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{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gawan
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24|37|06|N|85|56|51|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Giridih district|Giridih]]
| established_title = <!-- Established -->
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 336.76
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 346
| population_total = 115,962
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 815313 (Gawan)
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = 06556
| registration_plate = JH - 11
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kodarma (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kodarma]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Dhanwar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhanwar]]
| website = {{URL|giridih.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Gawan block''' is a [[Community Development Block in India|community development block (CD block)]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Khuri Mahua subdivision]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ranchi/jharkhand-gets-five-new-sub-divisions/article1-1190747.aspx| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140304220846/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ranchi/jharkhand-gets-five-new-sub-divisions/article1-1190747.aspx| url-status = dead| archive-date = March 4, 2014|title = Jharkhand gets five new sub-divisions| work= HT Ranchi|publisher= Hindustan Times, 4 March 2014| access-date = 6 October 2014}}</ref> of the [[Giridih district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].
==Overview==
Giridih is a plateau region. The western portion of the district is part of a larger central plateau. The rest of the district is a lower plateau, a flat table land with an elevation of about 1,300 feet. At the edges, the ghats drop to about 700 feet. The [[Pareshnath Hill]] or [[Shikharji]] rises to a height of 4,480 feet in the south-eastern part of the district. The district is thickly forested. Amongst the natural resources, it has coal and mica.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://giridih.nic.in/more_gir.html | title= Giridih district| work= Welcome to Giridih |publisher=Giridih district administration | access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.nativeplanet.com/giridih/attractions/parasnath-hill/ | title= Parashnath Hill, Giridih|publisher= Native Planet | access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref> Inaugurating the [[Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana]] in 2016, [[Raghubar Das]], Chief Minister of Jharkhand, had indicated that there were 23 [[lakh]] [[Below Poverty Line (India)|BPL]] families in Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/Chief-minister-launches-Ujjwal-scheme-in-Hazaribag/articleshow/55198362.cms | title= Chief Minister launches Ujjwal scheme in Hazaribag|publisher= The Times of India, 2 November 2016| access-date = 1 November 2017}}</ref> There was a plan to bring the BPL proportion in the total population down to 35%.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/stateplan/Presentations12_13/jharkhand12_13.pdf | title = State 12th Five Year Plan: State Annual Plan 2012-13 | work = State of Jharkhand | publisher = Jharkhand Planning Commission | access-date = 1 November 2017 | archive-date = 21 February 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160221235527/http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/stateplan/Presentations12_13/jharkhand12_13.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>
==Maoist activities==
Jharkhand is one of the states affected by [[Naxalite|Maoist]] activities. {{As of|2012}}, Giridih was one of the 14 highly affected districts in the state.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/maoist/Assessment/2013/Jharkhand.htm |title = Jharkhand Assessment 2013 | publisher= Satp | access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref>{{As of|2016}}, Giridih was identified as one of the 13 focus areas by the state police to check Maoist activities.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.eenaduindia.com/states/east/jharkhand/ranchi/2016/06/14073809/13-focus-areas-identified-in-Jharkhand-to-check-Maoist.vpf | title = 13 focus areas identified in Jharkhand to check Maoist activities | publisher = Eenadu Jndia, 14 June 2016 | access-date = 23 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170927113900/http://www.eenaduindia.com/states/east/jharkhand/ranchi/2016/06/14073809/13-focus-areas-identified-in-Jharkhand-to-check-Maoist.vpf | archive-date = 27 September 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref> In 2017, the Moists, in Giridih district, have torched more than 50 vehicles engaged in road construction or carrying goods.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-maoists-torch-9-vehicles-assault-labourers-in-jharkhand-s-giridih-district-384369 | title= Maoista torch 9 vehicles, assault labourers in Jharkhand's Giridih district | date= 2 June 2017 |publisher= India TV| access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref>
==Geography==
Gawan is located at {{coord|24|37|06|N|85|56|51|E}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wikimapia.org/5740893/Dharway-Gawan-Giridih|title = Dharway (Gawan) Giridih}}</ref>
Gawan CD block is bounded by Kawakole CD block, in [[Nawada district]] of Bihar, on the north, [[Tisri block|Tisri]] CD block on the east, [[Dhanwar (community development block)|Dhanwar]] CD block on the south and [[Satgawan (community development block)|Satgawan]] CD block, in Koderma district, on the west.<ref name=dchb1>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2004_PART_B_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title= 2011 District Census Handbook Giridih, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Map on Page 3 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/giridh.html | title= CD Block/ Tehsil Map of Giridih|publisher= Maps of India| access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref>
Gawan CD block has an area of 336.76 km<sup>2</sup>. It has 17 [[gram panchayat]]s, and 137 inhabited villages. [[Gawan, Giridih|Gawan]] police station serves this block.<ref name=stathandbook>{{cite web | url = http://desjharkhand.nic.in/publications.html | title = District Statistical Handbook, Giridih, Tables 2.4, 2.1 | publisher = Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Planning and Development, Jharkhand | access-date = 23 September 2017 }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at [[Gawan, Giridih|Gawan]]. 48.59% of the area has forest cover.<ref name=dchb1/><ref name=admin>{{cite web| url = http://giridih.nic.in/block.html |title = Giridih |publisher= District Administration, Giridih | access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref>
Rivers in Gawan CD block are: Sankh, Barki, Chakli, Sakri and Likhar.<ref name=admin/>
[[Gram panchayat]]s in Gawan CD block are: Pasnour, Manjhne, Birne, Amtaro, Gawan, Serua, Sankh, Patna, Badidih, Malda, Nagwan, Gadar, Kharsan, Pihara (E), Pihara (W), Nimadih and Jamdar.<ref name=admin/>
==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Gawan CD block had a total population of 115,962, all of which were rural. There were 59,039 (51%) males and 56,923 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 22,682. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 18,913 (16.31%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 5,295 (4.57%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-JK.html |title = 2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= Jharkhand – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref>
===Literacy===
{{As of|2011}} census the total number of literate persons in Gawan CD block was 56,848 (60.94% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 35,581 (75.10% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 21,267 (46.33% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 28.77%.<ref name=census2011/>
{{As of|2011}} census, literacy in Giridih district was 63.14% <ref name=censushandbook2011>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2004_PART_B_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title= District Census Handbook Giridih 2011 Series- 21, Part XII B |work= Page 17 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref> Literacy in Jharkhand was 66.41% in 2011.<ref name=censushandbook2011/> Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/literacy.php | title= Literacy in India| work= Census 2011 |publisher= Census population 2015 data | access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref>
See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]]
{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Giridh district|collapsible=y}}
===Language and religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Gawan CD block (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Jharkhand|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11377/download/14490/DDW20C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|80.60}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|18.85}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.55}}
|caption=<small>*mainly tribal religions like [[Sarnaism|Sarna]]</small>
}}
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Gawan block (2011)<ref name="language">{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10207/download/13319/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX|title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Jharkhand|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Khortha language|Khortha]] |value1 = 58.69 |color1 = red
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 30.88 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 5.63 |color3 = green
|label4 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value4 = 4.31 |color4 = darkturquoise
|label5 = Others |value5 = 0.49 |color5 = grey
}}
Khortha is the main spoken language. Hindi is the official language. Urdu and Santali are also spoken.
==Rural poverty==
40-50% of the population of Giridih district were in the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category in 2004–2005, being in the same category as Godda, Koderma and Hazaribagh districts.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhad, India| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Munich Personal RePEc Archive | access-date = 8 December 2020}}</ref> Rural poverty in Jharkhand declined from 66% in 1993–94 to 46% in 2004–05. In 2011, it has come down to 39.1%.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Jharkhand%20presentation.pdf | title = Eliminating poverty | publisher = Jharkhand government | access-date = 8 December 2020}}</ref>
==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood<br/>in Gawan CD block'''
|value1 = 39.23
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 35.17
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 2.81
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 22.79
|label4 = Other Workers}}
In Gawan CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 18,748 and formed 39.23%, agricultural labourers numbered 16,806 and formed 35.17%, household industry workers numbered 1,342 and formed 2.81% and other workers numbered 10,890 and formed 22.79%. Total workers numbered 47,786 and formed 41.21% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 68,186 and formed 58.79% of the population.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2004_PART_A_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title = District Census Handbook 2011 Giridih, Series 21, Part XII A| work = Tables 30 and 33, pages 52 and 58 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | access-date = 16 November 2017}}</ref>
<small>Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2004_PART_A_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title= District Census Handbook 2011 Giridih, Series 21 Part XII A | work= Pages 17-18 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 16 November 2017}}</ref></small>
===Infrastructure===
There are 137 inhabited villages in Gawan CD block. In 2011, 55 villages had power supply. No village had tap water (treated/ untreated), 133 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 129 villages had hand pumps, and all villages had drinking water facility. 16 villages had post offices, 10 villages had a sub post office, 3 villages had telephones (land lines) and 50 villages had mobile phone coverage. 135 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 45 villages had bus service (public/ private), 34 villages had [[Auto rickshaw|autos]]/ modified autos, and 90 villages had tractors. 11 villages had bank branches, 3 villages had agricultural credit societies, 1 village had cinema/ video halls, 1 village had public library and public reading room. 41 villages had [[public distribution system]], 5 villages had weekly haat (market) and 49 villages had [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] [[Polling place|polling stations]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2004_PART_A_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Giridih, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 1176-1178 Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 21 November 2017}}</ref>
===Agriculture===
Hills occupy a large portion of Giridih district. The soil is generally rocky and sandy and that helps jungles and bushes to grow. The forest area, forming a large portion of total area, in the district is evenly distributed all over. Some areas near the rivers have [[Alluvium|alluvial]] soil. In Gawan CD block, the percentage of cultivable area to total area is 17.24%. It is the lowest amongst all the CD blocks in the district. The percentage of cultivable area to the total area for the district as a whole is 27.04%. Irrigation is inadequate. The percentage of irrigated area to cultivable area in Gawan CD block is 20.02%, the highest amongst all CD blocks in the district. May to October is the [[Kharif crop|Kharif season]], followed by the [[Rabi crop|Rabi season]]. Rice, sown in 50% of the gross sown area, is the main crop in the district. Other important crops grown are: maize, wheat, sugar cane, pulses and vegetables.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2004_PART_A_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Giridih, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Page 9: Forest, flora and fauna, Page 11, Soil and cropping pattern, and Land use pattern, Page 73, Table 41: Distribution of villages according to land use | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 21 November 2017}}</ref>
===Mica mines===
Gawan and Tisri CD blocks have many mica mines.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://hirise.tradeindia.com/ |title = Company Profile|publisher= Hi Rise Mica Company | access-date = 8 November 2015}}</ref>
===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Giridih district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund created by the Government of India is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 23 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref>
==Education==
Gawan CD block had 17 villages with pre-primary schools, 114 villages with primary schools, 52 villages with middle schools, 6 villages with secondary schools, 2 villages with senior secondary schools, 22 villages with no educational facility.<ref name=directory>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2004_PART_A_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf| title= District Census Handbook Giridih, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Page 1175-1176 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 8 December 2020}}</ref>
<br/><small>.*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand</small>
==Healthcare==
Gawan CD block had 1 village had community health centre, 1 village with [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centre]], 20 villages with primary health subcentres, 2 villages with maternity and child welfare centre, 2 villages with allopathic hospitals, 8 villages with dispensaries, 2 villages with veterinary hospitals, 2 villages with family welfare centres, 6 villages with medicine shops.<ref name=directory/>
<br/><small>.*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included</small>
==References==
{{reflist|3}}
{{Blocks of Giridih district}}
{{North Chotanagpur Division topics}}
[[Category:Community development blocks in Giridih district]]
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