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{{Short description|Centre-left Czech political party}}
{{Hatnote group|
{{Redirect|ČSSD|the political party currently abbreviated ČSSD|Czech Sovereignty of Social Democracy}}
{{Other uses|CSSD (disambiguation){{!}}CSSD}}
}}
{{Lead too short|date=July 2024}}
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Social Democracy
| native_name = Sociální demokracie
| native_name_lang = cs
| abbreviation = SOCDEM
| logo_size = 100
| colorcode = {{Political party data|color}}
| logo = Logo of the Social Democracy (Czech Republic).svg
| leader = [[Jana Maláčová]]
| leader1_title = Deputy Leaders
| leader1_name = [[Lubomír Zaorálek]]<br />[[Jiří Oliva]]<br />[[Jiří Nedvěd]]<br />[[Radek Scherfer]]
| leader3_title = Senate Leader
| leader3_name =
| founders = [[Josef Boleslav Pecka]]<br>[[Ladislav Zápotocký]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|1878|04|07|df=y}}
| headquarters = Lidový dům, Hybernská 1033/7, [[Prague 1]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://socdem.cz/kontakty/ | title=Kontakty - Sociální demokracie | access-date=18 April 2025 }}</ref>
| think_tank = [[Masaryk Democratic Academy]]
| wing1_title = Women's wing
| wing1 = Social Democratic Women
| wing2_title = Religious wing
| wing2 = Christian Social Platform
| youth_wing = [[Young Social Democrats (Czech Republic)|Young Social Democrats]]
| membership_year = 2025
| membership = 3,090
| ideology = [[Social democracy]]<br />[[Left-wing populism]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pehe |first=Jiří |date=2024-10-11 |title=Jana Maláčová a past dějin české sociální demokracie |url=https://denikreferendum.cz/clanek/36759-jana-malacova-a-past-dejin-ceske-socialni-demokracie |access-date=2025-04-27 |work=Deník Referendum |language=cs}}</ref><br />[[Pro-Europeanism]]
| position = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]
| european = [[Party of European Socialists]]
| national = [[National Front (Czechoslovakia)|National Front]] (1945–1948)<br>[[Stačilo!]] (since 2025)
| international = [[Progressive Alliance]]<br />[[Socialist International]]
| europarl = [[Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats]]
| colours = {{color box|{{party color|Social Democracy (Czech Republic)}}}} Pastel red
| slogan = ''Lidskost místo sobectví''<br>('Humanity Instead of Selfishness')
<!-- Values obtained from Wikidata; to edit, see https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q341148 -->| seats1_title = [[Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic|Chamber of Deputies]]
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|0|200|hex={{Political party data|color}}}}
| seats2_title = [[Senate of the Czech Republic|Senate]]
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|0|81|hex={{Political party data|color}}}}
| seats3_title = [[European Parliament]]
| seats3 = {{Political party data|seat composition bar|EP}}
| seats4_title = Regional councils
| seats4 = {{composition bar|12|675|{{party color|Social Democracy (Czech Republic)}}}}
| seats5_title = Governors of the regions
| seats5 = {{composition bar|0|13|{{party color|Social Democracy (Czech Republic)}}}}
| seats6_title = Local councils
| seats6 = {{composition bar|799|61780|{{party color|Social Democracy (Czech Republic)}}}}
| flag = [[File:Flag of the Social Democracy (Czech Republic).svg|180px|border|Flag of the Social Democracy]]
| website = {{Political party data|website}}
| country = the Czech Republic
}}
'''Social Democracy''' ({{langx|cs|Sociální demokracie}}, '''SOCDEM'''), known as the '''Czech Social Democratic Party''' ({{langx|cs|Česká strana sociálně demokratická|links=no}}, '''ČSSD''') until 10 June 2023, is a [[Social democracy|social democratic]]<ref name="CSIS" /><ref name="Lewis2000">{{cite book|author=Paul G. Lewis|title=Political Parties in Post-Communist Eastern Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UjmwJWwgOfgC&pg=PA51|year=2000|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-20182-7|page=51}}</ref><ref name="Almeida">{{cite book|author=Dimitri Almeida|title=The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oD7bKbo0FYEC&pg=PT71|year=2012|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-136-34039-0|page=71}}</ref> [[List of political parties in the Czech Republic|political party in the Czech Republic]].<ref name="Nordsieck 2021">{{cite web|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|date=October 2021|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/czechia.html|title=Czechia|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|access-date=31 October 2021}}</ref> Sitting on the [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]]<ref name="CSIS">{{cite web |url=https://www.csis.org/programs/european-election-watch/czech-republic |title=European Election Watch Czech Republic |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher=[[Center for Strategic and International Studies]] |access-date=4 January 2022 |quote= |archive-date=4 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104035707/https://www.csis.org/programs/european-election-watch/czech-republic |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Czech centre-left party approves joining coalition, new government close|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-czech-politics/czech-centre-left-party-approves-joining-coalition-new-government-close-idUSKBN1JB05C|work=Reuters|access-date=2 June 2018}}</ref> of the [[political spectrum]] and holding [[pro-European]] views,<ref name="CSIS"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zpravy.idnes.cz/ssd-ustredni-vykonny-vybor-volby-jan-hamacek-jiri-zimola-pz5-/domaci.aspx?c=A181020_095449_domaci_kop|title = Hamáček dostal důvěru. ČSSD má teď být levicovým rebelem ve vládě|date = 20 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Jean-Christophe|last=Merle|title=Die Legitimität von supranationalen Institutionen der EU Die Debatte in den neuen und alten Mitgliedstaaten Reihe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zH2omuuhBaoC&pg=PT255|year=2012|publisher=Lit Verlag|isbn=978-3-643-11207-1|page=255}}</ref> it is a member of the [[Party of European Socialists]], the [[Socialist International]], and the [[Progressive Alliance]].<ref name="Nordsieck 2021"/> [[Masaryk Democratic Academy]] is the party-affiliated's [[think tank]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Masarykova demokratická akademie|url=http://www.cssd.cz/strana/partneri-a-podporovatele/partneri/masarykova-demokraticka-akademie/|website=ČSSD|access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref>
The ČSSD was a junior coalition party within [[Andrej Babiš' Second Cabinet]]'s minority government from June 2018, and was a senior coalition party from 1998 to 2006 and from 2013 to 2017. It held 15 seats in the [[Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic]] following the [[2017 Czech legislative election]] in which the party lost 35 seats.<ref name="Nordsieck 2021"/> From 2018 to 2021, the party was led by [[Jan Hamáček]], who has since been replaced by [[Michal Šmarda (politician)|Michal Šmarda]] as leader after the [[2021 Czech legislative election]], in which the party lost all of its seats after falling below 5%.<ref name="iDNES 2021">{{Cite web |date=2021-10-09 |title=Končím, prohlásil Hamáček po propadu ČSSD ve volbách |url=https://www.idnes.cz/volby/jan-hamacek-ceska-strana-socialne-demokraticka-konec.A211009_175340_volby_misl |access-date=2021-10-10 |website=iDNES.cz |language=cs}}</ref>
== History ==
{{more citations needed section|date=June 2019}}
The '''Social Democratic Czechoslavonic party in Austria''' ({{langx|cs|Sociálně Demokratická strana Českoslovanská v Rakousku}}) was a political group founded on 7 April 1878 in [[Austria-Hungary]] as a regional wing of the [[Social Democratic Party of Austria]]. Founded in [[Břevnov]] atop earlier social democratic initiatives, such as the [[Oul]]s, it represented much of the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]] in the Austrian parliament, and its significant role in the political life of the empire was one of the factors that led to the creation of an independent Czechoslovakia. After the collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of [[World War I]], the party became one of the leading parties of the [[first Czechoslovak Republic]]. Its members were split over whether to join the [[Comintern]], which in 1921 resulted in the fracturing of the party, with a large part of its membership then forming the new [[Communist Party of Czechoslovakia]].
[[File:CSSD prukaz 1945-1948.jpg|thumb|Party membership card, 1945]]
During the occupation of the Czech lands by [[Nazi Germany]], the party was officially abolished, but its members organized resistance movements contrary to the laws of the German-controlled [[Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia]], both at home and abroad. After the [[History of Czechoslovakia (1945-1948)|re-establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic]] in 1945, the party returned to its pre-war structure and became a member of the [[National Front (Czechoslovakia)|National Front]] which formed a new governing coalition. In 1948, after the [[Communist Party of Czechoslovakia]] gained a parliamentary majority, the Czech Social Democratic Party was incorporated into the Communist Party. At the time of the [[Prague Spring]], a reformist movement in 1968, there were talks about allowing the recreation of a social democratic party, but [[Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia|Soviet intervention]] put an end to such ideas. It was only after the [[Velvet Revolution]] of 1989 that the party was recreated. Since the [[dissolution of Czechoslovakia]], which came into effect on 1 January 1993, the ČSSD has been one of the major political parties of the Czech Republic, and until October 2017 was always one of the two parties with the largest number of seats in the Chamber of Deputies.
At the [[1998 Czech legislative election]], the party won the largest number of seats but failed to form a coalition government, so formed a minority government under its leader [[Miloš Zeman]]. With only 74 seats out of 200, the government had [[confidence and supply]] from the [[Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)|Civic Democratic Party]] (ODS), under the so-called [[Opposition Agreement]]. At the [[2002 Czech legislative election]], the party gained 70 of the 200 seats in the [[Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic]]. Its leader [[Vladimír Špidla]] became [[List of Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic|prime minister]], heading a coalition with two small centre-right parties, the [[Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party]] (KDU–ČSL) and the [[Freedom Union – Democratic Union]] (US-DEU) until he was forced to resign in 2004 after the ČSSD lost in the [[2004 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic]].
The next leader was [[Stanislav Gross]], serving as leader from 26 June 2004 to 26 April 2005 and as prime minister from 4 August 2004 to 25 April 2005. He resigned after a scandal when he was unable to explain the source of money used to buy his house. The successor of Gross as prime minister was [[Jiří Paroubek]], while [[Bohuslav Sobotka]] became acting party leader from 26 April 2005 to 13 May 2006. Paroubek was then elected as the new party leader in the run-up to the [[2006 Czech legislative election]], at which the party won 32.3% of the vote and 74 out of 200 seats. The election at first caused a [[stalemate]], since the centre-right parties plus the [[Green Party (Czech Republic)|Green Party]] and the centre-left parties each had exactly 100 seats. The stalemate was broken when two ČSSD deputies, [[Miloš Melčák]] and [[Michal Pohanka]], abstained during a [[vote of confidence]], allowing a coalition of the [[Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)|Civic Democrats]] (ODS), the KDU-ČSL, and the Green Party to form a government, while the ČSSD went into opposition.
[[File:Hamáček Sobotka 2015.JPG|thumb|Former party leader and prime minister [[Bohuslav Sobotka]] (on the right) and the next former party leader and interior minister [[Jan Hamáček]]]]
At the [[2010 Czech legislative election]], the ČSSD gained 22.08% of the vote but remained the largest party, with 56 seats. Failing to form a governing coalition, it remained in opposition to a government coalition of the ODS, conservative [[TOP 09]] and conservative-liberal [[Public Affairs (political party)|Public Affairs]] parties. Paroubek resigned as leader on 7 June and was succeeded by Sobotka.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-05-29|title=Šéf ČSSD Paroubek po volbách rezignoval. Prohráli obyčejní lidé, řekl|url=https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/domaci/sef-cssd-paroubek-po-volbach-rezignoval-prohrali-obycejni-lide-rekl.A100529_183840_domaci_lf|access-date=2021-10-10|website=iDNES.cz|language=cs}}</ref> It remained the largest party after the [[2013 Czech legislative election]], and in December of the same year formed a governing coalition with the populist [[ANO 2011]] and the centrist [[Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Leos Rousek|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/czechs-clear-way-for-threeparty-coalition-government-1386784091|title=Czechs Clear Way for Three-Party Coalition Government|website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=11 December 2013|access-date=23 December 2017}}</ref> The leader of ČSSD, Bohuslav Sobotka, became the new Prime Minister of the Czech Republic.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-01-17|title=Novým premiérem byl jmenován předseda ČSSD Bohuslav Sobotka|url=https://www.vlada.cz/cz/media-centrum/aktualne/novym-premierem-byl-dnes-jmenovan-predseda-cssd-bohuslav-sobotka--115271/|access-date=2021-10-10|website=vlada.cz|language=cs}}</ref>
The party suffered heavy losses in the [[2017 Czech legislative election]] and was reduced to 15 seats, the worst result in its history. ČSSD suffered another defeat in the Prague Municipal, local and Senate elections in 2018. ČSSD lost 12 senators (only one managed to win re-election), all Prague deputies and more than half of their local councillors. In 2019 ČSSD lost all their representatives in the European Parliament. Some political commentators have interpreted the string of poor results as a sign of ČSSD losing their position in national politics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globe24.cz/domov/67981-eurovolby-jsou-pro-cssd-debaklem-potvrdili-politologove|title=Eurovolby jsou pro ČSSD debaklem, potvrdili politologové|website=Globe24.cz|agency=Czech News Agency|date=27 May 2019}}</ref> ČSSD suffered another defeat in 2020 Regional Elections and Senate elections, when they lost 10 senators (none re-elected) and 97 regional deputies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cz.boell.org/en/2020/11/02/krajske-senatni-volby-2020-horke-vitezstvi-pro-babise-dominance-opozice-v-senatu|title = Czech Senate and regional elections 2020: Bitter victory for the Prime Minister, dominance of the opposition in the Senate |website=Heinrich Böll Stiftung}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13597566.2021.1948839?journalCode=frfs20|doi=10.1080/13597566.2021.1948839|title=The 2020 Czech regional elections: A story of a winner that lost|year=2021|last1=Kouba|first1=Karel|last2=Lysek|first2=Jakub|journal=Regional & Federal Studies|volume=32 |issue=4 |pages=485–497|s2cid=237827332 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> From 2018 to 2021, ČSSD had [[Jan Hamáček]] as First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior, [[Jana Maláčová]] as Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, [[Lubomír Zaorálek]] as Minister of Culture, and [[Miroslav Toman]] as Minister of Agriculture.
=== Extra-parliamentary party since 2021 ===
In the [[2021 Czech parliamentary election|2021 election]] the party fell short of the 5% threshold and subsequently lost all of its seats in the Chamber of Deputies. This came as a shock to much of the party membership, who were reportedly optimistic about party results even as predictions showed party losing its representation. Party chair Jan Hamáček resigned on the election day, as some high-ranking members blamed [[ANO (political party)|ANO]] for the lost.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hromková |first=Dominika |date=2021-10-09 |title=Krvavě jsme zaplatili za Babišovu vládu, zní od sociálních demokratů |url=https://www.idnes.cz/volby/cssd-ohlasy-volby.A211009_220521_volby_bur |access-date=2025-01-16 |newspaper=[[Mladá fronta Dnes]]|publisher=[[Mafra (company)|Mafra]] |language=cs}}</ref>
Later that year, Mayor of the [[Nové Město na Moravě]] [[Michal Šmarda (politician)|Michal Šmarda]] defeated former Minister of Labor [[Jana Maláčová]] in the leadership contest,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-10 |title=Sociální demokraté zvolili předsedu strany. V prvním kole zvítězil Michal Šmarda, získal 130 hlasů |url=https://www.irozhlas.cz/zpravy-domov/cssd-socialni-demokracie-novy-predseda-strany-kandidati-smarda-malacova_2112101405_voj |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=[[Czech Radio]] |language=cs}}</ref> vowing to return the party to Parliament. He also said he does not want to repeat the cooperation with ANO, as he reckoned that it will not exist when the next parliamentary election is held.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-10 |title=Nový šéf ČSSD: Strany lidem lžou, že svět zůstane stejný. My ne|url=https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/domaci-politika-novy-sef-cssd-strany-lidem-lzou-ze-svet-zustane-stejny-my-ne-183159 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=[[Seznam Zprávy]] |language=cs}}</ref>
==== Relaunch ====
At its 2023, the party elected to change its name to just ''Social Democracy'', and adopt a new visual identity with a new logo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-10 |title=Značka ČSSD končí. Strana se jmenuje SOCDEM, šéfem zvolili Šmardu|url=https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/domaci-politika-cssd-a-ruze-skonci-zbyde-po-ni-socdem-na-okvetnim-platku-232355 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=[[Seznam Zprávy]] |language=cs}}</ref> Šmarda was reelected as chairman, claiming that the party will be an alternative to both a [[Spolu (Czech Republic)|SPOLU]]-led government and an ANO-led opposition.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-10 |title=ČSSD se mění na SOCDEM, delegáti schválili i nové logo. Post předsedy obhájil Šmarda |url=https://www.irozhlas.cz/zpravy-domov/csssd-socdem-socialni-demokrate-sjezd-logo_2306101618_cen |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=[[Czech Radio]] |language=cs}}</ref> He also says he sees the party back at a 30% vote share in four years and at 10% in the next parliamentary election,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-10 |title=Sjezd ČSSD začal. Zdanil bych bohaté, banky i oligarchy, říká její šéf |url=https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/domaci-politika-zdanil-bych-bohate-banky-i-oligarchy-rika-pred-sjezdem-sef-cssd-smarda-232227 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=[[Seznam Zprávy]] |language=cs}}</ref> claiming that under his leadership, SOCDEM will not form a government with ANO, ODS, [[TOP 09]], [[Freedom and Direct Democracy|SPD]] or [[Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia|KSČM]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perknerová |first=Kateřina |date=2023-06-16 |title=Šéf SOCDEM Michal Šmarda: Vláda s ANO byla chyba. Už ji nezopakujeme |url=https://www.denik.cz/z_domova/michal-smarda-predseda-socdem-cssd.html |access-date=2025-01-16 |newspaper=[[Deník]] |language=cs|publisher=[[Vltava Labe Media]]}}</ref>
For the [[2023 Czech presidential election]], the party nominated a trade union leader [[Josef Středula]], though he dropped out shortly before the election. Šmarda refused to support any other candidate, but called on his fellow party members to vote against [[Andrej Babiš]], [[Jaroslav Bašta]] and [[Karel Diviš]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-09 |title=Šéf ČSSD po odstoupení Středuly: Budu volit "menší zlo" |url=https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/volby-prezidentske-sef-cssd-po-odstoupeni-streduly-budu-volit-mensi-zlo-222807 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=[[Seznam Zprávy]] |language=cs}}</ref>
Former party leader [[Lubomír Zaorálek]] was selected as the party's lead candidate for the [[2024 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic|2024 European Parliament election]]. The party had chosen to run independently, after coalition talks with the [[Green Party (Czech Republic)|Greens]] failed,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kopecký |first=Josef |date=2023-12-13 |title=Zelené povede do eurovoleb Nejedlová. Bude za ně kandidovat i Okamura |url=https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/domaci/zeleni-volby-do-evropskeho-parlamentu-nejedlova-osamu-okamura.A231213_124159_domaci_kop |access-date=2025-01-16 |newspaper=[[Mladá fronta Dnes]]|publisher=[[Mafra (company)|Mafra]] |language=cs}}</ref> but opted to invite [[Budoucnost]] members on its list.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mladí budou bojovat v barvách SOCDEM |website= Sociální demokracie |url=https://socdem.cz/akt-aktuality/mladi-budou-bojovat-v-barvach-socdem/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |language=cs}}</ref> SOCDEM received 1.86% of the vote share at the election, failing to enter the European Parliament for the second consecutive time, and finishing 9th overall. Šmarda, describing the result as his personal failure, called for a new leadership election, blaming the party disunity for the result.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-13 |title=Prožil jsem velké zklamání. Šmarda po debaklu SOCDEM svolal sjezd, který zvolí nové vedení |url=https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/domaci-prozil-jsem-velke-zklamani-smarda-po-volebnim-debaklu-socdem-svolal-sjezd-ktery-zvoli-nove-vedeni-40476309 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=[[Novinky.cz]] |language=cs|publisher=Borgis}}</ref>
==== Under Jana Maláčová ====
After the unsuccessful election, Jana Maláčová was elected chairwoman of the party, defeating former Minister for Human Rights [[Jiří Dienstbier Jr.]]. Maláčová called for the party to shift to the left and called for a Czech version of the French [[New Ecological and Social People's Union]] alliance. Doing so, she refused to work with [[Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia|KSČM]], causing a stir among some party members.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kopecký |first=Josef |date=2024-10-05 |title=Maláčová vede SOCDEM. Slíbila širokou levicovou koalici proti ožebračování |url=https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/domaci/socdem-volebni-sjezd-hradec-kralove-malacova-dienstbier.A241004_174337_domaci_kop |access-date=2025-01-16 |newspaper=[[Mladá fronta Dnes]]|publisher=[[Mafra (company)|Mafra]] |language=cs}}</ref> Later, former ministers Jan Petříček, [[Petra Buzková]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-07 |title=Petříček a Buzková opouštějí SOCDEM, nesouhlasí se směřováním strany |url=https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/domaci/socdem-tomas-petricek-petra-buzkova-odchod-ze-strany.A241007_142247_domaci_misl |access-date=2025-01-16 |newspaper=[[Mladá fronta Dnes]]|publisher=[[Mafra (company)|Mafra]] |language=cs}}</ref> and former party leader [[Jan Hamáček]] had left the party in protest.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-13 |title=Jan Hamáček končí v SOCDEM, důvodem je podle něj současné vedení|url=https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/domaci-jan-hamacek-konci-v-socdem-duvodem-je-podle-nej-soucasne-vedeni-253879 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=[[Seznam Zprávy]] |language=cs}}</ref>
Shortly after being elected, Maláčová began talks with the [[Stačilo!]] alliance, seeking cooperation for the [[2025 Czech parliamentary election]], citing the success of the French [[New Ecological and Social People's Union|NUPES]]. This resulted in further protests from party members as well as the [[Young Social Democrats (Czech Republic)|Young Social Democrats]], which warned against another mass departure of members if SOCDEM collaborates with Stačilo!.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-13 |title=Jednání Maláčové s Konečnou drhne|url=https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/volby-do-poslanecke-snemovny-spoluprace-s-komunisty-dal-stepi-socdem-267688 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=[[Seznam Zprávy]] |language=cs}}</ref>
In February 2025, Maláčová announced that the talks had broken down, saying that Stačilo! was "not left-wing enough" and that it focused on anti-system politics rather than on social-economical issues. The party has added that it is still open to cooperation with other subjects.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-10 |title=SOCDEM nebude kandidovat společně se Stačilo |url=https://www.e15.cz/domaci/socdem-nebude-kandidovat-spolecne-se-stacilo-hnuti-podle-malacove-neni-dostatecne-levicove-1422235 |access-date=2025-03-01 |website=E15.cz |language=cs |agency=[[Czech News Agency]]|publisher=[[Czech News Center]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grim |first=Jakub |date=2025-02-10 |title=SOCDEM nebude kandidovat s komunisty. ‚Stačilo! nechce zdůrazňovat levicová témata,' říká Maláčová |url=https://www.irozhlas.cz/zpravy-domov/socdem-nebude-kandidovat-s-komunisty-stacilo-nechce-zduraznovat-levicova-temata_2502101045_jgr |access-date=2025-03-01 |website=[[Czech Radio]] |language=cs}}</ref>
On 7 April 2025, former MEP [[Libor Rouček]] left the party in protest against SOCDEM leaders secret negotiations with [[ANO (political party)|ANO]] for places on ANO's candidate lists for the 2025 Czech parliamentary election.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kopecký|first=Josef|date=2025-04-07 |title=Rouček končí v SOCDEM, vadí mu jednání s ANO. Všechno je možné, říká Zaorálek|url=https://www.idnes.cz/volby/libor-roucek-socdem-odchod-strana-socialni-demokrate.A250407_150128_domaci_kurl |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=[[iDNES.cz]] |language=cs|publisher=[[Mafra (company)|Mafra]]|agency=[[Czech News Agency]]}}</ref>
On 25 June 2025, SOCDEM leaders released a press release where they invited Stačilo! to cooperate for the 2025 Czech parliamentary election again.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-25 |title=SOCDEM vyzvalo Stačilo! ke spolupráci ve volbách, Dienstbier ukončil členství|url=https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/volby-do-poslanecke-snemovny-socdem-vyzvalo-hnuti-stacilo-ke-spolupraci-v-rijnovych-snemovnich-volbach-280296 |access-date=2025-06-26 |website=[[Seznam Zprávy]] |language=cs|agency=[[Czech News Agency]]}}</ref> Former Minister for Human Rights Jiří Dienstbier Jr., Senator Petr Vícha, former MP Václav Votava, former MEP [[Miroslav Poche]] and governor of Pardubice Region [[Martin Netolický]] left the party in protest.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kopecký|first=Josef|date=2025-06-26 |title=„Prasácky schválili memorandum s bolševiky.“ Známé tváře končí v SOCDEM|url=https://www.idnes.cz/volby/votava-odchod-ze-socdem-spoluprace-s-komunisty.A250626_061523_volby_kop |access-date=2025-06-26 |website=[[iDNES.cz]] |language=cs|publisher=[[Mafra (company)|Mafra]]}}</ref> Former Czech president, PM and ČSSD chairman [[Miloš Zeman]] commented cooperation between SOCDEM and Stačilo! as "sensible solution".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Müller|first=Matyáš|date=2025-06-26 |title=Zeman vítá spojení Stačilo! se SOCDEM. Považuji to za rozumné, řekl|url=https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/domaci/milos-zeman-kscm-socdem-stacilo-lany.A250626_110605_domaci_mul |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=[[iDNES.cz]] |language=cs|publisher=[[Mafra (company)|Mafra]]}}</ref>
On 17 July 2025, both Stačilo! and SOCDEM agreed on cooperation for the 2025 Czech parliamentary election.<ref name=idnes1772025>{{Cite web |last=Kopecký|first=Josef|date=2025-07-17 |title=Stačilo! schválilo dohodu se SOCDEM. Přibralo do voleb Maláčovou i Zaorálka|url=https://www.idnes.cz/volby/stacilo-predsednictvo-dohoda-se-socdem-sterzik-nechce-aby-propadly-hlasy.A250717_051219_volby_kop |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=[[iDNES.cz]] |language=cs|publisher=[[Mafra (company)|Mafra]]}}</ref> Former SOCDEM leader Michal Šmarda announced that he will leave the party in protest.<ref name=idnes1772025 />
On 21 July 2025, Maláčová at the Stačilo! press conference announced that she will lead Stačilo! in Prague, vice-chairman Jiří Nedvěd in [[Karlovy Vary Region]] and first vice-chairman Lubomír Zaorálek would be listed second in [[Moravian-Silesian Region]] after Stačilo! leader [[Kateřina Konečná]]. Forty SOCDEM members would be listed on Stačilo! candidate lists.<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 July 2025 |title=Maláčová povede kandidátku Stačilo! v Praze, Zaorálek až za Konečnou|url=https://www.echo24.cz/a/HRAqt/zpravy-domov-malacova-povede-kandidatku-stacilo-v-praze-nedved-v-karlovarskem-kraji |access-date=30 July 2025 |website=Echo24.cz |language=cs|publisher=Echo media|agency=[[Czech News Agency]]}}</ref>
== Organization ==
=== Names ===
[[Czech lands]] as part of [[Austria-Hungary]]:
* 1878–1893: '''Czechoslavonic Social Democratic Party''' in Austria (''Sociálně-demokratická strana českoslovanská v Rakousku''), then part of the [[Social Democratic Party of Austria]]
* 1893–1918: '''Czechoslavonic Social Democratic Workers' Party''' (''Českoslovanská sociálně demokratická stranu dělnická''), an independent party
[[Czechoslovakia]]:
* 1918–1938: '''Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers' Party''' (''Československá sociálně demokratická strana dělnická''), and was a member of the [[Labour and Socialist International]] between 1923 and 1938;<ref>Kowalski, Werner. ''Geschichte der sozialistischen Arbeiter-Internationale: 1923 – 1938, Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften, 1985. p. 327.</ref> after the split-up of Austria-Hungary, the portion of the party that ended up within the new [[First Austrian Republic|Republic of Austria]] split from the main party to form the [[Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers Party in the Republic of Austria]]
* 1938–1941: [[National Labour Party (Czechoslovakia, 1938)|'''National Labour Party''']] (''Národní strana práce''), which was a merger of the party with the left wing of the [[Czechoslovak National Socialist Party]] to unite the left in opposition to the ruling [[Party of National Unity (Czechoslovakia)|Party of National Unity]]
* 1945–1948: '''Czechoslovak Social Democracy''' (''Československá sociální demokracie'')
* 1948–1989: merged with the '''[[Communist Party of Czechoslovakia]]''' but concurrently existed as an exile party with its headquarters in London
* 1990–1993: '''Czechoslovak Social Democracy''' (''Československá sociální demokracie'')
[[Czech Republic]]:
* 1993–2023: '''Czech Social Democratic Party''' (''Česká strana sociálně demokratická''), keeping the previous abbreviation ČSSD
* Since June 2023: '''Social Democracy''' (''Sociální demokracie''), adopting the abbreviation SOCDEM.
=== Logos ===
<gallery>
File:Czechoslovak Social Democracy.png|Party logo, 1945–1948 1990–1992<br>(1948–1990 in-exile)
File:Social Democratic Party symbol 1993.jpg|Party logo, 1992–1998
File:Czech Social Democratic Party logo (2021).svg|Party logo, 2021–2023
File:Logo of the Social Democracy (Czech Republic).svg|Party logo, 2023–
</gallery>
<gallery>
ČSSD-nové logo.png|Electoral logo for 2020 elections
Logo of the Czech Social Democratic Party (2021).svg|Electoral logo for 2021 elections
</gallery>
=== Policy positions ===
In economic matters, the ČSSD party platform is typical of Western European social democratic parties. It supports a [[mixed economy]], a strong [[welfare state]], and [[progressive taxation]]. In foreign policy, it supports European integration, including joining the [[Eurozone]], and is critical of the [[foreign policy of the United States]], especially when in opposition, though it does not oppose membership of the Czech Republic in [[NATO]].
=== Membership ===
<div style=display:inline-table>
{|class="wikitable"
|+ After 1989<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gargulák|first=Karel|date=2011|url=https://is.muni.cz/th/l5z6g/Bakalarska_prace-Karel_Gargulak-333127.pdf|title=Členská základna. Česká strana sociálně demokratická|website=IS Muni|language=cs|access-date=31 October 2021}}</ref>
|1990
|12,954
|-
|1991
|{{decrease}}12,468
|-
|1992
|{{decrease}}11,797
|-
|1993
|{{decrease}}11,031
|-
|1994
|{{decrease}}10,482
|-
|1995
|{{increase}}11,757
|-
|1996
|{{increase}}13,043
|-
|1997
|{{increase}}14,121
|-
|1998
|{{increase}}17,343
|-
|1999
|{{increase}}18,762
|-
|2000
|{{decrease}}17,079
|-
|2001
|{{decrease}}16,300
|-
|2002
|{{increase}}17,026
|-
|2003
|{{increase}}17,913
|-
|2004
|{{decrease}}16,658
|-
|2005
|{{increase}}16,750
|-
|2006
|{{increase}}17,650
|-
|2007
|{{increase}}18,354
|-
|2008
|{{increase}}20,684
|-
|2009
|{{increase}}24,497
|-
|2010
|{{decrease}}24,486
|-
|2011
|{{decrease}}24,000
|-
|2012
|{{decrease}}23,802
|-
|2013
|{{decrease}}22,881
|-
|2014
|{{increase}}23,202
|-
|2015
|{{decrease}}21,501
|-
|2016
|{{decrease}}20,349
|-
|2017
|{{decrease}}19,477
|-
|2018
|{{decrease}}17,208
|-
|2019
|{{decrease}}13,845
|-
|2020
|{{decrease}}13,139
|-
|2021
|{{decrease}}11,531
|-
|2022
|{{decrease}}9,403
|-
|2023
|{{decrease}}7,539
|-
|2024
|{{decrease}}6,500
|-
|2025
|{{decrease}}3,090
|}
</div>
<div style=display:inline-table>
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Before 1948<ref>{{cite web | url=https://masarykovaakademie.cz/knihy/zprava-o-cinnosti-ceskoslovenske-socialni-demokracie-strany-delnicke-v-letech-1933-1936-vydana-k-xviii-radnemu-sjezdu-v-praze-ve-dnech-15-az-17-kvetna-1937/ | title=Masarykova demokratická akademie – Zpráva o činnosti československé sociální demokracie strany dělnické v letech 1933-1936 vydaná k XVIII. řádnému sjezdu v Praze ve dnech 15. Až 17. Května 1937 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://masarykovaakademie.cz/knihy/protokol-xi-radneho-sjezdu-ceskoslovanske-socialne-demokraticke-strany-delnicke-kon-ve-dnech-7-8-a-9-prosince-1913-1913/ | title=Masarykova demokratická akademie – Protokol XI. řádného sjezdu českoslovanské sociálně-demokratické strany dělnické kon. Ve dnech 7., 8. A 9. Prosince 1913 (1913) }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pavlíček |first1=Václav |title=Politické strany po Únoru Příspěvek k problematice Národní fronty 1. část |date=1966 |publisher=Svobodné slovo |___location=Prague |page=98 |url=https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/mzk/uuid/uuid:ccec79d0-ca24-11e3-b110-005056827e51}}</ref>
|1913
|169,279
|-
|1932
|{{increase}}194,857
|-
|1935
|{{increase}}210,898
|-
|1947
|{{increase}}363,735
|}
</div>
; Further references
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/domaci/ods-ztratila-tri-tisice-clenu-babis-laka-vice-nez-peake.A130506_153744_domaci_hv|title = ODS ztratila tři tisíce členů, Babiš láká více než Peake|date = 6 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/domaci/pocty-clenu-politickych-stran-usvit.A140409_171109_domaci_hv|title = Počet členů ANO strmě roste, Okamurův Úsvit zamrzl na devíti členech|date = 11 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/ze-socialni-demokracie-odeslo-letos-dalsich-2-500-clenu-za-poslednich-9-let-jich-ubylo-vice-nez-10-tisic-76435|title=ČSSD nevzkvétá. Jen letos odešlo dalších 2 500 členů|website=Seznam Zprávy|date=25 July 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/cssd-vysycha-tradicni-zdroj-prisla-o-miliony-od-clenu-kteri-ji-opustili-98576|title=ČSSD vysychá tradiční zdroj. Přišla o miliony od členů, kteří ji opustili|website=Seznam Zprávy|date=8 April 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irozhlas.cz/zpravy-domov/politicke-strany-kscm-kdu-csl-ceska-piratska-strana-cssd-ano-spd-stan-top-09_2012301522_dok|title=Během posledního roku přišla sociální demokracie o 2000 členů. Novým hnutím naopak lidé přibývají|website=iROZHLAS|date=30 December 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/domaci/3344058-clenska-zakladna-ods-je-vetsi-nez-cssd-z-mladych-uskupeni-nejvice-roste-spd|title=Členská základna ODS je větší než ČSSD, z mladých uskupení nejvíce roste SPD|website=ČT24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/domaci/politicke-strany-clenove-nabory-levice-prisaha-spd.A210725_151427_domaci_stad|title=Politické strany na vymření. Mizí jim straníci, nejvíce těm z levice|date=27 July 2021|website=iDNES.cz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Během posledního roku přišla sociální demokracie o 2000 členů. Novým hnutím naopak lidé přibývají |url=https://www.irozhlas.cz/zpravy-domov/politicke-strany-kscm-kdu-csl-ceska-piratska-strana-cssd-ano-spd-stan-top-09_2012301522_dok |website=iROZHLAS |date=30 December 2020 |access-date=29 March 2021 |language=cs}}</ref>
== Election results ==
=== Cisleithanian elections ===
==== Imperial Council elections ====
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|-
! rowspan="2"| Date
! rowspan="2"| Leader
! colspan="2"| Votes
! colspan="3"| Seats
! rowspan="2"| Position
|-
! No.
! %
! No.
! ±
! Size
|-
! [[1907 Cisleithanian legislative election|1907]]
| [[Antonín Němec]]
| 389,960
| 8.5
| {{Composition bar|22|516|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 22
| 6th
| style="background:#fcc;" align=center | Opposition
|-
! [[1911 Cisleithanian legislative election|1911]]
| [[Antonín Němec]]
| 357,234
| 7.9
| {{Composition bar|25|516|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 3
| 4th
| style="background:#fcc;" align=center | Opposition
|}
=== Czechoslovakia wide elections ===
==== Legislative elections ====
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|-
! rowspan="2"| Date
! rowspan="2"| Leader
! colspan="2"| Votes
! colspan="3"| Seats
! rowspan="2"| Position
|-
! No.
! %
! No.
! ±
! Size
|-
! [[1920 Czechoslovak parliamentary election|1920]]
| [[Antonín Němec]]
| 1,590,520
| 25.7
| {{Composition bar|74|300|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 74
| 1st
| style="background:#bfd;" align=center | Coalition
|-
! [[1925 Czechoslovak parliamentary election|1925]]
| [[Antonín Hampl]]
| 632,403
| 8.9
| {{Composition bar|25|300|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{decrease}} 45
| 4th
| style="background:#bfd;" align=center | Coalition
|-
! [[1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election|1929]]
| [[Antonín Hampl]]
| 963,462
| 13
| {{Composition bar|39|300|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 10
| 2nd
| style="background:#fcc;" align=center | Opposition
|-
! [[1935 Czechoslovak parliamentary election|1935]]
| [[Antonín Hampl]]
| 1,032,773
| 12.6
| {{Composition bar|38|300|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{decrease}} 1
| 3rd
| style="background:#bfd;" align=center | Coalition
|-
! [[1946 Czechoslovak parliamentary election|1946]]
| [[Zdeněk Fierlinger]]
| 855,771
| 12.1
| {{Composition bar|37|300|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{decrease}} 1
| 5th
| style="background:#bfd;" align=center | Coalition
|-
! [[1948 Czechoslovak parliamentary election|1948]]
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" |as part of [[National Front (Czechoslovakia)|National Front]]
| {{Composition bar|23|300|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{decrease}} 14
| 3rd
| style="background:#bfd;" align=center | Bloc
|-
! [[1954 Czechoslovak parliamentary election|1954]]
| colspan="7" rowspan="7" {{CNone|''Illegal. Merged into [[Communist Party of Czechoslovakia|Communist Party]]. De jure in-exile.''}}
|-
! [[1960 Czechoslovak parliamentary election|1960]]
|-
! [[1964 Czechoslovak parliamentary election|1964]]
|-
! [[1971 Czechoslovak parliamentary election|1971]]
|-
! [[1976 Czechoslovak parliamentary election|1976]]
|-
! [[1981 Czechoslovak parliamentary election|1981]]
|-
! [[1986 Czechoslovak parliamentary election|1986]]
|-
! [[1990 Czechoslovak parliamentary election|1990]]
| [[Jiří Horák]]
| 342,455
| 3.2
| {{Composition bar|0|150|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{steady}} 0
| 9th
| style="background:Lightgray;"|No seats
|-
! [[1992 Czechoslovak parliamentary election|1992]]
| [[Valtr Komárek]]<br />[[Alexander Dubček]]
| 648,125
| 6.8
| {{Composition bar|10|150|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 10
| 4th
| style="background:#fcc;" align=center | Opposition
|}
=== Devolved assembly elections ===
==== Czech assembly elections ====
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|-
! rowspan="2"| Date
! rowspan="2"| Leader
! colspan="2"| Votes
! colspan="3"| Seats
! rowspan="2"| Position
|-
! No.
! %
! No.
! ±
! Size
|-
! [[1990 Czech legislative election|1990]]
| [[Jiří Horák]]
| 296,165
| 4.11
| {{Composition bar|0|200|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{steady}} 0
| 6th
| style="background:Lightgray;"|No seats
|-
! [[1992 Czech legislative election|1992]]
| [[Jiří Horák]]
| 422,736
| 6.53
| {{Composition bar|16|200|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 16
| 3rd
| style="background:#fcc;" align=center | Opposition
|-
|}
==== Slovak assembly elections ====
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|-
! rowspan="2"| Date
! rowspan="2"| Leader
! colspan="2"| Votes
! colspan="3"| Seats
! rowspan="2"| Position
|-
! No.
! %
! No.
! ±
! Size
|-
! [[1928 Slovak provincial election|1928]]
| [[Ivan Dérer]]
| 96,901
| 7.33
| {{Composition bar|4|54|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 4
| 4th
| {{partial|–}}
|-
! [[1935 Slovak provincial election|1935]]
| [[Ivan Dérer]]
| –
| 11.3
| {{Composition bar|4|54|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{steady}} 0
| 5th
| {{partial|–}}
|-
|}
=== Czech Republic wide elections===
[[File:Brno, Česká, Joštova, předvolební stánek ČSSD 2018-09-26 (18.17.12).jpg|thumb|Pre-election meeting of 2018]]
[[File:Brno, Veveří, předvolební plakát ČSSD 2019-05-14 18.59.27.jpg|thumb|Election poster with the text "Poor quality food has to get out of the game" in 2019]]
==== Legislative elections ====
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|-
! rowspan="2"| Date
! rowspan="2"| Leader
! colspan="2"| Votes
! colspan="3"| Seats
! rowspan="2"| Position
|-
! No.
! %
! No.
! ±
! Size
|-
! [[1996 Czech legislative election|1996]]
| [[Miloš Zeman]]
| 1,602,250
| 26.4
| {{Composition bar|61|200|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 45
| 2nd
| {{partial|External support}}
|-
! [[1998 Czech legislative election|1998]]
| [[Miloš Zeman]]
| 1,928,660
| 32.3
| {{Composition bar|74|200|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 13
| 1st
| style="background:#bfd;" align=center | Minority
|-
! [[2002 Czech legislative election|2002]]
| [[Vladimír Špidla]]
| 1,440,279
| 30.2
| {{Composition bar|70|200|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{decrease}} 4
| 1st
| style="background:#bfd;" align=center | Coalition
|-
! rowspan="2"|[[2006 Czech legislative election|2006]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Jiří Paroubek]]
| rowspan="2"|1,728,827
| rowspan="2"|32.3
| rowspan="2"| {{Composition bar|74|200|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| rowspan="2"| {{increase}} 4
| rowspan="2"| 2nd
| style="background:#fcc;" align=center | Opposition (2006–2009)
|-
| style="background:#bfd;" align=center | Coalition (2009–2010)
|-
! [[2010 Czech legislative election|2010]]
| [[Jiří Paroubek]]
| 1,155,267
| 22.1
| {{Composition bar|56|200|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{decrease}} 18
| 1st
| style="background:#fcc;" align=center | Opposition
|-
! [[2013 Czech legislative election|2013]]
| [[Bohuslav Sobotka]]
| 1,016,829
| 20.5
| {{Composition bar|50|200|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{decrease}} 6
| 1st
| style="background:#bfd;" align=center | Coalition
|-
! rowspan="2"|[[2017 Czech legislative election|2017]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Lubomír Zaorálek]]
| rowspan="2"|368,347
| rowspan="2"|7.3
| rowspan="2"|{{Composition bar|15|200|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| rowspan="2"|{{decrease}} 35
| rowspan="2"|6th
| style="background:#fcc;" align=center | Opposition (2017–2018)
|-
| style="background:#bfd;" align=center | Coalition (2018–2021)
|-
! [[2021 Czech legislative election|2021]]
| [[Jan Hamáček]]
| 250,397
| 4.7
| {{Composition bar|0|200|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{decrease}} 15
| 6th
| style="background:lightgray;" align=center | No seats
|}
==== Senate elections ====
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Election
!colspan=4|First round
!colspan=3|Second round
!rowspan=2|Seats
!rowspan=2|Total seats
!rowspan=2|Notes
|-
!Votes
!%
!Runners-up
!Place<sup>*</sup>
!Votes
!%
!Place<sup>*</sup>
|-
! [[1996 Czech Senate election|1996]]
|559,304||20.3 ||{{Composition bar|48|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||2nd||733,713||31.8||2nd||{{Composition bar|25|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||{{Composition bar|25|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || The whole Senate was elected. Only one third of Senate was elected in all subsequent elections.
|-
! [[1998 Czech Senate election|1998]]
|208,845 ||21.7 ||{{Composition bar|5|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 3rd ||121,700||22.7|| 3rd || {{Composition bar|3|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || {{Composition bar|23|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||
|-
! [[1999 Prague 1 by-election|1999]]
| 327 || 1.0 || {{Composition bar|0|1|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 5th || colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" | || {{Composition bar|0|1|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || {{Composition bar|23|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || By-election in Prague 1 district.
|-
! [[2000 Czech Senate election|2000]]
| 151,943 || 17.7 || {{Composition bar|5|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 3rd || 53,503 || 9.5 || 5th || {{Composition bar|1|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||{{Composition bar|15|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||
|-
! [[2002 Czech Senate election|2002]]
| 122,397 || 18.4 ||{{Composition bar|14|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 2nd || 224,386 || 27.3 || 2nd || {{Composition bar|7|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || {{Composition bar|11|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||
|-
! [[2003 Czech Senate by-elections|2003]]
| 2,424 || 6.8 || {{Composition bar|0|2|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 6th || colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" | || {{Composition bar|0|2|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || {{Composition bar|11|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || By-elections in Strakonice and Brno-city district.
|-
! [[2004 Czech Senate by-elections|2004]]
| 5,203 || 14.7 || {{Composition bar|1|2|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 3rd || 5,358 || 20.51 || 3rd ||{{Composition bar|0|2|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || {{Composition bar|11|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || By-elections in Prague 4 and Znojmo districts.
|-
! [[2004 Czech Senate election|2004]]
| 90,446 || 12.5 ||{{Composition bar|3|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 4th ||24,923 || 5.2 || 4th || {{Composition bar|0|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||{{Composition bar|7|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||
|-
! [[2006 Czech Senate election|2006]]
| 204,573 || 19.2 ||{{Composition bar|11|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 2nd || 120,127 || 20.9 || 2nd || {{Composition bar|6|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || {{Composition bar|13|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||
|-
! [[2007 Czech Senate by-elections|2007]]
|6,456 || 21.66 ||{{Composition bar|1|2|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 1st || 4,338 || 21.54 || 2nd ||{{Composition bar|1|2|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || {{Composition bar|13|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || By-elections for Chomutov and Přerov
|-
! [[2008 Czech Senate election|2008]]
| 347,759 || 33.2 ||{{Composition bar|26|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 1st || 459,829 || 55.9 || 1st || {{Composition bar|23|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||{{Composition bar|29|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||
|-
! [[2010 Czech Senate election|2010]]
| 290,090 || 25.3 ||{{Composition bar|22|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 1st || 299,526 || 44.0 || 1st || {{Composition bar|12|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || {{Composition bar|41|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||
|-
! [[2011 Kladno by-election|2011]]
| 12,088 || 44.3|| {{Composition bar|1|1|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 1st || 13,505 || 65.1 || 1st ||{{Composition bar|1|1|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||{{Composition bar|41|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}|| By-election in Kladno district
|-
! [[2012 Czech Senate election|2012]]
| 199,957 || 22.7 ||{{Composition bar|23|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 1st || 207,064 || 40.3 || 1st || {{Composition bar|13|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||{{Composition bar|46|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||
|-
! [[2014 Zlín by-election|2014]]
|3,695|| 16.1 || {{Composition bar|0|1|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 3rd || colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" | || {{Composition bar|0|1|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||{{Composition bar|46|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || By-election in Zlín district
|-
! [[2014 Czech Senate election|2014]]
| 226,239 || 22.0 ||{{Composition bar|19|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 1st || 165,629 || 35.0|| 1st || {{Composition bar|10|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||{{Composition bar|33|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||
|-
! [[2014 Prague 10 by-election|2014]]
| 2,092 || 16.8 || {{Composition bar|1|1|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 1st || 3,664 || 50.9 || 1st|| {{Composition bar|1|1|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || {{Composition bar|33|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || By-election in Prague 10 district, [[Ivana Cabrnochová]] was a [[Green Party (Czech Republic)|Green Party]] candidate supported by ČSSD
|-
! [[2016 Czech Senate election|2016]]
| 128,875 || 14.6 ||{{Composition bar|9|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 2nd || 55,622 || 13.1 || 3rd || {{Composition bar|2|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||{{Composition bar|25|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||
|-
! [[2018 Trutnov by-election|2018]]
| 1,294 || 5.7 || {{Composition bar|0|1|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 6th || colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" | || {{Composition bar|0|1|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || {{Composition bar|25|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || By-election in Trutnov district.
|-
! [[2018 Zlín by-election|2018]]
| 1,270 || 7.5 || {{Composition bar|0|1|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 6th || colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" | || {{Composition bar|0|1|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
|| {{Composition bar|25|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || By-election in Zlín district.
|-
! [[2018 Czech Senate election|2018]]
| 100,478 || 9.2 ||{{Composition bar|5|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 3rd || 33,887 || 8.10 || 6th || {{Composition bar|1|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||{{Composition bar|13|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||
|-
! [[2019 Prague 9 by-election|2019]]
| 2,674 || 13.9 || {{Composition bar|0|1|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 3rd || colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" | || {{Composition bar|0|1|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || {{Composition bar|13|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || By-election in Prague 9 district, [[Petr Daubner]] was a [[Czech Pirate Party]] candidate supported by ČSSD
|-
! [[2020 Czech Senate election|2020]]
| 81,105 || 8.1 ||{{Composition bar|3|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} || 5th || 18,175 || 4.0 || 8th || {{Composition bar|0|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||{{Composition bar|3|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||
|-
! [[2022 Czech Senate election|2022]]
| 43,870 || 3.9 ||{{Composition bar|1|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party (2021)}}}} || 7th || 10,344 || 2.2 || 9th || {{Composition bar|0|27|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||{{Composition bar|1|81|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}} ||
|-
! [[2024 Czech Senate election|2024]]
| 28,479 || 3.59 ||{{Composition bar|0|27|hex={{party color|Social Democracy (Czech Republic)}}}} || 7th || colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" | || {{Composition bar|1|27|hex={{party color|Social Democracy (Czech Republic)}}}} ||{{Composition bar|1|81|hex={{party color|Social Democracy (Czech Republic)}}}} ||
|}
; Notes
* In 1996, the whole Senate elected (81 seats), while in next elections only one third of seats is to be contested.
==== Presidential elections ====
{|class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
!rowspan="2"|Indirect election
!rowspan="2" colspan=2|Candidate
!colspan=3|First round result
!colspan=3|Second round result
!colspan=3|Third round result
|-
!Votes
!%
!Result
!Votes
!%
!Result
!Votes
!%
!Result
|-
|[[1998 Czech presidential election|1998]]
| bgcolor="grey" |
| [[Václav Havel]]
| 130
| 70.65
| {{depends|Runner-up}}
| 146
| 52.3
| {{yes2|Won}}
|colspan=3 align=center|—
|-
| rowspan=4|[[2003 Czech presidential election|2003]]
| rowspan=4; style="background-color: {{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}" width="2px"|
|-
| [[Jaroslav Bureš]]
| 46
| 17.04
| {{no2|Eliminated}}
|colspan=6 align=center|—
|-
| [[Miloš Zeman]]
| 83
| 30.18
| {{no2|Eliminated}}
|colspan=6 align=center|—
|-
| [[Jan Sokol (philosopher)|Jan Sokol]]
| 128
| 46.55
| {{depends|Runner-up}}
| 129
| 48.13
| {{depends|Runner-up}}
| 124
| 46.6
| {{no2|Lost}}
|-
| rowspan=2|[[2008 Czech presidential election|2008]]
| rowspan=2; style="background-color: {{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}" width="2px"|
| rowspan=2|[[Jan Švejnar]]
| 138
| 49.82
| {{depends|Runner-up}}
| 135
| 48.74
| {{depends|Runner-up}}
| 113
| 44.84
| {{no2|Lost}}
|-
| 128
| 49.10
| {{depends|Runner-up}}
| 141
| 47.19
| {{depends|Runner-up}}
| 111
| 44.05
| {{no2|Lost}}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
!rowspan="2"|Direct election
!rowspan="2" colspan=2|Candidate
!colspan=3|First round result
!colspan=3|Second round result
|-
!Votes
!%
!Result
!Votes
!%
!Result
|-
| [[2013 Czech presidential election|2013]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}" width="2px"|
| [[Jiří Dienstbier Jr.]]
| 829,297
| 16.12
| 4th
| colspan=3 align=center|''Supported [[Miloš Zeman]]''
|-
| [[2018 Czech presidential election|2018]]
| colspan=8 align=center style="background-color:lightgrey;"|''No candidate''
|-
| [[2023 Czech presidential election|2023]]
| bgcolor="grey" |
| [[Josef Středula]]
|colspan=6 align=center|''withdrawn''
|}
==== European Parliament elections ====
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center;font-size:100%;"
! Election
! List leader
! Votes
! %
! Seats
! +/−
! EP Group
|-
! [[2004 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic|2004]]
| [[Libor Rouček]]
| 204,903
| 8.78 (#5)
| {{Composition bar|2|25|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| New
| [[Group of the Party of European Socialists|PES]]
|-
! [[2009 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic|2009]]
| Jiří Havel
| 528,132
| 22.39 (#2)
| {{Composition bar|7|22|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 5
| rowspan=2 |[[Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats|S&D]]
|-
! [[2014 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic|2014]]
| [[Jan Keller]]
| 214,800
| 14.17 (#3)
| {{Composition bar|4|21|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{decrease}} 3
|-
! [[2019 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic|2019]]
| [[Pavel Poc]]
| 93,664
| 3.95 (#8)
| {{Composition bar|0|21|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{decrease}} 4
| rowspan=2 |−
|-
! [[2024 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic|2024]]
| [[Lubomír Zaorálek]]
| 55,260
| 1.86 (#9)
| {{Composition bar|0|21|hex={{party color|Social Democracy (Czech Republic)}}}}
| {{steady}} 0
|-
|}
==== Regional elections ====
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
! {{center|Election}}
! Votes
! %
! Councillors
|-
|[[2000 Czech regional elections|2000]]
|344,441
|14.67
|{{Composition bar|112|675|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
|-
|[[2004 Czech regional elections|2004]]
|297,083
|14.03
|{{Composition bar|105|675|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
|-
|[[2008 Czech regional elections|2008]]
|1,044,719
|35.86
|{{Composition bar|280|675|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
|-
|[[2012 Czech regional elections|2012]]
|621,961
|23.58
|{{Composition bar|205|675|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
|-
|[[2016 Czech regional elections|2016]]
| 386,150
| 15.25
|{{Composition bar|125|675|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
|-
|[[2020 Czech regional elections|2020]]
| 185,714
| 6.71
|{{Composition bar|37|675|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
|-
|[[2024 Czech regional elections|2024]]
| 83,829
| 3.52
|{{Composition bar|13|685|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
|}
==== Local elections ====
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
! {{center|Election}}
! %
! Councillors
|-
|[[1994 Czech municipal elections|1994]]
|8.7
|1,628
|-
|[[1998 Czech municipal elections|1998]]
|17.54
|4,259
|-
|[[2002 Czech municipal elections|2002]]
|15.57
|4,664
|-
|[[2006 Czech municipal elections|2006]]
|16.61
|4,331
|-
|[[2010 Czech municipal elections|2010]]
|19.68
|4,584
|-
|[[2014 Czech municipal elections|2014]]
|12.65
|3,773
|-
|[[2018 Czech municipal elections|2018]]
|5.17
|1,882
|-
|[[2022 Czech municipal elections|2022]]
|2.49
|799
|}
==== Prague municipal elections ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Leader
! Vote
! %
! Seats
! +/−
! Place
! Position
|-
! [[1990 Prague municipal election|1990]]
|
| 484,484
| 5.6
| {{Composition bar|5|76|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
|
| 4th
| style="background:#fcc;" align=center | Opposition
|-
! [[1994 Prague municipal election|1994]]
| [[Jiří Paroubek]]
| 2,435,279
| 8.6
| {{Composition bar|5|55|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{steady}}
| 4th
| style="background:#fcc;" align=center | Opposition
|-
! [[1998 Prague municipal election|1998]]
| [[Jiří Paroubek]]
| 363,917
| 17.5
| {{Composition bar|10|55|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{increase}}5
| 3rd
| style="background:#bfd;" align=center | Coalition
|-
! [[2002 Prague municipal election|2002]]
| [[Jiří Paroubek]]
| 656,936
| 14.7
| {{Composition bar|12|70|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{increase}}2
| 3rd
| style="background:#bfd;" align=center | Coalition
|-
! [[2006 Prague municipal election|2006]]
| [[Petra Buzková]]
| 4,197,631
| 15.9
| {{Composition bar|12|70|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{steady}}
| 2nd
| style="background:#fcc;" align=center | Opposition
|-
! [[2010 Prague municipal election|2010]]
| [[Jiří Dienstbier Jr.]]
| 615,209
| 17.9
| {{Composition bar|19|65|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{increase}}7
| 2nd
| style="background:#bfd;" align=center | Coalition
|-
! [[2014 Prague municipal election|2014]]
| [[Miloslav Ludvík]]
| 2,160,963
| 10.4
| {{Composition bar|8|65|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{decrease}}11
| 5th
| style="background:#bfd;" align=center | Coalition
|-
! [[2018 Prague municipal election|2018]]
| [[Jakub Landovský]]
| 727,826
| 2.9
| {{Composition bar|0|65|hex={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}}}}
| {{decrease}}8
| 8th
| style="background:Lightgray;"| No seats
|}
== Chairmen ==
[[File:J Hamáček 2015 Praha.JPG|thumb|Former leader [[Jan Hamáček]]]]
[[File:Miloš Zeman 2012-12-03 cropped.jpg|thumb|Former party leader [[Miloš Zeman]], President of the Czech Republic from 2013 to 2023]]
=== Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party in Austria ===
* [[Josef Boleslav Pecka]] (1878–1893)
* [[Josef Hybeš]] (1887–1893)
=== Czechoslavonic Social Democratic Workers' Party ===
* [[Josef Steiner (politician)|Josef Steiner]] (1893–1904)
* [[Antonín Němec]] (1904–1915)
* [[Bohumír Šmeral]] (1916–1917)
=== Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers' Party ===
* [[Antonín Němec]] (1917–1925)
* [[Antonín Hampl]] (1925–1938)
=== Czechoslovak Social Democracy ===
* [[Zdeněk Fierlinger]] (1945–1947)
* [[Bohumil Laušman]] (1947–1948)
=== Czechoslovak Social Democracy in-exile ===
* [[Blažej Vilím]] (1948)
* [[Václav Majer]] (1948–1972)
* [[Vilém Bernard]] (1972–1989)
* [[Karel Hrubý]]
=== Czechoslovak Social Democracy ===
* [[Slavomír Klaban]] (1989–1990)
* [[Jiří Horák]] (1990–1993)
=== Czech Social Democratic Party ===
* [[Miloš Zeman]] (28 February 1993 – April 2001)
* [[Vladimír Špidla]] (April 2001 – 26 July 2004)
* [[Stanislav Gross]] (26 July 2004 – 26 April 2005)
** [[Bohuslav Sobotka]] (2005–2006; ''acting'')
* [[Jiří Paroubek]] (2006–2010)
* [[Bohuslav Sobotka]] (2011–2017)
** [[Milan Chovanec]] (2017–2018; ''acting'')
* [[Jan Hamáček]] (2018–2021)
** [[Roman Onderka]] (2021; ''acting'')
* [[Michal Šmarda (politician)|Michal Šmarda]] (2021–2024)
* [[Jana Maláčová]] (since 2024)
== See also ==
* [[Bohumil Laušman]]
* [[
* [[Politics of the Czech Republic]]
==
{{notelist|30em}}
== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Czech Social Democratic Party}}
* {{official website}} {{in lang|cs}}
** [http://www.sonapa.cz/ Religious wing website]
** [http://sdz.socdem.cz/ Women wing website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080509075120/http://www.cssd.cz/english-version Party basic data in English]
{{Social Democracy (SOCDEM)}}
{{Party of European Socialists}}
{{Czech political parties}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Czech Social Democratic Party| ]]
[[Category:1878 establishments in Austria-Hungary]]
[[Category:Social democratic parties in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1878]]
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