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== French composers of piano works since 1950 ==
Although I have found, through on-line music stores, two composers who died only recently, both having written piano works, I would like a greater selection from which to choose works written as recently as possible, having a very French flavour. Unless I buy these books I have no way of knowing the difficulty or style of the works.
= August 14 =
Alternatively, can you give me some on-line contacts to French music publishing houses or shops which deal with french piano music.
== Fritz Derby Day and the Idylls of the King? ==
At a later date. I'd like to do the same with piano music from other countries.
Watching the ''[[Upstairs, Downstairs (1971 TV series)|Upstairs, Downstairs]]'' episode [[The New Man (Upstairs, Downstairs)|The New Man]], and Lawrence Kirbridge, who perhaps was "not the marrying kind", rebukes his new wife [[Elizabeth Bellamy|Elizabeth]] for quoting her grandfather about carving meat. He says something like "your grandfather's notion of art is centred on Fritz Derby Day and Tennyson's "[[Idylls of the King]]". Like any English gentleman I am of course familiar with [[Tennyson]] and his Idylls. Fritz Derby Day on the other hand I do not know. Could anyone here help? Thank you, [[User:DuncanHill|DuncanHill]] ([[User talk:DuncanHill|talk]]) 21:56, 14 August 2025 (UTC)
: [[Poulenc]] died after 1950. You can also look at the French composers category for more. [[User:Dysprosia|Dysprosia]] 00:04, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
:Some favorites of mine are [[Jean Françaix]] (1912-1997), [[Henri Dutilleux]] (b. 1916), and [[Alexandre Tansman]] (1897 - 1986) -- OK, so Tansman was born a Polish Jew, but he lived in France and may as well have been a Frenchman. As Dysprosia suggests, [[:Category:French composers]] may be helpful, as will [[List of 20th century classical composers]]. [[User:Mindspillage|Mindspillage]] [[User talk:Mindspillage|(spill yours?)]] 22:58, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
:[[The Derby Day|Frith's Derby Day]] is a very interesting painting from a social history perspective, but I suppose if her grandfather liked it he wasn't showing great discernment since {{tq|it became so popular that a rail was needed to protect it from the thronging crowds}}. [[User:Card_Zero|<span style=" background-color:#fffff0; border:1px #995; border-style:dotted solid solid dotted;"> Card Zero </span>]] [[User_talk:Card_Zero|(talk)]] 22:07, 14 August 2025 (UTC)
== Where can I find schematic of Christian denominational taxonomy? ==
::Ah thank you! Not Fritz but Frith's :) I can't say I agree with the "if it's popular it isn't any good" judgment, but then the Frith I'm most familiar with is [[Francis Frith|Francis]], and as for [[Fritz]] then it's the Kaiser. I honestly thought "Derby Day" was my mishearing of some sort of foreign name like "D'Arby D'Ez", not the actual Epsonian event. Much appreciated. [[User:DuncanHill|DuncanHill]] ([[User talk:DuncanHill|talk]]) 22:19, 14 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Help me out with a small matter, then: do you see a "high-class prostitute in brown riding clothes is on the extreme left"? It looks to me like brown is an error for black. [[User:Card_Zero|<span style=" background-color:#fffff0; border:1px #995; border-style:dotted solid solid dotted;"> Card Zero </span>]] [[User_talk:Card_Zero|(talk)]] 22:26, 14 August 2025 (UTC)
::::{{re|Card Zero}} With a white collar and looking across to her right? She is in black. To her right are a young woman in russet grasping the arm of her rosy-cheeked beau in a smock. [[User:DuncanHill|DuncanHill]] ([[User talk:DuncanHill|talk]]) 22:53, 14 August 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thanks, Ima change it. It's been like that since the article was created, but they didn't have the main image back then, only the preliminary sketch without prostitute, so no easy reference to catch the mistake I guess. [[User:Card_Zero|<span style=" background-color:#fffff0; border:1px #995; border-style:dotted solid solid dotted;"> Card Zero </span>]] [[User_talk:Card_Zero|(talk)]] 23:11, 14 August 2025 (UTC)
::::::It is conceivable that inspection of the actual painting will show that what appears as black in this digital image is in fact a dark brown. One report that the colour is brown:
:::::::"Echoing her position, a well-known Horse woman called <u>Annie Gilbert</u>, in brown riding clothes is on the extreme left, one of many that could be seen each day riding in Rotten Row, Hyde Park."<sup>[https://www.shafe.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/TB-People-and-Places-in-the-Nineteenth-Century-Shafe-45-mins-2017-06.pdf], p. 41</sup>
:::::: ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 08:43, 15 August 2025 (UTC)
:::::::That is almost exactly the article text, and the rest of the description matches the things mentioned by the article too. It's evidently the source, and it's the source of the error, so say I. Maybe I have to cite this source, and revert it to "brown", unless somebody wants to contact Laurence Shafe and get him to admit the clothes are black. Well ... this might be time to trot out the "according to" phrase. Or one of those <sup>[a]</sup> note things. [[User:Card_Zero|<span style=" background-color:#fffff0; border:1px #995; border-style:dotted solid solid dotted;"> Card Zero </span>]] [[User_talk:Card_Zero|(talk)]] 12:37, 15 August 2025 (UTC)
::::::::The article by Shafe is dated July 2017, but mention of brown riding clothes on the extreme left were already present in the earliest revision of the Wikipedia article, created 28 January 2012. If Shafe is the source, it must have been through an earlier version of the text in the 45-minute tour now on the Web. It presumably also would mean our article may be a copyvio. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 21:50, 15 August 2025 (UTC)
::::How can we know the figure represents a courtesan (possibly even specifically [[Catherine Walters]])? Maybe this would have been obvious to a 19th-century observer, but for stating this as a fact in Wikipedia today it could do with a citation to a reliable source. In fact, there appears to be evidence that Frith depicted accomplished equestrian [[Annie Gilbert]] here,<sup>[https://rosiehharte.substack.com/p/tis-pity-shes-a-whore-or-is-she][https://susannaforrest.blog/page/4/][https://www.shafe.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/TB-People-and-Places-in-the-Nineteenth-Century-Shafe-45-mins-2017-06.pdf]</sup> who was also the model for [[Edwin Landseer]]'s ''[[:File:The Shrew Tamed.jpg|The Shrew Tamed]]''. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 08:30, 15 August 2025 (UTC)
:::::The Laurence Shafe source says {{tq|Many such as Catherine ‘Skittles’ Walters, were courtesans but it appears Miss Gilbert was a horsewoman}}, so there's something funny about how the article has apparently copied nearly all of it but contradicts that part. Perhaps Shafe wrote otherwise in some previous description (or is copying from some other source) and changed his mind subsequently. Cans of worms, good grief. You try to change one simple obvious fact about a color ... [[User:Card_Zero|<span style=" background-color:#fffff0; border:1px #995; border-style:dotted solid solid dotted;"> Card Zero </span>]] [[User_talk:Card_Zero|(talk)]] 12:46, 15 August 2025 (UTC)
:::::: The obvious question is: Are being a horsewoman and being a courtesan mutually exclusive? -- [[User:JackofOz|<span style="font-family: Papyrus;">Jack of Oz</span>]] [[User talk:JackofOz#top|<span style="font-size:85%; font-family: Verdana;"><sup>[pleasantries]</sup></span>]] 18:42, 15 August 2025 (UTC)
:::::::That's the point: Walters and her coterie were indeed both – from her article: "She was a part of the "pretty horsebreakers", a group of courtesans made famous by their remarkable horsemanship. Walters' skills in the saddle allowed her to mix easily with high society."
:::::::Gilbert was (presumably) not a courtesan, but she (allegedly) modelled for the painting by Albert Landseer which may have been intended to evoke Walters, whom Gilbert resembled, and which was taken by many actually to be a portrait of Walters. {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} [[Special:Contributions/90.210.150.115|90.210.150.115]] ([[User talk:90.210.150.115|talk]]) 02:30, 16 August 2025 (UTC)
Who copied whom? Without access to a time machine, an article written in 2012 did not use a PDF dated 2017 as a source. ''Evidently''. If I ''had'' used a source, I would have noted it at the time, just like the other sources that I did use and note [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Derby_Day&oldid=473613621 at the time]. If you have the time and the inclination, you could perhaps just delete the whole useless outdated thing and write something better. [[User:Theramin|Theramin]] ([[User talk:Theramin|talk]]) 00:16, 16 August 2025 (UTC)
:The time mismatch was noticed already above; the [[Special:Diff/1306089535|edit summary]] was "2017 > 2012". But can you ([[User:Theramin|Theramin]]) explain the mention of <u>brown</u> riding clothes? [[:File:William Powell Frith - The Derby Day - Google Art Project.jpg]] had not been uploaded yet in 2012, nor AFAICS any other version showing a woman in riding clothes on the extreme left. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 07:42, 16 August 2025 (UTC)
Where can I find schematic of Christian denominational taxonomy that includes North American denominations? The one in the [[Christian Denomination]] article is not detailed enough to satisfy my curiosity. Also, are there detailed ones out there for Islam and Judaism?--[[User:RPlunk|RPlunk]] 02:29, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
:[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=3&IndexView=toc This ebook] is a good taxonomy of all the Eastern churches, most of which you'll find represented in North American even though they originated elsewhere. I don't know any sources for a broader view. [[User:Isomorphic|Isomorphic]] 06:22, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
= August 16 =
== John F. Kennedy at the 1956 Democratic National Convention ==
== House of Stuart to House of Hanover? ==
Hello. At the 1956 Democratic Convention, [[John F. Kennedy]] attempted to run for vice-president but lost out to Estes Kefauver. I heard his words on radio and I would like to find a transcript. Where can I find an online transcript of everything Kennedy said at the convention? Thank you. --[[User:Blue387|Blue387]] 04:37, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
* Blue387,
I had a look at the articles about British monarchs on Wikipedia about which houses they came from. Apparently the [[House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] changed into the [[House of Windsor]] because the monarchs didn't want to sound German and just changed their name. Previously, the [[House of Hanover]] changed into the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha when [[Queen Victoria]] from the House of Hanover married [[Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]. But how and why did the [[House of Stuart]] change into the House of Hanover between [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]] and [[George I of Great Britain|George I]]? [[User:JIP|<span style="color: #CC0000;">J</span><span style="color: #00CC00;">I</span><span style="color: #0000CC;">P</span>]] | [[User talk:JIP|Talk]] 11:22, 16 August 2025 (UTC)
The [[John F. Kennedy]] Presidential Library has a reference desk see [http://www.jfklibrary.org/refdesk.htm]. You could try contacting them at John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library - Columbia Point - Boston, Massachusetts 02125
:George I was related to the Stuarts through the female line. When a female member of the House of Stuart married any children would be members of the house of her husband. George was born in Hanover, and had his mother lived another 65 days she would have become Queen, and the House of Stuart would have changed into the House of Bohemia. [[Special:Contributions/2A02:C7C:F2D0:B700:CCF4:52B2:F721:4B9F|2A02:C7C:F2D0:B700:CCF4:52B2:F721:4B9F]] ([[User talk:2A02:C7C:F2D0:B700:CCF4:52B2:F721:4B9F|talk]]) 12:46, 16 August 2025 (UTC)
Tel: 1-866-JFK-1960 Fax: 617-514-1652. Their e-mail is kennedy.library at nara.gov. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 04:50, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
::Thanks for your answer. [[User:JIP|<span style="color: #CC0000;">J</span><span style="color: #00CC00;">I</span><span style="color: #0000CC;">P</span>]] | [[User talk:JIP|Talk]] 14:48, 16 August 2025 (UTC)
:::The question of what to call the ruling house was raised in the 1950’s, when Queen Elizabeth II came to the throne: Should her family continue to use “Windsor” or should they follow older tradition and switch to “Battenberg” or “Mountbatten” (her husband’s house)? It was decided to continue with Windsor. [[User:Blueboar|Blueboar]] ([[User talk:Blueboar|talk]]) 15:26, 16 August 2025 (UTC)
: Our article says that Queen Victoria remained in the House of Hanover all her life, and the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha came into being only when Edward VII acceded to the throne on her death. The change was a ''result'' of Victoria's marriage to Prince Albert, but it did not ''come about'' immediately upon her marriage, but only on her death. -- [[User:JackofOz|<span style="font-family: Papyrus;">Jack of Oz</span>]] [[User talk:JackofOz#top|<span style="font-size:85%; font-family: Verdana;"><sup>[pleasantries]</sup></span>]] 17:23, 16 August 2025 (UTC)
== Bully case ==
= August 17 =
What should I do if no one in my own country which is Malaysia does want to help me?
== Civil war Union unit called G. A. T. ==
I need help. I need a lawyer or advocate to settle down problems i face. My relatives and their friends control my life; every aspect of my life. Their main concern of me is my financial and marriage/friendships/relationships. I have now reached the age of having financial independant, which means working & earning for my own living. This group of people use their own means to cut off my income and make sure I am alone, living in family circle without any friends. They also make sure I cannot obtain any evidence to sue them. They force me to be broke and humiliate us by being seen nakedness in toilet or bathroom.
In [[s:Index:Maurine and Other Poems.djvu|Maurine and Other Poems]] (1882) by [[Ella Wheeler Wilcox]], the poem "After the Battles Are Over" ([[s:Page:Maurine and Other Poems.djvu/179|here]] and on the following six pages), has a note that says: {{tq|Read at Re-union of the G. A. T., Madison, Wis., July 4, 1872}}. Anyone have an idea what G. A. T. stands for? I can't find anything that makes sense. Based on the poem it's probably some Union military unit. The poem also mentions various battles but I'm not sure if it's really intended to list battles that unit participated in. — [[User:Alien333|Alien]] [[User talk:Alien333|<b style="display:inline-block;line-height:100%;font-size:60%;background-image:linear-gradient(90deg,#007,#077,#070);background-clip:text;color:transparent"> 3<br/>3 3</b>]] 18:22, 17 August 2025 (UTC)
Besides that, i face discrimination by my community and they reject to talk to me or work with me. Some of them might be under threaten by the above mentioned group of relatives and their friends. Some of them might use all types of excuses to discriminate me.
:From [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_uMqAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA705#v=onepage&q&f=false this] it appears that she wrote the poem for a reunion of the Grand Army of the Tennessee, whatever that was. --[[User:Antiquary|Antiquary]] ([[User talk:Antiquary|talk]]) 19:54, 17 August 2025 (UTC)
::Oh, I see we have an article on the [[Army of the Tennessee]], which I imagine is the same thing. As an Englishman my ignorance on this subject is profound. --[[User:Antiquary|Antiquary]] ([[User talk:Antiquary|talk]]) 19:59, 17 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Perhaps the name "Grand" was inspired by the [[Grand Army of the Republic]], and possibly referred to a Tennessee-specific chapter of it? (It's a fraternal organisation of Union veterans, so would make sense for a 1872 reunion.) — [[User:Alien333|Alien]] [[User talk:Alien333|<b style="display:inline-block;line-height:100%;font-size:60%;background-image:linear-gradient(90deg,#007,#077,#070);background-clip:text;color:transparent"> 3<br/>3 3</b>]] 20:01, 17 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Actually; [[:File:General_Grant's_tour_around_the_world%3B_(IA_generalgrantstou00hickiala).pdf]] and a few other historical accounts do mention a Grand Army of the Tennessee as a military unit, notably related to the [[Siege of Corinth]]. Given that page mentions how that siege involved three joined Union armies, including the Army of the Tennesee, I suspect that Grand Army of the Tennessee was the name for the group of the three of them.
:::What corroborates this is that when that pdf mentions a Grand Army of the Tennessee on page 27, it says it had 120,000 soldiers, which according to our article for the siege was the sum of the Union forces, whereas the Army of the Tennessee proper only had 50,000 men. Case closed, I suppose? Thanks for the help! — [[User:Alien333|Alien]] [[User talk:Alien333|<b style="display:inline-block;line-height:100%;font-size:60%;background-image:linear-gradient(90deg,#007,#077,#070);background-clip:text;color:transparent"> 3<br/>3 3</b>]] 20:12, 17 August 2025 (UTC)
::::Interesting! I would have assumed a typo for "G.A.R." Never heard of the Grand Army of the Tennessee before. [[User:Nyttend|Nyttend]] ([[User talk:Nyttend|talk]]) 10:51, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
= August 18 =
I seek help from many people, including church leaders, local political leaders, lawyers and etc. They all told lies and they received money as the rewards to bully me.
== AU local council property = Crown property? ==
I don't know how to live on. Can you teach me how to live on without money? What type of help can i get? From where?
Imagine a piece of property owned by your average local council, e.g. a reserve or public library or council offices. Is it property of the Crown in right of whatever state you're in, even though it's not directly owned by the state, and does the answer vary from state to state? (Unless there's a relevant law already in place, the state government can't just sell off or repurpose the property in the way they could a police station; they'd have to get the council's permission, or abolish the council, or put a bill through state parliament permitting the action in question.) Obviously there's no Crown-in-right-of-the-City-of-Melbourne, Crown-in-right-of-the-City-of-Sydney, etc. but one one hand it seems odd to imagine that public property would not be owned by the Crown in some sense, whilst on the other hand I suppose there's a difference between property owned directly by the state and property owned by public entities that aren't the state. This grows out of [[Adverse possession#Overview by country]], which notes that adverse possession doesn't apply to Crown land in four states and has a much longer requirement than private land in the other two states; I'm unclear whether this is true of land owned by local governments or only of land owned directly by the state. Given the subject matter, I can't figure out how to search for the answer; my searches have left me wondering if council property is perhaps Crown-in-right-of-state property that the council manages, but I'm very unclear. [[User:Nyttend|Nyttend]] ([[User talk:Nyttend|talk]]) 10:50, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
:The reference desk is primarily a place where we try to answer factual questions, rather than guidance in how to live one's life. Also, the economic situation, culture and legal system of your country are considerably different to my own, and those of the majority of the regular contributors to the Wikipedia reference desk.
:I would think that the offices of, say, Melbourne City Council, are not separable property but are part of the building in which they are located. In Melbourne this is [[Melbourne Town Hall]]. I suppose this building is the property of the City of Melbourne, not of its Council. I suspect that city councils, not only in Australia but in most jurisdictions, are not [[juridical person]]s that can themselves own property. Two or more persons (natural or legal) can be [[Concurrent estate|co-owners of property]], but I doubt such arrangements exist of property being co-owned by [[administrative division]]s at different levels, except in special cases by special arrangements. So, if I am correct, [[Victoria (state)|Victoria]] has no property right to Melbourne Town Hall, so the building is not Crown property. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 00:30, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
:That said, if you are indeed old enough to live and work independently, if you can establish yourself with a home and an income that doesn't depend on your family, you can then sort out your other affairs from a position of strength rather than weakness.
::Sorry for the confusion — at least here in Victoria, people say "the council" both when referring to the shire/city/borough and when referring to the group of elected officials who administer it, and that's what I meant. My local public library is owned and operated by "the council", even though the elected councillors don't participate in day-to-day operations. Whether here or in other states, do councils/LGAs actually own property, or do they merely administer it on behalf of the Crown-in-right of the state? I see your last sentence, but it sounds like you're not certain about your supposition. [[User:Nyttend|Nyttend]] ([[User talk:Nyttend|talk]]) 20:51, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
= August 19 =
:But before taking any action, maybe you should talk to somebody who can provide you with some guidance to evaluate your options - somebody who has no connection with your family, and, if coercion by them is an issue, somebody who is not susceptible to such coercion. Somebody who doesn't live in the same ___location as you, perhaps? Somebody who is a member of a different ethnic community?
== St. Vitus being pushed into the oven ==
:I'm sorry if my response is a bit vague. I wish you well in confronting the difficult issues you are clearly facing. Maybe somebody else who knows a bit more about Malaysia may be able to provide some more specific responses in terms of what legal and counselling services may be available to assist somebody in your situation. --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 14:33, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
[https://realonline.imareal.sbg.ac.at/en/detail/nr-000706] That is apparently a medieval painting depicting an event that the article [[St. Vitus]] doesn't say anything about. Any idea who the artist is, and what was supposed to be happening? The pic has been circulating as a meme captioned "Guys, are you sure this is an MRI scan?" if of any interest. I pasted it into Tineye to find the museum page. Thanks. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:8581:75B0:D24C:4669:D137:D5D0|2601:644:8581:75B0:D24C:4669:D137:D5D0]] ([[User talk:2601:644:8581:75B0:D24C:4669:D137:D5D0|talk]]) 00:31, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
I think when someone describes how "church leaders, local political leaders, lawyers and etc ...all told lies and they received money as the rewards to bully me", he is describing a problem to which your suggestion is not the answer. I am being opaque here out of lack of details and desire not to aggravate the poor guy's problems, but think about the probabilities... [[User:Alteripse|alteripse]] 15:15, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
:The relevant institute of the [[University of Salzburg|Salzburg University]] (the alma mater of [[Leopold Mozart]]) is located in Krems / Danube, some 100km west of Vienna. A link to contact this dependeance is given in your reference. [[User:Cookatoo.ergo.ZooM|Cookatoo.ergo.ZooM]] ([[User talk:Cookatoo.ergo.ZooM|talk]]) 07:05, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
Thank you for your suggestions (N0. 153: Bully case) and I have tried to talk to someone from outside my community or different regions. They all are bribed with money and they left me in misery. A lot of people use me to get money. They all turned into multi-millioners overnight. It sounds crazy, but it is real. I know you won't believe me and think that I had the idea of bribery because they can't provide a solution to my problems. It is actually happening, in my surroundings.It is definitely true. That is why I cannot get help anywhere. That is why my problems still unresolved.
: The realonline website you linked to has a tab with metadata containing most of the info you probably need: [https://realonline.imareal.sbg.ac.at/en/detail/nr-000706]. According to that, it's part of a winged altarpiece from the late 15th century, from [[Styria]], now located in Vienna, and the painter is identified as the "Master of the Legend of Saint Veit", which presumably means it's an anonymous artists associated with this particular piece as his main attested work. [[User:Future Perfect at Sunrise|Fut.Perf.]] [[User talk:Future Perfect at Sunrise|☼]] 07:57, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
May I know is Wikipedia a representative of Commonwealth countries? If not, how can I contact the actual Commonwealth Organization that can provide me legal advice? Is there any legal department in Commonwealth Organization? I know it is a very personal problem, but if a citizen cannot get help from her own country, can she get help from overseas, especially commonwealth countries?
:::I'd go further than "presumably". "Master of the <[[namepiece]]>", such as "[[Master of the Aachen Altar]]", "[[Master of the Legend of Saint Barbara]]", "[[Master of the Legend of the Magdalen]]", "[[Master of the Virgo inter Virgines]]", ..., is the standard way of coining a ''[[Notname]]'' for otherwise nameless makers of medieval artwork. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 14:18, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
:: And here [https://books.google.ch/books?id=B0RxOatqGwoC&pg=PA371&dq=%22st+vitus%22+%22oven%22&hl=de&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8i-LJtJaPAxXm6wIHHXGkJeUQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=%22st%20vitus%22%20%22oven%22&f=false] is an English translation of the medieval legend of the martyrdom – in this text it's described as a "furnace" or an "oven" in which the saint was "standing". There are more frequent conventional depictions of the saint in medieval art where he is standing in a cauldron of what is supposedly hot oil, the version where it's more like a baker's oven may be particular to this one painting. <small>(In any case, he is reported to have survived it unharmed, so maybe it was an MRI scanner after all.)</small> [[User:Future Perfect at Sunrise|Fut.Perf.]] [[User talk:Future Perfect at Sunrise|☼]] 08:11, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
:::The term used in the [http://www.liberius.net/livres/Selecta_martyrum_acta_(tomus_primus)_000000437.pdf Latin original] is ''[[wikt:clibanus|clibanus]]'', which is glossed as "1. earthenware or iron vessel for cooking bread; 2. oven, furnace." Considering its etymology (see {{serif|[[wikt:κρίβανος|κρίβανος]]}}), the depiction of the saint-to-be being slid into a tunnel-shaped oven like an oversized meatloaf seems more plausible than having him stand up in a cauldron. However, the depiction is possibly not fully true to the Latin text, which has him ''jactatus [...] in medium clibani instar maris fervescentis'' ("thrown into the middle of the furnace like a boiling sea"). This would require implausible aiming precision of the throwers, given the limited size of the furnace's orifice as depicted. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 15:00, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
:A discussion of the piece is found [https://vgprovenienzforschung.volkskundemuseum.at/en/belvedere/ here]. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 14:22, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
:The painting is also on the Commons: [[:File:Meister der Veitslegende - Martyrium des hl. Veit (Vorderseite), Christus vor Kaiphas (Rückseite) - 10886 - Belvedere.jpg]]. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 15:08, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
== Tikal–Calakmul wars ==
: I happen to know a person who lives in Malaysia and reports a problem very similar to yours. His name is '''Julian Goh''' & among other places he hangs out at Yahoo Groups TYR, so you can probably locate him there if you interested in comparing notes. His problem is not with family members but former employers, and he also got into a relationship with a woman who is in the family of the nation's leadership, which got the nation's secret police on his case (initially just to investigate anyone dating family members of nation's leaders), which he told me as a warning that they probably reading any e-mail I should send him so I should be careful. I told him that people who get in the habit of not doing illegal immoral unethical stuff or supporting any such behavior should have nothing to fear from whoever reads their e-mail. I not want to suggest he doing any such, but we did have some differences of opinion of what is appropriate based on our different cultural backgrounds. Anyhow, because I have met other people in USA with same kind of problem as Julian and you describe, I do know it happens, but I also suspect that in some cases people can be overly paranoid, ascribing evil explanations to stuff that happened for innocent reasons, or not understanding the context. I think in Julian's case, since he has been to universities in Australia and Taiwan, having seen how other cultures function, he is having trouble understanding how some things are done differently in different nations.
[[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 20:00, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
The article [[Tikal–Calakmul wars]] [[First Tikal–Calakmul War|and]] [[Second Tikal–Calakmul War|its]] [[Third Tikal–Calakmul War|derivatives]] raise my doubt. [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Tikal%E2%80%93Calakmul+War&btnG= I have not found any authoritative sources that claim that these wars took place]. more precisely, I did not find the statement that there were three wars that lasted a certain time. I checked the sources in the articles, they say that these were long-term conflicts, but no distinction was made. It looks like [[Wikipedia:No original research|original research]] [[User:Двадцать четыре|Двадцать четыре]] ([[User talk:Двадцать четыре|talk]]) 17:31, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
:I have a suggestion: leave. If all the people who are bothering you live nearby, then going to another city may free you from their influence. It may be necessary to move in secret (without telling them), so they can't find you in your new ___location, at least not until you have established an independent life. However, you may find that these people were also helping you more than you knew, in which case this would be a valuable lesson and you could then return. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 19:34, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
:It may be well be [[WP:OR]]. I haven't seen a good recent source with a synthesis on this topic. The sources in the article are mostly general ones that I don't think support the details of the article. The best sources I have handy are
:{{cite web|last=Guenter|first=Stanley|date=March 2002|title=UNDER A FALLING STAR:THE HIATUS AT TIKAL|url=https://www.academia.edu/download/62218714/Guenter_2002_-_MA_Hiatus_at_Tikal20200227-58118-1pu9otk.pdf|website = |___location=Bundoora, Victoria 3086 Australia|publisher=School of Archaeology, Faculty of Social Sciences, La Trobe University}}
:{{cite web |last=Boot |first=Eric |date=October 12, 2002 |title=THE LIFE AND TIMES OF B’ALAH CHAN K’AWIL OF MUTAL (DOS PILAS),ACCORDING TO DOS PILAS HIEROGLYPHIC STAIRWAY 2 |url=https://www.mesoweb.com/features/boot/DPLHS2.pdf |website= |___location=Rijswijk, the Netherlands |publisher=Mesoweb}}
:{{cite web |last=Boot |first=Eric |date=October 13, 2002 |title=THE DOS PILAS-TIKAL WARS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DOS PILAS HIEROGLYPHIC STAIRWAY 4 |url=https://www.mesoweb.com/features/boot/DPLHS4.pdf |website= |___location=Rijswijk, the Netherlands |publisher=Mesoweb |access-date=}} {{cite web |last=Guenter |first=Stanley |date=2003 |title=THE INSCRIPTIONS OF DOS PILAS ASSOCIATED WITH B’AJLAJ CHAN K’AWIIL |url=https://www.mesoweb.com/features/guenter/DosPilas.pdf |website= |___location= |publisher=Mesoweb}}
:{{cite book|last1= Martin|first1= Simon|last2 = Nikolai|first2 = Grube|date = March 25, 2008|title = Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens|___location= United Kingdom|publisher = WW Norton|isbn= 9780500287262|edition = 2nd}} [[User:Eluchil404|Eluchil404]] ([[User talk:Eluchil404|talk]]) 00:47, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
::As far as i understand, the only war clearly mentioned in the sources is the civil war in Tikal. But here too there is a question about the right of its existence, since everything can fit into the biography of [[Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil]]. [[User:Двадцать четыре|Двадцать четыре]] ([[User talk:Двадцать четыре|talk]]) 05:53, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Martin, Simon. ''Ancient Maya politics: a political anthropology of the Classic Period 150–900 CE''. Cambridge University Press, 2020. is another source to check. I don't have a hard copy and find it much more dense and theoretical when compared to the sources given above, even the technical ones from Mesoweb, but at least it's a modern synthesis not a 20-year-old virtually primary source. Chapter 9 is on Conflict and includes a case study of "War and Exile on the Stairways of Dos Pilas" which would be the conflicts in question. My understanding is that the battles in the articles are real; it's just the delineation of separate, numbered wars that is OR since the political situation is not always clear. I.e. was a cessation of fighting just an illusion based on incomplete records, a truce, an occupation, a usurpation by a rival king, in this case, scholars (or at least Stanley Guenter) have guesses but can't say for certain in light of an incomplete record. [[User:Eluchil404|Eluchil404]] ([[User talk:Eluchil404|talk]]) 20:45, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Looking more closely at the articles themselves, it is clear that they reflect the basic analysis of Simon Martin rather than Stanley Guenter. I have a strong preference for Guenter's style and a mild one for his conclusions so I went to him first, but the idea of Tikal and Calakmul as two superpowers dominating late Classic politics like the USA and Soviet Union dominated the late twentieth century is fairly traceable to Martin, IMO. But I would argue that the pages you mentioned at the beginning are not a reasonable summary of his published work and are fairly read as OR synthesis based on Martin and Grube 2000 (the cited source) and maybe some (uncited) popular science write-ups or unpublished conference presentations. I won't format most of these links to avoid cluttering up the page.
:::[https://www.mesoweb.com/articles/martin/SiteQ.pdf Site Q: The Case for a Classic Maya Super-Polity]
:::[https://www.mesoweb.com/articles/martin/Macro-Politics.pdf Evidence for Macro-Political Organization Amongst Classic Maya Lowland States]
:::MARTIN, S., and N. GRUBE. "Maya superstates." Archaeology 48, no. 6 (1995): 41-46.
:::[https://www.mesoweb.com/pari/publications/RT10/StarWar.pdf Tikal's "Star War" Against Naranjo]
:::[https://www.mesoweb.com/pari/publications/journal/201/DoubleBird.pdf Unmasking "Double Bird", Ruler of Tikal]
:::[https://www.mesoweb.com/pari/publications/journal/201/DoubleBird.pdf Caracol Altar 21 Revisited: More Data on Double Bird and Tikal's Wars of the Mid-Sixth Century]
:::Martin, Simon. ''Ancient Maya politics: a political anthropology of the Classic Period 150–900 CE''. Cambridge University Press, 2020.
:::[[User:Eluchil404|Eluchil404]] ([[User talk:Eluchil404|talk]]) 00:26, 21 August 2025 (UTC)
::::No one denies these conflicts, but such a specific selection in the articles is very similar to the original research. Even if there is something in this source, it is not enough. These wars can be moved to articles on the history of cities, biographies and others. Separate articles are superfluous [[User:Двадцать четыре|Двадцать четыре]] ([[User talk:Двадцать четыре|talk]]) 09:36, 21 August 2025 (UTC)
===Subsidiary question===
What kind of sources exist for pre-Columbian Mayan politics? Obviously we have some written records that are secondary sources, but what about primary written records? Would archaeological artefacts (without inscriptions) be able to yield much information on the question? [[User:Nyttend|Nyttend]] ([[User talk:Nyttend|talk]]) 02:46, 21 August 2025 (UTC)
:Of the presumably many thousands of pre-Columbian [[Mayan codices|Mayan manuscripts]], only four have survived the destruction campaign waged by [[Diego de Landa]]. None cover political events or themes. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 12:41, 21 August 2025 (UTC)
== Derrida's Deconstructionist theory ==
::There are also surviving monumental inscriptions, though we don't seem to have an overview-style article on them. Mentioned [[Mesoamerican_literature#Monumental_Inscriptions|here]] and we have some decent articles on the individual sites, such as [[Yaxchilan]]. The quantity, quality, and nature of such inscriptions is sufficient that our article at [[Palenque]] has a list of rulers stretching back hundreds of years. [[User:Matt Deres|Matt Deres]] ([[User talk:Matt Deres|talk]]) 14:11, 21 August 2025 (UTC)
I'm not sure what your question is, but I would suggest looking at the [[Jacques Derrida]], [[Deconstruction]], and [[post-structuralism]] articles for more information. If you have a more specific question please post it again here. Best, [[User:Kewp|Kewp]] [[User talk:Kewp|(t)]] 12:11, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
: Modern sources, like those I linked above are based on are based an ancient inscriptions, mostly on stone stelae, but one article is based on a wooden lintel and there exists a few inscriptions in stucco or on pottery. Inferring political facts from material culture is notoriously difficult. For instance, in the Early Classic Period many Maya cites show Teotihuacano style architecture or pottery in at least some areas, is this because they were conquered by Teotihuacan, allied with it, or simply copying a popular trend? The first interpretation is currently favored (while at one time it was mostly rejected as improbable) based on inscriptional evidence. [https://www.mesoweb.com/pari/publications/news_archive/25/strangers/strangers.html The Arrival of Strangers] [[User:Eluchil404|Eluchil404]] ([[User talk:Eluchil404|talk]]) 20:36, 21 August 2025 (UTC)
:The inscriptional evidence is pretty extensive, because the Classic-period Maya erected stelae to commemorate an awful lot of events in their reigns, especially calendrical ceremonies and victories in battle. In some cases, kings' lives can be followed down to their dates of birth. But the record for most of the city-states has major gaps in some periods, and a lot of phenomena beyond the dry event-and-date stuff, like the nature of the relationship between the Maya city-states and Teotihuacan as Eluchil mentions, are not directly discussed in the record and thus very open to interpretation. [[User:A. Parrot|A. Parrot]] ([[User talk:A. Parrot|talk]]) 16:56, 22 August 2025 (UTC)
== Coping With ==
= August 20 =
Several years ago, there was a TV series based on the [[Coping With]] books. Was it ever released on VHS/DVD (and did it feature [[Elderado Dingbatti]])? <nowiki></nowiki><font style="color:#00BB55"><u><b>s</b>murray</u><font style="color:#00AA77"><u>in</u><font style =""color:#00EE55"><u>chester</u><sup>([[User:Smurrayinchester|User]]), ([[User talk:Smurrayinchester|Talk]])</sup><font style="color:#000000"> 12:14, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
== ReservationCrow landpeople policiesand scalping ==
I just finished ''[[Jeremiah Johnson (film)|Jeremiah Johnson]]'' on DVD. The [[Crow people]] are depicted as scalping the Europeans and killing Johnson's (Robert Redford's) Flathead wife and mute son Caleb. Can anyone with familiarity with the film attest to its historical accuracy? I looked in the Crow article and searched for "scalp" but could only find the Crows being victims of scalping at the hands of the [[Piegan Blackfeet]] (and scalping isn't mentioned in their article either despite the photo). Any help? Also were the Flatheads really Christianized? [[User:Therapyisgood|Therapyisgood]] ([[User talk:Therapyisgood|talk]]) 04:55, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
I have been using a video called "Homeland" in my classes, a work tracing the experiences of four Pine Ridge families during the course of a three year period. At the beginning of the work Thurman Horse, one of the individuals featured, informs us that, subsequent to the Collier Act, many of the individual holdings had been sold and the those people now had nothing, had moved from the reservation. Later, however, another featured individual--Marian, I believe--explains that Pine Ridge people have difficulty starting businesses because they have little start-up money and they are not allowed to mortgage their individual lands as collateral.
:[https://books.google.com/books?id=fxPmEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR48&dq=Crows%7c%22Crow+people%22+scalp&hl=en Here] two Dakota pictographs (the bottom left two in the plate on the preceding page) are interpreted as "Crows scalped an Oglála boy alive" and "Some Crows came to their camp and scalped a boy". I cannot vouch for the veracity of the account or the accuracy of its interpretation, but it establishes that the Crow people have at least a historical reputation of engaging in scalping. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 13:06, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
I am puzzled. If people have been allowed to sell their individualized acres, why are they then alternatively not allowed to use them as collateral for loans? Any help you can provide in offering explanations for the differences, I would truly appreciate.
:Here are more historical references: [https://books.google.com/books?id=m7RcAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA337&dq=Crows+%22obtained+three+scalps%22&hl=en], [https://books.google.com/books?id=HGcOAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA318&dq=Crows+%22ripped+off%22+%22his+scalp%22&hl=en], [https://books.google.com/books?id=zE9VSqcbA0IC&pg=PA451&dq=Crows+%22scalp+dances%22&hl=en]. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 12:25, 21 August 2025 (UTC)
= August 22 =
Harvey Klevar
Professor of Anthropology
Luther College
Decorah, Iowa
== obituary ==
:I sorted out your '''multiple''' posting and formatting issues. --[[User:Garzo|Gareth Hughes]] 12:56, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
why did you not have an obit for Bill Moyers? having donated to you for a while this truly has me upset as you will post obits for lesser known or less important people [[Special:Contributions/50.35.131.62|50.35.131.62]] ([[User talk:50.35.131.62|talk]]) 20:53, 22 August 2025 (UTC)
:Dear professor, you are not doing your employer any favors as I can't really parse all of your grammar. I'm not sure exactly which [[Pine Ridge]] you are referring to, but lets assume it is [[Pine Ridge Indian Reservation]]. We don't appear to have an article on a [[Collier Act]], and I'm not sure what that is, do you know the year? Some web searching led me to believe [[Indian Reorganization Act]] is what you might be referring to. Anyway, it is more likely that instead of not being ''allowed'' to mortgage the land, it's more likely it was simply impractical or no one was willing to offer the mortgages. Bare land is hard to mortgage at all, and it usually comes with bad terms like high interest rates, high costs to start the loan, etc. The same thing can happen to a lesser extent with any rural land even with a house or building on it. The type of house matters too. Add on to that that the land is in the reservation and may not carry the same types of legal ownership as other land, so legal differences/difficulties could mean that the standard things that banks and mortgage companies want such as title insurance, etc were not available. It could also have been simple discrimination by banks. So basically I'm offering some plausable speculation. To really find out you may have to do some old fashioned book leather research on the laws in question and business practices of the area and time. - [[User:Taxman|Taxman]] <sup><small>[[User talk:Taxman|Talk]]</sup></small> 18:57, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
:Are you talking about the recent deaths section on the main page? If so, the simple answer is because nobody nominated the article at [[Wikipedia:In the news/Candidates|in the news]]. I think it might be a little late for [[Bill Moyers]] now, but in the future, feel free to nominate an article if you think it should be on there. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|talk]]) 21:31, 22 August 2025 (UTC)
== Won't somebody please think of the children? ==
::It looks like it was nominated, but the article had unresolved quality concerns at the time: [[Wikipedia:In the news/Candidates/June 2025#RD: Bill Moyers]]. [[User:Aaron Liu|<span class="skin-invert" style="color:#0645ad">Aaron Liu</span>]] ([[User talk:Aaron Liu#top|talk]]) 22:30, 22 August 2025 (UTC)
:Are you mistaking us for another organization? We here are the reference desk of an encyclopedia and never post obituaries. The "In the News" section of the [[WP:Main Page|Main Page]] of Wikipedia may note the death of a celebrity, like right now that of astronaut [[Jim Lovell]], but this is typically a brief sentence, not an obituary. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 21:32, 22 August 2025 (UTC)
:The 'In the News' section is not meant to function as a news ''report'', i.e. to be people's first alert to events: it is intended to point to particularly good ''articles'' that are about subjects which are receiving current news reports elsewhere for some reason; ''sometimes'' that may be because the subject is a person who has just died.
Why do some people feel that it is neccesary to 'protect' children (which, apparently, ranges anywhere from a 2 year old to a 17 year old) from perfectly natural things such as sexuality, masturbation and, nudity (you can throw sexual-education in there as well)? I'm particularly looking for reasons outside the religious realm, as those are fairly obvious. So, reworded, my question is: Are there any reasons, outside of the theological, that people use to justify 'protecting' children from the above stated things?
:The size of the section is limited and there are always more candidate articles (about recently deceased people and many other types of subjects) than can be accommodated; there is a formal procedure (which MediaKyle linked above) for nominating and considering candidates. If (as in this case) a person's article is not as good as it might be, it will not make the cut – this is a reflection on the quality ''of the article'' at that time, not of the worthiness of the person the article is about. {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} [[Special:Contributions/90.210.150.115|90.210.150.115]] ([[User talk:90.210.150.115|talk]]) 07:42, 23 August 2025 (UTC)
:I find your mention of past donations to be somewhat problematic. Your having given Wikipedia or the Wikimedia foundation money does not mean that you get control over what we do or do not publish. --[[User:Khajidha]] ([[User talk:Khajidha|talk]]) ([[Special:Contributions/Khajidha|contributions]]) 23:07, 24 August 2025 (UTC)
::From time to time, a user will make this type of complaint, and of course there's no way to verify it. Take it as a bluff. ←[[User:Baseball Bugs|Baseball Bugs]] <sup>''[[User talk:Baseball Bugs|What's up, Doc?]]''</sup> [[Special:Contributions/Baseball_Bugs|carrots]]→ 01:51, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
:::That's good to know. I was so scared they might be serious. Now I can sleep again. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 02:41, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
= August 23 =
An example of this 'protecting' would be a parent who zealously shields their child from any form of nudity (even the exposure the breasts). To me, this seems ridiculous as a prepubescent child wouldn't care about seeing someone of the opposite sex naked unless their parents made a huge deal of it, and a pubescent child would probably seek out nudity anyway.
== securities regulations ==
Also, is this type of behavior restricted to the United States, or can it be observed elsewhere (such as Europe and Asia)? My many and sincere thanks in advance,
--anon
I’m curious about instances where investment securities regulations though well established on paper, prove inefficient in practice, sometimes even working against their intended purpose. [[User:Grotesquetruth|Grotesquetruth]] ([[User talk:Grotesquetruth|talk]]) 16:53, 23 August 2025 (UTC)
:I would substitute ''moral'' for ''theological'', as a non-religious right-and-wrong standard can also be responsible for this. I think that's about the extent of justification, however; there's no physical ailment, for instance, directly resulting from seeing a breast. For your second question, yes, this is observable worldwide to varying degrees. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 14:43, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
:Maybe start with this [[Regulatory capture]] article. <span style="font-family: Cambria;"> [[User:Abductive|<span style="color: teal;">'''Abductive'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Abductive|reasoning]])</span> 13:17, 24 August 2025 (UTC)
= August 24 =
:Are you trying to start a [[flamewar]]? :-)
== School year ==
:One perspective is that the desire to shield children from these topics is essentially along the same vein as abstinence-only [[sex education]]. Essentially, pre-marital sex (and for that matter any sexual activity, including masturbation) is bad, any exposure to anything sexually-related (like breasts) will implant naughty thoughts in their mind, and therefore children should not be exposed to anything vaguely related to sexuality.
Is there any other country where school year starts typically already in first half of August? In Finland, it started on 7 August. This was its earliest possible date. In 2026, it will be on 13 August. Had the school year already started by 7 August this year in any other country? The school year will end on 30 May in 2026 and 5 June in 2027. In which countries does the school year start already in August? When does it usually start in US and Canada? --[[User:40bus|40bus]] ([[User talk:40bus|talk]]) 21:18, 24 August 2025 (UTC)
:Now, that caricature is probably unfair, and there are more subtle versions of it. One might argue, for instance, that contemporary American popular culture's treatment of sex gives teenagers the wrong idea about it (for instance, would you want your teenage son getting his ideas on how to treat women from the more misogynistic end of hip-hop?) and therefore a parent might seek to present a different picture.
:Ah you're back again. Have you tried google? It's a search engine available at google.com. You might find it useful. [[User:Nanonic|Nanonic]] ([[User talk:Nanonic|talk]]) 21:31, 24 August 2025 (UTC)
:As to attitudes about children and sexuality, it certainly varies from country to country, and even within countries. Scandinavia, for instance, is far more relaxed about the fact that teenagers are sexual beings than the United States. Conversely, some Muslim countries all but prohibit men and women from seeing anything of each other's bodies unless they're married.
::Aren't slightly harder questions like this one what the ReferenceDesk is for? [[User:Aaron Liu|<span class="skin-invert" style="color:#0645ad">Aaron Liu</span>]] ([[User talk:Aaron Liu#top|talk]]) 02:58, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Feel free to humour them, they'll be back again shortly with more. [[User:Nanonic|Nanonic]] ([[User talk:Nanonic|talk]]) 10:33, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
:there is no simple answer for the US. Public education is a state resposibility, but it is handled at the county (or even city) level. In my county (population approx. 160,000) there are 3 school systems. One has already started and 2 start tomorrow. And surrounding counties are different. --[[User:Khajidha]] ([[User talk:Khajidha|talk]]) ([[Special:Contributions/Khajidha|contributions]]) 21:37, 24 August 2025 (UTC)
:Answer from the Netherlands: The country is divided into 3 regions, north, middle and south, with school holidays staggered. This is to spread the load on the tourist industry. Most (by far) tourists in the Netherlands (except within a 20 km radius around Amsterdam) are domestic. It also helps a bit to spread the load on long distance transport. I think this division into 3 regions is common in Europe, although the regions may be more random and discontinuous.
:One region ends the school year on the first Friday after 2 July, the other regions one and two weeks later. The next school year begins on the Monday 45 days later, so the earliest possible start date is 17 August, the last 6 September. Each year, either the early and middle or the middle and late regions swap, stretching or shrinking the school year by one week. This can be compensated for using the other holidays. There're some voices to shorten the summer holiday to 5 or 4 weeks, but there're economic reasons against it.
:These are only guidelines from the national government; schools may deviate. Deviations are uncommon, except for some regulars. For example, in most of the south and some of the middle, the spring holiday is shifted to coincide with Carnival. [[User:PiusImpavidus|PiusImpavidus]] ([[User talk:PiusImpavidus|talk]]) 10:30, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
::A few jurisdictions here in Canada have adopted a continuous school year [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/education-balanced-calendar-year-round-1.7267038], without a long summer break (it's reduced to one month instead of the usual two to two-and-a-half months), but with more and longer breaks during the school year to compensate. This results in the start of the new school year falling in early August. There's an article on the practice in the US, at [[Year-round school in the United States]]. [[User:Xuxl|Xuxl]] ([[User talk:Xuxl|talk]]) 14:47, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
:Hopefully somebody can point you to some better articles that discuss this specifically; the [[censorship]] article doesn't really cover the idea of shielding children more than adults. --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 15:00, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
== World War I dogfight before 5 October 1914 ==
::Heh, I can assure you my intent is purely academic in nature. Thank you for your detailed answer. --anon
currently at DYK we have [[Aerial combat of 5 October 1914]], where the proposed hook would be "... that the first "dogfight" of World War I took place on 5 October 1914 in France?" does anyone know of a WWI dogfight prior to this? thank you. [[User:Therapyisgood|Therapyisgood]] ([[User talk:Therapyisgood|talk]]) 21:32, 24 August 2025 (UTC)
What strikes me about your question is your mention that the religious and theological reasons are "obvious". They are not at all obvious to me. Might you be confusing religion and theology with social custom? I'm not starting a fight, just quite surprised at your assertion and suggesting you re-examine some of the premises you are considering obvious. [[User:Alteripse|alteripse]] 15:19, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
:Our article [[Miodrag Tomić]] describes an earlier hostile aerial encounter as follows: "On 15 August, Tomić encountered an enemy plane while conducting a reconnaissance flight over Austria-Hungary. The Austro-Hungarian aviator initially waved at Tomić, who waved back. The enemy pilot then took a revolver and began shooting at Tomić's plane. Tomić produced a pistol of his own and fired back." But this does not fit the notion of a dogfight. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 00:21, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
:I do suppose I may have worded that incorrectly. In retrospect, the term "obvious" probably doesnt convey what I wanted to say properly. What I mean is that I am fully aware of arguments for the 'protection' of children that originated for religious reasons, such as certain Christian denomination's views on masturbation ("spilling seed"). I probably used "obvious" because reasons such as those are commonly cited, and, in terms of my question, I am more interested in non-theological justifications of the 'protection' of children. I apologize for any offense I may have inadvertantly caused. --anon
::"A dogfight, or dog fight, is an aerial battle between fighter aircraft that is conducted at close range." (from our own article) How does that definition not apply to the circumstance you described? Seems like a perfect fit to me. --[[User:Khajidha]] ([[User talk:Khajidha|talk]]) ([[Special:Contributions/Khajidha|contributions]]) 11:44, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
:::In a dogfight, the airplanes are fitted with weapons designed for that purpose (taking out an enemy plane in flight); it's not the pilots pulling out a personal piece. [[User:Xuxl|Xuxl]] ([[User talk:Xuxl|talk]]) 14:50, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
::::Says who? --[[User:Khajidha]] ([[User talk:Khajidha|talk]]) ([[Special:Contributions/Khajidha|contributions]]) 15:11, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Wiktionary defines the metaphorical sense of ''[[wikt:dogfight|dogfight]]'' as: "A twisting turning battle between two or more military aircraft, especially between fighters." Like angry dogs, they keep coming at each other. The 15 August 1914 encounter between a Serbian and an Austro-Hungarian military plane, as related, involved no twisting or turning; it was a relatively straight-forward business. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 02:29, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
== Guy between Mannerheim and Ryti ==
::I think this is a fascinating question. Most parents in America, including secular ones, seem to think that there is '''something horribly wrong''' with chidren or adolescents seeing nudity. The ongoing debate about [[indecency]] in the U.S. revolves only around the best way to prevent young people from seeing indecency without infringing upon the rights of adults. That it is an imperative of government to "protect" children from indecency is considered a given. Now I lived in Europe for a couple of years, and things could not have been more different. There is nudity everywhere -- on daytime TV, on the news, on commercials, on billboards, on newsmagazine covers. No one cares. That certainly doesn't mean that European media is of a higher quality than American media by any means. Maybe there's something to be said for modesty -- I don't know. But it's fascinating to me how cultures superficially so similar could be so drastically different in this area. This would be a great book for someone to research and write. The title could be ''Nipplephobia''.
[[File:Hitler Mannerheim Ryti.jpg|thumb|right|Adolf Hitler on a surprise visit to Finland with Commander-in-chief Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim and President of Finland Risto Ryti.]]
::I'd like to hear from some (non-libertarian) American parents as to whether they feel it's wrong for kids to see nudity, why it is so, and whether they were aware of the fact that many other countries do not share American society's views of "indecency." The nudity taboo is so ingrained into American society that my stepfather wouldn't believe me when I told him that they show nudity on Czech TV during the day. -- [[User:Mwalcoff|Mwalcoff]] 02:29, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
The Führer of Germany [[Adolf Hitler]] paid a surprise visit to Finland to visit the Commander-in-chief of the Finnish Defence Forces [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim]] on Mannerheim's 75th birthday. Shown here is a photograph of them with [[Wilhelm Keitel]] on the extreme left, Hitler and Mannerheim in the centre, and Ryti on the right. Does anyone know who is the guy immediately to the right of Mannerheim, with Mannerheim's nose pointing to his cap? [[User:JIP|<span style="color: #CC0000;">J</span><span style="color: #00CC00;">I</span><span style="color: #0000CC;">P</span>]] | [[User talk:JIP|Talk]] 23:11, 24 August 2025 (UTC)
:It looks like the Finnish Pilot Qualification Badge (lentomerkki) on his left breast (swastika surrounded by stylised wings, surmounted by a crown). [[User:DuncanHill|DuncanHill]] ([[User talk:DuncanHill|talk]]) 00:13, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
::This insignia is the second image in the gallery in the section {{section link|Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century#Finland}}. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 00:26, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
:Could it be [[:fi:Yrjö Könni|Yrjö Könni]]? At the time the photo was taken Könni's rank would have been [[major]]. He looks older than on the undated photo [https://www.konninsuku.fi/aineistoaitta/kuvamuistoja/historiakuvia/ here], where he has fewer decorations and no brass on his collar but is also wearing the ''lentomerkki'' on his left breast. ​‑‑[[User talk:Lambiam#top|Lambiam]] 00:45, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
::I think it is [[Einar Mäkinen]]--[[User:Fornax|Fornax]] ([[User talk:Fornax|talk]]) 09:25, 27 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Was he ever a pilot or in the air force? The chap in the question photo has air force shoulder boards (wings above lion). [[User:DuncanHill|DuncanHill]] ([[User talk:DuncanHill|talk]]) 15:25, 27 August 2025 (UTC)
= August 25 =
This last is a good question. You become very aware of your culture's customs in a very different light when you are raising children. There are certain times when I consciously made a decision about an issue like that: sometimes going with convention and occasionally not. One of the dimensions to this type of issue is that social conventions like nudity taboos have a variety of purposes, including acting as a social glue and distinguishing members of the community from outsiders. You don't do your children a favor by not making them aware of the edges of behavior that would trigger surprise and unwanted responses from people around: there is at least some potential social cost to flouting or being ignorant of community social standards. So in my opinion a smart parent picks and chooses which conventions are worth teaching a child to disregard and which are not. Every society has this type of convention, each of which looks kind of pointless to another society. For example, there is a difference between teaching a child that telling racist jokes is stupid and offensive, and teaching them that the nudity/modesty standards of their community are stupid and offensive. People who think there are only a few of this type of convention in each culture are being oblivious: we live in them like fish live in water and no society is free of them. Raising a child to be ignorant of the major taboos of his culture does him no favor, but there is nothing wrong with explaining to him what a taboo is and the difference between not doing something because it is morally wrong versus not doing something because it is illegal versus not doing something because it might create social trouble for you. Is that the kind of answer you wanted? [[User:Alteripse|alteripse]] 01:48, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
== [[Redaction (editorial synthesis)]] ==
:* Quote from previous response: ''"Now I lived in Europe for a couple of years, and things could not have been more different. There is nudity everywhere -- on daytime TV, on the news, on commercials, on billboards, on newsmagazine covers. No one cares."'' As a UK resident I would say us British seem still to be relatively uptight compared to our European neighbours. In fact some of our night-time TV shows are compilations of mainland European adverts which are notable to us for their unabashed nudity. There is also a definite [[moral panic]] about [[paedophilia]] here. Two cases I can recall illustrate this, the first being very relevant to the question; One of our newsreaders was investigated when a photo developing shop passed on her photos of her naked bathing child to the authorities; the second when a [[paediatrician]] was hounded from their home (slaps forehead). --[[User:Bodnotbod|bodnotbod]] 01:57, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
I really want to fill out the above article, whose subject is a huge part of the reason texts from antiquity like the Bible, Zhuangzi, Gilgamesh, Upanishads are so fascinating and otherworldly. On the other hand, it dawns on me that literary redaction is just about the closest mode of operation the ancient world had to Wikipedia editing {{smiley}}.
== WTO ==
Problem is, I'm certain because I hear scholars talk about how much they've learned about how ancient scribes and scribal institutions worked with and redacted texts, but I can't find any of it, at least in the general sense I expect from typing "redaction" into Google Scholar. Does anyone know where such a treatment of literary redactors and redaction is, or anything remotely like that? <span style="border-radius:2px;padding:3px;background:#1E816F">[[User:Remsense|<span style="color:#fff">'''Remsense'''</span>]]<span style="color:#fff"> 🌈 </span>[[User talk:Remsense|<span lang="zh" style="color:#fff">'''论'''</span>]]</span> 12:16, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
How is the World Trade Oranization ran?
== Need for synchronisation gear ==
:Exactly how the [[Fortune Global 500]] want it to be run, seeing the governments of the world take most of their marching orders from them...
Train of thought from the dogfighting discussion above...As far as I can remember reading, all First World War aircraft with rigid-mounted guns (i.e. you aim them by pointing the plane) had the guns in front of the pilot, thus necessitating the invention of a [[synchronisation gear]] to avoid shooting off the propellors. Did nobody attempt to mount guns on the wings (i.e. beyond the reach of the propellors), and if so, why not? Were the wood-and-fabric wings typical of the period simply too flimsy to permit this, or was there some other reason, or did this get attempted and I'm just unaware of it? [[User:Nyttend|Nyttend]] ([[User talk:Nyttend|talk]]) 19:45, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
:Oh, you wanted an answer that wasn't sarcastic? Try our article on the [[World Trade Organization]]. --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 15:05, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
:Early machine guns were crap and jammed a lot, some pilots were issued with a mallet to give the breech a whack to try to fix this. As well as that, the good guns ony had so much ammo until they needed to be reloaded - lewis guns only had 90 or so rounds in each drum. And yes the weight of the guns and the ammo was a bit much for the frames at the time. Some considered slinging a gun under the fuselage instead, keeping the centre of gravity/balance and therefore potentially avoiding the need for a sync gear (if low slung enough) but that wouldn't have negated the jamming/reloading issues. [[User:Nanonic|Nanonic]] ([[User talk:Nanonic|talk]]) 20:00, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
== 6 October ==
::Wing-mounted guns also need to be [[Gun harmonisation|harmonised]], and that was a fertile area for disagreement. That article also mentions problems with flexing of the wings, which would of course have been greater on the earlier, wood and string, airframes. [[User:DuncanHill|DuncanHill]] ([[User talk:DuncanHill|talk]]) 23:14, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
6 October is "Ivy Day", marking the anniversary of the death in 1891 of the Irish parliamentarian Charles Stewart Parnell.
:::Wow, I've never heard of harmonisation. I just assumed that wing-mounted guns would always fire straight ahead, so you had a better chance of hitting something, even if your fuselage were slightly misaimed. [[User:Nyttend|Nyttend]] ([[User talk:Nyttend|talk]]) 01:35, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
::If weight is the worst problem of the guns, it's best to mount them on the wings. After all, the aeroplane is carried by its wings. That's why most airliners have their engines there. If the main problem is recoil, mount the guns on the engine, as that has the most mass. If flexing of the aeroplane is the worst problem, the engine is again the best place to put the guns. The spinning propeller ([[rotary engine|in some cases]] even the spinning engine block) acts as a gyroscope. A low centre of mass is nice for ground handling, but doesn't really matter in air. Putting the heavy guns on the wings increases the aeroplane's moment of inertia, reducing manoeuvrability.
::There are different solutions to the problem, like twin engines or pusher propellers. Or shoot through a hollow propeller shaft. You need a geared engine, as you can't shoot through a hollow crank shaft. I suppose people tried most of these solutions. [[User:PiusImpavidus|PiusImpavidus]] ([[User talk:PiusImpavidus|talk]]) 10:50, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
:@[[User:Nyttend|Nyttend]] Re: "to mount guns ''on'' the wings" -> [[Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5]] -> [[Foster mounting]] <!-- Template:Unsigned IP --><small class="autosigned">— Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/91.221.58.22|91.221.58.22]] ([[User talk:91.221.58.22#top|talk]]) 06:02, 26 August 2025 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
::Wing guns slow the aircraft roll rate because mass is farther from the centerline. To improve roll rate, Soviet pilots often removed the two wing guns from their P-39 Airacobras, retaining the two fuselage guns and the central cannon. This also lightened the aircraft for better range. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 15:08, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
==Commission of investigation into Blanton Winship/Ponce Massacre==
Ivy Day is most notably commemorated in James Joyce's short story " Ivy Day in the Commitee Room", included in the collection 'Dubliners'.
Some time after the massacre there was an investigation headed by Arthur Garfield Hays, as I understand it a founder, chair and counsel of the ACLU. After a little research it seems that this was set up by Puerto Rico civil society (at least one source said it was under the aegis of the US govt) and Hays and the ACLU were invited to join/assist/head the Commission of Inquiry into the Causes of the Ponce Massacre. I'm primarily looking for the text of the report, but would also be interested in other documents - Winship's press releases and Pérez-Marchand's (the DA) reports to Winship. All the best: ''[[User:Rich Farmbrough|Rich]] [[User talk:Rich Farmbrough|Farmbrough]]''<small> 23:03, 25 August 2025 (UTC).</small><br />
:Our article [[Ponce massacre]] wrongly said the report was by the [[United States Commission on Civil Rights]] and led by Hays, but as he died three years before the Commission came in to being that was obviously impossible. Anyway, [https://lawcat.berkeley.edu/record/183738?ln=en Here] is the "Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Civil Rights in Puerto Rico, May 22, 1937", you will need Berkeley Library access, I suggest asking at [[WP:RX]], and [https://digitalcollections.wesleyan.edu/_flysystem/fedora/2023-03/22428-Original%20File.pdf here] is a BA thesis which will be of interest and contain pointers for further research. [[User:DuncanHill|DuncanHill]] ([[User talk:DuncanHill|talk]]) 23:44, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
= August 26 =
Still today in Dublin - wel, up to last year at least, Joyceans willl be seen about the city sporting a dark green Ivy Leaf on a jacket lapel
== [[United States House Select Committee on Assassinations|House Committee on Assassinations]] hearings films ==
:Maybe you'd enjoy creating the article about [[Ivy Day in the Committee Room]] which is listed under [[Dubliners]] but still needs someone knowledgeable to write about it. If you're new to wikipedia, you might want to check out [[Wikipedia:Your first article]] and [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]] first. Happy Ivy Day.--[[User:Kewp|Kewp]] [[User talk:Kewp|(t)]] 16:37, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
Such as [https://www.wpafilmlibrary.com/clips?utf8=%E2%9C%93&keyword=alexander+eist&x=0&y=0 these], from 1978. They appear to be timestamped "WPA", but I don't know who they are. I guess the question is, is the filming by a private media corp or a government employee? Thanks! [[User:Fortuna imperatrix mundi|<span style="color:black">'''—'''</span>]][[Special:Contributions/Fortuna imperatrix mundi|<span style="color:black">''Fortuna''</span>]], [[User talk:Fortuna imperatrix mundi|<span style="color:#8B0000">imperatrix</span>]] 15:02, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
== Caesorion ==
:The website you linked is wpafilmlibrary.com. The homepage says {{tq|Formerly WPA Film Library}}. [[User:Aaron Liu|<span class="skin-invert" style="color:#0645ad">Aaron Liu</span>]] ([[User talk:Aaron Liu#top|talk]]) 00:03, 27 August 2025 (UTC)
::Thanks. Which still doesn't clarify who made the film in the first place... [[User:Fortuna imperatrix mundi|<span style="color:black">'''—'''</span>]][[Special:Contributions/Fortuna imperatrix mundi|<span style="color:black">''Fortuna''</span>]], [[User talk:Fortuna imperatrix mundi|<span style="color:#8B0000">imperatrix</span>]] 10:07, 27 August 2025 (UTC)
:::That would have just a few months before [[C-SPAN]] started, which means it would have been the "media pool". [[User:Jpgordon|--jpgordon]]<sup><small>[[User talk:Jpgordon|𝄢𝄆𝄐𝄇]]</small></sup> 15:02, 27 August 2025 (UTC)
::::Thanks, {{u|Jpgordon}}, so basically: not a "US government official as part of his duties", which would otherwise make it out of copyright, but it's not? [[User:Fortuna imperatrix mundi|<span style="color:black">'''—'''</span>]][[Special:Contributions/Fortuna imperatrix mundi|<span style="color:black">''Fortuna''</span>]], [[User talk:Fortuna imperatrix mundi|<span style="color:#8B0000">imperatrix</span>]] 17:22, 27 August 2025 (UTC)
:::::{{tqb| Archives of WETA-TV{{pb}}<ul><li>This collection features extensive coverage of American politics, particularly in the 1980s and early 2000s, from the Washington-area PBS affiliate.</li><li>Thousands of hours of Congressional Hearings: Watergate, Whitewater, Iran-Contra, JFK Assassination, Church Committee, Supreme Court Justice nominations, and more.|source=[https://www.wpafilmlibrary.com/about About MPI Stock Footage Archive]}}</li></ul>So it depends on whether [[WETA-TV]] counts. [[User:Aaron Liu|<span class="skin-invert" style="color:#0645ad">Aaron Liu</span>]] ([[User talk:Aaron Liu#top|talk]]) 17:53, 27 August 2025 (UTC)
== Keble or Newman? ==
Is there any connection between the name of Julius Caesor and Cleopatra's son's name and the type of birth of the same name? I have tried finding this information on my own thru other websites but I have found nothing - which I suppose suggests that there is no connection, but...
In Chapter IV of ''[[The Lost Stradivarius]]'' (1895), Gaskell mentions "some beautiful verses by Mr Keble":
Thank you in advance,
<blockquote>
Cease, stranger, cease those witching notes,<br>
The art of syren choirs;<br>
Hush the seductive voice that floats<br>
Across the trembling wires.<br>
<br>
Music's ethereal power was given<br>
Not to dissolve our clay,<br>
But draw Promethean beams from heaven<br>
To purge the dross away<br>
</blockquote>
I can't find the original of these, but I have seen them attributed online (vaguely, no title, date, or volume mentioned) to [[John Henry Newman]], not [[John Keble]]. So, were they Keble or were they Newman, or were they someone else entirely, and what is their title and where and when did they first appear? Thank you, [[User:DuncanHill|DuncanHill]] ([[User talk:DuncanHill|talk]]) 19:59, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
:'''Siren Isles''' published [https://books.google.com/books?id=BO8_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA51&dq=%22draw+promethean%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjyoZX6tqmPAxVmN2IAHWMpKyUQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=%22draw%20promethean%22&f=false here] in 1836. I can't make out the writer's signature's name, but it is rather too long to be Keble <s>and differs from Newman's</s>. [[User:Modocc|Modocc]] ([[User talk:Modocc|talk]]) 22:03, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
Keith Reaume
::Ah, thank you. The volume is ''Lyra Apostolica'', which Oxford Reference tells me is "A collection of 179 sacred poems, published 1836, contributed originally to the British Magazine. The poems appeared anonymously; the six authors, all associated with the Oxford Movement, were each designated by a Greek letter: J. W. Bowden (α), R. H. Froude (β), Keble (γ), Newman (δ), R. I. Wilberforce (ε), and I. Williams (ζ)". And the poem has a δ, so Newman it is. [[User:DuncanHill|DuncanHill]] ([[User talk:DuncanHill|talk]]) 22:25, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
:Your spelling is letting you down: see [[Caesarean section]]. --[[User:Garzo|Gareth Hughes]] 16:19, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
:::Yep, I found them on [https://search.worldcat.org/title/499371873 WorldCat] too. [[User:Modocc|Modocc]] ([[User talk:Modocc|talk]]) 22:32, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
= August 27 =
Of course there is a connection: both the son and the type of birth are named after Julius Caesar. [[User:Alteripse|alteripse]] 23:22, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
== Eckland ==
: Actually, this is a popular misconception (no pun intended). It almost certainly couldn't have been Julius Caesar, because mothers who underwent surgery to remove their babies from their wombs almost always died, however Julius's mother lived for many years after his birth. The term refers to a distant ancestor of Julius Caesar. And Cleopatra's son was Caesari'''o'''n, whereas the operation is a caesari'''a'''n section. Cheers [[User:JackofOz|JackofOz]] 00:51, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
I was watching a video on Youtube called "Die Deutschen im Eckland – Die deutsche Geschichte Pokutiens!". My German is not that great but apparently, according to the content of this video, "Eckland" should be an alternate historical German name for the region called [[Pokuttia]]. I wasn't able to find any proof of it anywhere. Do you have any idea? [[Special:Contributions/80.180.16.18|80.180.16.18]] ([[User talk:80.180.16.18|talk]]) 07:07, 27 August 2025 (UTC)
Do you think the type of delivery was called that before Julius Caesar or would have been called that since then if not associated with Julius Caesar? [[User:Alteripse|alteripse]] 00:54, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
:''Ecke'' is German for "corner" or "nook", so it may be a whimsical reference to the place's ___location (geographical or metaphorical), an unofficial nickname, or just a translation by the video makers of the Slavic ''Pokuttia'' (which the article translates as as "round the corner") rather than any actual historically used name. {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} [[Special:Contributions/90.210.150.115|90.210.150.115]] ([[User talk:90.210.150.115|talk]]) 07:47, 27 August 2025 (UTC)
: Check out [[caesarean section]] for some further discussion. Cheers [[User:JackofOz|JackofOz]] 02:12, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
:It is a joke, not a real name. <!-- Template:Unsigned IP --><small class="autosigned">— Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/91.221.59.26|91.221.59.26]] ([[User talk:91.221.59.26#top|talk]]) 10:03, 27 August 2025 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
:: But sometimes these sorts of things are real names, not jokes. See [[Name of Ukraine]]. -- [[User:JackofOz|<span style="font-family: Papyrus;">Jack of Oz</span>]] [[User talk:JackofOz#top|<span style="font-size:85%; font-family: Verdana;"><sup>[pleasantries]</sup></span>]] 21:07, 27 August 2025 (UTC)
== The paths of ill ==
I am convinced you are correct and a little embarrassed that I hadnt been skeptical of the folk etymology. Caesarean delivery is more likely to have been derived from caedere (cut),- the past participle of which is something like caesus from which we get incision and scissors. Thanks. So. New answer to Keith: what Jacko said! [[User:Alteripse|alteripse]] 10:33, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
In Chapter X of [[J. Meade Falkner]]'s ''[[The Lost Stradivarius]]'' (1895), Sophia Maltravers recalls "a little piece of poetry which I learnt as a girl":
I read an article in the European ''Stars and Stripes'' one time about an American columnist who wanted to get his hair cut like George Clooney's in a "Caesar cut". So he went to the German barber and asked for a "Kaiserschnitt", which he found out meant Caesarean section. At least, that's what his column claimed. :) [[User:Zoe]]|[[User talk:Zoe|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 05:30, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
<blockquote>
How easy are the paths of ill;<br>
How steep and hard the upward ways;<br>
A child can roll the stone downhill<br>
That breaks a giant's hand to raise.
</blockquote>
As before, can we identify the original? Google returns only ''The Lost Stradivarius''. Thank you, [[User:DuncanHill|DuncanHill]] ([[User talk:DuncanHill|talk]]) 23:42, 27 August 2025 (UTC)
= August 28 =
== Do Hindus have angels? ==
== Misnamed political entities ==
Do Hindus have angels?
I am a Hindu and recently bought the book 'How to talk with your angels' by author Kim-O-Niell.
I tried to talk to angels as said in that book.
But, I was not able to talk to any angels.
What should I do to talk to angels?
How can I talk to angels?
Please help.
It's known that the Nazis definitely weren't socialists, and that North Korea is not democratic at all. Can you think of more examples? [[User:Matt714931|Matt714931]] ([[User talk:Matt714931|talk]]) 03:23, 28 August 2025 (UTC)
I am resisting the temptation to tell you that all the rest of us have angels we talk to regularly. So I won't pull your leg and I will assume you aren't pulling ours. Here is a straight answer. There are a whole lot of bestselling popular religion books like this published in the US. The buyers are mostly culturally-but-not-really Christians with average or below average intelligence who feel better reading these books, whose major message is "don't feel bad about yourself, Someone Very Important thinks you are just fine the way you are". If you match up most of them with real Christian doctrine (Eastern, Roman, Lutheran, Reformed, etc) you find the overlap small and very important things are missing. Sort of like the religious equivalent of french fries. So don't worry about it if the books (or the angels) are not talking to you. [[User:Alteripse|alteripse]] 22:56, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
:[[Liberal Party of Australia|Australia's Liberal Party]] is the far more right wing of Australia's two major parties.
:Yes, I'm struggling not to be flip here. But do you not have a religious leader who guides you in your worship who you can approach with such a question? --[[User:Bodnotbod|bodnotbod]] 02:00, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
== Steve Vai ==
Hi, I was just wondering if anyone knows so much about Steve Vai that they could add some more to the articles of his albums?
: I might look at leaving a copy of this comment on the talk page for [[Steve Vai]]. Alternatively, if you have knowledge about any of the albums or have access to reliable information about the albums, you may wish to add to the articles yourself. Our [[Wikipedia:Introduction]] tells you more about how you can get started. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 23:51, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
* Watch the movie ''Crossroads'' (1986). You'll see Stevie play some '''mean guitar'''!
== crowdy bay australia ==
why is Crowdy Bay so called?
*According to [http://www.mynrma.com.au/mid_north_coast_cro.asp http://www.mynrma.com.au/mid_north_coast_cro.asp]: "''It reputedly gets its name from Captain Cook who dubbed a prominent headland 'Crowded Head' when he saw a crowd of aboriginals standing on it as he passed by in the ''Endeavour''.''" [[User:Canley|Canley]] 00:47, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
* The Macquarie Atlas has no record of a Crowdy Bay but does mention a Crowded Head as above. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 06:48, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
== Letter from Birmingham Jail/Martin Luther King Jr. ==
Why does king advoate non-violent means of protest?
Three possible reasons, don't you think?
*It seemed to him the ''ethically right'' approach to the problem of improving the civil status of Negroes. Those who emphasize his upbringing as a Christian, his training as a preacher, and his admiration of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] tend to favor this explanation.
*It seemed to him the most ''politically effective'' method to improve the civil status of Negroes. Liberal intellectuals and historians tend to emphasize this reason.
*''Subversive communist agitators'' convinced him to do it for the benefit of the [[Soviet Union]]. This was the reason favored by [[J. Edgar Hoover]].
You decide. [[User:Alteripse|alteripse]] 00:52, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
The real answer is "Why not?". Does non-violence need any justification? [[User:JackofOz|JackofOz]] 00:54, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
Also remember it was the early 60s, and the riots at Watts & Detriot, Washington etc. hadn't happened yet. King was showing white Americans through the Freedom Rides, Selma etc., particularly in the north, just how prejudiced, violent and awful Jim Crow could be. Also you don't get invited to the White House if you're a violent social disturber, and King was trying to achieve change through rational & calm methods. Towards the middle 60s there was division in the african-american community about whether to use violent or non-violent means to achieve their aims, but after the assassination of Dr. King the violent impulses got free reign because there was no one left to argue for the other side. Additionally King was trying to achieve improvements for many people, not just african-americans. He was planning a Poor Peoples' March on Washington when he was distracted down to Memphis and killed. JK
== What happened in 1945? ==
:The [[United States]] spent most of the year without a [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]]. Please '''do your own homework'''. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 19:37, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
:Also see [[1945]]. [[User:Dismas|Dismas]]|[[User talk:Dismas|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 00:22, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
::It might also be worth mentioning that both Germany and Japan surrendered, ending World War 2, after Hitler committed suicide and 2 atomic bombs were dropped on Japan. Also, survivors of Germany's death camps were freed and Soviet control of Eastern Europe started, eventually degenerating into the Cold War. And US President [[FDR]] died in office, being replaced by his VP [[Harry Truman]]. See [[1945]] for details. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 19:51, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
== What is the etymology of "hoodwinked" (to deceive)? ==
:A [[dictionary]] is a great reference for this. Try [[wikt:hoodwink|hoodwink]] at [[Wiktionary]]. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 19:38, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
::I've yet to find a dictionary, however, that explains the [[wikt:etymology|etymology]] of hoodwinked. I think I'm pretty clear on the [[wikt:definition|definition]] already. — [[User:Silvaran|Silvaran]] 23:09, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
:::To wink is to close ones eyes; a hood covers the head. The verb originally meant "to blindfold", which makes sense from the two parts - a hood that winks (blinds) you. (Blindfold itself was originally something like blind-fall - "to make blind"). It then became used metaphorically - compare to phrases like "pulling the wool over their eyes". [[User:Shimgray|Shimgray]] | [[User talk:Shimgray|talk]] | 23:28, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
:::: Yep, it's that simple -- OED2 just lists "hood (n.) + wink (v.)" for etymology. — [[Image:Ontario trillium sig.png|15px]][[User:mendel|mendel]] [[User_talk:Mendel|☎]] 16:04, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
== business non-profit status ==
What are the benifits to having a non-profit business? And what are the regulations enforced upon businesses to maintain non-profit status?
--Janelle
:Generally, non-profits are taxed separately from regular businesses. However, the benefits and regulations vary by country and region, so it's probably best to check with your local Chamber of Commerce or a corporate lawyer for this. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 20:56, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
You also might find some interesting answers in the following articles, mainly on how it is handled in the USA (sorry I not have links to how it is in other nations), and those articles that these ones link to:
* [[Not-for-profit corporation]]
* [[Non-profit organization]]
* [[501(c)]]
* Also other articles in the categories these are in.
[[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 20:13, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
== Quotation ==
"Age and treachery will usually overcome youth and enthusiasm."
Who originally said it?
When?
Where, or in what work?
Is it an accurate quote?
Try a few Google searches, mix up the quotation marks (like search "age and treachery" "youth and enthusiasm") and see what you get. I don't have time to do more right now, but...
http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:qMdRYf6v1LMJ:listserv.dom.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe%3FA2%3Dind0201%26L%3Dstumpers-l%26D%3D0%26O%3DD%26P%3D92822+%22Age+and+treachery%22+%22youth+and+enthusiasm.%22+%22said%22&hl=en
has a link to this:
http://techupdate.zdnet.com/techupdate/stories/main/0,14179,2618616-3,00.html
Which says:
"He has a point, and for some reason the famous Mack Rhinelander .sig file pops into my head: ""Old age and guile will always triumph over youth and enthusiasm." Maybe it's a good thing for Helix Code that Updater isn't really what the business plan is all about. "
Hope this helps!
[[User:199.111.88.216|199.111.88.216]] 12:42, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
== Death by crushing ==
A coworker and I were talking about the [[Salem witch trials]] and it reminded me of something that I had heard years ago. The story I heard was of some ruler having a large number of prisoners that he wanted to have executed. So he brought them all into an area and had them lay down. A dance floor was then constructed over them so that the weight of the floor and its occupants was supported by the people being crushed. The dancers were not told of what was below them and the people below the floor were crushed to death. Does this sound familiar to anyone? I don't recall where I heard of this and a few google searches haven't reaped any results. [[User:Dismas|Dismas]]|[[User talk:Dismas|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 00:20, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
: I'd think the screams would've tipped them off, or maybe the way the floor kept moving off level! More importantly, that'd have to be a pretty heavy dance floor, keeping in mind that the weight of the dancers would be distributed across all of the prisoners. After all, [[crushing by elephant]] used a ''whole elephant'' just to crush one person. — [[Image:Ontario trillium sig.png|15px]][[User:mendel|mendel]] [[User_talk:Mendel|☎]] 16:01, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
::You make good points. I'm still curious where this came from though. [[User:Dismas|Dismas]]|[[User talk:Dismas|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 23:24, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
:::Well, it reminds me both of [[Edgar Allen Poe]]'s "Hop-Frog Or the Eight Chained Ourang-Outangs", where an oppressed hunchback conspires to kill a king and his advisors at a party (but no crushing), and of the death of [[Francesco II of Gattilusia]], who “on a journey through [[Lesbos]], while passing the night in one of the lofty towers then common in the Archipelago, ... was stung by a scorpion. Alarmed at his cries, his attendants and nobles climbed up into his room in such numbers that the floor collapsed and he was killed on the spot ... .” (as recounted by William Addams Reitwiesner in ''The Lesbian Ancestors of Prince Rainier of Monaco, Dr. Otto von Habsburg, Brooke Shields, and the Marquis de Sade''. But those are probably unrelated<g>. - [[User:Nunh-huh|Nunh-huh]] 04:27, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
::::Wow. I had an elaborately flippant reply prepared... and then I checked. That monograph ''exists''? Dude. I feel so much more cheerful about the world now. [[User:Shimgray|Shimgray]] | [[User talk:Shimgray|talk]] | 14:31, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
==Memes==
Is it true that a meme rarely regenerates? If asked, will a meme serve as an answer? Is it true that one can splice syntactical meaning with logical non-meaning? Can someone please explain/make better?
== american red cross ==
Dear Sir/Madam,
I admit, maybe there is a flaw in my research method. Thus far I have been unable to find the answers to the following questions: What is the organizational structure of the American Red Cross? What is the chain of command? How does changes in the organization come about? (ie, who makes the changes? is there a board that vote on a bill? etc.)
Thank you.
julie
:Take a look at [http://www.redcross.org/museum/leadersbio.html]. The fourth paragraph (starting "Following World War II") gives their organisational structure in brief. There's an email address at the bottom of that page which might provide a good resource for followup questions.-[[User:Gadfium|gadfium]] 04:46, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
== Name of a Movie==
I'm looking for a movie that I saw when I was very young about a journalist who decided to write about being a Playboy bunny. I can't remember much else about it except that. If you could help me I would really like to know its name.
Kitten 9:51pm Oregon
*Probably ''[http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0088865/ A Bunny's Tale]'', a 1985 TV-movie based on [[Gloria Steinem]]'s experience and starting [[Kirstie Alley]]. --[[User:Metropolitan90|Metropolitan90]] 04:55, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
Thank you sooooo much I've being looking forever adn no one seems to know what I'm talking about:) Thanks agian:)
== serenity prayer origins ==
There have been multiple claims that "Reinhold Niebuhr" popularized but not originated a much older version. Two of the more common original authors were Christoph Oetinger and Franz of Assisi.
If there had been earlier versions of this prayer, should we not be able to find in old texts in libraries in the world that have cited the prayer?
Has anyone claimed with "black on white" certainty, in whatever langauge, a printed source from a book earlier than 1900?
If none exist, then the WikiPedia entry should note this point as further support of the Reinhold Niebuhr claim to fame. [[User:Dlwl|Dlwl]] 04:47, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
== Russian society ==
Why is the country of Russia more European than the rest of Asia? I can understand the western part being more like Europe but even the eastern section of Russian is far different the Mongolia, China, Japan or any other nearby coutries.
* Our [[Russia]] article should provide some assistance. Our [[Demographics of Russia]] article should be of some assistance as should our [[History of Russia]] article. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 06:56, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
::The western part of Russia is not just like Europe, it is '''in''' Europe. [[User:Valiantis|Valiantis]] 12:17, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
:::It is tempting to say the Europeans colonized what is now Russia (and some of that did happen, mainly from the Vikings), but in prehistoric times just the reverse happened, the people in Europe came from what is now Russia. That is why they are called [[Caucasian]]s, after the [[Caucasus Mountains]] on the Southern border of Russia, where this broad ethnic group/gene pool/race apparently originated. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 20:38, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
== Can one name their child a curse word? ==
Hi, just a quick question, in the United States, I was wondering if it was legal to name a child a profanity. I would never do such a thing, but I was curious as to if there were any laws in the US that would stop this from occurring. My closest guess it that it be seen as a form of child abuse, perhaps, and the parents might be forced to either change the kids' name or give them up, but I don't know enough about US law to be sure. Okay, thanks for your time!
[[User:199.111.88.216|199.111.88.216]] 12:36, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
:I would agree that someone would lock you up for child abuse or some such thing. I know it's not in the U.S. but in Sweden there was the case of "Albin". His parents named him [[Brfxxccxxmnpcccclllmmnprxvclmnckssqlbb11116]] and insisted that it be pronounced "Albin". [[User:Dismas|Dismas]]|[[User talk:Dismas|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 14:07, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
No laws at all in the US. There are plenty of weird names out there. Some make you think "poor kid." I think the only requirement for a legal name change if you are an adult is that it not be done "with intent to defraud." [[User:Alteripse|alteripse]] 14:37, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
Happens all the time. Friends in Detroit tell me they've personally seen medical records with a girl name pronounced "Ash-oh-lay" spelled Asshole and another name pronounced Shi-thay-uh-d spelled Shithead. Unbelievable, but the parents thought it was just fine. I'm sure you could verify this with birth records which are probably public record. - [[User:Taxman|Taxman]] <sup><small>[[User talk:Taxman|Talk]]</sup></small> 16:14, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
*Well, those are classic urban legend -- down to the "friends" who personally have seen them. Snopes has a good [http://www.snopes.com/racial/language/names.htm discussion] of these and other unlikely names (I've always been fond of the lovely name Chlamydia). As far as I know, there aren't any state laws restricting what parents can name their kids, and it's far from anything US Federal law would attempt to control (or at least one would hope.) --[[User:Jpgordon|jpgordon]][[User talk:Jpgordon|∇∆∇∆]] 22:10, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
:Such a law does exist in Quebec. Some people tried to name their kid "Spatule," as in the kitchen utensil, but they were prevented from doing so [http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a980828.html]. -- [[User:Mwalcoff|Mwalcoff]] 23:57, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
::There is a well known story about a little boy who asked his teacher why Mary and Joseph had named their baby after a swear word. [[User:Shantavira|Shantavira]] 13:03, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
My mother, a social worker once told me about a crack addict mother who was high as a kite at the time of her twins birth. She legally named on Chicken of the Sea and the other Master of the Universe. So who knows? Curse words might be no better. [moved from question below]
== sovereign states ==
I wonder how come the field of international relations is reserved for 'sovereign states', while excluding minorities or autonomies.. Could any one refer me to treaties/agreements/conventions defining a 'state'? I've found the Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States, but it is (officially) limited to the Americas. Is there any convention in International Law which specifies 'sovereignity' and 'state'?
:My understanding of this issue is that the definition of state as outlined in the Montevideo Convention is used as the ''de facto'' definition in international relations. -- [[User:Rune.welsh|Rune Welsh]] | [[User_talk:Rune.welsh|ταλκ]] | [[Wikipedia:Esperanza|<font color="#339900">Esperanza</font>]] 21:29, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
== Novelist or Author? ==
Most writers are described (as in on their disambiguation page) as "Author", example: Melville (Herman). Some are described as "Novelist", example: Conrad (Joseph). What is proper? Which is most accurate and/or honorable? Should Wikipedia consistently denote things like this?
Thanks! --[[User:131.183.98.134|131.183.98.134]] 13:18, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
:According to [[Author]], "The author of a book, story, article or the like, is the person who has written it (or is writing it). This can be short or long, fiction or nonfiction, poetry or prose, technical or literature; in particular it is a profession (doing this for pay)." So an author is a writer, but a novelist is someone who writes [[novel]]s. Since [[Herman Melville]] wrote not only novels, but also short stories and poetry, the writer(s) of the article may have chosen to use author rather than novelist. However, in his article he is referred to as a novelist. [[Joseph Conrad]] also wrote novels and short stories, so perhaps he would be more accurately described as an author, rather than only a novelist. Perhaps Wikipedia should be more consistent about this. [[Wikipedia:Be bold in updating pages|Be bold]] and change it yourself!
== Frederick Douglass ==
Try [[Frederick Douglass]] --[[User:Borbrav|Borbrav]] 00:09, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
== Royal grants of title ==
Dear Sirs:
Please tell me where I can find the actual wording of an English royal grant of title from the 17th Century under Charles I. If such a document is not available, any English royal document will be helpful. Thanks you.
Louise M. Gouge
:What do you mean by "grant of title" - a grant of a title of nobility, or of title to land? [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/pre18.htm The Avalon Project] has a selection of letters patent for land grants. Are you trying to replicate one, or to confirm if a copy of one is accurate? [[User:Shimgray|Shimgray]] | [[User talk:Shimgray|talk]] | 17:19, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
== media history and politics ==
how did the media change between 1750 and now?
:I'm not sure I understand your question. Are you asking how "the media" changed in the sense of "the people who produce news information" or do you mean the question to be about the changes in how news information is conveyed since that time? In either case the changes between the 18th century and now are pretty large, it'd be hard to sum them up. In a nutshell, a lot of this has to do with changes in publishing -- cheap newspapers, increased literacy, changing role of news organizations, changing role of nation/states and the rights of communication, creation of magazines and other essay-length periodicals, etc., which are already a number of BIG changes which happen in the early 19th century without even getting into the innovations of the 20th century like radio, television, and the internet. --[[User:Fastfission|Fastfission]] 16:57, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
::You can argue that [[telegraph]] was the biggie. All the rest is just refinements... --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 07:52, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
== calusa indians ==
What did the calusa indians eat?what did they drink?
* Our [[Calusa]] article is silent on the issue other than referring to mounds of shells which suggests seafood was an important part of their diet. This article [http://www.floridahistory.org/floridians/indian.htm] on various tribes of Native Americans in Florida states "The [[Caloosahatchee River]] ("River of the Calusa") was the main highway of the Calusa into the interior. Its banks teamed with small game and its waters were abundant with fish and shellfish. Calusa canoes could circumvent [[Lake Okeechobee]] and travel up the [[Kissimmee River]] into other tribal areas." It also seems that they were known as skilled hunters. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 05:51, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
== A title of Apollo ==
I have recently finished reading the excellent book ''War Music'' by [[Christopher Logue]]. It is a rewrite basically of the Illiad, and it is one of the most spectacular books I have ever read. I warmly recommend it to anybody, even if you're only slightly interested in Homer or poetry in general. Anyway, in the book he repeatadly calls [[Apollo]] ''The Lord of Light and Mice''. The mice part is obviously a reference to the plauge amongst the greek troops. Now, I considered myself fairly knowledgable about classic greek works, in my youth I read both works by Homer aswell as several other great works, but I have ''never'' heard Apollo be called by that title. Logue says that his sources are exclusivly the several different translations of the Illiad (he can't even read greek), so is this something that like [[Alexander Pope]] used somewhere in his translation or something? Or is this a common title for the Sun-God? Any greek scholars here that can cast light on the subject? [[User:Gkhan|gkhan]] 16:11, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
:'Lord of Light' obviously comes from his role as the sun god; 'Lord of Mice' is indeed found in Homer, as ''Σμινθέως'' (glossed as 'Mouse-god'). (The same epithet is also found in Pausanius and Strabo.) I can't find any combination of the two names in any classical works; it may be from one English translation or another, but I suspect that it is of the author's invention. —[[User:Mirv|Charles P.]][[User talk:Mirv| <small>(Mirv)</small>]] 01:53, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
I agree the combined epithet was invented by Logue, but there is a nice summary of the epithet smintheos ("god of the mice") from line 39 of book 1 of the Iliad in Walter Leaf's commentary: Smintheu, lit. ‘Mouse-god’; Apollo was worshipped under this title in the Troad, as at Smyrna as ‘Locust-god,’ Parnopios. Strabo (p. 606) knows of several places named Sminthia, as far as Rhodes. The Sminthian temple near Cape Lekton existed to historical times; and even on late coins of Alexandria Troas Apollo appears with a mouse at his feet. Mr. Lang argues that this indicates the amalgamation of the Greek Apollo with a local mouse-god, originally a tribal totem. The common explanation is that the word is a familiar abbreviation of Sminthophthoros, destroying the field-mice or voles which ravaged the vineyards: hoi gar Krêtes tous muas sminthous kalousin Schol. A (see Frazer's note on Paus.x. 12. 5). Only a few years ago Thessaly was seriously injured by an invasion of these little pests. Others see in the mouse the symbol of plague, which would be especially suitable here. In Herodotos the destruction of the army of Sennacherib is attributed not to a plague but to a host of field-mice which gnawed the Assyrian bow-strings in the night. A somewhat similar story connected with the colonization of the Troad is told by Strabo (p. 604). In 1 Sam. vi. 4 golden mice are offered as a propitiation when visited by a plague (W. Robertson Smith Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia p. 302, where further evidence is given for a Semitic mouse-god). erepsa seems to indicate the most primitive form of temple -- a mere roof to protect the image of a god standing in a grove; for it was to groves, not to buildings, that sanctity originally belonged. Temples are rarely mentioned in H.; we hear only of those of Apollo and Athene in Troy, and of Athene at Athens. See note on 5.446. charienta seems to be proleptic, for thy pleasure. For the construction of the prayer cf. E 115.
I snipped the above from the [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134;layout=;loc=1.1;query=card%3D%232#anch1 Perseus project]. For other associations and allusions, the ''smintheos'' epithet is also discussed more extensively by [[Robert Graves]] in '''The Greek Myths''' than in any of the other compendia of [[Greek mythology]] I am aware of. [[User:Alteripse|alteripse]] 02:44, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
== political science ==
please in not more than 2 pages, what is the definition and nature of political science?
:Ohh, you mean something like [[Homework|this]]? Please read the top of the page, then you can look at [[Political science]] and start from there. [[User:Gkhan|gkhan]] 18:48, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
== banker's visors ==
Why were those old-fashioned visors worn by bankers green?
== what is the role of the Popoe in the Ctholic church ==
The earthly head. See [[Pope]]. —[[User:Mirv|Charles P.]][[User talk:Mirv| <small>(Mirv)</small>]] 19:35, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
The Ctholic church? Do you mean the Church of [[Cthulhu]]? -- [[User:Arwel Parry|Arwel]] 00:08, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
== Article and section or Amendment of the Constitution ==
If a personis indicted for a crime, what are all the rights which he has per the United States Constitution(Not the Miranda warning). What articles or Amendments are these listed under?
:The simple solution here is to think - well, ''[[Miranda v. Arizona]]'' held that people's rights weren't being protected on arrest, so what rights did they hold people had? Our article on that case says:
::''The Court held that suspects, prior to being interrogated by police, must be informed of their rights under the '''Fifth''' and '''Sixth''' Amendments to the United States Constitution.''
:(Note that the "Miranda right" is ''just'' to be warned of your rights - it didn't actually create those rights.) Our articles on the [[Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] and [[Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] may be useful, also note the Fourteenth (which holds that all persons, citizen or noncitizen, are covered by these rights). [[User:Shimgray|Shimgray]] | [[User talk:Shimgray|talk]] | 19:57, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
I'm neither American nor am I a lawyer, so take this with a grain of salt :P Off the top of my head:
*Fourth amendment guards against unlawful searches (not really a problem if you are already under arrest, but oh well)
*Fifth amendment guards against having to witness against yourself and establishes grand jurys
*Sixth amendment ensures a jury-trial in a criminal case
*Seventh amendment ensures a jury-trail in a civil case
*Eigth amendment guards against torture and excessive bail
*Fourteenth ensures due process and equal protection
I'm sure there are more. Please see our articles on these amendments for the details. Also, I guess technically you could say that the first amendment ensures free speach for prisoners :D [[User:Gkhan|gkhan]] 20:05, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
== family name ==
According to family legend we have a baroness in our family line, however any historical searches are leading me nowhere. Can you please provide me with information about a Baroness Von Orther it could possibly be spelled Von Orthor. According to the story she would have been from Bavaria. The family name that I am part of is Bankert, if that helps, and all our ancestors were to have come to the U.S. from Bavaria. Thanks so much!
== Who are the best selling authors in human history? ==
Is there a list available of the authors who have published the most books, in order of the number of books they have published? This seems like a very simple/common thing to wonder about, but I haven't been able to find any information on, for example, [[author]], [[writer]], [[bestseller]], or [[lists of authors]]. I am particularly interested in whether the forty million novels published by [[Terry Pratchett]] place him in, for example, the top ten or twenty novelists in history, by publication numbers. Thanks. -- [[User:Creidieki|Creidieki]] 23:02, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
:#[[God]]
:#[[Mao Zedong]] <br>-- <font color="#FF0000">'''Миборовский'''</font> <sup>[[User:Miborovsky|U]]|[[User talk:Miborovsky|T]]|[[Special:Contributions/Miborovsky|C]]|[[Special:Emailuser/Miborovsky|E]]</sup> 02:36, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
::I hope you don't mean the bible. A bunch of people wrote the bible, the idea of a god was just the inspiration ☢ [[User:Kieff|Kieff]] | [[User_talk:Kieff|Talk]] 07:48, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
:::The [[Communist Manifesto]] must be somewhere near the [[Little Red Book]] in terms of all-time sales records. That has to put [[Karl Marx]] up there at number three. It puts [[The Beatles]] claim to be bigger than [[Jesus]] into perspective. --[[User:Diderot|Diderot]] 11:44, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
::::I would doubt that. Mao's work was required reading for all citizens of the world's most populous country; this was never the case with the Communist Manifesto. (Indeed, you might argue that the behaviour of those who later called themselves Communists suggests they hadn't paid much attention to Marx's message at all...) [[User:Valiantis|Valiantis]] 00:43, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
*Technically, God didn't write the bible. He may have told people what to put in it, but it was the people on earth who actually put pen to paper. See [[Old Testament]] and [[New Testament]]. - [[User:131.211.210.16|131.211.210.16]] 07:50, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
:*[[Ten Commandments|Some was written directly]]. [[User:Ojw|Ojw]] 19:47, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
::However, if you are a believer, God did write the [[Koran]] (at least by dictation). That's probably sold a few copies. [[User:Valiantis|Valiantis]] 01:15, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
:According to her Wikipedia article [[Danielle Steel]] has sold 530 million novels. I make no claims as to the veracity of this figure, but it beats Terry Pratchett hands down if the 40 million figure quoted is correct. [[User:Valiantis|Valiantis]] 01:15, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
::The appallingly uninventive [[Catherine Cookson]] has sold over 100 million according to our article, further knocking Pratchett down. I would strongly assume [[Stephen King]] has sold more than Pratchett, As would [[Tolkien]]. But I've tried dozens of tweaked searches to find a chart with no success. --[[User:Bodnotbod|bodnotbod]] 02:28, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
== Greek word for excessive pride or ambition ==
[[hubris]] [[User:Alteripse|alteripse]] 01:19, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
== Bob Dylan - Nashville Skyline ==
I know Dylan did all of his recordings "live" - never dubbed anything or laid down separate tracks. On Nashville Skyline at the beginning of the song "To Be Alone with You" he asks if the tape is rolling and then a few seconds later starts singing. Does anyone know if this was "planned" (which doesn't seem like something Dylan would do) or if this is just Dylan genuinely asking if the tape was rolling since this was a "live" take of him playing and singing like usual? Thanks. --[[User:Nadsat|Nadsat]] 00:56, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
Nadsat,
According to our article on ''[[Nashville Skyline]]'', the recording of "To Be Alone With You" was very relaxed so I suspect it was unplanned and Dylan just liked the version of the song recorded in the take. The Allmusic.com article on the song states that the song was recorded in an "off-the-cuff atmosphere" see [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&token=ADFEAEE4781ED947A57520EFB71670E1FA5CDE2DFE62D9BA5007656392940454880C71ED59E695CCB1E572AB7BAFFF2BE85805D3CEE452FDCC1740&sql=33:r1azq815ojha] so it seems it was unplanned. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 06:06, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
:Note also things like ''Bob Dylan's 115th Dream'' (where he collapses laughing) on Bringing It All Back Home, or various tracks on the Bootleg Series - there's a few starting with conversations, lead-ins, that sort of thing. [[User:Shimgray|Shimgray]] | [[User talk:Shimgray|talk]] | 11:49, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
Thank you for your responses. I have noticed many of the bootlegs have that sort of relaxed manner to them, but this was the first time I noticed it so blatantly on a released track. Although, perhaps the recording of Rainy Day Women #12 and #35 rivals this one. Thank you for confirming that Dylan never "pre-planned" his recordings - which makes them all the more admirable. --[[User:Nadsat|Nadsat]] 15:16, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
== Boxer Rebellion ==
After I studied the Boxer Rebellion, I am wondering that what are the impacts of this event to China and "the outside world"? Would you please give me the answer as soon as possible and my e-mail address is (''deleted to protect user's privacy''). Thanks
:''edited for formatting and to remove user's e-mail address --[[User:Metropolitan90|Metropolitan90]] 02:05, 7 October 2005 (UTC)''
*See [[Boxer Rebellion]] for information. --[[User:Metropolitan90|Metropolitan90]] 02:05, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
== Mr Ardennes ==
On the National Archives [[WWII]] photo gallery, [http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-111.jpg number 111], there is the photo of the German soldier sometimes known as "Mr Ardennes". What is his name? What unit did he belong to? When was he born? Was he killed? Thanks. <br>-- <font color="#FF0000">'''Миборовский'''</font> <sup>[[User:Miborovsky|U]]|[[User talk:Miborovsky|T]]|[[Special:Contributions/Miborovsky|C]]|[[Special:Emailuser/Miborovsky|E]]</sup> 02:08, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
:The NARA's image description reads ''"A Nazi soldier, heavily armed, carries ammunition boxes forward with companion in territory taken by their counter-offensive in this scene from captured German film." Belgium, December 1944.'' but you probably already knew that. Date and place might give you a lead to figure out his unit... [[User:Lupo|Lupo]] 08:25, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
::The photographer (or cameraman, if it's a still from some movie) appears to have been on Fritz Winter [http://bastogne.org/photos/p_ww2.html], not to be confused with the painter Fritz Winter. However, on the various websites I found this image on there is some confusion on whether this is the photographer's name, the name of the soldier, or just a generic moniker. [[User:Lupo|Lupo]] 08:51, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
:::Got some more on him: ''"This man was in Kampfgruppe Hansen of the 2nd Company, I./SS-Pz.Gren.Rgt 1. His name is Walter Armbrusch, and he possesed the rank of SS-Schütze as an MG-42 gunner. Here he is seen after a successful attack on an Allied reconnaisance convy, with gear obtained from it. The picture is taken during the early days the [[Battle of the Bulge]].".'' See [http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=26538&postdays=0&postorder=asc&start=0], where there are a few more pictures of him. Maybe you can find more info in the book by Paul Pallud, ''The Battle of the Bulge'', 1986; ISBN 0-90091-340-1, where he even features on the title. [[User:Lupo|Lupo]] 09:10, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
::::And then again, maybe he's not Walter Armbrush: [http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=49737]... Also, see [http://www.feldgrau.net/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=14518&] and [http://www.wehrmacht-awards.com/forums/showthread.php?t=23818&goto=nextnewest]. Contact the [http://www.museum-poteau44.be/ museum at Poteau]... [[User:Lupo|Lupo]] 09:32, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
== HELP ME PLEASE ==
can someone please tell me what is the physical, metaphysical and spiritual nature of god as well as some of his personality traits, scars, tattoos, defining characteristics and his hair colour? PLEASE ANSWER RIGHT AWAY I NEED THIS FOR MY HOMEWORK FOR TOMORROW
:I'm pretty sure he's got [[Hell's Angels]] tattooed across his chest.{{unsigned|Lomn|02:13, 7 October 2005 (UTC)}}
:Try our article on [[God]]. You could just have typed that into the search box.-[[User:Gadfium|gadfium]] 03:28, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
:He looks exactly like [[Morgan Freeman]].
:Seriously, we don't do you your homework for you, and there's no way we can provide a short answer to a question that has prompted millions of pages of discussion amongst theologians and philosophers for thousands of years. Try Gadfium's suggestion.--[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 06:05, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
::He's actually [[Alanis Morissette]]. [[User:Adam Bishop|Adam Bishop]] 06:06, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
:::[[Charlton Heston]]! --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 06:10, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
::::I hate to get all theological on you here, but he actually played [[Moses]]. --[[User:fvw|fvw]][[User talk:Fvw|<SMALL><FONT COLOR="green">*</FONT></SMALL>]] 06:13, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
:::::He had a go at playing the big guy as well in the abysmal ''Almost an Angel'' in 1990. Check the IMDB.--[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 06:22, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
::::::So he did, live and learn. --[[User:fvw|fvw]][[User talk:Fvw|<SMALL><FONT COLOR="green">*</FONT></SMALL>]] 06:24, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
:[http://homepage.mac.com/andreaspape/zap/C1963732562/E173794101/ God wears tights] but I can't verify the claim about the tattoo. [[User:JamesMLane|JamesMLane]] 06:42, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
== Industrial revolution between 1760 and 1830 ==
Hi, i have a question in mind.
Does Industrial Revolution leads to Asia being colonized by the West?
Thanks
shuhui
*Shuhui,
Our [[Industrial Revolution]] article states that took place in the late 18th and early 19th century. The chronology of [[Imperialism in Asia]] states that the Portuguese conquered Sri Lanka in 1505 and the process was well underway by the time that the Industrial Revolution started. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 07:58, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
: It didn't lead to it, but it did speed up the process by reducing the travel time between Europe & Asia & by increasing the industrial production capacity of Europe, & hence its demand for raw materials & its ability to provide colony countries with manufactured goods to bind them to the west (& in the case of guns & bullets to speed the process of conquest). [[User:AllanHainey|AllanHainey]] 12:18, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
== Rescind or revoke the Nobel Peace Prize ==
Has the Nobel Peace Prize ever been revoked, rescinded, stripped from, taken back, or otherwise discredited with respect to a particular recipient? Have there been political controversies after the fact of awarding the Prize? Has it ever been refused, on the part of the recipient?
:To quote [[Richard Feynman]]:
:::''Then I began to think, "How can I turn this all off? I don't want any of this!" So the first thing was to take the telephone off the hook, because calls were coming one right after the other. I tried to go back to sleep, but found it was impossible.
:::''I went down to the study to think: What am I going to do? Maybe I won't accept the Prize. What would happen then? Maybe that's impossible.
:::''I put the receiver back on the hook and the phone rang right away. It was a guy from ''Time'' magazine. I said to him, "Listen, I've got a problem, so I want this off the record. I don't know how to get out of this thing. Is there some way not to accept the Prize?"
:::''He said, "I'm afraid, sir, that there isn't any way you can do it without making more of a fuss than if you leave it alone."
:Now, he was talking about Physics not Peace, but the principle applies - it's really very difficult to refuse a Nobel prize without causing a massive amount of fuss. I don't believe anyone has done it. It's been treated as a ''joke'' with regards to some recipients - Henry Kissinger was a popular topic of satire, for example - but the prize itself hasn't been discredited nor have they had it revoked; note, though, that in many years it simply hasn't been awarded. In something as "political" as Peace, though, I suspect they quietly sound out the recipient to see if they're likely to do something messy like refuse it. [[User:Shimgray|Shimgray]] | [[User talk:Shimgray|talk]] | 11:38, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
*Actually, [[Le Duc Tho]] refused when he and Kissinger were awarded it. Likewise, [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] refused his, though it got kind of messy. --[[User:Jpgordon|jpgordon]][[User talk:Jpgordon|∇∆∇∆]] 17:47, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
** [[Gerhard Domagk]] and [[Richard Kuhn]] were forced to refuse Nobel Prizes by the Nazi Germany, but they accepted it after the war. [[User:Tintin1107|Tintin]] 03:11, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
** ''[[Boris Pasternak]] was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1958, but he declined to accept it, probably under pressure from the Soviet authorities.'' [[User:Tintin1107|Tintin]] 10:25, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
A Nobel Prize can be refused but not taken back. After the outbreak of widespread Palestinian violence in 2001, people (depending on which side they were on) called for the rescinding of Yasser Arafat and Shimon Peres' peace prizes. But the Nobel people said that once you win a prize, it's yours to keep, just like on ''Wheel of Fortune''. -- [[User:70.27.57.22|70.27.57.22]] 00:28, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
:They took it back from [[Milli Vanilli]]. Oh, no wait - I'm thinking of something else. --[[User:Bodnotbod|bodnotbod]] 02:42, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
== SURVEY OF SELECTED SOCIETIES AND CULTURES IN AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA. ==
Africans clim to be the pace-setters in development but are still one of the deprived continents in the world.discuss
:That's not a question. And which Africans, exactly, "clim" to be the pace-setters in development? – [[User:Quadell|Quadell]] <sup>([[User_talk:Quadell|talk]])</sup> 11:53, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
== Presidential approval ratings ==
Greetings. According to [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/10/06/opinion/polls/main924485.shtml a Time poll], President Bush's approval rating is now down to 37%, his lowest ever. When was the last time any president had such a low approval rating? I assume Nixon's was lower toward the end, but has there been a case since then? – [[User:Quadell|Quadell]] <sup>([[User_talk:Quadell|talk]])</sup> 11:51, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
:There are "end of term" approval ratings which are recorded as lower, but these are generally statistically freaky - people who lose tend to have people saying they really preferred the other guy &c. So Nixon was 24% when he left, and Carter 34% according to [http://uspolitics.about.com/library/bl_historical_approval.htm] - but you'd get more realistic numbers if you polled people the day ''before'' the election, not after. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A43180-2005Apr11.html] has some polling data ''for the same week in their second terms'', which is more the sort of data we're looking for. Gallup says Truman had the lowest approval ever, 23% in January 1952 - ''but'' in January '52, as mentioned above, we'd be looking at an end-of-office poll so it may be exaggerated. [http://poll.gallup.com/content/default.aspx?ci=10534&pg=2]. Carter apparently hit a disapproval of 59%, which probably means under 37% approval (these figures never add up due to "undecided") during summer '79, so he's probably the last case - not really the example W. would like to compare himself to, I fear. (Before you cry "but Ford!", people kinda liked Ford, all told. Heck, ''I'' like Ford. He didn't screw up much.) [[User:Shimgray|Shimgray]] | [[User talk:Shimgray|talk]] | 12:32, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
[http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/StateOfTheUnion/story?id=462498 ABC News] says [[George H.W. Bush]] hit 33 percent during his presidency. That was [http://www.realclearpolitics.com/Commentary/com-10_26_04_MK.html right before the 1992 election]. -- [[User:70.27.57.22|70.27.57.22]] 00:22, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
also, do we have a list of US presidents who got the electoral vote without a popular majority, somewhere? I am curious as to how many times this has happened. 17:09, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
:never mind, I found it, it happened four times, John Quincy Adams 1824, Samuel J. Tilden 1876, Benjamin Harrison 1888 and George W. Bush 2000.
== survey of selected societies and cultures in sub saharan africa. ==
African claims to be the pace-setters in development but it is still one of the deprived continents in the world.[[User:80.255.50.66|80.255.50.66]] 13:34, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
:What's your question? [[User:Dismas|Dismas]]|[[User talk:Dismas|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 13:49, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
:Anything that ends "Discuss" is obviously a homework question! [[User:Notinasnaid|Notinasnaid]] 14:21, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
== Vocal range: Contralto and Sopprano ==
Hello, I've been looking all over the web for an answer to this question, so I hope you can help me. Recently, I started taking private vocal lessons, and discovered that my usable vocal range spans a little over 3 octaves. From D above tennor C to F above sopprano C. This covers both the Contralto and Sopprano ranges, and I wanted to know if there is a term for that, which I could put down on an application to music school. I've asked my teacher, but she isn't classically trained and doesn't know.
Thank you for your help.
Georgia
*[[Mezzo-soprano]], perhaps? I'm not familiar with the terminology of the field, though, and that seems to be a seperate classification which is not quite one nor the other. Looking at [[Fach]] might help, or [[Vocal range]]s.
*Alternately, if you just want your range determined, you could contact a vocal teacher who ''is'' classically trained (your teacher may know one) and ask if they'd be willing to let you know the proper terminology for the applications, for a small fee. They'll likely know this stuff better than someone who can't hear you! [[User:Shimgray|Shimgray]] | [[User talk:Shimgray|talk]] | 15:26, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
*Most women's voices are naturally centred on the [[vocal range|range]] of [[mezzo-soprano]], and most women feel more comfortable singing closer to that range. It is important to note the difference between possible vocal range and the useful one: being able to eac a certain note does not mean that you will necessarily be able to sing it well. A trained voice is able to expand its range, though it often develops quite distinct ''registers''. These are a bit like gears on a bike or car: the voice changes in timbre as it shifts register. It would be useful to sing through your range (ascending and descending) with your teacher and notice where the distinct divisions of register fall. This might give you some idea of your technical proficiency in a certain vocal range. Besides that, simply choose what is most comfortable and which range appeals to you most, noting that there is often more competition between sopranos than there is between other singers. --[[User:Garzo|Gareth Hughes]] 15:35, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* I have no idea, but congrats on having such an amazing range. <font style="color:#5A3696;">♥[[User:Purplefeltangel|<font style="color:#5A3696;">purplefeltangel</font>]] <sup> ([[User talk:Purplefeltangel|<font style="color:#5A3696;">talk</font>]])</sup> ♥ <sup>([[Special:Contributions/Purplefeltangel|<font style="color:#5A3696;">contribs</font>]])</sup></span> 21:27, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* I've been doing a lot of editing on vocal range articles in Wikipedia, so I'm delighted to see a question about it. I do love being useful. I agree with Shimgray. The only way to determine your voice type in classical terms is to work with a classical teacher for a few months and have him/her figure it out. Voice classification involves not just range but [[timbre]], [[tessitura]], [[vocal registration|registration]], and so on. Until you've had some time to work out these things with a professional, it's not really sensible to apply a label. And, of course, it depends on what sort of music you tend to sing. Keep at the lessons, and worry about the labels later. 02:52, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
* My son has almost the same range as an "unchanged" voice at 12-years old. The opera company lists him as a "Treble", a woman in the same range a "Mezzo-Soprano".
*It will help your web search if you spell [[soprano]] correctly. --[[User:Auximines|Auximines]] 13:07, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
== Autonomy and Foreign Affairs ==
This is a restatement of a question above the received no replies. We're studying the relationships between sovereign states and autonomous regions or autonomous identity groups. It seems commonly accepted that 'international affairs' is a competency (a responsibility or delegated power) that is 'reserved' for the central government or the sovereign state, meaning then that autonomous regions generally are excluded from international affairs. Of course, there are exceptions. What we would like someone to help with is to point us at a reference that explains or defines or identifies the source of this generally accepted international legal norm. We would like to be able to point to the foundational documents, treaties, or international agreements which indicate how this practice came into effect. Thanks if you can help!
:The first particular case I can think of is the US, where the "sovereign states" merged into a single entity and signed away their competency to international relations.
:I remember reading some interesting debate on "montevideo minus one" entities a while back - places that fulfil three of the four Montevideo criteria - which is [http://headheeb.blogmosis.com/archives/026842.html here]. (Yes, Montevideo technically only refers to the Americas, but it is considered generally relevant in international affairs anyway - it's not binding, but it's something usually accepted as Making Good Sense). As one of the four criteria is "ability to enter into relations wirh other states", you might find it interesting. [[User:Shimgray|Shimgray]] | [[User talk:Shimgray|talk]] | 15:37, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
::Does having a military establishment create competency in that it's not so important to talk to someone who cannot invade your territory? --[[User:Garzo|Gareth Hughes]] 15:58, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
:During the Middle Ages, and earlier periods, it was common for local leaders to actively involve themselves in international relations. The [[Treaty of Westphalia]] is often considered the point where Europe switched to modern nation state based diplomacy. This came about, in part, because the central governments gained a [[monopoly on violence]] during this era. - [[User:SimonP|SimonP]] 19:24, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
Actually, sometimes, subnational governments do get involved in international affairs. The Canadian province of [[Quebec]], which likes to act as if it's an independent country, has its own ministry of international relations and has quasi-embassies all over the world. In the U.S., states are prevented from signing binding international agreements under Article I, Section 10 of the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]]. Nonetheless, states regularly engage in nonbinding agreements and cooperation with foreign entities. See [http://www.irpp.org/miscpubs/archive/NA_integ/wp2004-09d.pdf this article] on the role of North American states and provinces in foreign affairs. -- [[User:Mwalcoff|Mwalcoff]] 01:09, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
: Many US states, and even major cities, have trade missions to other nations, states and cities ... check out [[sister cities]] for example.
: Can a political entity join the [[United Nations]] or take grievances there?
:: Some American Indians complained to the UN that the USA had violated some treaties with them. Very true, but the UN did not recognize the tribes as having standing at the UN. [[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 02:57, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
::There are various non-national entities with accepted observer status at the UN - see [[United Nations General Assembly observers]] - but they can't actually ''join'', as this is reserved for sovereign states (and in effect not all of them - Taiwan, whilst generally considered sovereign by the world, won't be able to join as China would be sure to veto it) [[User:Shimgray|Shimgray]] | [[User talk:Shimgray|talk]] | 19:39, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
:::I don't know the source for the 'accepted legal norm' that only sovereign states are the only ones able to deal with other sovereign states in international affairs. I don't think that there is a specific legal document which sets it out (apart from impositions imposed by central government on the limits of the authority of their provinces or [[devolution|devolved]] components. I would suspect one or more of the following as the reason though:
1) No sovereign state is going to deal with a non sovereign state (Eg [[France]] makes a treaty with [[Wales]]) as it would lead to conflict, & possibly war, with the country (sovereign state) which claims that territory (Eg [[United Kingdom]]). Although in the past such things have occurred with countries making deals with governments in exile where the 'sovereign state' is one they are already at war with(eg UK sheltered, recognised & made agreements with French, Polish in exile in WW2 when their countries were no longer sovereign as they'd been occupied by [[Nazi germany]].
2) No sovereign state would want to make deals with a constituent part of another country for fear that country will recognise & make treaties with parts of its own territory (EG the [[USA]] wouldn't have made a treaty with [[Scotland]] incase the UK made a treaty with [[Virginia]], the [[CSA]], etc).
3) Unless you are intentionally aiming to destabilise another country there would be no point in dealing with non-sovereign states as the sovereign state which claims authority over them wouldn't recognise any agreement (Eg if you made a treaty with [[Catalonia]] [[Spain]] wouldn't recognise it and would probably get very upset at both of you. Also if Catelonia made such an treaty in its own name it could be considered as an act of secession & could be quickly surpressed).
4) Unless it is making a bid for autonomy/independence no non-sovereign state is going to make a deal on international relations with a sovereign state. If its bid succeeds then it is a sovereign state itself & its agreement before that is forgotten (EG American colonies alliance with France before they won independence), or if they fail the agreement is forgotten & no longer valid (Can't think of any examples of this, though that may prove the point). [[User:AllanHainey|AllanHainey]] 15:44, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
A basic principle of most international organizations (UN, African Union, OAS, etc.) is non-intereference by the organization or its members in the internal affairs of another member. making treaties or delas with a sub-national entity would violate that principle. I would expect that national governments developed that principle to protect their own positions against foreign interference. There are some small deviations from the principle: the Government of [[Quebec]] (as "Canada-Quebec"), and the [[French Community of Belgium]] are members [[La Francophonie]] as "participating governments", but these are rare exceptions. [[User:Ground Zero|Ground Zero]] | [[User talk:Ground Zero|t]] 21:40, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
:One historical case I've just remembered is the [[British East India Company]] which was a non-sovereign commercial entity which made binding treaties (though they usually broke them) with a large number of Indian principalities & sovereign states. On a number of occasions even buying & selling some of those states to/from other Indian rulers. [[User:AllanHainey|AllanHainey]] 07:11, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
== Are patents copyrighted? ==
Are patent copyrighted? Are the text and images in a patent application copyrighted? Thanks. -- [[User:Bmicomp|BMIComp]] [[User_talk:bmicomp|(talk]], [[User:bmicomp/RfC|HOWS MY DRIVING)]] 15:31, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
:Unless explicitly stated otherwise I would assume so. They are original work, they are creative, so yes. [[User:Shimgray|Shimgray]] | [[User talk:Shimgray|talk]] | 15:37, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
*They're patented rather than copyrighted. But the effect is the same. You can't use such material. - [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm]]|[[User talk:MacGyverMagic|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 16:27, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
:To clarify: Of course the ''concepts'' being patented are copyrighted, but I'm fairly certain the actual ''documents'' involved in applying for a patent are public ___domain, if that's what you were asking. (But IANA patent L.) So you should be able to copy patent ''documents'' to your heart's content; just not the concepts. [[User:Garrett Albright|Garrett Albright]] 17:38, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
::Why would the patent documents be public ___domain? Yes, they're public information in the sense that they're not secret, but I'm not at all sure they're not copyrighted... [[User:Shimgray|Shimgray]] | [[User talk:Shimgray|talk]] | 17:56, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
:::The official patents are published by the US Government, and therefore can't be copyrighted, correct? [[User:Brian Schlosser42|Brian Schlosser42]] 20:13, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
::::That's right. When you apply for a patent, the materials are made freely available and public ___domain (in regards to copyright.) – [[User:Quadell|Quadell]] <sup>([[User_talk:Quadell|talk]])</sup> 20:30, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
::::Doesn't ''automatically'' follow, though - the USG can't claim copyright on its original work, but it is legally able to hold copyrights originally claimed by others; the GPO is able to publish copyrighted works, for example.
::::That said, I checked with the USPTO - ''Patents are published into the public ___domain as part of the terms of granting the patent to the inventor. As such, they are not subject to copyright restrictions''. [http://www.uspto.gov/main/ccpubguide.htm]. Note it may still contain trademark images, so be careful when assuming freely-republishable. [Also, usual picky "well, he didn't ''say'' the US..." disclaimer ;-)] [[User:Shimgray|Shimgray]] | [[User talk:Shimgray|talk]] | 22:26, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
* It also depends on which country. That might apply in the US but not in other countries with different [[Copyright]] laws. For example, much material from the US Government is in the public ___domain but that does not necessarily apply elsewhere. I would check with the relevant patent authority unless you are interested in the US. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 08:54, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
== Psychology ==
What is the philosophical difference or approach difference between [[social psychology]] and [[clinical psychology]]? (Is there a web site or a reference that you can recommend with a chart or a simplified explanation showing situations and both the clinical and social psychologists response to that situation or question?)Thank you------Cathy
The professional duties of a clinical psychologist are to her patients. Her most common work is dealing with the mental health problems of individual people. Her success is usually largely dependent on her patients' satisfactions or outcomes.
The duties of a social psychologist are nearly always to her employer, whether it be a university, a commercial business, a government agency, or a large organization that deals with the public. Her most common work is to understand, or devise ways to change, the behavior of groups or categories of people. Her success is largely judged by whether her employer or academic peers find her reports or suggestions worthwhile or useful. She is unlikely to deal individually with people in a therapy capacity.
And here is a value-added freebie: A clinical [[social worker]] is a different animal from both of those. Her training is different, but her work more closely resembles that of a a clinical psychologist than a social psycholgist. [[User:Alteripse|alteripse]] 20:17, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
== Window types ==
Is there a such thing as "French" window? What are they?
Is there a name for floor-to-ceiling windows?
--[[User:213.186.190.39|213.186.190.39]] 16:54, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
*Yes, a French window (or [[French door]]) is a large window that reaches down to the floor and may also be used as a door. Why "French" I'm not sure. I don't know any special name for a floor-to-ceiling window. Maybe "picture window", but that's not necessarily floor-to-ceiling. --[[User:DrBob|Bob Mellish]] 17:00, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
:* [http://www.microsoft.com/france/windows/default.mspx French windows] ;) [[User:Ojw|Ojw]] 11:56, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
::*An [http://images.google.co.uk/images?q=%22french+windows%22&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&safe=off&start=20&sa=N image search] might help you, though not all the hits are valid. --[[User:Bodnotbod|bodnotbod]] 02:56, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
== Music ==
Looking for some information on [[Music]]? --[[User:Borbrav|Borbrav]] 03:22, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
:Does not compute... Need more parameters. =p [[User:Earth|__earth]] 14:20, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
== Philosophers who said that a God who intervenes in the world miraculously is not benevolent ==
I'm currently researching the idea that if God performs miracles in the world he is not considered benevolent. An idea shared by Wiles and Hume that I know of. Especially with infant deity argument.
This obviously links with the problem of evil and epistemic distance.
Arguments for and against from philosophers and perhaps personal opinions would be useful.
:Define benevolent, and define miracles?--[[User:Inkypaws|inks]][[User talk:Inkypaws|<sup>T<sup>]] 01:17, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
:The Judaeo-Christian concept of God. A miracle as an act of God such as creation or direct interevention such as healing a foot.
::The major argument for would be that if God does do miracles, then God can do miracles, and if he is benevolent, there is no reason why He can't do a whole lot more miracles. God would then either be arbitary (since it cannot be reasonably argued that people who recieve miracles are more deserving than those who don't), or actually cruel. God would, of course, also be rendered imperfect, because events in the world would be shown to be not part of His plan to such an extent that He needs to dabble and fix things.--[[User:Fangz|Fangz]] 01:01, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
* I would also suggest you look at our [[Miracle]] article which discusses the concept from various points of view. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 08:59, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
*and [[theodicy]].
Why not take as a supposition God giving man free will is evidence of benevolence. If God intervenes, that free will is taken away and God is not being benevolent.
:*Surely that depends on the manner of the intervention? If his intervention is in healing and offering greater wealth then he is increasing freedom and still benevolent. --[[User:Bodnotbod|bodnotbod]] 03:01, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
== Pronunciation of the artist Edgar Degas's name ==
A friend once told me that the correct pronunciation of Degas's name was Degas, with the final "s" being sounded, rather than "Degah". Never have I heard it pronounced thus. What do you think?--[[User:Nora Brown|Nora Brown]] 23:24, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
Click the audio link: [http://www.webster.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=Degas&x=15&y=13 Webster] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Lotsofissues lots of issues] | [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Lotsofissues&action=edit§ion=new leave me a message] 01:00, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
:Funny things over at MWD: the link led me straight to ''degas'' (that is gas removal), and only then to ''Degas''. However, as it used its own non-scientific pronunciation key the dictionary is a bit of a nonsense when it comes to pronunciations. However, the tradition of not pronouncing ''s'' at the end of a French word is not straighforward. There are many place names and personal names that retain the pronunciation of the final ''s''. Thus, I have a strong suspicion that the final letter of ''Degas'' is pronounced. However, most dictionaries say that this letter isn't pronounced. --[[User:Garzo|Gareth Hughes]] 13:44, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
:I've updated the [[Edgar Degas]] article with the IPA transcription of the what I believe to be the most appropriate pronunciation. This does not have the ''-s'' pronounced. I'll keep looking for sources on this one. --[[User:Garzo|Gareth Hughes]] 14:58, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
== Warfuse ==
I was at a local war museum the other day, taking pictures for the glory of Wikipedia with my trusty [[Cybershot|Cyber-shot]], when I saw this captured [[Germany|German]] artillery piece ([[:Image:Capturedgermanartillery.JPG]]), which I managed to identify as an [[M96nA]], from [[World War I]]. On the blue plaque affixed to the front, it says:
<center>
GERMAN 77mm GUN
Taken by 33rd Aust Battalion
at WARFUSE 8 Aug 1918
</center>
I googled "Warfuse", but could find nothing helpful in English. I scoured around Wikipedia, looking for something relevant about that date, [[August 8]], [[1918]]. That was the day that the [[Battle of Amiens]], which pitted a [[Canada|Canadian]]/[[Australia]]n force against the Germans, began. I've placed the image of the gun on the Amiens page, as it seems almost certain that that was when it was captured, but I'm curious: does anyone know anything about this Warfuse place? [[User:DO'Neil|DO']]'''[[User talk:DO'Neil|И]]'''[[User:DO'Neil|eil]] 06:59, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
:It's a poorly spelled version of ''Warfusée'', a village just outside of Amiens, now part of the municipality of [[:fr:Lamotte-Warfusée|Lamotte-Warfusée]], [[Communes of the Somme département|Somme]]. --[[User:Diderot|Diderot]] 08:29, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
::Ah, alright. I had suspected that "Warfuse" was perhaps a little village near Amiens somewhere, thanks for clearing this up. [[User:DO'Neil|—DO']]'''[[User talk:DO'Neil|И]]'''[[User:DO'Neil|eil]] 04:14, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
==What came first, Catholicism or Christianity? ==
--[[User:66.74.170.119|66.74.170.119]] 10:09, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
:They should have appeared at the same time -- [[Catholic]] basically means "lack of divisions", and was used by the early christians. The term [[Christian]] was coined by observers, rather than by the christians themselves, and would have been used at about the same time. If you're asking about [[Roman Catholic]], then [[History of the Roman Catholic Church]] mentions that it started [[313]]AD, when the Roman Empire (specicially, [[Emperor Constantine]]) adopted Christianity. [[User:Ojw|Ojw]] 11:35, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
There are different answers to your question from different perspectives. For example, the present Roman Catholic church claims to be the original and only valid Christian church. Their official doctrinal answer would be that Christianity and Roman Catholicism began together with the spread of the [[Gospel]] by the first [[Apostle]]s. From a non-Roman Catholic historical perspective and a broader definition of [[Christianity]] (all the churches who proclaim that Christ is the prinicipal historical connection between humanity and God) then you might argue that Roman Catholicism only came into being by defining itself against other groups who were also Christian. There were many different forms of Christianity in the first 3 centuries AD, some of which survived and many of which did not survive the push for hegemony by the orthodox church in the West. Finally, from a [[semantics|semantic]] perspective, you might note that no group calls itself catholic (as in universal) until it is not or has not been catholic. [[User:Alteripse|alteripse]] 12:14, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
:From memory, [[Ignatius of Antioch]] (who died sometime around the beginning of the [[2nd century]]) was the first person to use the term ''[[catholic]]''. By it he meant the worldwide church that held fast to a consensus of revealed doctrine (i.e. excluding [[heresy|heretics]]) and obedience to one's bishop. On the other hand, the Bibile itself tells us, in the [[Acts of the Apostles]] 11.26, that the followers of Jesus were first called ''[[Christian]]'' in [[Antioch]]. This suggests that this term is older. --[[User:Garzo|Gareth Hughes]] 19:25, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
::I take your question to mean, which came first, the belief in Jesus as the son of God, or the Roman Catholic Church. If this is what you meant, there were definitely many who believed Jesus was the son of God before the formation of the Roman Catholic Church, which happend a few centuries after the death of Christ. One could even argue that some believed in Christianity prior to the birth of Jesus, in that there were many who believed in a prophecy of His birth. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 20:53, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
== stereotype ==
can you explain more about stereotype?
:More than what's in our [[stereotype]] article? [[User:Dismas|Dismas]]|[[User talk:Dismas|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 14:39, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
::The question was answered back in 2002, by contributors to the [[stereotype]] article. Talk about efficiency! It's almost like they predicted your question. [[User:Ojw|Ojw]] 14:50, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
== Baseball ==
who invented baseball?
See [[Origins of baseball]]. —[[User:Mirv|Charles P.]][[User talk:Mirv| <small>(Mirv)</small>]] 18:37, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
== Name of Island ==
What is the name of the island between South Africa and Australia, where both English and French are spoken?
Thank you
Pattron
:Maybe you're thinking of the [[Seychelles]]. --[[User:Garzo|Gareth Hughes]] 20:24, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
::"Suzy and Cecil sell seashells and C-shells by the seashore in the Seychelles."
:::Or perhaps you're after [[Mauritius]]? [[User:DO'Neil|—DO']]'''[[User talk:DO'Neil|И]]'''[[User:DO'Neil|eil]] 04:17, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
:::: Well it could also be [[Réunion]], but all these islands are not between South Africa and Australia but further north between [[Mozambique]] and Australia. Don't forget about [[Madagascar]] which the population speaks French and a local [[Malagasy language]]--[[User:Jcw69|Jcw69]] 12:26, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
== democritus the mathematician and any link to democracy. ==
Sir maam I would like to know if there is any link between democritus the ancient greek mathematician that had a delemma with the atomic structure of a cone shape because he could not percieve atomic bonding other than in parralel planes hence instead of being smooth the cone would be stepped.Further to this he also believed that there was a hiarchy and that everything had its place and that there is no God.
Hence you can see the relevance of my question is democracy named after him.Because if it is it might explain the reference to the devils number and it being that of a man.Also the reference to wise men and numbers(mathamatics)in the bible.Hence democracy is in oposition to God,as was its namesake.
:I doubt if democracy is named after him, more likely both his name and democracy share the same root word. As for his argument on the cylinder, he was right, it is rough at the atomic level, not smooth. Of course, the surfaces of all shapes are relatively rough at the atomic level. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 21:26, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
:Democracy stems from the greek words δημος (demos), meaning ''The people'', and κρατειν (kratein), meaning ''to rule''. I.e. it means "The rule of the people". Also, I would personally like to say that I believe that democracy is very much formed in the same spirit as christianity. Democracy preaches that all men and women everywhere are equals, none should have more power than anyone else. This is certainly in the spirit of Christ, no? [[User:Gkhan|gkhan]] 00:07, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
::In relation to this, I believe the -crit- part of the name is from the Greek word κριτης (krites) meaning ''judge''. Thus Democritus is "judge of the people". [[User:Sam Korn|<nowiki>[[Sam Korn]]</nowiki>]] 14:21, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
:That's quite a strange logical path you're winding. You go from "Democritus had a mathematical question which made him think there was no God" (I have no idea if this is true or not), to "If democracy is named after him, then democracy must be in opposition to God". I'm not sure I follow you on that one. --[[User:Fastfission|Fastfission]] 14:51, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
== Regarding the last battle scene from the movie Cleopatra ==
I have two questions which I would appreciate guidance to other sources of information and/or a/some webpage(s) in Wikipedia on the following:
(1) Is the Roman general(?) "Ruffio" as called by Marc Antony (played by the late Richard Burton) a true figure in Ancient Roman history or a fictional character in the movie? If "Ruffio" was a real figure in history can you give more information on his life and military history/science especially in relation to the battle described below in (2)?
(2) Was the battle between Octavion's and Agrippa's 20 legions (as described in the movie) versus Antony's and Ruffio's 2 legions true [I surmise it took place near what is now Alexandria, Egypt] (in which Antony's and Ruffio's 2 legions desert them and in fact Ruffio is assasinated as depicted in the movie and no actual blood was shed (except Ruffio's)?) If this highly dramtic battle (in the movie) is historically true...can you give the name of this battle, when it occurred, and the military history/science of it (especially how soldiers from both sides were deployed before the fighting began). Thank you very much.
Sincerely,
a fan of chess and the film "Cleopatra" starring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton.
:The article on the [[battle of Actium]] doesn't answer all your questions, but may be of use to you. --[[User:Garzo|Gareth Hughes]] 03:05, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
:Our ''[[Cleopatra (film|Cleopatra]]'' article says the characters name was ''Rufio'' played by [[Martin Landau]]. According to ''Cleopatra: Ruling in the Shadow of Rome'' by Julian Morgan, Julius Caesar left an ex-slave by that name in charge of the legions in Egypt. A character by that name appeared in ''[[Caesar and Cleopatra]]'' by [[George Bernard Shaw]]. [[User:203.26.16.66|203.26.16.66]] 09:29, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
That was me. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 09:43, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
Most of what we know about [[Octavian]]'s final defeat of [[Mark Antony]] comes from the biography of the latter in [[Plutarch]]'s ''[[Parallel Lives]]'' (which may not be entirely reliable). See [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Antony*.html] for the Loeb translation. Note that Rufio does not appear in the ancient accounts, so perhaps his role was invented later (I note that he appears in [[George Bernard Shaw]]'s 1901 play ''[[Caesar and Cleopatra]]''; perhaps Shaw had noted the remark in [[Suetonius]] that [[Julius Caesar]] had given the command of his legions in [[Alexandria]] to the son of his freedman Rufinus). [[User talk:Gdr|Gdr]] 16:34, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
== Federalism vs Anti-Federalism ==
I am trying to study on my US History and not being quite up to date on this/ I am 48 years old trying to go to school I have a couple of questions.
1. Is a Federalists the same as or close to a Republican?
2. If your not a Federalist are you a Democrat?
Please if anyone can help me with this and explain it in simple terms then please let me know.
[[User:Childofyah|Childofyah]] 03:08, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
:No to both questions. While US politics has consistently split into two opposing parties (sometimes with a significant third party, as well), the issue over which the split occurs has changed over time. The original split was over whether we should have a strong central government and weak states or strong states and a weak central government. The strong central government side eventually won, then the issue moved on to pro- or anti-slavery. After the anti-slavery side won, the split became primarily economic, with Democrats on the side of the poor and Republicans on the side of the rich. A new dynamic seems to be emerging in recent years, with Republicans being on the side of a religious society and Democrats favoring secular values. It's too soon to tell if this is a permanent shift or just a temporary trend, however. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 03:45, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
::''Democrats on the side of the poor and Republicans on the side of the rich'' -- Careful! It would be more correct to say that the Dems are/were in favor of higher taxes and more social programs, whereas the Republicans are/were more for tax cutbacks and reduction of social programs -- though it hasn't been quite that simple, either. And the goals of political parties have fluctuated wildly over time, so just as you can't say Anti-Federalists == Democrats, you can't say Democrats ca 1870 == Democrats now; Dems today tend to be in favor of [[affirmative action]] programs that give benefits to minorities, yet during ''most'' of the civil rights struggle of the last two centuries, they were on the side of white hegemony.
::So I guess the simplest terms I could use would be this: If you try to collaborate the political parties of today with the political parties of yesterday, you'll drive yourself bonkers. [[User:Garrett Albright|Garrett Albright]] 08:24, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
:::I stand by my statement that Democrats have been primarily on the side of the poor and Republicans on the side of the rich, at least since FDR took office. Using your example, higher taxes supported by Democrats disproportionately affect the wealthy, even if there is a future flat rate tax, and even more so under the current progressive rate. Social programs disproportionately help the poor, at least that is their goal. There are some thoughts that many social programs may actually harm people, in the long run, by encouraging dependency, but that certainly was not the intent of those programs. Republican initiatives, like reducing business and environmental regulation, also disproportionately help business owners, who tend to be wealthier than the average American. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 16:27, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
:::I like to think of it that Democrats are more like social democrats (prefer some kind of welfare state) while neocons are free markeeters. [[User:Earth|__earth]] 05:52, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
::::Or, stated from the opposite POV, Democrats prefer a social safety net while Republicans believe in economic "survival of the fittest", which they take to mean themselves, the rich. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 14:42, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
:::::Ah, but that's assuming the simplistic fallacy that all Republicans are rich, which is just as clearly incorrect as saying all Democrats are poor. [[User:Garrett Albright|Garrett Albright]] 17:08, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
: Our [[United States Federalist Party]] explains the history of the Federalists who were led by [[John Adams]] and [[Alexander Hamilton]]. They were opposed by the [[Democratic-Republican Party (United States)]] led by [[Thomas Jefferson]] who were called the Republicans but who who were not modern-day Republicans. Indeed, they evolved into the modern day [[Democratic Party (United States)]] at the time of [[Andrew Jackson]]. The [[Republican Party (United States)]] evolved from the [[United States Whig Party]] and their first President was [[Abraham Lincoln]]. The above articles contain more information. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 09:54, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
== Law Codification ==
I would like to bring to your attention that under the section of Napoleonic Codes you have an error. Before this codification, another successful codificatoin was made in Malta under the Knights of St. John. The man who was responsible for this codification was later on also in charge of codifying the Napoleonic Code. If you would like any further information please contact me on <removed e-mail>
*We would be interested in finding out more. It may well have potential for an article or articles. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 10:16, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
**{{sofixit}} [[User:Dismas|Dismas]]|[[User talk:Dismas|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 14:33, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
== New Zealand legal ==
Can you provide information on the penalties for shop lifting, including diversion for a first time offender without previous convictions of any sort?
-- Miriam
*If you are in New Zealand, it would be better to contact your local Community Law Office, or Citizens Advice Bureau. [http://www.lsa.govt.nz/general/community.htm] and [http://www.cab.org.nz/] --[[User:Inkypaws|inks]][[User talk:Inkypaws|<sup>T<sup>]] 22:00, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
== nelson ==
when nelson was born
Do you mean [[Horatio Nelson]], British Admiral from Battle of Trafalgar? [[Nelson Mandela]], South African Politician? [[Nelson Muntz]], Simpsons Character (!)? There is a more complete list of Nelsons at [[Nelson]]. <nowiki></nowiki><font style="color:#00BB55"><u><b>s</b>murray</u><font style="color:#00AA77"><u>in</u><font style =""color:#00EE55"><u>chester</u><sup>([[User:Smurrayinchester|User]]), ([[User talk:Smurrayinchester|Talk]])</sup><font style="color:#000000"> 13:29, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
== Egypt ==
Explain why wood in egypt was so expensive. and tell me were you got the info from so send the link.
:[[Geography of Egypt|This link]] will tell you how much forest and woodland there is in Egypt. You should then be able to work out the rest of your homework question by yourself. [[User:Shantavira|Shantavira]] 18:25, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
== Middle Ages ==
What were the natural resources of Europe during the Middle Ages?
Jenna
Please do your own homework questions. Although, there was a lot of wood. <nowiki></nowiki><font style="color:#00BB55"><u><b>s</b>murray</u><font style="color:#00AA77"><u>in</u><font style =""color:#00EE55"><u>chester</u><sup>([[User:Smurrayinchester|User]]), ([[User talk:Smurrayinchester|Talk]])</sup><font style="color:#000000"> 20:22, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
: Can't you be locked up for suggesting "a lot of wood" to a schoolgirl? [[User:Majts|Majts]] 23:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
:No, but you can for making jokes like that. [[User:DJ Clayworth|DJ Clayworth]] 18:55, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
I Imagine the same as they have now only more. Their was also many wild animals such as bears and Wolfs.
== The Jewish Tabernacle ==
I am doing a special school project on making the Jewish tabernacle. I've looked everywhere on the internet and I'm still confused on the outer design on the tabernacle. It's supposed to be a cheribum (a winged angel) but I've got 2 different pictures with 2 different design neither in the deisgn of a cheribum or anything near it. Would you pleas help me by supplying an accurate design because I don't want to get a bad grade because of a pattern error...
The Student
:Is that the same as the Temple of David ? [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 01:57, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
Are you constructing it according to the instructions in [[Exodus]]? No one knows what a [[cherubim]] looked like, so you can't flunk unless your teacher is certain he knows and made a big deal out of telling you exactly why he knows. Most modern depictions use a conventional 19th century [[angel]] images, a "guy in a robe with wings". Here are google image searches for tabernacle [[http://images.google.com/images?svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&q=tabernacle&btnG=Search] or cherubim [http://images.google.com/images?svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&q=tabernacle&btnG=Search]. [[User:Alteripse|alteripse]] 11:41, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
guys, you are confusing [[tabernacle]] (the tent) with the [[Ark of the Covenant]] (the box with cherubim). Also "Jewish Tabernacle" is a bit of an anachronism. It should more properly be called "Hebrew Tabernacle". 17:05, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
How so? I know the difference and assumed he was referring to the one with detailed specs from exodus, and wanted pictures of cherubim so he could put the ark in the tabernacle. [[User:Alteripse|alteripse]] 17:43, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
== Vostok1 patch ==
I am wondering what the letters are on the side of the ball(space pod) in the patch. I believe it might be CCCp but am not sure. I need to know for a project I am doing.
--sarah
: Yep, you are correct, [[CCCP]] stands for Союз Советских Социалистических Республик which is [[USSR]] in [[Cyrillic]] [[User:Majts|Majts]] 23:23, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
== HELP! I need some information on Upton Sinclair..... ==
Hi! I need to find out what Upton Sinclair's height and weight were when he died. Do you happen to know where I can find this info??? I have searched and searched for this and cannot find it. If you find it, can you email me at [e-mail removed]??? Thanks!!!
== numismatist, what does it mean? ==
Someone who studies and/or collects (for other than value as money) coins and currency. See [[Numismatics]].
== Automatic ?drawing? ==
Can someone give me the name of the museum or a link to it's website in which I can find the Czechoslovakian, or Czech artwork of a cult from the mid to late 20th century where they used a '''trance like state to draw creatures from other worlds?''' phew. I know the cult was from Czechoslovakia and they denounced alcohol, tobacco, drugs, and even sex. If anyone could shine any light on this it would be great!! - Joe
== Concentration Camp No. 333 in Poland ==
My father was in subject concentration camp in 1943-44 as an Italian Army officer. In reading his memoirs I find that it was near a town called Beniaminswo or Beniaminsovo or Beniaminowo. His writing is very small and difficult to make out. I am trying to locate that concentration camp geographically by locating the town it was near. If anyone who knows Poland well can shed some light on this, I would appreciate it. george[[User:68.220.84.89|68.220.84.89]] 01:27, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
*Here is a [http://www.mapquest.com/maps/map.adp?formtype=address&searchtype=address&country=PL&addtohistory=&city=Beniaminow map] showing where Beniaminow is. Stalag 333 was located there. --[[User:Jpgordon|jpgordon]][[User talk:Jpgordon|∇∆∇∆]] 02:19, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
::Note that you need to zoom in one step to see the name of the town. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 02:30, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
::Stalag 333 was originally in Ostrow-Komorowo, Poland from 03/1942 to 09/1943 and was then moved to Beniaminow, Poland until it's closure in 01/1944, according to this site:
:::http://www.pegasus-one.org/pow/Stalag.htm
::[[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 02:36, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
:::This site has an interesting document, it's a postcard from there, apparently just to notify the family that Danilo Pasotto was a Prisoner of War at that site:
::::http://www.moosburg.org/info/stalag/post.html (index)
::::http://www.moosburg.org/info/stalag/bilder/st3331.jpg (front)
::::http://www.moosburg.org/info/stalag/bilder/st3332.jpg (back)
:::[[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 02:49, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
THANK YOU VERY MUCH - YOU HAVE MADE A HUGE DIFFERENCE. I MAY EVEN DECIDE TO TRAVEL THERE AND SEE IT FOR MYSELF - THANK YOU AGAIN
:You're welcome. However, you may very well find that the site is now a strip mall. Very few such sites have been preserved. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 14:52, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
== What is Hartz IV ==
[[Hartz_concept#Hartz_IV|Hartz IV]]. [[User:David Sneek|David Sneek]] 12:30, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
=== Social and Political Background ===
What does general socail and political back ground mean
What does general social and political Backgrounds.
:Is this a homework question? If so, for what grade level or age group? [[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 20:53, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
== Urban Anthropology ==
Hi
I am looking for information which will help me with an assignment i have to observe a community (Small for a short period of Time) i am looking for help to find good books and website any help apopreciated.
*What level of schooling is this an assignment for? Most of the handbooks on anthropological methodology are for the graduate or postgraduate level and won't make any sense to people who aren't already well-read in the field. Unfortunately, I don't know of any good web resources offhand for this sort of thing at the level you are probably looking for it (sounds like a good candidate for a [[Wikibook]], if someone wants to write one!). --[[User:Fastfission|Fastfission]] 03:21, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
== what is the schuman declaration? ==
We have an article on the [[Schuman Declaration]]. Does that help? [[User:KeithD|KeithD]] [[User_talk:KeithD|(talk)]] 16:44, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
== Sailors and Explorers ==
Name some explorers of the 15th century?
:We're not here to do your homework for you, but you could look at [[15th century]]. Also, remember that the 15th century covers the years 1401-1500, so don't get confused and look at dates of 15xx.-[[User:Gadfium|gadfium]] 20:31, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
*[[Christopher Columbus]] for a start. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 03:49, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
Henry the Navigator
John and Sebastian Cabot.
Vasco De Gamma
== North Korean motto ==
In the [[North Korea]] article, it used to say that the motto is "''One is sure to win if one believes in and depends upon the people (translation)''." I removed it because I couldn't find the original version, nor verify it. Even the editors in the Korean Wikipedia couldn't find the source nor the original. Can anyone verify this? Thanks. -- <font size = "1" face = "Verdana">[[User:Pmam21|pmam21]]<sup>''[[User talk:Pmam21|talk]]''</sup><sub>''[[User:Pmam21/articles|articles]]''</sub></font> 17:37, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
:For what it's worth, that sounds somewhat like someone trying to summarise the concept of ''[[juche]]'', which I suspect is where it came from. [[User:Shimgray|Shimgray]] | [[User talk:Shimgray|talk]] | 23:09, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
== turkish ==
what year did the turkish invade algeria ? :)
:,:| ? The [[Ottoman Empire]] gained control over [[Maghreb]] under [[Suleiman the Magnificent]]. --[[User:Diderot|Diderot]] 20:00, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
I myself am not sure but [[History of Ottoman Algeria]] might help. [[User:Earth|__earth]] 14:31, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
== Lunar Months in the Celtic Calender ==
In the Celtic lunar calendar each lunar month corresponds to a letter, which in turn corresponds to a tree. How do these designations correspond, (roughly), to our own twelve month year?
:Check [[Celtic calendar]]. There are a couple of good external links that may help you. [[User:Jossifresco|≈ jossi fresco ≈]] 19:56, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
[http://celt.net/Celtic/History/calendar.html]
{|
|-
| From Dec. 24
| [[Birch]]
|-
| 22 Jan -
| [[Rowan]]
|-
| 19 Feb -
| [[Ash]]
|-
| 19 Mar -
| [[Alder]]
|-
| 16 Apr -
| [[Willow]]
|-
| 14 May -
| [[Hawthorn]]
|-
| 11 Jun -
| [[Oak]]
|-
| 9 Jul -
| [[Holly]]
|-
| 6 Aug -
| [[Hazel]]
|-
| 3 Sep -
| [[Vine]]
|-
| 1 Oct -
| [[Ivy]]
|-
| 29 Oct -
| [[Reed]]
|-
| 26 Nov -
| [[Elder]]
|-
|}
== Can an Arab be a Jew or a Jew be an Arab? ==
The articles on [[Arab]] and [[Jew]] explain some of the different definitions. These different definitions mean that no clear and definite answer can be given to the question. However, of particular note are the [[Mizrahi]] and [[Sephardi]] who are Arabic-speaking Jews. [[User:KeithD|KeithD]] [[User_talk:KeithD|(talk)]] 20:50, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
: (written before edit conflict) One can be of Arab descent and be a follower of [[Judaism]], sure. I guess if your father is of Arab descent and your mother is Jewish, you'd be an Arabic Jew. You can also be a Jew for Jesus. Or a Arabic Christian. The thing is, Judaism is a religion and the Jews are an ethnic group, whereas Arabs are an ethnic group, but not a religion. Does that make sense? [[User:Brian Schlosser42|Brian Schlosser42]] 20:54, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
::Both Arabs & Jews (ethnically) are semitic peoples too (semitic race, don't know the right terinology). [[User:AllanHainey|AllanHainey]] 07:04, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
:It depends very much by what meaning is intended by the words "[[Arab]]" and "[[Jew]]". Broad social categories of this type entail non-trivial ambiguities, which are to some extent covered in Wikipedia articles. "Arab", taken as a question of national citizenship in a formally or informally Arab state, means that just as there are French Jews and American Jews, there can also be Arab Jews. Although the number of people this defintion can cover has been fairly small since the expulsions and immigrations following 1948, it is non-zero.
:"Arab" seen as an ethnicity is more difficult. "French" and "American" are not viewed as ethnic labels by all of the people they apply to, so some Jews and non-Jews do not view being a French Jew as implying being ethnically French, while the notion of anyone being ethnically American is fairly strongly discouraged in modern America. Opinions vary, both among Jews and non-Jews, about the applicability of various ethnic labels to Jews. However, language preference is often used as a surrogate for ethnic identity among Arabs. By this criterion, many Jews would qualify as Arabs, since there is a large Arabic-speaking Jewish population, But it is probable that few Arabic-speaking Jews would choose to identify themselves in this manner, and no doubt many Arabs would reject such an identification as well in the current political climate.
:Judaism seen as a religious quality, however, poses an entirely different set of boundary issues. Yes, people who identify themselves as ethically, linguistically or nationally as Arab can convert to Judaism. I do not know how many such people exist but I presume the number to be larger than zero. Also, given the current political conditions, I do not know if such people would identify themselves as Arabs, or if they would prefer to see the adoption of Judaism as a larger change of identity. I expect different people see things in different ways.
:Ultimately, I suspect that not too many people would identify themselves as "Arab Jews" and that current conditions would discourage most of those to whom one or more of the above definitions might apply from doing so. But, it is not logically incoherent under any of the usual definitions of "Arab" or "Jew" to be an "Arab Jew". However, it is highly ambiguous in isolation exactly what such an identity might entail. --[[User:Diderot|Diderot]] 08:04, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
== [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] ==
A ''bay'' can be the [[bay (color)|colour of a horse]], a [[bay leaf|herb]], a [[headlands and bays|gulf of water]], a [[Bay, Somalia|region of Somalia]] or [[Chancellor Bay|a high official of the Egyptian 19th Dynasty]]. A [[colony]] might mean the settling of new land, but often requires the forceable removable of that land's previous inhabitants (if you do not believe in [[alien]]s, try [[space colonization]]). Otherwise, lots of animals, insects and assorted organisms live in [[colony (biology)|colonies]]. [[Colony (album)|Colony]] also happens to be a cracking good album of [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[melodic death metal]]. As for ''masachusits'', I've never heard of it. It may be that I'm spelling it wrongly, but it sounds like an [[Indian languages|Indian]] name, perhaps introduced into the [[English language]] during the [[Raj]]. Enjoy! --[[User:Garzo|Gareth Hughes]] 23:19, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
== the grachus reforms ==
what were the grachus reforms of rome?--[[User:66.213.25.12|66.213.25.12]] 22:42, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
:See [[Tiberius Gracchus]], and note that there are two ''c''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s in the name. --[[User:Garzo|Gareth Hughes]] 22:57, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
== friends of the mansion ==
== What are the steps in the Unites States Election process? ==
What are the steps in the Unites States Election Process?
:The [[Lindy Basic|steps]] are outlined in the articles on [[U.S. presidential election]] ad [[midterm elections]]. --[[User:Garzo|Gareth Hughes]] 23:26, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
::Then you can hop from them to [[Elections in the United States]]. --[[User:Garzo|Gareth Hughes]] 23:29, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
== William Penn and treaties with Indians ==
I am looking for the text of any treaty with the Indians written by William Penn. Is there the exact wording somewhere? It is said Penn's treaties were the only ones never broken with Native Americans (in his lifetime. Thanks!
== Ark of the Covenant ==
*See [[Ark of the Covenant]]. Or, alternatively, ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''. --[[User:Fastfission|Fastfission]] 03:36, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
:* Or [[The Ark (Halo)]] ;) [[User:Ojw|Ojw]] 20:58, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
== Earthquake of [[1822]] in Chile ==
Was there really a gigantic earthquake in [[Chile]], as the [[1822]] article says? I searched the web, but couldn't find it, apart from copies of that same article and some typos. [[User:Common Man|Common Man]] 03:38, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
* This article claims [http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Earthscience/Geology/Earthquakes/BriefHistory/BriefHistory.htm]:
"As communication between various parts of the world became more common, earthquake observations from throughout the world could be combined. Following an earthquake in Chile in 1822, the author [[Maria Graham]] reported systematic changes in the elevation of the Chilean coastline. Observations of coastline changes were confirmed following the 1835 Chilean earthquake by [[Robert FitzRoy]], captain of the H.M.S. Beagle, while [[Charles Darwin]] was onshore examining the geology of the Andes." [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 03:59, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
Thank you! Maybe that should be in its own article? Now I The area of 100000 square miles of new land added seems very big, though - I wouldn't feel comfortable putting that in an article without a proper source. [[User:Common Man|Common Man]] 04:19, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
It would certainly be worthwhile having an article. Although I am not an expert on geology, 100,000 square miles in new land seems a bit excessive to me. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 05:11, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
* This [http://www.delanoye.org/primary/CaptPaulDelano.cfm source] states ''"on November 19, 1822, a three-minute major earthquake and the resulting three consecutive 12-foot tsunamis devastated the port of Valparaiso's main buildings, destroying most of the churches and seven hundred homes."'' I agree that the 100000 sq miles claim is more than dubious. That's a third of the land area of Chile and that sort of land movement would have surely caused a [[Megatsunami]] [[User:Majts|Majts]] 05:19, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
* Thanks - I deleted that claim, referring to this discussion. [[User:Common Man|Common Man]] 05:49, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
== Tips on drawing familiar human faces ==
What sort of tips you guys would give me to draw a human face in a way it resembles a familiar one? What are the major features people usually notice? I've seen people draw a few lines and ta-dah, it's a caricature of you or someone you know. I studied tons of these but couldn't find what sort of aspects they capture. I could think of shape of head, position of eyes, nose and lips, but it's hardly been useful for me.
Anyone experienced in drawing human faces could give me a few hints? I'm sick of sucking at drawing faces and practicing is not really the problem. I just came to that moment I realized I need some formal knowledge on the subject to go to the next level. I looked up for face drawing tutorials but they're too... Well, not specific on this subject, so not very helpful. :/ ☢ [[User:Kieff|Kieff]] | [[User_talk:Kieff|Talk]] 05:06, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
: As you've already identified, proportion and placement of the facial features is very important in creating a recognisable specific face. There are lots of little cues we use to identify faces, but these are among the most important. If you are new to drawing faces, I would strongly recommend you to use guidelines if you aren't already. All too often new artists think that using guidelines to draw is somehow cheating, or something that 'real artists' don't do. In truth, they're vital for establishing positioning and proportion of features. Any basic drawing tutorial should be able to tell you how to set out guidelines for head and face construction.
:Also, on a practical level of finding out where you're going wrong, here's a few ideas:
:Get a photograph of your subject, and without studying the photograph, draw their face. Once you're done, compare your drawing to the photograph and try and identify point-by-point where they differ - have you drawn the head too round? the lips too small? etc.
:Try tracing over a photograph of your subject loosely to get an idea of shape and proportion for the features. Trace some other subjects too and examine how they differ from each other - what makes each one recognisably unique?
:Also learning to draw facial expressions will help in identifying the difference ways in which the same face can vary in appearance.
:Caricature exaggerates the defining features of a person, so it can be a very good way to learn to pick out such features.
:Most of all though, practice. You'll get there in the end. And don't worry about those 'masterpiece in one stroke' artists - they had to start at the start too. :) [[User:Noodhoog|Noodhoog]] 15:00, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
:I'm no artist, but I think it's important to distinguish doing a ''realistic'' picture of a person's face and doing a ''caricature''. A caricature is not realistic; it exaggerates to provide a direct linkage to recogition. So, you need to be very sure you know which you are aiming for. Now, while they are different, I think it would be possibly instructive to try and do ''both'', maybe side by side for the same original. As you do it, I think you would learn something in each process that teaches you more about the opposite process. If you are struggling to do semi-realistic caricature, maybe it's worth trying to do really wild ones to work on invididual traits. Hope this helps. [[User:Notinasnaid|Notinasnaid]] 19:10, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
== what is a bothey ==
A misspelling of [[bothy]]. [[User:KeithD|KeithD]] [[User_talk:KeithD|(talk)]] 10:01, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
== Why were Nazis a 'socialist workers party'? ==
I know the National Socialists were rabidly anti-marxist, anti-communist, anti-bosheiveik, etc. Additionally, I know they were against class warfare and instead all about uniting all classes behind nationalism. So, without getting into the minefield of whether 'nazism' is a type of 'socialism'-- assuming for the moment that it is not, can someone answer this: Why did the Nazi party, which was so anti-marxism, choose a name which, to the modern ear at least, sounds so marxist/communist/socialist? In the name "National Socialist German Workers Party", sure National and German make perfect sense, but where did Socialist Workers come from? To use an analogy, it's almost as if the Ku Klux Klan were to spontaneously name themselves the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Is this confusion merely a product of 'mistranslation' from german to english or from 1920s to 2005? Would a 1920s german citizen, upon hearing the name NSDAP for the very first time, assume it was a marxist party, only later finding out otherwise? Or did words like Socialist and Worker only later become synonmous with marxism. Alternatively, if the party name was indeed confusing to germans, why did the nazis choose such a name for their party? [[User:Alecmconroy|Alecmconroy]] 11:00, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
:The articles on [[National Socialist German Workers Party]] and [[Austrian National Socialism]] explain the origins of the name and the parties. This paragraph from the article on [[Nazism]] probably sums it up best of all:
:"It is important to note that the Nazi Party's conception of international economics was very limited. As the National Socialist in the name NSDAP suggests, the party's primary motivation was to incorporate previously international resources into the Reich by force, rather than by trade (compare to the international socialism as practiced by the Soviet Union and the COMECON trade organization). This made international economic theory a supporting factor in the political ideology rather than a core plank of the platform as it is in most modern political parties." [[User:KeithD|KeithD]] [[User_talk:KeithD|(talk)]] 11:23, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
::The ''[[Communist Manifesto]]'' discusses and dismisses various forms of [[socialism]], not all of which are purely left-wing. In fact, the Nazi policy of a large, centralised government, and the emphasis on society (the state) above the individual was in many ways quite socialist. Also, remember that the Nazis were not primarily drawn from the traditional ruling class (which was perceived to have failed), and could have been seen as movement of and for the ''workers'' in the political atmosphere at the end of the [[First World War]]. --[[User:Garzo|Gareth Hughes]] 12:12, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
:Please do excuse me for not replying entirely on-topic, but you may be interested in controversial [[Germany|German]] [[historian]] [[Götz Aly]]'s new theory: Hitler was perhaps, quite ironically, a socialist. Cf. [http://www.histoire.presse.fr/lire.asp?Sku=302&Titre=Hitler+%E9tait%2Dil+socialiste+%3F+] if you can handle [[French language|French]], or [http://service.spiegel.de/cache/international/0,1518,347726,00.html this review] of the book — titled ''Hitlers Volksstaat'' (''Hitler's People's State'') — in which the theory is put forward. [[User:GrumpyTroll|'''Grumpy Troll''']] [[User_talk:GrumpyTroll|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 15:22, 11 October 2005 (UTC).
All this is correct, but the short answer is that Hitler and his henchmen took over a weak party which if I remember correctly he had been sent to spy on for the Wiemar government.
:I think you will find it was a rogue unit of the German Army (see [[Adolf_Hitler#Early_Nazi_Party]]) operating more or less independently of the Weimar Government (which was at that time the [[Weimar Coalition]] of Social Democrats, Liberals and Catholics) which Hitler was working for. The name was only changed to National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) after Hitler joined. When he joined it was the [[German Workers' Party]] (DAP) - so he didn't inherit the name, he was one of the people who changed it to NSDAP.
:You might also consider the influence of [[Oswald Spengler]] on Nazism, particularly his 1920 book Preußentum und Sozialismus (Prussia and Socialism) which proposed a synthesis of nationalist and socialist ideas. The more 'socialist' of the leading early Nazis (e.g. [[Ernst Röhm]]) were largely disposed of in the [[Night of the Long Knives]] leaving Hitler able to cosy up to the military, industrialists and haute bourgeoisie. [[User:Valiantis|Valiantis]] 23:11, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
== enterprenuership ==
what is the difference between a job and work?--[[User:217.113.72.39|217.113.72.39]] 11:45, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
:[[mechanical work|Work]] can be defined as ''the integral of dot product of force times infinitesimal translation''. However, in the context you intend, "I'm going to work" and "I'm going to my job" are interchangeable. Note that work can also be a [[verb]]; "I've got to work at my job" means much the same thing. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 13:13, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
Also, a job generally implies that you are getting paid. Slaves definitely did work but few would agree that they had a "job" and very few people call Volunteer work or work done on their own home a "job". -[[User:Drdisque|Drdisque]] 14:58, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
== Health Care and Canada ==
I'm doing a paper on the canadian health care, privatization-Why or Why not. do you have any articles that would be helpful to understand the issue. I'm answering the question from the point, not to privatize, because of the social/economic ramifications that whould affed the low income canadians who would not be able to affort privite health care costs.
thank you
Annette
cannette@ca.inter.net
:You could start out at [[Health care in Canada]] and go from there... [[User:Dismas|Dismas]]|[[User talk:Dismas|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 13:28, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
::A comparison with [[Health care in the United States]], which is privatized, might also be beneficial. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 00:01, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
:::We also have [[Canadian and American health care systems compared]]. - [[User:SimonP|SimonP]] 20:41, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
== Presidents of The United States of America ==
To Whom It May Concern,
Firstly, let me congratulate you on this fantastic service. I only discovered it a couple of weeks ago, and already it is one of my favourite websites! A marvellous resource.
Secondly, my question: In your biography of George Walker Bush, unless I'm misreading it you say that he is the second son of a previous president to take office himself. If I am correct in this interpretation, can you tell me who were the first father and son double act?
Many thanks, keep up the good work.
:[[John Adams]] and his son [[John Quincy Adams]] the second and sixth presidents. [[User:Brian Schlosser42|Brian Schlosser42]] 14:03, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
Thank you, Brian!
== JAPAN EVOLUTION ==
looking for info on expansions of imperialistic expansion.
During 1894-1910
:[[Meiji Restoration]]? [[User:Earth|__earth]] 14:12, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
== A survey of societies and cultures in Africa south of the sahara. ==
Africa claims to be the pace setter in development but it is still one of the most deprived continents.Discuss.
:The top of this page says '''Do your own homework'''. Discuss. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 16:02, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
== MLB Player Arrest s since 1990 ==
Where can I find a list of all Major League Baseball players who have been arrested since 1990?
== John Forbes Nash Jr. ==
I would like to know the actual residence place and actual age of the famous mathematician.
:As the [[John Forbes Nash]] article says, he currently holds an appointment in mathematics at [[Princeton]], and so he presumably either lives there or nearby. It also says he was born 13 June 1928. [[User:KeithD|KeithD]] [[User_talk:KeithD|(talk)]] 16:32, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
== Looking for print from a public ___domain image in an article ==
Hello,
I am looking for a high resolution file or print of the image found in this article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Godunov_map.jpg
Where can I find this?
Steve
[[User:SRHookEm|SRHookEm]] 18:26, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
*Your best best is to ask [[User:Ghirlandajo|Ghirlandajo]], the user who uploaded it, on his [[User talk:Ghirlandajo|talk page]]. - [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm]]|[[User talk:MacGyverMagic|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 21:58, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
== Spain´s position on drug trafficking ==
I would like to know more about drug problems in Spain and its political position on this issue. Thank you in advance
---Cornelia Habekost---
:The [[The World Factbook|CIA world factbook]] is always good for that sort of thing, as they take a perverse interest in illegal (to them) drugs.
:The [[Spain]] page [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/sp.html] says "''key European gateway country and consumer for Latin American cocaine and North African [[hashish]] entering the European market; destination and minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian [[heroin]]; [[money laundering]] site for European earnings of Colombian narcotics [[trafficking]] organizations''". [[User:Ojw|Ojw]] 20:53, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
:That doesn't, of course, mean that the Spanish government approves of any of those activities! -- [[User:Arwel Parry|Arwel]] 21:44, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
== how did people think about religion in the 1850's ==
: (Reply) Which people, where in the world? [[User:Notinasnaid|Notinasnaid]] 19:04, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
You may want to check [[Reformation]] though the period is about 400 years earlier. If this doesn't help, I'm sorry. Like Notinasnaid, needs more info. [[User:Earth|__earth]] 05:46, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
* 1850 might be a bit late for the Reformation. As Notinasnaid noted, it would be useful to specify which people you are referring to. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 05:55, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
== why lady of justice is a female ==
The personification of justice comes from the figure of the Roman goddess Justitia, who, in turn, derives some qualities from her Greek counterpart, [[Themis]]. The modern personification is often depicted blindfolded, to suggest that she is impartial (she sees no favouritism), and usually carries a balance in her hand. --[[User:Garzo|Gareth Hughes]] 19:36, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
== how where romans entertained ==
Do you mean how were Romans' entertained? By going to the movies of course : see [[Ben Hur]] and [[Gladiator]]. Also see the article on [[Roman_eating_and_drinking]] [[User:Majts|Majts]] 19:39, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
*Also, [[Culture of Ancient Rome]] will keep you busy. However, today, Romans tend to go to a football match, watch television and eat well. --[[User:Garzo|Gareth Hughes]] 19:43, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
:*The short answer is that Romans were entertained with ''[http://www.capitolium.org/eng/imperatori/circenses.htm panem et circenses]'' — literally "bread and circuses". [[User:GrumpyTroll|'''Grumpy Troll''']] [[User_talk:GrumpyTroll|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 19:56, 11 October 2005 (UTC).
::*I hear [[orgies]] were pretty entertaining. [[Caligula (film)|Caligula]] was a particular indulger. --[[User:Ballchef|Ballchef]] 05:58, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
:::*And a recent edition of ''[[QI]]'' revealed that there's no evidence that they watched [[Christian]]s being fed to [[lion]]s, which has rather put the dampeners on my campaign to revive the practice. --[[User:Bodnotbod|bodnotbod]] 03:45, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
== romans ==
Why did the romans build hadrians wall ?
:Read [[Hadrian's Wall]]. However, the wall wasn't built, as is popularly thought, to keep the [[Picts]] out, but to control trade and traffic throughout the region either side of the wall. --[[User:Garzo|Gareth Hughes]] 19:39, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
== Game: Rabbit-Lion (also known as Angel-Devil?) ==
I am trying to find information about this group game. (I have already searched through the article [[game]] and related categories.) Here is how the game works:
It is usually played outdoors (or in an area with lots of space). It requires a bare-minimum of three players, and there is no maximum. First each person picks (without telling anyone) two other people - one who is thier 'Lion' or 'Devil' (the person they have to stay away from) and one who is their 'Rabbit' or 'Angel' (the person who protects them). Then, once everyone has selected a Devil and an Angel, the game starts, and everyone begins moving around, each person trying to keep their Angel in between them and their Devil. Sometimes the game stabilizes quickly (everyone stops moving, everyone is protected) and sometimes it never stabilizes. After everyone stops or everyone is just too tired to keep moving, each person goes around an says who is their Devil and who is their Angel.
Questions:
Anyone know if there is already a wikipedia article about this game? If not, what other names is this game called? What category does it fit into on the article [[game]]? Thank you, [[User:128.208.191.208|128.208.191.208]] 20:27, 11 October 2005 (UTC).
*I would add it under [[playground game]] but I haven't heard of it before. --[[User:Bodnotbod|bodnotbod]] 03:50, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
== [[User:AlMac]] asks about [[Supreme Court of the United States]] ==
I became curious what is different about the [[Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court]] (who is now [[John Roberts]]) vs. the eight [[Associate Justices]].
I assume if they have any internal disputes, the Chief Justice is the chief arbiter.
A lot of what I am finding, seems to me to be no big deal, such as
* The Chief Justice is paid a little more and has some extra administrative duties.
* Each Justice has one vote, but the Chief Justice assigns who gets to write up the results of each vote, when the Chief is in the majority.
* quote: ''Each Justice on the Supreme Court is assigned to at least one of the United States' thirteen [[judicial circuits]]. The Chief Justice is usually allotted to the District of Columbia Circuit, the Federal Circuit and the Fourth Circuit; each Associate Justice is allotted to one or two judicial circuits.'' unquote.
* Serves as the head of several government institutions, both judicial and like the [[Smithsonian Institution]].
* Often administers [[oath of office]] for the [[inauguration]] of the President, although this can be done by other people.
* When the justices are in conference, and someone knocks on the door, the most junior Associate Judge must answer it.
while some other stuff is extremely important, in my opinion
* Appoints members of the [[United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance]] (FISA) secret court.
* Presides at the [[Senate]] when it tries an impeachment of the [[President of the United States]] or the [[Vice President]] when [[Acting President]]
Do I have a good picture of the differences, and what is special about the Chief Justice?
Some of the articles on this seem to be a bit of a [[stub]].
[[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 21:34, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
He's [[Chief Justice of the United States]], not Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Is there anything left out of that article? - [[User:Nunh-huh|Nunh-huh]] 22:21, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
== Ireland ==
I would like to ask you about the tipical dress in Ireland--~~
:I hear in Ireland they like to go round naked on frosty winter mornings... Seriously, modern Irish people dress pretty much like other people living in developed countries; any differences are likely to be relatively subtle. --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 00:59, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
:They are more likely to wear raincoats than, say, Nevada. [[User:DJ Clayworth|DJ Clayworth]] 18:42, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
== music ==
What is a block chord--[[User:Helen harty|Helen harty]] 02:11, 12 October 2005 (UTC)Helen harty
*See [[Block chord]]. --[[User:Jpgordon|jpgordon]][[User talk:Jpgordon|∇∆∇∆]] 04:15, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
== Sociology ==
Hey there, I'm doing a report for my sister. What are the critisms and weaknesses of marxism and functionalism?
:Interesting form of home schooling? Well, as it says at the top of the page, we don't do peoples [[homework]] for them. But you might want to start your research at [[Marxism]] and [[Functionalism]]. [[User:Dismas|Dismas]]|[[User talk:Dismas|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 04:21, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
::It says "Do your own homework". Nothing about doing someone elses...--[[User:Commander Keane|Commander Keane]] 14:44, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
== Who is Esamun ==
Someone please help, I have been searching for days. I have an Art History assignment due, and one of the questions is: How is Esamun associated with art history, history or archeology. I can't find anything on this guy. Could someone please help me. Who is he, or where do I find information on him.
Thank You
I suspect you have the name wrong. Have you actually seen Esamun in print from your teacher? [[User:Alteripse|alteripse]] 05:10, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
:[http://www.ashmolean.museum/gri/s19.pdf This bibliography] from the [[Griffith Institute]] mentions an Esamun, "Prophet of Montu lord of Thebes, Member of the phyle of the temple of Re-Harakhti"—does that seem right? Has your course covered Egyptian art at all? —[[User:Mirv|Charles P.]][[User talk:Mirv| <small>(Mirv)</small>]] 05:17, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
::or [[Heinrich Schliemann|Schliemann, Heinrich]]? - [[User:Nunh-huh|Nunh-huh]] 05:27, 12 October 2005 (UTC) (from the Department of Loose Associations Department).
== Pronunciation of Monet's famous French village ==
Have searched dictionaries and been unable to find any indications of the pronunciation of the famous French village where Monet's home and gardens are located. Have heard mostly - Ghee'-ver-nee" - but - Ghi-vair"-nee - seems a likely possibility, as pronunciation for Giverny. What say you? [[User:205.188.116.14|205.188.116.14]] 05:23, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
:Try ''zhee-vair-nee'', where ''"zh"'' is the sound of the "s" in "plea''s''ure". It's a good approximation of the French pronunciation. --[[User:Diderot|Diderot]] 06:30, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
::Do note however, that in the [[French language]], the letter ''r'' is pronounced — how could one put it? — more gutturally than in English, so to say (much like in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]). (Should you understand [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]], I am sure someone knowledgeable in the subject, such as [[User:Angr|Angr]], will be able to formally indicate how it is pronounced.) [[User:GrumpyTroll|'''Grumpy Troll''']] [[User_talk:GrumpyTroll|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 10:42, 12 October 2005 (UTC).
:::I've just added the IPA pronunciation to the [[Giverny]] article. I hope the Parisian ''r'' is acceptable. --[[User:Garzo|Gareth Hughes]] 10:48, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
::::It is if you're Parisian. My dialect is a bit more uvular and trilled - more guttural than the Parisian velar "r". ''Orrr you coeude prrronounce eet lahke an ol' ''prêtre'' frrrome ''[[Gaspé]]''...'' Wikipedia should probably endeavor to show IPA for the more standard dialects where feasible, but the question ''"How do I pronounce this weird foreign word?"'' usually implies ''"How do I pronounce it when I don't know that language and don't want to sound like some hick idiot?"'' --[[User:Diderot|Diderot]] 11:51, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
== american citizenship quiz ==
1.What ist the title of the person who is 3rd in line in the succession of the presidents?
2.Who was the only president never elected to the position?
How many terms can a Senator serve?
How long is a Senator's term?
*
(1) Our [[Order of succession]] article states that the [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives]] is third in line.
(2) [[Gerald Ford]].
(3) Our [[United States Senate]] article states that Senators can serve until they resign, die or are defeated in while running reelection. Some Senators such as [[Strom Thurmond]] have served for a very long time.
(4) Six years.
[[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 06:06, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
:Well, if this is going to be about citizenship quizzes, here's a few questions I think ought to be answerable from Wikipedia, but I don't think they can be:
:#The [[United States]] is currently in a [[State of Emergency]] declared by the President, and has been continuously for over 50 years. What executive findings are the source of currently active states of emergency, and which piece of legislation authorises the President to issue those findings? (I only know the answer to the second half of the question.)
:#Native Americans were not automatically considered citizens of the United States until the [[1920s]], and were previously barred from becoming naturalised Americans through ordinary immigration processes. Was this extension of citizenship the result of a specific act of Congress or an application of the [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|14th amendment]]? Does this decision empower the US government to unilaterally reevaluate treaties made with aboriginal nations?
:#The children of US citizens born abroad are usually considered Americans by birth and do not need to be naturalised in order to enjoy a [[right of abode]] on US territory. There is one broad class of exception. Under what conditions must the naturally born children of US citizens be naturalised in order to become US citizens?
:#Do the state courts have the power to enforce and interpret international treaties signed by the federal government (which is alone empowered to negotiate with foreign powers)? Treaties which are ratified by the federal Congress have the status of US federal law and are binding on US states in as much as those treaties involve powers assigned to the federal government in the Constitution. However, there is a US state whose constitution and state supreme court have interpreted a particular international treaty as having stricter terms than the federal government's interpretation. Which state and treaty is it? (Hint: it has to do with [[official languages]].)
:After years of hearing Americans gripe about how few natural US citizens can pass the citizenship test, I thought I might come up with a few other questions touching on basic issues of authority and status under US law. This ought to be a mite more interesting. I should note for the record that I am not myself a US citizen, although I lived in the US for 17 years and am married to an American. --[[User:Diderot|Diderot]] 07:46, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
== Government entities making donations? ==
The Town of Velma is a government entity, therefore they cannot donate property and must sell to the highest bidder
The above is the answer to a question asked the Town of Velma. I assume it is in Oklahoma since that is what the Ebay description. I don't believe it cannot donate property to a individual or organization since they the ability to recieve property as a donnation?
I don't mind the word no but being mislead or lied to as being law is grounds for a suit or call to the ACLU? Or?
*For the eBay item in question, see [http://cgi.ebay.com/ebaymotors/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&ru=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebay.com%3A80%2F%2Fsearch%2Fsearch.dll%3Ffrom%3DR40%26satitle%3D4580220300%26fvi%3D1&item=4580220300 this link]. [[User:JIP|— <font color="#CC0000">J</font><font color="#00CC00">I</font><font color="#0000CC">P</font>]] | [[User talk:JIP|Talk]] 07:35, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
: It would not be surprising for a government to work under a policy, or law, requiring them to follow strict procedures when procuring or disposing of property, such as an open and competitive bidding process and the need to deal with the lowest-bidding vendor and highest-bidding buyer. Such laws are usually put into place to prevent cronyism, guard against corruption and generally safeguard the use of taxpayer money. In fact, such laws may be the ''result'' of lawsuits or complaints, so I doubt you'll have much success in suing them, but of course only a lawyer could tell you for sure. I'm guessing that perhaps you are representing a charitable organization that feels it would be a worthy recipient of this ambulance as a donation. If so, you might contact a local [[service organization]] to see if they would buy it and give it to you. [[User:Sharkford|Sharkford]] 18:29, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
== how many muslims are there in the world ==
<small>(''preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment by'' {{user|202.84.232.75}} 08:28, 12 October 2005)</small>
:Somewhere in the neighborhood of one billion (1,000,000,000). Estimates vary; see [[Demographics of Islam]] for the CIA's numbers and [[Islam#The demographics of Islam today]] for some others. —[[User:Mirv|Charles P.]][[User talk:Mirv| <small>(Mirv)</small>]] 08:40, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
== Enquiry ==
Is it all right to say that Indian exist as a nation only after British has created it?
shuhui
:[[British India]] started way back in the 18th century, courtesy of [[British East India Company]] [[User:Earth|__earth]] 13:03, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
::India in its present form existed only from 1947 when Britain left & India, Pakistan & Bangladesh became countries in their own right. Before that there was the [[British Raj]] and before that the [[Mughal Empire]] were the political powers in the Indian sub-continent. [[User:AllanHainey|AllanHainey]] 13:50, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
:::More correctly, of course, India and Pakistan became countries in their own right in 1947. Bangladesh only came into existence in December 1970 when it broke away from Pakistan. -- [[User:Arwel Parry|Arwel]] 22:05, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
::::Don't forget the [[Chola]]! So, really, it's hard to say when India started. I would say that modern India started with [[British India]]. Is that appropiate? [[User:Earth|__earth]] 09:31, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
== Pom Pom sock ==
Two questions here really. First to make sure im talking about the right thing Pom Pom sock is a sock the has a little ball attached to the rear where it would meet your ankle. SO the first question is that what a pom pom sock is. and the second question is what is the little pom pom for?
: Yes, and for decoration. — [[Image:Ontario trillium sig.png|15px]][[User:mendel|mendel]] [[User_talk:Mendel|☎]] 17:58, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
:: Decorative though it may be, it keeps the sock from falling into your shoe, which short socks are otherwise prone to do. [[User:Sharkford|Sharkford]] 18:11, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
== Earl Warren ==
I would like to know why Earl Warren was selected to become Chief Justice. What was his background? Who appointed him?
:[[Earl Warren|The article about him]] will answer your last two questions. As for ''why'' Eisenhower appointed him, [http://www.eisenhowermemorial.org/presidential-papers/first-term/documents/460.cfm this letter] may shed some light. —[[User:Mirv|Charles P.]][[User talk:Mirv| <small>(Mirv)</small>]] 12:00, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
== Quakers and Japanese Internment ==
I would like to know what role Quakers played in the issue of Japanese Internment. How did they oppose this? What specific things did they do during this period to help the situation?
== Ratification of the Bretton Woods Agreement Act ==
What is the date of the US Congress' ratification of the 1945 Bretton Woods Agreement Act ??? It may be 31 July 1945 (or is that the date it came into effect or are both dates the same?)
== Location of Fort Balkley ==
Where was Fort Balkley built? Is it in American or Canadian territory? I can't find any references, and all the articles on Google are the same.
:The article on [[Fort Balkley]] appears to be either a hoax or fiction without context, so it's no wonder you can't find any references. —[[User:Mirv|Charles P.]][[User talk:Mirv| <small>(Mirv)</small>]] 13:09, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
== market ==
what are two companies in an oligopolistic market?
:Two sellers? A [[duopoly]], I guess.
:I think the poster wants two examples in a given market, but that fairly strongly resembles homework. However, it should be easy to find: Check [[oligopoly]], identify an industry or market, and pick any two major companies. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 15:16, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
== Canonical "silent movie" music ==
I've been trying to find the names of two pieces of music which are associated in my mind with silent movies, and I can't think of any other context in which I've heard them. I'm starting to think that they aren't complete pieces, but rather musical phrases that the accompanist would pick out for a few bars at the appropriate moment. I think they are instantly recognisable if I can only describe them. I can't turn them into notes, but they are
1. Action/chase music. Five fast half beats, pause, repeat half beats, pause. Four full beats, down-up down-up(?). The same four beats, reversed(?).
2. Sinister music. Five slow beats, ascending except for the last; four faster beats descending.
Thanks in advance, [[User:Notinasnaid|Notinasnaid]] 14:10, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
:I think I know the one you mean with #2, for which you'd typically picture someone creeping along on tiptoes . I was taught to play that as part of very basic piano lessons at school many years ago, and the teacher referred to it as "spooks". I've no idea if that's it's correct name, or who it's by though [[User:Noodhoog|Noodhoog]] 14:38, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
:*I too can hear the second one in my mind, also used a lot in Warner Brothers cartoons if I recall correctly. I'm afraid I can't name it either. --[[User:Bodnotbod|bodnotbod]] 03:55, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
== 19th century novels ==
Why do some 19th century novels disguise the name of a certain person or certain place by using only a partial discriptor and then using an underline to complete the name but in other instances use the full name or ___location. For instance, in Jane Austin's
the region where the militia are from is written as _____shire and Lord John____ is used. At other times the names of towns, areas and people are used in full.
[[User:64.80.116.131|64.80.116.131]] 15:53, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
:It keeps the fiction generic. If an author writes ''[[Lincolnshire]]'', someone can become overly obsessive and complain that it didn't really happen there. If an author writes ''Sherbetshire'', that same reader can complain that it doesn't exist at all. It could also be, particularly in the case of names, that a satirical or political point is being made without being overt. The practice is also frequently found in [[science fiction]]; an author might describe the first manned [[Mars|Martian]] landing in ''20__'' with the story set five years later to prevent premature dating such as [[2001: A Space Odyssey]]. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 16:54, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
== Proper Title for the Grandson of a King ==
King X has a son and three daughters. The second daughter is married to a soldier of the capital guard, but their son keeps the King's family name instead of his father's. Would the son of the daughter of the King be a Lord? What military responsibilities, etc. might he have? The eldest, the son of King X, married and had children when said son of daughter of King was in his late teenaged years. Any information you can give me for any Middle Ages/etc. European country would be helpful.
: Things like this really aren't very prescriptive, and were less so still in the Middle Ages. People were frequently created Dukes, Barons, etc. at the whim of the monarch, and occasionally had their nobility removed (although this was commonly accompanied by the removal of their head too). Modern royal families have accumulated a big bag of titles which they distribute to their kids (sometimes there's a pattern to it, sometimes not). Descendants of women get a rougher deal in many monarchies: you'll note that [[Peter Mark Andrew Phillips]], the son of the daughter of a monarch, isn't in the royal family and has no title, as he's a female line descendent (but the Queen could, if she wanted make him the Duke of Drumchapel or something if she wanted, just as she could make any other British person). The only limit on the monarch's power to do stuff like this is the same as the limits on any non-totalitarian monarch - in particular, the monarch often has to keep powerful peers on side (and they might get a bit narked if the King elevates some yokel into being a Duke and puts him in charge of the army). [[Duke of York]] is one title that keeps getting pulled out of the British royals' big bag'o'titles. It's all politics, really. -- [[User:Finlay McWalter|Finlay McWalter]] | [[User talk:Finlay McWalter | Talk]] 17:34, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
== Slavery in the US ==
How could a black slave become a free man and how could he be recognized as such?
:Many ways. Here are a few:
*They could buy their freedom. This, of course, assumes that their owners allowed them to earn and keep money. Many did so, either out of sympahy or because they reasoned they would get more work out of a slave working diligently to earn their freedom than one with no hope for the future. Papers would be given to them listing them as free.
*Their owners could set them free to reward them for "years of loyal service". This was frequently done after the death of the owner, and was a term in their wills. Papers would be given to them in this case, too.
*Some slaves were given their freedom for a particular act, such as saving the life of the children of the owner. Papers would be given to them in this case, too.
*They could escape to a place where slavery was illegal. The North did not allow slavery in its states, but did return runaway slaves under the [[Fugitive slave laws]], so wasn't completely safe. Canada did not return runaway slaves, so was the destination of many.
*Some slaves were promised their freedom for joining the Confederate Army.
*During the Civil War, slaves in Confederate-held territories were technically freed as a result of the [[Emancipation Proclamation]] and actually freed once those areas were taken by the Union.
*All slaves were freed as a result of the [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] in 1865. At that point all former slaves were free, so no documents were needed to distinguish between freemen and slaves.
[[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 17:46, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
== Fall of the Roman Empire and Christianity ==
Do you know how many Christians were left in Britain after the fall of the Roman Empire?
== Burns, OR circa 1900 ==
I'm currently writing a novel (historical fiction) and have not been able to find a physical description of Burns or Harney City (Oregon) around 1890 to 1900. Where can I find a good description of these historical towns?
:Are these still present day towns of Oregon? If so, the town offices may have some historical photographs and such. If not the town's offices then the county offices may have some information and/or photographs. [[User:Dismas|Dismas]]|[[User talk:Dismas|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 20:21, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
*[[Burns, Oregon]] is located in [[Harney County, Oregon]] in the southeastern part of the state. We don't have an article on Harney City but this genealogy site should provide some assistance [http://www.rootsweb.com/~orharney/]. This article in the Oregon Blue Book should provide some assistance. [http://bluebook.state.or.us/local/counties/counties13.htm]
The Harney County Clerk is located at:
:Harney County Oregon Vital Records
:Harney County Clerk
:450 N Buena Vista Avenue
:Burns, OR 97720
:Phone: (541) 573-6641
[[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 07:23, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
== Cockles and mussels, alive alive o ==
In the 1970s I saw a made-for-TV (I think) movie in which the above line was featured in singsong. I have been able to determine that the line is from an old Irish folk song. I'd like to know what the title of the movie was. I vaguely remember a lighthouse (makes sense) and Robert Reed (of The Brady Bunch); I checked his filmography on IMDb.com, but found nothing definitive.
*The song is called "Molly Malone": [http://ingeb.org/songs/indublin.html], which might help your search. Incidently, this is known as "Cockles and mussels, [[Hawaii Five-O]]" to every schoolkid who was forced to sing it. --[[User:DrBob|Bob Mellish]] 21:38, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
**[http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=site%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2F%20%22molly%20malone%22&hl=en&meta= this Google search gives you all IMDB pages referring to ''Molly Malone''] you may find something in that lot. Incidentally, I would imagine the most famous version of the song was by either ''[[The Pogues]]'' or ''[[The Dubliners]]''. --[[User:Bodnotbod|bodnotbod]] 04:10, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
* [[Molly Malone]] is a traditional Irish folk song. [[Sinéad O'Connor]] has done a version and I suspect that many Irish musicians have covered this over the years. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 07:31, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
==politics==
How does the liberal constitional phase of 1789-1792 compare with the populist/radical phase of 1792-1794?
:They both occurred in the [[18th century]]. Please '''do your own homework'''. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 21:37, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
* The [[French Revolution]] article would be a good place to start. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 07:32, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
== Civil list ==
I was looking at the [[civil list]] article, and was a bit confused. In 1800s Canada, did civil list refer to the "fund" appropriated to pay the salaries? Or was it just a "list" saying where the money went? Thanks. -- <font size = "1" face = "Verdana">[[User:Pmam21|pmam21]]<sup>''[[User talk:Pmam21|talk]]''</sup><sub>''[[User:Pmam21/articles|articles]]''</sub></font> 00:57, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
:My understanding is that the civil list was originally simply a list of those on the government payroll. Over time the definition broadened, and the ''civil list'' became a general term referring to the entire process of selection and payment of these individuals. - [[User:SimonP|SimonP]] 20:27, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
== US presidential felon ==
I was reading the article about [[Leonard Peltier]] and his run for the 2004 presidency. I know that such a thing would probably never happen, but, how would they go about installing someone who is incarcerated as [[president]]? Would he do the job from prison, or is he automatically pardoned?
:Furthermore, why can someone who is in prison run for prez, but a prez who commits a crime must be impeached? (I mean a crime they were caught for, not all the crimes committed by past/present presidents that have gone unquestioned). --[[User:Ballchef|Ballchef]] 01:21, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
::And one more Q: who are some other criminals that have run for prez (besides dubya) --[[User:Ballchef|Ballchef]] 01:53, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
:::Impeachment is the process by which a president (or judge) ''may'' (not "must") be removed from office. It's not a punishment for committing a crime. - [[User:Nunh-huh|Nunh-huh]] 04:16, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
:::When a person has not been convicted of any crime, then it is libel to call them a criminal.
::::However, in modern politics it is standard to call 100% politicians of political party, other than yours, to be criminals. [[User:AlMac|AlMac]]|[[User talk:AlMac|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 19:09, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
If I recall correctly US Presidents are above the law; the only body they must be responsible to is the Congress. Once they return to being normal citizens, however, they are subject to regular laws. See articles on Andrew Johnson (aquitted) and Richard Nixon (pardoned). JK
*Since Peltier's convictions were in Federal court, if he were elected president, he would presumably arrange for a judge to swear him in on inauguration day, then immediately pardon himself so he could leave prison and go to the [[White House]]. [[Mumia Abu-Jamal]] considered a presidential campaign on the Peace and Freedom Party ticket in 2004 as well (the party whose ticket Peltier ran on), but he was convicted in state court, not Federal court -- so if Abu-Jamal were elected president, he wouldn't be able to pardon himself. --[[User:Metropolitan90|Metropolitan90]] 21:51, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
**But he could get the governor to pardon him right? --[[User:Ballchef|Ballchef]] 03:26, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
*[[Lyndon LaRouche]] ran for the Democratic nomination in 1992 while serving fifteen years in prison for mail fraud, conspiracy and tax code violations. He has now run eight times and if he runs again, he will tie the record of [[Harold Stassen]]. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 06:05, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
== Uses God's divine name ==
:[[Divine (Glen Milstead)|Glen Milstead]]? - [[User:Nunh-huh|Nunh-huh]] 04:13, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
:Perhaps you want the [[Tetragrammaton]]? — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 12:43, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
== World's largest lorry fleet ==
I would like to find out which company owns the world's largest lorry fleet.
:If you check the Wikipedia reference desk archives, somebody has claimed it's [[Wal-Mart]]. --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 06:56, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
:But I'd still put my money on the [[United Parcel Service]]. [[User:Garrett Albright|Garrett Albright]] 08:01, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
== what animal did Vasco Da Gama study in Africa in 1497 ==
That's a tough one. The [[Vasco Da Gama]] article doesn't specify, and a google search doesn't turn up much either. Perhaps you could look up books devoted to his voyage in a library, or any work written by Da Gama himself. --[[User:Ballchef|Ballchef]] 12:45, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
: In [[15th century in South Africa|1497]] Da Gama was sailing around the southern tip of [[Africa]]. So it could have been some sea creature found in the southern waters of africa (for example the [[Cape Fur Seal]]) or some land animal spotted on the shore.--[[User:Jcw69|Jcw69]] 17:01, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
: Please see this [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Humanities&oldid=24202191#which_animal_did_vasco_da_gama_document_while_he_was_around_the_east_african_coast.3F previously answered question]. [[User:Superm401|Superm401]] | [[User_talk:Superm401|Talk]] 19:08, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
== Female guerilla fighters ==
I am working on a piece of creative writing which I hope eventually to turn into a novel. The main premise is that of a young woman who becomes involved with a group of guerilla potential revolutionaries. Obviously there's huge amounts of information on the topic of guerilla warfare, to help with the research this entails, but I'm now looking for something more specific about women involved in guerilla war, both past and present. My personal interest is leaning towards South and Central America, but any information would be useful.
:[[Phoolan Devi]] was the name that sprung to mind immediately, although she wasn't South American. [[User:KeithD|KeithD]] [[User_talk:KeithD|(talk)]] 12:56, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
::There are a couple women associated with Fidel Castro and his Cuban revolution, Anita Marquez and a woman just known as Tania. There have been several movies about Castro, they may be the best source of info on the women. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 22:19, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
== Where can I find the english Translation of Cyrus' Cylinder? ==
In October 539 BCE, the Persian king Cyrus took Babylon. In Babylon, he wrote the Cyrus' cylinder[http://www.livius.org/a/1/mesopotamia/cyrus_cilinder.JPG]. This historical artifact is considered by many to be the first charter of human rights and also the footwork of the UN charter of human rights. In 1971, the UN translated the whole cylinder from Old Persian to all of the languages of the UN. On the internet, I was unable to find the english translation of it. Many websites have only small parts of the English version, but I am looking for the full English translation.
If anyone knows where I can find it, I would much appretiate it.
:[http://www.iranian.ws/cyrus.htm Here] it is. [[User:David Sneek|David Sneek]] 16:40, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
== 2000 Bush Campaign ==
Durring George W. Bush's First campaign for the presidency, he was asked by a reporter to names the heads of state of three(I think)countrys. I believe he did not attempt to answer the question but I am not sure. I would like to know the details of this incident. When exactly did this occur? Who was the reporter? What news organization did the reporter represent? What was Bush's response? Hope you can help.
Marshall Dawson
:You can read the CNN article on this at [http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/11/05/bush.popquiz/]. Bush was asked to name the leaders of four countries: Chechnya, Taiwan, India and Pakistan. He got "Lee" for Taiwan but didn't name any of the others. - [[User:SimonP|SimonP]] 20:20, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
== Swansea City career of Frank Lampard ==
Hello! I wanted to know what tournaments [[Frank Lampard]] played in for Swansea City when he was at loan there in 1995-96. He played 9 matches in the Premier League for them, but he also played 2 other matches. What matches were these? Thanks a lot. --[[User:Aabha R|Aabha]] 19:58, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
: those 9 games were not in the [[Premiership]] but in the [[Football League Second Division]]. Swansea haven't been in the top devision of English football since 1983. As for extra two games played by Lampard, I can't find any records but it could have been either the [[League Cup]], [[FA Cup]] , [[Football League Trophy]] or [[Welsh Cup]] [[User:Majts|Majts]] 04:48, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
== New Haven and Hartford Connecticut populations ==
Both New Haven and Hartford are both cited as Connecticut's second-largest city (behind Bridgeport). How could that be?
:Since Wikipedia is edited ''en masse'', errors like this can creep in. I would imagine, though, that the problem can be very quickly fixed by checking the populations listed for [[New Haven, Connecticut]] and [[Hartford, Connecticut]]. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 21:19, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
::In this case, Hartford trailed New Haven by about 1,000 people at the 2000 census. However, Hartford's article now has a 2002 estimate (which New Haven's lacks) that places it at about 1,000 more. I would favor re-listing Hartford as third-largest unless evidence is shown to demonstrate that New Haven has an appreciably lower population growth. Any comment from other users? This venue seems more likely to get pageviews than the relevant talk pages. — [[User:Lomn|Lomn]] | <small>[[User Talk:Lomn|Talk]] / [[User:Lomn/RfC|RfC]]</small> 21:25, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
:: It might be worth checking with the [[Census Bureau]], the relevant municipal authorities of both cities or the Connecticut state department to confirm those figures or even to get 2004 figures. According to this list for 2004 [http://www.ctkidslink.org/publications/welf05censustown07.pdf] Hartford had a population of 124,848, New Haven had 124,829 and Stamford had 120,886 so you might want to use this. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 06:21, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
== when does 1 note have two notes? ==
Musical terms - when 1 note has two notes? How does this happen? Thanks! --[[User:205.188.116.14|205.188.116.14]] 22:05, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
:You'll need to be a little more descriptive about what you mean. Are you referring to two notes on a single stem? Is there anything like what you are talking about at [[musical notation]]? - [[User:Nunh-huh|Nunh-huh]] 22:20, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
:You might be looking for [[enharmonic]] notes, like F-sharp and G-flat. Or maybe you mean [[multiphonics]]? [[User:Mindspillage|Mindspillage]] [[User talk:Mindspillage|(spill yours?)]] 22:44, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
:You might mean a [[Chord (music)]]? A chord is several notes to be played at the same time, and they are written atop eachother and connected in notation. --[[User:W.marsh|W.marsh]] 23:39, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
::Or do you mean an accidental? This is a note that lasts only a fraction of a second in introducing the main note which is usually a semitone higher or lower. It is written on the stave in miniature. However, this usage of the term [[accidental (music)|accidental]] seems not to be covered in Wikipedia or Wiktionary, so I could be mistaken. [[User:Shantavira|Shantavira]] 08:32, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
:::See [[ornament (music)|ornament]]; in particular the sections on the [[acciaccatura]] and [[appoggiatura]]. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 10:09, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
== The Crucifixion in Art ==
On a tour to Eastern Europe we noticed that in Crucifixion art the feet of Jesus sonetimes are depicted with one nail and sometimes with two nails.
Our guide thought that the convention in Western Europe was two nails and in Eastern Europe one nail.
Is this correct-and if so what is the history of the convention? Thank you in advance-- Llobl@aol.com[[User:151.201.220.150|151.201.220.150]]
:Sorry if this diverges from the crux of the matter, but there is a similar mistake that most depictions show nails through the hands of Jesus, while nails through the wrists were actually used for crucifixition. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 19:29, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
== massachusetts ==
I have a school project on massachusetts. i checked google and wikipedia of course.. But there is no specific founder of the state.. so was it the pilgrims in general or is it possible to be more specific? And why was it founded? is that up to me to make up? they were just searching for land, right?? thanks
:You might be interested in our articles on the [[Massachusetts Bay Company]] and the [[Plymouth Company]]. The idealistic part of your why might be found in [[City upon a Hill]]. I think you can get at the economic whys. — [[User:Laurascudder|Laura Scudder]] | [[User talk:Laurascudder|Talk]] 02:18, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
:: I suspect that the reasons were mainly religious see [[Pilgrims]]. [[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 06:56, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
== Machiavelli vs. Divine Right? ==
Gimme five differences.
:Okay, fair enough.
#Machiavelli ends with a vowel, while Divine Right doesn't
#Machiavelli has an 'l'.
#Divine Right is two words.
#Machiavelli is a person.
#Machiavelli would support you having others do your homework, while no self-respecting divinity would.
:'''Do your own homework'''. [[User:Superm401|Superm401]] | [[User_talk:Superm401|Talk]] 03:12, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
::Thats awesome. and so true. --[[User:Ballchef|Ballchef]] 03:28, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
* You may wish to look at our [[Niccolo Machiavelli]] and [[Divine Right of Kings]] articles. Our [[Divine Right]] article is not of much use to you as it relates to a DC Comics comic book.[[User:Capitalistroadster|Capitalistroadster]] 06:59, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
== how to get your girlfriend to act out her fantasy? ==
My girlfriend and I have been together for 12 years.I know her fantasy is to be with 2 guys or engage in group sex.I have told her I would be willing to do either,but i don't know how to get her to feel that it is acceptable to do.She is very beautiful and very very good in bed.I know she is totally into it because of how excited she gets when we talk about it or watch movies about it.I'm just not sure how to make it happen.Any advice would be much appreciated.
[[User:J Murphy|J Murphy]] 06:41, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
:Is this a '''homework''' question? [[User:Majts|Majts]] 06:46, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
: Have you tried asking? That's always a good first step. [[User:Dysprosia|Dysprosia]] 06:48, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
:Well done. You've taken the first, and most important step of all: asking complete strangers to help you with the most intimate details of your love life. In the days before the internet, people would have had to go to their local library and ask the librarian if they knew how to get their girlfriend to agree to group sex, which was good news for librarians, but bad news for those people who were trying to quietly read the latest John Grisham book before he finished writing the next one.
:As I said, asking complete strangers is the most important step you can take. Under no circumstances discuss it with your girlfriend in an open and honest manner. When it's all over, you want her to feel guilty and uncomfortable about it, just in case the new people are superior lovers to you in either ability or size (or even both), so you have the upper hand. As it's her fantasy, the guilt and discomfort could be overcome in the future, but if you play your cards right, you can manipulate the guilt and discomfort so that everything's on your terms. She might even bake you a cake.
:The practical advice would be to tell us complete strangers roughly where you live, so that you can have a couple of local Wikipedians (or a couple of Wikipedians willing to commute) come along and help out, whilst you go and visit your mother for the weekend. You'll want to say something like "I'm going to visit my mother this weekend, dear. By the way, I've got a couple of people coming to help out with your fantasy whilst I'm away. Enjoy. No matter what the Bible says, you remember that God ISN'T watching you at all times." (Whether you believe in God or not doesn't matter. It's a very simple piece of reverse psychology to sow the seeds of guilt). Let us know how you get on.
:See also our article on [[Eppelein von Gailingen]]. [[User:KeithD|KeithD]] [[User_talk:KeithD|(talk)]] 08:12, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
::Hmmm. This question, and the response (Which was probably a bit unnecessarily snarky - who hasn't wanted advice on how to deal with their romantic parter sometimes?), suggest to me yet another guideline to the top of the page: "The Reference desk is not an [[agony aunt]]." --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 08:34, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
:::If you've already said you'd be willing then the onus is pretty much on her, unless you fancy surprising her. If she's hesitant about actually taking the step of arranging something/approaching someone you might be best to either suggest that you'll sort it out (wouldn't be too hard to arange another guy if she's good looking, would be harder to arrrange another woman or a couple unless she's involved in picking them up too); or to make it clear that if she really wants to do this then you should both try to arrange something. The big step is finding someone else to join you, could get awkward if you try someone you already know otherwise you could both just try picking someone up in a bar. Alternatively you could try to engineer a situation where it is easier for her to say yes, eg invite an open minded friendly couple over(sound them out beforehand), suggest putting a porno film on, etc & let things develop. Though this might be a bit too over-eager & underhand (could be misinterpreted) - basically you're probably better off talking openly about it & finding out why she's reluctant. [[User:AllanHainey|AllanHainey]] 09:13, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
::::Get her drunk. [[User:Proto|Proto]]<small> [[User_talk:Proto|t]] [[Special:Contributions/Proto|c]]</small> 09:41, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
::::: [[Sigmund Freud|Sometimes a <s>cigar</s> fantasy is just a <s>cigar</s> fantasy.]] — [[Image:Ontario trillium sig.png|15px]][[User:mendel|mendel]] [[User_talk:Mendel|☎]] 15:50, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
==Does anyone know the name of this cartoon from the 1980s?==
For the last few months I've been trying find out information about a cartoon I saw on American television in either 1989 or 1990. I was four years old at the time so I can't remember the name. From what I remember of the storyline it involved a little girl who owned a teddy bear. When she rubbed noses with the bear he became alive. This bear had a sister and it turned out they came from another dimension and their mother was some kind of giant robotic factory. It's possible that it was an animé cartoon but since it was so long ago I can't really remember. It's also possible that this cartoon was show on British television aswell. Help me!
::Bits of that sound like [[Superted]]. That was about a teddy bear who was rejected at the factory, dumped, and was found by a cosmic alien covered in spots who sprinkled him with magic dust. I'm not sure if that is the correct show. <nowiki></nowiki><font style="color:#00BB55"><u><b>s</b>murray</u><font style="color:#00AA77"><u>in</u><font style =""color:#00EE55"><u>chester</u><sup>([[User:Smurrayinchester|User]]), ([[User talk:Smurrayinchester|Talk]]), ([[Elderado Dingbatti|Recent Contrib]])</sup><font style="color:#000000"> 16:00, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
This cartoon was definately not Super Ted and I think the teddy bear in question was actually a koala
:Hmm, the closest thing I'm finding is [[Adventures of the Little Koala]] [http://www.absoluteanime.com/little_koala/] [http://www.johnnorrisbrown.com/classic-nick/aotlk/] which was either Korean or Japanese, depending on who you ask. However, it featured no human characters. Incidentally, please note that "animé" is [[French animation]] and "anime" is [[Japanese animation]]. [[User:Garrett Albright|Garrett Albright]] 17:03, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
::Oh wait, I found it! [[Nozzles]] [http://progressiveboink.com/archive/noozles.htm] should be what you're looking for. [[User:Garrett Albright|Garrett Albright]] 17:05, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
:::I think [[User:Garrett Albright|Garrett]] meant ''[[Noozles]]''.--[[User:Commander Keane|Commander Keane]] 18:06, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
== Sociology ==
In one sentence, explain the basic tenet of positivism.
State one basic similarity between Comte and Durkheim.
Explain why Weber insited on the use of the Vestehen in sociological research?(one sentence)
State one major difference between the interpretivist and the positivist approach to research.
*Okay:
:*The glass is half-full rather than half-empty.
:*They were both French.
:*He didn't. He insisted on ''[[wiktionary:verstehen|verstehen]]''.
:*The interpretivist feels he has to explain why it's important to '''do your own homework''', while the positivist will congratulate you for finding a creative way to get other people to do it.
:--[[User:Diderot|Diderot]] 11:04, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
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