List of POSIX commands: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|None}}

This is a '''list of [[Unix]] [[Computer_program|program]]s'''. Some of these programs are standard utilities that will be found on any [[Unix]] or [[Unix-like]] [[operating system]]; indeed a system without such basic components as [[ls]] or [[UNIX shell|sh]] could scarcely be described as truly Unix-like. Others are more special-purpose and may not be installed by default. Finally, some items on this list are simply separate applications which happen to have been written for Unix.

{{Plain image with caption|POSIX Utilities.pdf|width=177px|Utilities listed in POSIX.1-2017}}

This is a list of the [[Shell (computing)|shell]] [[command (computing)|command]]s of the most recent version of the Portable Operating System Interface ([[POSIX]]) {{endash}} [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|IEEE]] Std 1003.1-2024 which is part of the [[Single UNIX Specification]] (SUS). These commands are implemented in many shells on modern [[Unix]], [[Unix-like]] and other [[operating system]]s. This list does not cover commands for all versions of Unix and Unix-like shells nor other versions of POSIX.

Many [[MS-DOS]] commands are similar to, or based on these commands. See [[List of DOS commands]] for more information.

{{Sticky header}}

{{wikibookspar||Guide to UNIX commands}}

{{Table alignment}}

==[[System software]]==

{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header col3center"

===System Management===

|-

*[[admin (Unix)|admin]] – Administer [[SCCS]] files

!scope="col" | Name

*[[rmdel]] – remove a delta from an SCCS file

!scope="col" | Category

*[[fuser (Unix)|fuser]] – Identify processes by files or sockets

!scope="col" | Status (Option code)

*[[newgrp]] (or [[sg (Unix)|sg]]) – Log in to a new group

!scope="col" | Description

*[[nohup]] – Run a command with immunity to hangups outputting to non–tty

!scope="col" | First appeared

*[[pathchk]] – Check the validity/portability of filenames

|-

*[[logger]] – Make entries in the system log

!scope="row"| {{codett|admin}}

*[[UNIX shell|sh]] – The Bourne shell, the standard Unix shell

| SCCS

*[[dd (Unix)|dd]] – Convert and copy a file (Disk Dump)

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

*[[dirname]] – Strip non–directory suffixes from a path

| Create and administer [[Source Code Control System|SCCS]] files

*[[echo (computing)|echo]] – Print to standard output

| PWB UNIX

*[[env]] – Show environment variables; run a program with altered environment variables

|-

*[[File (Unix)|file]] (or stat) – Determine the type of a file

!scope="row"| [[alias (command)|{{codett|alias}}]]

*[[strip]] – Discard symbols from object files

| Misc

*[[uptime]] – Print how long the system has been running

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Manage command aliases

|

|-

!scope="row"| [[ar (Unix)|{{codett|ar}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Manage [[Library (computing)|library]] archives

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| {{codett|asa}}

| Text processing

| {{Optional}} (FR)

| Interpret [[ASA carriage control characters|carriage-control]] characters

| System V

|-

!scope="row"| [[at (command)|{{codett|at}}]]

| Process management

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Execute commands at a later time

| Version 7 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[AWK|{{codett|awk}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Pattern scanning and processing language

| Version 7 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[basename|{{codett|basename}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Report non-directory portion of a pathname

| Version 7 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[batch (Unix)|{{codett|batch}}]]

| Process management

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Schedule commands to be executed in a batch queue

|

|-

!scope="row"| [[bc (programming language)|{{codett|bc}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| [[Arbitrary-precision arithmetic]] calculator

| Version 6 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[bg (Unix)|{{codett|bg}}]]

| Process management

| {{Optional}} (UP)

| Move jobs to the background

|

|-

!scope="row"| [[C compiler|{{codett|cc}}]]

| C programming

| {{Optional}} (CD)

| [[compiler|Compile]] [[C (programming language)|C]] [[source code]]

| IEEE Std 1003.1-2024

|-

!scope="row"| [[cal (command)|{{codett|cal}}]]

| Misc

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Print a calendar

| Version 5 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[cat (Unix)|{{codett|cat}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Concatenate and print files

| PDP-7 UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[cd (command)|{{codett|cd}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Change the working directory

| Version 6 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[cflow|{{codett|cflow}}]]

| C programming

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Generate a C-language [[call graph]]

| System V

|-

!scope="row"| [[chgrp|{{codett|chgrp}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Change file group ownership

| PWB UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[chmod|{{codett|chmod}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Change file modes/attributes/permissions

| PDP-7 UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[chown|{{codett|chown}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Change file ownership

| PDP-7 UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[cksum|{{codett|cksum}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Report file [[checksum]] and size

| 4.4BSD

|-

!scope="row"| [[cmp (Unix)|{{codett|cmp}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Compare two files

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[comm|{{codett|comm}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Select or reject lines common to two files

| Version 4 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[command (Unix)|{{codett|command}}]]

| Shell programming

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Execute a simple command

|

|-

!scope="row"| [[compress|{{codett|compress}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Compress data

| 4.3BSD

|-

!scope="row"| [[cp (Unix)|{{codett|cp}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Copy files

| PDP-7 UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[cron|{{codett|cron}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Schedule periodic background work

| System V

|-

!scope="row"| [[csplit|{{codett|csplit}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Split files based on context

| PWB UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[ctags|{{codett|ctags}}]]

| C programming

| {{Optional}} (SD)

| Create a tags file

| 3BSD

|-

!scope="row"| [[cut (Unix)|{{codett|cut}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Cut out selected fields of each line of a file

| System III

|-

!scope="row"| {{codett|cxref}}

| C programming

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Generate a [[C (programming language)|C-language]] program cross-reference table

| System V

|-

!scope="row"| [[Date (Unix command)|{{codett|date}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Report or change system date and time

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[dd (Unix)|{{codett|dd}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Convert and copy files

| Version 5 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| {{codett|delta}}

| SCCS

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Make a delta (change) to an SCCS file

| PWB UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[df (Unix)|{{codett|df}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Report free storage space

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[diff|{{codett|diff}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Compare two files

| Version 5 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[dirname|{{codett|dirname}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Report the directory portion of a pathname

| System III

|-

!scope="row"| [[du (Unix)|{{codett|du}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Estimate file space usage

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[echo (command)|{{codett|echo}}]]

| Shell programming

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Write to standard output

| Version 2 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[ed (text editor)|{{codett|ed}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| The standard text editor

| PDP-7 UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[env (shell)|{{codett|env}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Set the environment for command invocation

| System III

|-

!scope="row"| [[ex (text editor)|{{codett|ex}}]]

| Text processing

| {{Optional}} (UP)

| Text editor

| 1BSD

|-

!scope="row"| [[expand (Unix)|{{codett|expand}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Convert tabs to spaces

| 3BSD

|-

!scope="row"| [[expr|{{codett|expr}}]]

| Shell programming

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Evaluate arguments as an expression

| Version 7 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[false (Unix)|{{codett|false}}]]

| Shell programming

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Exit immediately with [[exit status |status]] 1

| Version 7 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[fc (Unix)|{{codett|fc}}]]

| Misc

| {{Optional}} (UP)

| Process the command history list

|

|-

!scope="row"| [[fg (Unix)|{{codett|fg}}]]

| Process management

| {{Optional}} (UP)

| Move a job to the foreground

|

|-

!scope="row"| [[file (command)|{{codett|file}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Report type of files

| Version 4 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[find (Unix)|{{codett|find}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Find files

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[fold (Unix)|{{codett|fold}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Filter for folding lines

| 1BSD

|-

!scope="row"| [[fuser (Unix)|{{codett|fuser}}]]

| Process management

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| List [[Process identifier|process IDs]] of all processes that have one or more files open

| System V

|-

!scope="row"| [[gencat|{{codett|gencat}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Generate a formatted message catalog

|

|-

!scope="row"| {{codett|get}}

| SCCS

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Get a version of an SCCS file

| PWB UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[getconf|{{codett|getconf}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Get configuration values

|

|-

!scope="row"| [[getopts|{{codett|getopts}}]]

| Shell programming

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Parse utility options

|

|-

!scope="row"| [[gettext|{{codett|gettext}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Retrieve text string from messages object

|

|-

!scope="row"| [[grep|{{codett|grep}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Search text for a pattern

| Version 4 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[hash (Unix)|{{codett|hash}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Hash database access method

|

|-

!scope="row"| [[head (Unix)|{{codett|head}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Copy the first part of files

| PWB UNIX{{citation needed|date=May 2009}}

|-

!scope="row"| [[iconv|{{codett|iconv}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Codeset conversion

| HP-UX

|-

!scope="row"| [[id (Unix)|{{codett|id}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Report user identity

| System V

|-

!scope="row"| [[ipcrm|{{codett|ipcrm}}]]

| Misc

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Remove a message queue, semaphore set, or shared memory segment identifier

| System V

|-

!scope="row"| [[ipcs|{{codett|ipcs}}]]

| Misc

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Report interprocess communication facilities status

| System V

|-

!scope="row"| {{codett|jobs}}

| Process management

| {{Optional}} (UP)

| Report background jobs

|

|-

!scope="row"| [[join (Unix)|{{codett|join}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Merges two sorted text files based on the presence of a common field

| Version 7 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[kill (command)|{{codett|kill}}]]

| Process management

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Terminate or signal processes

| Version 4 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[lex programming tool|{{codett|lex}}]]

| C programming

| {{Optional}} (CD)

| Generate programs for [[Lexical analyzer|lexical tasks]]

| Version 7 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[link (Unix)|{{codett|link}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Create a hard link to a file

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[ln (Unix)|{{codett|ln}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Link files

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| {{codett|locale}}

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Get locale-specific information

|

|-

!scope="row"| [[localedef|{{codett|localedef}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Define locale environment

|

|-

!scope="row"| {{codett|logger}}

| Shell programming

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Log messages

| 4.3BSD

|-

!scope="row"| [[logname|{{codett|logname}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Report the user's login name

| 4.4BSD

|-

!scope="row"| [[lp (Unix)|{{codett|lp}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Send files to a printer

| System V

|-

!scope="row"| [[ls|{{codett|ls}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| List directory contents

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[M4 (computer language)|{{codett|m4}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Macro processor

| PWB UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[mailx|{{codett|mailx}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Process messages

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[make (software)|{{codett|make}}]]

| Programming

| {{Optional}} (SD)

| Maintain, update, and regenerate groups of programs

| PWB UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[man page|{{codett|man}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Display system documentation

| Version 2 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[mesg|{{codett|mesg}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Permit or deny messages

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[mkdir|{{codett|mkdir}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Make directories

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[mkfifo|{{codett|mkfifo}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Make [[FIFO (computing and electronics)|FIFO]] special files

| 4.4BSD{{dubious|mkfifo|date=April 2014}}

|-

!scope="row"| [[more (command)|{{codett|more}}]]

| Text processing

| {{Optional}} (UP)

| Display files on a page-by-page basis

| 3BSD

|-

!scope="row"| [[msgfmt|{{codett|msgfmt}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Create messages objects from messages object files

|

|-

!scope="row"| [[Mv (Unix)|{{codett|mv}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Move or rename files

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[newgrp|{{codett|newgrp}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Change to a new group

| Version 6 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[gettext|{{codett|ngettext}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Retrieve text string from messages object with plural form

|

|-

!scope="row"| [[nice (Unix)|{{codett|nice}}]]

| Process management

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Invoke a utility with an altered nice value

| Version 4 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[nl (Unix)|{{codett|nl}}]]

| Text processing

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Line numbering filter

| System III

|-

!scope="row"| [[nm (Unix)|{{codett|nm}}]]

| C programming

| {{Optional}}<br/>(SD, XSI)

| Write the name list of an [[object file]]

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[nohup|{{codett|nohup}}]]

| Process management

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Invoke a utility immune to [[SIGHUP|hangups]]

| Version 4 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[od (Unix)|{{codett|od}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Dump files in various formats

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[paste (Unix)|{{codett|paste}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files

| Version 32V AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[patch (Unix)|{{codett|patch}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Apply changes to files

| 4.3BSD

|-

!scope="row"| [[pathchk|{{codett|pathchk}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Check pathnames

|

|-

!scope="row"| [[pax (command)|{{codett|pax}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Portable archive interchange

| 4.4BSD{{citation needed|date=December 2014}}

|-

!scope="row"| [[pr (Unix)|{{codett|pr}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Paginate or columnate files for printing

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[printf (Unix)|{{codett|printf}}]]

| Shell programming

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Write formatted output

| 4.3BSD-Reno

|-

!scope="row"| {{codett|prs}}

| SCCS

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Print an SCCS file

| PWB UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[ps (Unix)|{{codett|ps}}]]

| Process management

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Report process status

| Version 4 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[pwd|{{codett|pwd}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Print working directory

| Version 5 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[read (Unix)|{{codett|read}}]]

| Shell programming

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Read a line from standard input

|

|-

!scope="row"| {{codett|readlink}}

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Print destination of a symbolic link

|

|-

!scope="row"| {{codett|realpath}}

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Resolve a symbolic link

|

|-

!scope="row"| [[renice|{{codett|renice}}]]

| Process management

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Set nice values of running processes

| 4BSD

|-

!scope="row"| [[rm (Unix)|{{codett|rm}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Remove directory entries

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[rmdel|{{codett|rmdel}}]]

| SCCS

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Remove a delta from an SCCS file

| PWB UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[rmdir|{{codett|rmdir}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Remove directories, if they are empty.

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| {{codett|sact}}

| SCCS

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Print current SCCS file-editing activity

| System III

|-

!scope="row"| [[Source Code Control System|{{codett|sccs}}]]

| SCCS

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Front end for the SCCS subsystem

| 4.3BSD

|-

!scope="row"| [[sed|{{codett|sed}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Stream editor

| Version 7 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[Bourne shell|{{codett|sh}}]]

| Shell programming

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| [[Unix shell|Shell]], the standard command language interpreter

| Version 7 AT&T UNIX<br/>(in earlier versions, sh was either the [[Thompson shell]] or the [[PWB shell]])

|-

!scope="row"| [[sleep (command)|{{codett|sleep}}]]

| Shell programming

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Suspend execution for an interval

| Version 4 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[sort (Unix)|{{codett|sort}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Sort, merge, or sequence check text files

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[split (Unix)|{{codett|split}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Split files into pieces

| Version 3 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[strings (Unix)|{{codett|strings}}]]

| C programming

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Find printable strings in files

| 2BSD

|-

!scope="row"| [[strip (Unix)|{{codett|strip}}]]

| C programming

| {{Optional}} (SD)

| Remove unnecessary information from executable files

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| {{codett|stty}}

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Set the options for a terminal

| Version 2 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| {{codett|tabs}}

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Set terminal tabs

| PWB UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[tail (Unix)|{{codett|tail}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Copy the last part of a file

| PWB UNIX{{citation needed|date=May 2009}}

|-

!scope="row"| [[talk (software)|{{codett|talk}}]]

| Misc

| {{Optional}} (UP)

| Talk to another user

| 4.2BSD

|-

!scope="row"| [[tee (command)|{{codett|tee}}]]

| Shell programming

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Duplicate the [[Standard streams|standard output]]

| Version 5 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[test (Unix)|{{codett|test}}]]

| Shell programming

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Evaluate [[expression (computer science)|expression]]

| Version 7 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[time (Unix)|{{codett|time}}]]

| Process management

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Display elapsed, system and kernel time used by the current shell or designated process.

| Version 3 AT&T UNIX<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=July 7, 202 |title=FreeBSD Manual Pages: time |url=https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=time |website=man.freebsd.org|access-date=Mar 23, 2025}} </ref>

|-

!scope="row"| {{codett|timeout}}

| Process management

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Run command with a time limit

| Version 3 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[touch (command)|{{codett|touch}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Change file access and modification times

| Version 7 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[tput|{{codett|tput}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Change [[Computer terminal|terminal]] characteristics

| System V

|-

!scope="row"| [[tr (Unix)|{{codett|tr}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Translate characters

| Version 4 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[true (Unix)|{{codett|true}}]]

| Shell programming

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Exit immediately with [[exit status |status]] 0

| Version 7 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[tsort (Unix)|{{codett|tsort}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Topological sort

| Version 7 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[tty (unix)|{{codett|tty}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Report user's [[Computer terminal|terminal]] name

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[type (Unix)|{{codett|type}}]]

| Misc

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Displays how a name would be interpreted if used as a command

|

|-

!scope="row"| {{codett|ulimit}}

| Misc

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Set or report file size limit

|

|-

!scope="row"| [[umask|{{codett|umask}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Get or set file mode creation mask

| System III

|-

!scope="row"| [[unalias|{{codett|unalias}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Remove alias definitions

|

|-

!scope="row"| [[uname|{{codett|uname}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Report system name

| PWB UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[uncompress|{{codett|uncompress}}]]

| Misc

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Expand compressed data

| 4.3BSD

|-

!scope="row"| [[unexpand|{{codett|unexpand}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Convert spaces to tabs

| 3BSD

|-

!scope="row"| {{codett|unget}}

| SCCS

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Undo a previous get of an SCCS file

| System III

|-

!scope="row"| [[uniq|{{codett|uniq}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Report or filter out repeated lines in a file

| Version 3 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[unlink (Unix)|{{codett|unlink}}]]

| Filesystem

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Call the unlink function

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[uucp|{{codett|uucp}}]]

| Network

| {{Optional}} (UU)

| System-to-system copy

| Version 7 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[uudecode|{{codett|uudecode}}]]

| Network

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Decode a binary file

| 4BSD

|-

!scope="row"| [[uuencode|{{codett|uuencode}}]]

| Network

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Encode a binary file

| 4BSD

|-

!scope="row"| [[uustat|{{codett|uustat}}]]

| Network

| {{Optional}} (UU)

| [[uucp]] status inquiry and job control

| System III

|-

!scope="row"| {{codett|uux}}

| Process management

| {{Optional}} (UU)

| Remote command execution

| Version 7 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| {{codett|val}}

| SCCS

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Validate SCCS files

| System III

|-

!scope="row"| [[Vi (text editor)|{{codett|vi}}]]

| Text processing

| {{Optional}} (UP)

| Screen-oriented (visual) display editor

| 1BSD

|-

!scope="row"| [[wait (command)|{{codett|wait}}]]

| Process management

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Await process completion

| Version 4 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[wc (Unix)|{{codett|wc}}]]

| Text processing

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Line, word and byte or character count

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| {{codett|what}}

| SCCS

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Identify SCCS files

| PWB UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[who (Unix)|{{codett|who}}]]

| System administration

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Display who is on the system

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[write (Unix)|{{codett|write}}]]

| Misc

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Write to another user's terminal

| Version 1 AT&T UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[xargs|{{codett|xargs}}]]

| Shell programming

| {{needs|Mandatory}}

| Construct argument lists and invoke utility

| PWB UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[gettext|{{codett|xgettext}}]]

| C programming

| {{Optional}} (CD)

| Extract gettext calls from C source code strings

| IEEE Std 1003.1-2024

|-

!scope="row"| [[yacc|{{codett|yacc}}]]

| C programming

| {{Optional}} (CD)

| Yet another [[compiler]] compiler

| PWB UNIX

|-

!scope="row"| [[zcat|{{codett|zcat}}]]

| Text processing

| {{Optional}} (XSI)

| Expand and concatenate compressed data

| 4.3BSD

|-

|}

====KernelSee specific==also==

* [[GNOME Core Applications]]

*[[ipcs]] &ndash; Provide information on IPC facilities

* [[GNU Core Utilities]]

*[[ipcrm]] &ndash; Remove a message queue, semaphore set or shared memory id

* [[List of GNU packages]]

*[[date (Unix)|date]] &ndash; Print or set the system date and/or time

* [[List of KDE applications]]

*[[uname]] &ndash; Print assorted system statistics

* [[List of Unix daemons]]

* [[Unix philosophy]]

* [[util-linux|{{codett|util-linux}}]]

==References==

====[[Process (computing)|Processes]] and tasks management====

{{Reflist}}

*[[nice (Unix)|nice]] &ndash; Alter priorities for processes

*[[time (Unix)|time]] &ndash; Time a command

*[[top (Unix)|top]] &ndash; Produce a dynamic list of all resident processes

*[[wait]] &ndash; Wait for the specified process

*[[renice]] &ndash; Alter the priorities of an already running process

*[[chroot]] &ndash; Change the system root directory for all [[child process]]es

*[[timex (Unix utility)|timex]] &ndash; Time process shell execution, measure process data and system activity

*[[kill (Unix)|kill]] &ndash; Send a signal to process, or terminate a process (by PID)

*[[killall (Unix)|killall]] &ndash; Terminate all processes (in Linux, it's kill by name)

*[[crontab]] &ndash; Crontab file editor

*[[at (Unix command)|at]] &ndash; Single&ndash;time command scheduler

*[[cron]] &ndash; Periodic command scheduler

*[[daemonic]] &ndash; Interface to daemon init scripts

*[[sleep (Unix)|sleep]] &ndash; Delay for specified time

*[[pgrep]] &ndash; Find PIDs of processes by name

*[[pidof]] &ndash; Linux equivalent of [[pgrep]]

*[[pkill]] &ndash; Send a signal to process, or terminate a process (by name). Equivalent to Linux [[killall (Unix)|killall]]

*[[ps (Unix)|ps]] &ndash; Report process status

*[[anacron]] &ndash; Periodic command scheduler

==External links==

====User management and support====

{{wikibooks|Guide to UNIX|Commands}}

*[[su (computing)|su]] &ndash; Start a new process (defaults to shell) as a different user (defaults to root)

{{Commons category|Unix reference cards}}

*[[logname]] &ndash; Print user's login name

* [https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/ IEEE Std 1003.1,2004 specifications]

*[[passwd]] &ndash; User and group entries for daemons

* [https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/ IEEE Std 1003.1,2008 specifications]

*[[write (Unix)|write]] &ndash; Send a message to another user

* [https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9799919799/ IEEE Std 1003.1,2024 specifications]

*[[mesg]] &ndash; Control write access to your terminal

* [https://bhami.com/rosetta.html Rosetta Stone For *Nix] &ndash; configurable list of equivalent programs for *nix systems.

*[[Who (Unix)|who]] &ndash; Show who is logged on

* [http://roesler-ac.de/wolfram/acro/Cmd.htm The Unix Acronym List: Unix Commands] &ndash; explains the names of many Unix commands.

*[[id (Unix)|id]] &ndash; Print real/effective UIDs/GIDs

*[[Unix manual|man]] &ndash; Manual browser

*[[locale]] &ndash; Get locale specific information

*[[localedef]] &ndash; Compile locale definitions

{{Unix commands}}

=====Terminal configuration=====

*[[stty]] &ndash; Change and print terminal line settings

*[[tty (Unix)|tty]] &ndash; Print filename of terminal connected to standard input

*[[tput]] &ndash; Initialize a terminal/query terminfo database

===Files and texts===

*[[Coreutils]] &ndash; [[GNU]] package, containing a lot of file, text, and shell utilities

*[[info (Unix)|info]] &ndash; An alternative to [[Unix_manual|man]]

*[[Unix_manual|man]] &ndash; Displays online manual for a program

====Filesystem Utilities====

*[[chgrp]] &ndash; Change the group of a file or directory

*[[chmod]] &ndash; Change the permissions of a file or directory

*[[chown]] &ndash; Change the owner of a file or directory

*[[cp (Unix)|cp]] &ndash; Copy a file or directory to another ___location

*[[Df (Unix)|df]] &ndash; Report disk space

*[[du (Unix)|du]] &ndash; Calculate used disk space

*[[fsck]] &ndash; [[Filesystem]] check

*[[ln (Unix)|ln]] &ndash; Link one file/directory to another

*[[ls]] &ndash; List directory contents

*[[mkdir]] &ndash; Make a directory

*[[mkfifo]] &ndash; Make a named pipe

*[[mount (Unix)|mount]] &ndash; Mount a [[filesystem]]

*[[mv]] &ndash; Move or rename a file or directory

*[[pwd]] &ndash; Print the current working directory

*[[Rm (Unix)|rm]] &ndash; Delete a file or directory

*[[rmdir]] &ndash; Delete a directory

*[[Touch (Unix)|touch]] &ndash; Create a new file or update its modification time

*[[unlink]] &ndash; System call to remove a file or directory

*[[lsof]] &ndash; list open files

====Archivers and compression====

*[[afio]] &ndash; Compatible superset of [[cpio]] with added functionality

*[[ar (Unix)|ar]] &ndash; Maintain, modify, and extract from archives. Now largely obsoleted by [[Tar (file format)|tar]]

*[[bzip2]] &ndash; Block&ndash;sorting file compressor

*[[compress]] &ndash; Traditional compressor using the [[LZW (algorithm)|LZW algorithm]]

*[[CPIO|cpio]] &ndash; A traditional archiving tool/format

*[[gzip]] &ndash; The gzip file compressor

*[[pax (program)|pax]] &ndash; POSIX archive tool that handles multiple formats.

*[[TAR file format|tar]] &ndash; Tape ARchiver, concatenates files

*[[uncompress]] &ndash; Uncompresses files compressed with ''compress''.

*[[zcat]] &ndash; Prints files to stdout from gzip archives without unpacking them to separate file(s)

====Text Processing====

*[[awk]] &ndash; A pattern scanning and processing language

*[[cat (Unix)|cat]] &ndash; Concatenate files to standard output

*[[cmp]] &ndash; Compare two files byte for byte

*[[comm]] &ndash; Sort two files and compare them line for line

*[[csplit]] &ndash; Split a file into sections determined by context lines

*[[cut (Unix)|cut]] &ndash; Remove sections from each line of a file or standard input

*[[diff]] &ndash; Compare two files line by line

*[[expand]] &ndash; Convert tabs to spaces

*[[fold (Unix)|fold]] &ndash; Wrap each input line to fit within the given width

*[[grep]] &ndash; Print lines matching a pattern (now largely superseded by [[egrep]])

*[[join (Unix utility)|join]] &ndash; Join lines of two files on a common field

*[[merge (Unix)|merge]] &ndash; Three way merge of files (see also [[paste (Unix)|paste]])

*[[nl (Unix)|nl]] &ndash; Number the lines of a file

*[[paste (Unix)|paste]] &ndash; Merge lines of files

*[[patch (Unix)|patch]] &ndash; Change files based on a patch file

*[[rev (Unix)|rev]] &ndash; reverse lines of a file

*[[sed]] &ndash; Stream EDitor

*[[sort]] &ndash; Sort lines of text files

*[[split (Unix utility)|split]] &ndash; Split a file into pieces

*[[tac]] &ndash; <b>[[cat (Unix)|cat]]</b> in reverse &mdash; displays files to standard output in reverse order starting at the end of the file

*[[tail (Unix)|tail]] &ndash; Output the tail end of files

*[[tee (Unix)|tee]] &ndash; Read from standard input, write to standard output and files

*[[tr (program)|tr]] &ndash; Translate characters

*[[unexpand]] &ndash; Convert spaces to tabs

*[[uniq]] &ndash; Remove duplicate lines from a sorted file

*[[wc (Unix utility)|wc]] &ndash; Word/line/byte count

=====Editors=====

*[[ed]] &ndash; Traditional line-based Unix text editor

*[[emacs]] &ndash; Powerful [[Lisp programming language|Lisp]]&ndash;based text editor and general computing environment

*[[ex (editor)|ex]] &ndash; Text editor, often a [[symbolic link]] to vi (or vim) which causes it to run in ex emulation mode

*[[NEdit]] &ndash; The multi-purpose [[X11]] editor

*[[nano (text editor)|nano]] &ndash; Clone of pico

*[[pico (text editor)|pico]] &ndash; PIne's message COmposition editor

*[[sam (program)|sam]] &ndash; Bitmapped text editor with client-server design, by [[Rob Pike]]

*[[vi]] &ndash; Visual text editor

*[[vim (text editor)|vim]] &ndash; Vi IMproved, vi clone with [[syntax highlighting]] and many other enhancements

*[[XEmacs]] &ndash; Popular version of emacs that is derived from [[emacs|GNU emacs]]

====Conversion====

*[[iconv]] &ndash; Convert the encoding of the specified files

*[[NKF Japanese Encoder|nkf]] &ndash; Convert Japanese characters

====Other text processing commands====

*[[fc (Unix)|fc]] &ndash; Processes the command history list

*[[find]] &ndash; Search for files through a directory hierarchy

*[[tsort (Unix)|tsort]] &ndash; Perform a [[topological sorting|topological sort]]

*[[head (Unix)|head]] &ndash; Output the first parts of a file

*[[less (Unix)|less]] &ndash; Improved [[more (Unix)|more]]&ndash;like text pager

*[[more (Unix)|more]] &ndash; Pager

*[[od (Unix)|od]] &ndash; Dump files in various formats, e.g. octal

*[[cksum]] &ndash; Print the CRC checksum and bytecount of a file (see also [[MD5]])

*[[uudecode]] &ndash; Decodes a binary file that was used for transmission using electronic mail

*[[uuencode]] &ndash; Encodes a binary file for transmission using electronic mail

===Communication, networking and remote access===

*[[apache_server|Apache webserver]]

*[[Network File System|NFS]] &ndash; Network filesystem

*[[rsh]], [[SSH]], [[telnet]] &ndash; Remote consoles

*[[Samba software|samba]] &ndash; SMB and CIFS client and server for UNIX

====Network system services====

*[[xinetd]] &ndash; replacement for [[inetd]]

*[[fingerd]] &ndash; a daemon for finger &ndash; a program used return a human-readable status report on either the system at the moment or a particular person in depth

*[[inetd]] &ndash; a [[Daemon (computer software)|daemon]] on many Unix systems that manages Internet services

====Network Utilities====

*[[Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol|dhcpd]] - the DHCP daemon

*[[ifconfig]] - a tool used to configure a network interface for TCP/IP

*[[ping]] - a network tool that tests of whether a particular host is up and reachable on the network

*[[pppd]] - [[Point-to-Point]] protocol daemon

*[[TCP Wrapper|tcpd]] - Secures programs launched from [[inetd]]

====Network monitoring and security====

*[[Ethereal]] - a protocol analyzer, or "packet sniffer", similar to [[tcpdump]], that adds a GUI frontend, and more sorting and filtering options

*[[Ettercap (computing)|ettercap]] - a tool for network protocol analysis

*[[John the Ripper]] - password cracking software

*[[Nmap]] - free port scanning software

*[[Nessus (software)|Nessus]] - a comprehensive open-source network vulnerability scanning program

*[[Security Administrator Tool for Analyzing Networks|SATAN]] - the Security Administrator Tool for Analyzing Networks - a testing and reporting tool that collects a information about networked hosts

*[[snort]] - an open source network intrusion detection system

*[[tcpdump]] - a computer network debugging tool that intercepts and displays TCP/IP packets being transmitted or received

====Other communication commands====

*[[uux]] &ndash; Remote command execution over [[UUCP]]

*[[uustat]] &ndash; a Basic Networking Utilities (BNU) command that displays status information about several types of BNU operations

*[[elm (Unix)|elm]] &ndash; Unix mail utility program

*[[mailx]] &ndash; Improved Email utility

*[[Mutt (email client)|mutt]] &ndash; Curses based mail reader

*[[talk]] &ndash; Talk to another logged&ndash;in user

===Programming tools===

====Script Interpreters====

*[[awk]] &ndash; Standard Unix scripting and text manipulation tool

*[[perl]] &ndash; [[Perl]] [[scripting language]]

*[[python programming language|Python]] &ndash; [[Python programming language|Python]] [[scripting language]]

*[[bash]] &ndash; Bourne Again SHell, standard shell and a script interpreter on [[linux]] systems

==== [[Compilers]] and [[Programming tools]] ====

*[[c99]] &ndash; C programming language

*cc &ndash; [[C compiler]]

*[[ld (Unix)|ld]] &ndash; Program linker

*[[ctags]] &ndash; Generate tags file summarising ___location of objects in source files

*[[distcc]] &ndash; Tool for distributing compiles across multiple machines

*[[fort77]] &ndash; Fortran 77 compiler

*[[gcc]] &ndash; GNU Compiler Collection C frontend (also known as GNU C Compiler)

*[[lex]] &ndash; Lexical scanner generator

*[[m4 (language)|m4]] &ndash; Macro language

*[[make]] &ndash; Automate builds

*[[nm (UNIX)|nm]] &ndash; List symbols from object files

*[[strace]] &ndash; (Linux) or [[truss (Unix)|truss]] (Solaris) Trace system calls with their arguments and signals. Useful debugging tool, but does not trace userland calls.

*[[ktrace]] &ndash; (BSD) Analogous to strace.

*[[yacc]] &ndash; Parser generator

====[[Scripting language|Scripting]] utilities====

*expr &ndash; Evaluate expressions

*exit &ndash; Exit shell, optionally with return code

*return &ndash; Return from shell function

*false &ndash; Return a value that evaluates as False

*true &ndash; Return a value that evaluates as True

*[[xargs]] &ndash; Build and execute command lines from standard input

*[[basename]] &ndash; Returns the final component of a path

*[[batch (Unix)|batch]] &ndash; Runs jobs when the system load level permits

*[[unset]] &ndash; Unsets a shell variable

*[[continue]] &ndash; Skip the current iteration of a loop

*strings &ndash; Print strings of printable characters found in a file

*[[times (Unix)|times]]

*[[test (Unix)|test]] &ndash; Test an expression

*[[hash (Unix)|hash]] &ndash; Command that remembers or reports command path names

*[[shift]]

===User interfaces===

*[[X11]] - Graphical user interface (GUI)

====Desktops/Graphical User Interfaces====

*[[Blackbox]] and its variants (including [[Fluxbox]] and [[Waimea (X Window System)|Waimea]])

*[[CDE]] &ndash; Common Desktop Environment, most commonly found on proprietary UNIX systems

*[[Enlightenment (window manager)|Enlightenment]] &ndash; an open source window manager for the X Window System

*[[Fvwm]] and its variant Fvwm95, which has been modified to behave like Windows 95

*[[GNOME]] &ndash; GNU Network Object Model Environment

*[[IceWM]] &ndash; ICE Window Manager

*[[KDE]] &ndash; K Desktop Environment

*[[Quartz Compositor]] &ndash; [[Apple Computer|Apple]]'s GUI interface for the Darwin BSD based operating system [[Mac OS X]]

*[[Window Maker]]

*[[WMI (X window manager)|WMI]] &ndash; Window Manager Improved

*[[XFce]] &ndash; a desktop environment for Unix and other Unix-like platforms

====Shells====

*[[bash]] &ndash; Bourne Again SHell, standard shell on [[linux]] systems

*[[C shell|csh]] &ndash; C shell

*[[Korn shell|ksh]] &ndash; Korn shell, standard shell on most proprietary Unix systems

*[[rc shell|rc]] &ndash; originally written for [[Plan 9 (operating system)|Plan 9]]

*[[tcsh]] &ndash; [[TENEX]] C shell, standard shell on [[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]] systems

*[[Z shell|zsh]] &ndash; Z shell

===[[Computer security]]===

====[[Antivirus]]====

*[[ClamAV]] &ndash; Email virus scanner

====[[Cryptography]]====

*[[Enigmail]] &ndash; Graphical interface to [[gpg]] for [[Mozilla Application Suite]] and [[Mozilla Thunderbird]]

*[[gpg]] &ndash; GNU Privacy Guard, a complete and free replacement for [[PGP]] (to do file and email encryption and signature)

*[[openssl]] &ndash; Secure Sockets Layer and general crypto library

*[[pinepgp]] &ndash; Filters which enable pine to use signed/encrypted email

*[[mcrypt]] -- Replacement for the legacy crypt program, can also make OpenPGP-compatible files.

===Linux specific programs===

*[[Advanced Packaging Tool|apt]] &ndash; Front&ndash;end for dpkg or rpm

*[[Debconf (software package)|debconf]] &ndash; [[Debian]] package configuration management system

*[[drakconf]] &ndash; Frond&ndash;end configuration utility for [[Mandriva Linux]]

*[[dpkg]] &ndash; The Debian package manager

*[[emerge]] &ndash; A [[frontend]] to portage

*[[fink]] &ndash; The Fink package manager

*[[RPM Package Manager|rpm]] &ndash; Originally the package manager for [[Red Hat Linux]], now used by several distributions including [[Mandriva Linux]]

*[[Portage (software)|portage]] &ndash; The [[Gentoo Linux]] package manager

*[[urpmi]] &ndash; Front&ndash;end to rpm, used by [[Mandriva Linux]]

==[[Application software]]==

===[[Office suite]]===

*[[OpenOffice.org]]

*[[KOffice]]

===[[Multimedia]]===

*[[Audacity]] &ndash; Sound recording and editing program

*[[GIMP]] &ndash; Powerful image manipulation package

*[[GStreamer]] &ndash; Plugin-based multimedia framework

*[[ImageMagick]] &ndash; Image conversion library

*[[Inkscape]] &ndash; Vector graphics editor

*[[mpg123]] &ndash; MP3 player

*[[MPlayer]] &ndash; Movie player

*[[Rhythmbox]] &ndash; Audio jukebox similar to [[Apple]]'s [[iTunes]]

*[[Rosegarden]] &ndash; Powerful [[digital audio workstation]]

*[[SoX]] &ndash; Sound conversion tool

*[[Totem (media player)|Totem]] &ndash; Media player

*[[transcode]] &ndash; Flexible command-line media encoding tool

*[[xine]] &ndash; Video Player

*[[xmms]] &ndash; [[Winamp]]-like multimedia player

===[[Web browser]]s===

*[[Dillo]] &ndash; Extremely light&ndash;weight web browser

*[[Galeon]] &ndash; Light&ndash;weight old GNOME web browser

*[[Epiphany (web browser)|Epiphany]] &ndash; Light&ndash;weight GNOME web browser

*[[Konqueror]] &ndash; KDE web browser

*[[Links (web browser)|Links]] &ndash; Console based web browser

*[[ELinks]] &ndash; Enhanced links

*[[Lynx (web browser)|lynx]] &ndash; Console based web browser

*[[Mozilla Application Suite]] &ndash; Graphical cross platform web browser & email client

*[[Mozilla Firefox]] &ndash; Extensible Web browser from [[Mozilla]]

*[[Mozilla Thunderbird]] &ndash; Extensible [[Email client]] from [[Mozilla]]

*[[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] &ndash; Web browser and [[Email client|e-mail client]]

===Desktop Publishing===

*[[Groff]] &ndash; Traditional typesetting system

*[[LaTeX]] &ndash; Popular [[TeX]] macro package for higher&ndash;level typesetting

*[[lp (Unix)|lp]] &ndash; Print a file (on a line printer)

*[[Passepartout (publishing)|Passepartout]] &ndash; Desktop publishing program

*[[pr (Unix)|pr]] &ndash; Convert text files for printing

*[[printf]] &ndash; Format and print data

*[[Scribus]] &ndash; Desktop publishing program

*[[TeX]] &ndash; High&ndash;quality macro&ndash;based typesetting system

*[[troff]] &ndash; The original and standard Unix typesetting system

===[[Database management system|Databases]]===

*[[DB2]]

*[[Firebird (database server)|Firebird]]

*[[MySQL]]

*[[Oracle database|Oracle]]

*[[PostgreSQL]]

*[[Progress (DBMS)]] [http://www.progress.com]

*[[SQLite]]

*[[Sybase]]

===Mathematical and scientific software===

*[[maxima]] &ndash; Symbol manipulation program

*[[Units (computer program)|units]] &ndash; Unit conversion program

*[[GNU Octave | octave]] &ndash; Numerical computing language (mostly compatible with [[Matlab]]) and environment.

===Desktop utilities===

*[[dc (Unix)|dc]] &ndash; Reverse-Polish desk calculator which supports unlimited precision arithmetic

*[[fortune_(program)|fortune]] &ndash; Fortune cookie program that prints a random quote

*[[bc programming language|bc]] &ndash; An arbitrary precision calculator language with syntax similar to the C programming language.

*[[cal (program)|cal]] &ndash; Displays a calendar

==See also==

*[[List of UNIX daemons]]

*[[List of GNU packages]]

*[[List of open source software packages]]

*[[List of KDE applications]]

*[[List of GNOME applications]]

== External links ==

* [http://directory.fsf.org/ FSF/UNESCO Free Software Directory] &ndash; A catalog of useful free software

* [http://freshmeat.net/browse/ Freshmeat software catalog] &ndash; The Web's largest index of Unix and cross-platform software

* [http://sourceforge.net/ SourceForge] &ndash; The world's largest development and download repository of Open Source code and applications

* [http://www.linuxlinks.com/Software/ Linux Links: Software] &ndash; Linux software catalog

* [http://www.linux.org/apps/ Linux Online - Applications] &ndash; Linux software catalog

[[Category:Lists of software|Unix programs]]

[[Category:UnixSystem softwareadministration]]

[[Category:Unix SUS2008 utilities| ]]

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