Pacheco|language=es|url-status=live|date=9 November 2022|access-date=9 November 2022|archivedate=9 November 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109194346/https://andaluciainformacion.es/sanlucar/1113695/san-roque-se-despide-del-dibujante-carlos-pacheco/}}</ref>
==Sister cities==
* Pylaia, Thessaloniki, Greece
==See also==
{{portal|Spain}}
*[[Algeciras]]
*[[San Roque station]]
*[[List of municipalities in Cádiz]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{wikisource|Terms of surrender of the Spanish authorities of Gibraltar in 1704}}
* [http://www.sanroque.es/ San Roque City Council]
* [https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=36.209722,-5.384444&spn=0.019946,0.030088&t=k San Roque in Google Maps]
* [http://www.theresident.es The Resident – English-language newspaper serving San Roque and surrounding area] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717015911/http://www.theresident.es/ |date=2013-07-17 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070816061309/http://www.esg-gib.net/gallery/thumbnails.php?album=1 Pictures of the "Gibraltar-San Roque" Refinery.]
* [http://www.soixantesix.book.fr/galeries/san-roque/ Pics of San Roque]
{{Municipalities in Cádiz}}
{{Phoenician cities and colonies|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:San Roque, Spain
[[Category:
[[Category:Populated places established in 1706]]
[[Category:Municipalities of the Province of Cádiz]]
[[Category:1706 establishments in Spain]]
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