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{{Short description|none}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=December 2010}}
{{primary sources|date=December 2010}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Programming language lists}}
{{Dynamic list}}
This is a '''[[timeline]]''' of historically important '''[[programming language]]s'''.
This is a record of notable [[programming language]]s, by decade.
{{TOC_left}}
 
=== Legend =1790s==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
: ( Entry ) ''means a non-universal programming language''
|-
: * <YEAR> ''means a unique language (no direct predecessor)''
! Year
! Name
! Developer
! Predecessor(s)
|-
| 1790 <ref name=Knight>{{cite book|author=[[Edward H. Knight]]|year=1874–1875|chapter=<small><small>THE FIRST CENTURY OF THE REPUBLIC</small></small> (''Second Paper'') <small><small>MECHANICAL PROGRESS</small></small> Crompton's Fancy Loom|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t4c7AQAAMAAJ&dq=Jacquard+attachment+1801&pg=PA91|editor-last1=Alden|editor-first1=Henry Mills |editor1-link= Henry Mills Alden |title=Harper's New Monthly Magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t4c7AQAAMAAJ|volume=L|publisher=[[Harper & Brothers]]|publication-place=327-335 [[Pearl Street (Manhattan)|Pearl street]], [[Franklin Square (Manhattan)|Franklin Square]]|publication-date=1875 |page=91|access-date=|via=[[Cornell University Library]]: [[Google Books]] |quote=Jacquard, of Lyon, is reported to have conceived the idea in 1790, and in 1801 he received from the [[Exposition_des_produits_de_l%27industrie_française#2nd_exposition_(1801)|National Exposition]] a bronze medal for his invention of a machine for figure-[[weaving]], which he patented }}</ref>
| [[Jacquard loom]] (concept) <ref name=Knight/>
| [[Joseph Marie Jacquard]]
|
|- class="sortbottom"
|}
 
==1800s==
{{-}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! Developer
! Predecessor(s)
|-
| 1801 <ref name= Geselowitz>
*{{cite web|url=https://www.computerhistory.org/storageengine/punched-cards-control-jacquard-loom/|website=computerhistory.org|title=The Jacquard Loom: A Driver of the Industrial Revolution|date=|publisher=[[ Computer History Museum]]|access-date=|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=|quote=In Lyon, France, Joseph Marie Jacquard (1752-1834) demonstrated in 1801 a loom that enabled unskilled workers to weave complex patterns in silk.}}
*{{cite web|author=Michael N Geselowitz|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-jacquard-loom-a-driver-of-the-industrial-revolution|website=ieee.org|title=1801: Punched cards control Jacquard loom|date=1 Jan 2019|publisher=[[IEEE]]|access-date=|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=|quote=At an industrial exhibition in Paris in 1801, Jacquard demonstrated }}
*{{cite web|url=https://passerelles.essentiels.bnf.fr/fr/chronologie/article/06fe304e-561f-4b9d-bf32-24339fae5877-metier-tisser-jacquard|website=bnf.fr|title=Métier à tisser de Jacquard|date=|publisher=[[Bibliothèque nationale de France|BnF]]|access-date=|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=|quote=En 1801, cet ingénieur de Lyon équipe le métier à tisser d’un mécanisme en fonte qui sélectionne les fils de chaîne grâce à un programme inscrit sur une carte perforée.}}
*{{cite book|year=1888|chapter=BROCADE|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vjxKAAAAYAAJ&dq=Jacquard+attachment+1801&pg=PA746|___location=|editor1-link= Thomas Spencer Baynes |title=Supplement to Encyclopedia Britannica. (<small><small>NINTH EDITION.</small></small>) <small><small>A DICTIONARY OF ARTS SCIENCES AND GENERAL LITERATURE</small></small> |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vjxKAAAAYAAJ|volume=1|edition=9|publication-place=|publisher=[[H.G. Allen]]|publication-date= 1833 |access-date=|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=Until the invention of the Jacquard attachment to the loom in the year 1801, embroidered silk goods were called brocades.}}</ref>
| [[Jacquard machine]] (implementation) <ref name= Geselowitz/>
| Joseph Marie Jacquard
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|- class="sortbottom"
|}
 
==1830s==
{|class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
| '''Predecessor(s)'''
! Name
| '''Year'''
! Developer
| '''Name'''
! Predecessor(s)
| '''Chief developer''', '''Company'''
|-
| 1837 <ref name=Rojas>{{cite web|author=Raul Rojas|url=https://cacm.acm.org/research/the-first-computer-program/|website=acm.org|title=The First Computer Program|date=13 May 2024|publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]]|access-date=|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=}}</ref>
! colspan="4" |
| BAB L1 <ref name=Rojas/>
| [[Charles Babbage]]
| Jacquard <ref name=HollingsMartinRice>{{cite web|author1=Christopher Hollings|author2= Ursula Martin |author3=Adrian Rice|url=https://blogs.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/adalovelace/2018/07/26/ada-lovelace-and-the-analytical-engine/|website=[[Bodleian Library|bodleian.ox.ac.uk]]|title=Ada Lovelace and the Analytical Engine |date=26 July 2018|publisher=[[University of Oxford]]|access-date=|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=}}</ref>
|- class="sortbottom"
|}
==1840s==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! Developer
! Predecessor(s)
|-
| 1843 <ref name=HollingsMartinRice/><ref>{{cite web|author1=Amy Ackerberg-Hastings|author2= Hardy Grant|url=https://notes.math.ca/en/article/ada-lovelace-new-light-on-her-mathematics/|website=math.ca|title=CMS Notes|date=|publisher=[[Canadian Mathematical Society]]|access-date=|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=}}</ref>
| [[Note G]] <ref>{{cite web|author=Anna Siffert|url=https://www.mpg.de/female-pioneers-of-science/Ada-Lovelace|website=mpg.de|title=Ada Lovelace and the first computer programme in the world|date=|publisher=[[Max-Planck-Gesellschaft]]|access-date=|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=}}(ed.: ''[[erratum]]/[[corrigendum]]'': "1848")</ref><ref name=HollingsMartinRice/>
| [[Ada Lovelace]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|- class="sortbottom"
|}
 
=== Pre 1950 =1870s==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
| *
! Name
| [[circa|~]]1837
! Developer
| ''[[Analytical Engine|Analytical Engine order code]]''
! Predecessor(s)
| [[Charles Babbage]] and [[Ada Lovelace]]
|-
| *1879
| [[Begriffsschrift]] <ref>{{cite book|last1=Shapiro|first1=Alan N.|author-link1=Alan N. Shapiro|chapter=Introduction|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyMMEQAAQBAJ&dq=1879+Begriffsschrift+history+of+programming+language&pg=PA20|title=Decoding Digital Culture with Science Fiction Hyper-Modernism, Hyperreality, and Posthumanism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyMMEQAAQBAJ|page=20|publication-place=|publisher=transcript Verlag|publication-date=2024 |isbn=9783839472422|issn=|url-status=|access-date=|quote=logic that enabled the invention of the digital-binary computer by Alan Turing" - "began with Gottlob Frege's ''Begriffsschrift''}}</ref>
| 1943-5
| [[Gottlob Frege]]
| '''[[Plankalkül]]''' (concept)
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|- class="sortbottom"
|}
 
==1940s==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|-
| 1943–45/46 <ref>{{cite book|last1=Zuse|first1=Konrad|author-link1=|chapter=Chapter 6|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ro5JOskbChAC&q=Plankalk%C3%BCl|editor-last1=Wössner|editor-first1=Hans |editor1-link=Hans Wössner|page=101|trans-title=The Computer - My Life|title=Der Computer – Mein Lebenswerk|url=|series=|language=|volume=|edition=|translator-last1=McKenna |translator-first1=Patricia |translator-link1= |translator-last2=Ross|translator-first2=J Andrew |publication-place=Berlin Heidelberg|publisher=[[Springer Science & Business Media]]|publication-date=28 September 1993 |isbn=3540564535|issn=|url-status=|access-date=|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=The work on the ''Plankalkül'' was completed in the years 1945/46 and I had no opportunity whatsoever to publish.}}</ref>
| [[Plankalkül]]
| [[Konrad Zuse]]
| {{n/a|{{nwr|none (unique language)}}}}
|-
| 1943–46
| *
| [[ENIAC|ENIAC coding system ]]
| 1943-6
| [[John von Neumann]], [[John Mauchly]], [[J. Presper Eckert]], and [[Herman Goldstine]] after [[Alan Turing]]
| '''[[ENIAC coding system]]'''
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
| [[John von Neumann]], [[John Mauchly]], [[J. Presper Eckert]], [[Herman Goldstine]] after [[Alan Turing]]
|-
| ENIAC coding system
| 1946
| '''[[ENIAC#Programming languages|ENIAC Short Code]]'''
| [[Richard Clippinger]], [[and John von Neumann]] after [[Alan Turing]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1947–52
| ENIAC coding system
| [[Kathleen Booth#Career|ARC/Birkbeck Assembler]]
| 1946
| '''[[Von Neumann and Goldstine graphing system]]''' (Notation)
| [[John von Neumann]] and [[Herman Goldstine]]
|-
| ENIAC coding system
| 1947
| '''[[ARC Assembly]]'''
| [[Kathleen Booth]]
| ENIAC Short Code<ref>{{cite web |title=ARC - Assembler for Booth |url=https://hopl.info/showlanguage.prx?exp=4929 |website=hopl.info |access-date=11 October 2022}}</ref>
|-
| Analytical Engine order code
| 1948
| Plankalkül (year of publication)
| '''[[CPC Coding scheme]]'''
| Konrad Zuse
| [[Howard Aiken]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 1949
| [[EDSAC#System software|EDSAC Initial Orders]]
| [[David Wheeler (computer scientist)|David Wheeler]]
| ENIAC coding system
| 1948
| '''[[Curry notation system]]'''
| [[Haskell Curry]]
|-
| [[Short Code (computer language)|Short Code]] (originally known<br>as Brief Code)
| John Mauchly and William F. Schmitt
| ENIAC Short Code
|- class="sortbottom"
| 1949
! Year
| '''[[Brief Code]]'''
! Name
| [[John Mauchly]] and [[William F. Schmitt]]
! Chief developer, company
|-
! Predecessor(s)
| ENIAC Short Code
|}
| 1949
| '''C-10'''
| [[Betty Holberton]]
|-
| CPC Coding scheme
| 1949
| '''[[Seeber coding scheme]]''' (concept)
| [[Robert Seeber]]
|-
! colspan="4" |
 
== 1950 onward 1950s==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
=== 1950s ===
|-
! Year
|Brief Code
! Name
|1950
! Chief developer, company
|'''[[Short Code (Computer language)|Short Code]]'''
! Predecessor(s)
| [[William F Schmidt]], [[A.B. Tonik]], [[J.R. Logan]]
|-
| ARC
| 1950
| [[Short Code (computer language)|Short Code]] (for UNIVAC&nbsp;I)
| '''[[Birkbeck Assembler]]'''
| William F. Schmitt
| [[Kathleen Booth]]
| Short Code
|-
|rowspan=7 | 1951
| Plankalkül
| [[Superplan]]
| 1951
| '''[[Superplan]]'''
| [[Heinz Rutishauser]]
| Plankalkül
|-
| *ALGAE
| Edward A. Voorhees, Karl Balke
| 1951
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
| '''[[ALGAE]]'''
| [[Edward A Voorhees]] and [[Karl Balke]]
|-
| Intermediate Programming Language
| Short Code
| 1951
| '''[[Intermediate Programming Language]]'''
| [[Arthur Burks]]
| Short Code
|-
| Boehm unnamed coding system
| EDSAC
| [[Corrado Böhm]]
| 1951
| CPC Coding scheme
| '''[[Regional Assembly Language]]'''
| [[Maurice Wilkes]]
|-
| [[Aiken CPC system]]
| 1951
| '''[[Boehm unnamed coding system]]'''
| [[Corrado Boehm]]
|-
| Klammerausdrücke
| Plankalkül
| 1951
| '''[[Klammerausdrücke]]'''
| [[Konrad Zuse]]
| Plankalkül
|-
| Stanislaus (Notation)
| Short Code
| 1951
| '''[[OMNIBAC Symbolic Assembler]]'''
| [[Charles Katz]]
|-
| *
| 1951
| '''[[Stanislaus (programming language)|Stanislaus]]''' (Notation)
| [[Friedrich L. Bauer|Fritz Bauer]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| [[Sort Merge Generator]]
| EDSAC
| [[Betty Holberton]]
| 1951
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
| '''[[Whirlwind assembler]]'''
| [[Charles Adams (programmer)|Charles Adams]] and [[Jack Gilmore]] at [[MIT]] [[Project Whirlwind]]
|-
|rowspan=6 |1952
| EDSAC
| [[Short Code (computer language)|Short Code]] (for UNIVAC&nbsp;II)
| 1951
| Albert B. Tonik,<ref>[http://purl.umn.edu/104288 UNIVAC conference], [[Charles Babbage Institute]], University of Minnesota. 171-page transcript of oral history with computer pioneers, including Albert B. Tonik, involved with the [[Univac]] computer, held on 17–18 May 1990.</ref> J. R. Logan
| '''[[Rochester assembler]]'''
| Short Code (for UNIVAC&nbsp;I)
| [[Nat Rochester]]
|-
| [[A-0 System|A-0]]
| *
| 1951
| '''[[Sort Merge Generator]]'''
| [[Betty Holberton]]
|-
| C-10 and Short Code
| 1952
| '''[[A-0 (programming language)|A-0]]'''
| [[Grace Hopper]]
| Short Code
|-
| [[Autocode|Glennie Autocode]]
| Aiken CPC
| [[Alick Glennie]]
| 1952
| CPC Coding scheme
| '''[[Autocode]]'''
| [[Alick Glennie]] after [[Alan Turing]]
|-
| Operator programming
| SORT/MERGE
| [[Alexey Andreevich Lyapunov]] with the participation [[Kateryna Yushchenko (scientist)|Kateryna Yushchenko]]
| 1952
| '''[[Editing GeneratorMESM]]'''
|-
| Editing Generator
| [[Milly Koss]]
| SORT/MERGE
|-
| *COMPOOL
| RAND/SDC
| 1952
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
| '''[[COMPOOL]]'''
| [[RAND/SDC]]
|-
|rowspan=2 |1953
| *
| [[Speedcoding]]
| 1953
| [[John Backus|John W. Backus]]
| '''[[Speedcoding]]'''
| {{n/a|none (unique language}}
| John Backus
|-
| READ/PRINT
| *
| Don Harroff, James Fishman, George Ryckman
| 1953
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
| '''[[READ/PRINT]]'''
| Don Harroff, James Fishman, George Ryckman
|-
|rowspan=6 |1954
| *
| [[Laning and Zierler system]]
| 1954
| [[J. Halcombe Laning]], Niel Zierler, Adams at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] [[Whirlwind (computer)|Project Whirlwind]]
| '''[[Laning and Zierler system]]'''
| {{n/a|none (unique language}}
| Laning, Zierler, Adams at [[MIT]] [[Project Whirlwind]]
|-
| [[Autocode|Mark I Autocode]]
| [[Tony Brooker]]
| Glennie Autocode
| 1954
| '''[[Mark I Autocode]]'''
| [[Tony Brooker]]
|-
| Speedcoding
| 1954-1955
| '''[[FORTRAN|FORTRAN "0"]]''' (concept)
| Team led by [[John Backus|John W. Backus]] at [[IBM]]
|-
| [[ARITH-MATIC]]
| A-0
| 1954
| '''[[ARITH-MATIC]]'''
| Team led by [[Grace Hopper]] at UNIVAC
|rowspan=2 |A-0
|-
| [[MATH-MATIC]]
| A-0
| Team led by [[Charles Katz]]
| 1954
| '''[[MATH-MATIC]]'''
| Team led by [[Grace Hopper]] at UNIVAC
|-
| MATRIX MATH
| *
| 1954
| '''[[MATRIX MATH]]'''
| H G Kahrimanian
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| [[Information Processing Language|IPL I]] (concept)
| *
| [[Allen Newell]], [[Cliff Shaw]], [[Herbert A. Simon]]
| 1954
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
| '''[[Information Processing Language|IPL I]]''' (concept)
| [[Allen Newell]], [[Cliff Shaw]], [[Herbert Simon]]
|-
| 1954–55
| A-0
| [[Fortran|FORTRAN]] (concept)
| 1955
| Team led by [[John Backus|John W. Backus]] at [[IBM]]
| '''[[FLOW-MATIC]]'''
| Speedcoding
|-
|rowspan=6 |1955
| [[Address (programming language)|Address programming language]]
| [[Kateryna Yushchenko (scientist)|Kateryna Yushchenko]]
| Operator programming
|-
| [[FLOW-MATIC]]
| Team led by [[Grace Hopper]] at UNIVAC
| A-0
|-
| BACAIC
| M. Grems, R. Porter
| 1955
|
| '''BACAIC'''
| M. Grems and R. Porter
|-
| [[PACT I]]
| [[SHARE (computing)|SHARE]]
| FORTRAN, A-2
| 1955
| '''[[PACT I]]'''
| [[SHARE]]
|-
| Freiburger Code<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pl.attitu.de/zuse/technik/freiburger.html|title=Der Freiburger Code auf der Zuse|language=de|access-date=26 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.horst-zuse.homepage.t-online.de/seite51.html|title=Z22|author=H. Zuse|access-date=26 October 2014}}</ref>
| Boehm
| [[University of Freiburg]]
| 1955-6
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
| '''[[Sequentielle Formelübersetzung]]'''
| [[Friedrich L. Bauer|Fritz Bauer]] and Karl Samelson
|-
| PRINT
| Laning and Zerler
| 1955-6
| '''[[Internal Translator|IT]]'''
| Team led by [[Alan Perlis]]
|-
|
| 1955
| '''PRINT'''
| IBM
|
|-
|rowspan=2 |1955–56
| IPL I
| Sequentielle Formelübersetzung
| 1958
| [[Friedrich L. Bauer|Fritz Bauer]], Karl Samelson
| '''[[Information Processing Language|IPL II]]''' (implementation)
| Boehm
| [[Allen Newell]], [[Cliff Shaw]], [[Herbert Simon]]
|-
| IPLIT
| Team led by [[Alan Perlis]]
| 1956-1958
| Laning and Zierler
| '''[[Lisp (programming language)|LISP]]''' (concept)
|-
| 1956–58
| [[Lisp (programming language)|LISP]] (concept)
| [[John McCarthy (computer scientist)|John McCarthy]]
| IPL
|-
|rowspan=4 |1957
| FLOW-MATIC
| [[COMTRAN]]
| 1957
| '''[[COMTRAN]]'''
| [[Bob Bemer]]
| FLOW-MATIC
|-
| [[GEORGE (programming language)|GEORGE]]
| FORTRAN 0
| [[Charles Leonard Hamblin]]
| 1957
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
| '''[[FORTRAN|FORTRAN "I"]]''' (implementation)
|-
| [[FORTRAN I]] (implementation)
| [[John Backus|John W. Backus]] at [[IBM]]
| FORTRAN
|-
| [[COMIT]] (concept)
| MATH-MATIC
| [[Victor Yngve]]
| 1957-1958
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
| '''UNICODE'''
| Remington Rand UNIVAC
|-
| 1957–58
| *
| 1957UNICODE
| Remington Rand UNIVAC
| '''[[COMIT]]''' (concept)
| MATH-MATIC
|-
|rowspan=4 |1958
| FORTRAN I
| [[Fortran#FORTRAN II|FORTRAN II]]
| 1958
| '''[[Fortran #FORTRAN II|FORTRAN II]]'''
| Team led by [[John Backus|John W. Backus]] at [[IBM]]
| FORTRAN I
|-
| [[ALGOL 58]] (IAL)
| FORTRAN, IT and Sequentielle Formelübersetzung
| 1958
| '''[[ALGOL (programming language)|ALGOL 58]]''' ('''[[IAL]]''')
| ACM/GAMM
| FORTRAN, IT, Sequentielle Formelübersetzung
|-
| [[Information Processing Language|IPL II]] (implementation)
| [[Allen Newell]], [[Cliff Shaw]], [[Herbert A. Simon]]
| IPL I
|-
| [[Information Processing Language|IPL V]]
| [[Allen Newell]], [[Cliff Shaw]], [[Herbert A. Simon]]
| IPL II
| 1958
| '''[[Information Processing Language|IPL V]]'''
| [[Allen Newell]], [[Cliff Shaw]], [[Herbert Simon]]
|-
|rowspan=7 |1959
| FLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN
| [[APT (programming language)|APT]]
| 1959
| [[Douglas T. Ross]]
| '''[[COBOL]]''' (concept)
|
| The [[Codasyl]] Committee
|-
| [[FACT computer language|FACT]]
| ALGOL 58
| [[Fletcher R. Jones]], [[Roy Nutt]], Robert L. Patrick
| 1959
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
| '''[[JOVIAL]]'''
|-
| [[COBOL]] (concept)
| The [[CODASYL]] Committee
| FLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN, FACT
|-
| [[JOVIAL]]
| [[Jules Schwartz]] at [[System Development Corporation|SDC]]
| [[ALGOL 58]]
|-
| [[Lisp (programming language)|LISP]] (implementation)
| [[Steve Russell (computer scientist)|Steve Russell]]
| IPL
| 1959
| '''[[Lisp (programming language)|LISP]]''' (implementation)
| [[John McCarthy (computer scientist)|John McCarthy]]
|-
| [[MAD (programming language)|MAD – Michigan Algorithm Decoder]]
|
| [[Bruce Arden]], [[Bernard Galler]], [[Robert M. Graham (computer scientist)|Robert M. Graham]]
| 1959
| [[ALGOL 58]]
| '''[[TRAC (programming language)|TRAC]]''' (concept)
| [[Calvin Mooers|Mooers]]
|-
| [[TRAC (programming language)|TRAC]] (concept)
! colspan="4" |
| [[Calvin Mooers]]
|
|- class="sortbottom"
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|}
 
=== 1960s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|-
| ALGOL 58
| 1960
| '''[[ALGOL 60]]'''
|
| ALGOL 58
|-
| 1960
| [[COBOL]] 61 (implementation)
| The [[CODASYL]] Committee
| FLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN
|-
| 1960
| [[SAKO (programming language)|SAKO]]
| '''[[COBOL|COBOL 61]]''' (implementation)
| Leon Łukaszewicz, ''et al.'', [[Polish Academy of Sciences]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Łukaszewicz |first=Leon |date=1961-01-01 |title=SAKO—An automatic coding system |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0066413861800086 |journal=Annual Review in Automatic Programming |language=en |volume=2 |pages=161–176 |doi=10.1016/S0066-4138(61)80008-6 |issn=0066-4138|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
| The [[Codasyl]] Committee
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| *
| 1961
| '''[[COMIT]]''' (implementation)
| [[Victor Yngve]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1961
| FORTRAN II
| [[GPSS]]
| 1962
| Geoffrey Gordon, [[IBM]]
| '''[[Fortran|FORTRAN IV]]'''
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| *
| 1962
| [[Fortran#FORTRAN IV|FORTRAN IV]]
| '''[[APL (programming language)|APL]]''' (concept)
| [[IBM]]
| [[Kenneth E. Iverson|Iverson]]
| FORTRAN II
|-
| ALGOL 58
| 1962
| '''[[MADAPL (programming language)|MADAPL]]''' (concept)
| [[Kenneth E. Iverson]]
| [[Bruce Arden|Arden]], ''et al.''
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| ALGOL 60
| 1962
| '''[[SIMULASimula]]''' (concept)
| [[Ole-Johan Dahl]] (mostly)
| ALGOL 60
|-
| 1962
| [[SNOBOL]]
| [[Ralph Griswold]], ''et al.''
| FORTRAN II, COMIT
| 1962
| '''[[SNOBOL]]'''
| [[Ralph Griswold|Griswold]], ''et al.''
|-
| 1963
| [[CPL (programming language)|Combined Programming Language]] (CPL) (concept)
| Barron, [[Christopher Strachey]], ''et al.''
| ALGOL 60
| 1963
| '''[[Combined Programming Language|CPL]]'''
| Barron, [[Christopher Strachey|Strachey]], ''et al.''
|-
| SNOBOL
| 1963
| '''[[SNOBOL|SNOBOL3]]'''3
| [[Ralph Griswold|Griswold]], ''et al.''
| SNOBOL
|-
| ALGOL 60
| 1963
| '''[[ALGOL|ALGOL 68]]''' (concept)
| [[Adriaan van Wijngaarden|van Wijngaarden]], ''et al.''
| ALGOL 60
|-
| ALGOL 58
| 1963
| '''[[JOSS|JOSS]] I]]'''
| Cliff Shaw, [[RAND Corporation|RAND]]
| ALGOL 58
|-
| MIDAS
| 1964
| '''[[MIMIC]]'''
| [[H. E. Petersen]], ''et al.''
| MIDAS
|-
| CPL, LISP
| 1964
| '''[[COWSEL]]'''
| [[Rod Burstall|Burstall]], [[Robin Popplestone|Popplestone]]
| CPL, LISP
|-
| 1964
| [[PL/I]] (concept)
| [[IBM]]
| ALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN
|-
| 1964
| [[Basic Assembly Language]]
| '''[[PL/I]]''' (concept)
| [[IBM]]
| Assembly language
|-
| FORTRAN II, JOSS
| 1964
| '''[[BASIC (programming language)|BASIC]]'''
| [[John Kemeny|George Kemeny]] and, [[Thomas Eugene Kurtz|Kurtz]] at [[Dartmouth College]]
| FORTRAN II, JOSS
|-
| FARGO
| 1964
| '''[[IBM RPG]]'''
| [[IBM]]
| FARGO
|-
|
| 1964
| '''[[MARK- IV (Softwaresoftware)|Mark-IV]]'''
| [[Sterling Software|Informatics]]
|-
|
|-
| 1964
| [[Speakeasy (computational environment)|Speakeasy-2]]
| '''[[TRAC (programming language)|TRAC]]''' (implementation)
| Stanley Cohen at [[Argonne National Laboratory]]
| [[Calvin Mooers|Mooers]]
| Speakeasy
|-
| 1964
| [[TRAC (programming language)|TRAC]] (implementation)
| [[Calvin Mooers]]
|
|-
| 1964
| [[P′′]]
| [[Corrado Böhm]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1964?
| '''[[IITRAN]]'''
|
|
|-
| 1965
| [[RPG II]]
| [[IBM]]
| [[FARGO]], [[IBM RPG|RPG]]
|-
| 1965
| [[MAD (programming language)|MAD/I]] (concept)
| [[University of Michigan]]
| [[MAD (programming language)|MAD]], [[ALGOL 60]], [[PL/I]]
|-
| 1965
| [[TELCOMP]]
| [[BBN Technologies|BBN]]
| JOSS
|-
| 1965
| '''[[TELCOMPAtlas Autocode]]'''
| [[Tony Brooker]], Derrick Morris at [[Manchester University]]
| [[Bolt, Beranek and Newman|BBN]]
| [[ALGOL 60]], [[Autocode]]
|-
| 1965
| [[PL360]] (concept)
| [[Niklaus Wirth]]
| [[ALGOL 60]], [[Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language|ESPOL]]
|-
| JOSS I
| 1966
| '''[[JOSS|JOSS II]]'''
| Chuck Baker, [[RAND]]
| JOSS I
|-
| ALGOL 60
| 1966
| '''[[ALGOL W]]'''
| [[Niklaus Wirth]], [[C. A. R. Hoare]] <!-- "A Contribution to the Development of Algol" in [ACM] (1966) [ACM] CACM 9(06) June 1966 -->
| ALGOL 60
|-
| FORTRAN IV
| 1966
| '''[[Fortran|FORTRAN 66]]'''
| [[John Backus]] and his team
|
| FORTRAN IV
|-
| LISP
| 1966
| ''' [[ISWIM|ISWIM]] (Conceptconcept)]]'''
| [[Peter J. Landin|Landin]]
| LISP
|-
| 1966
| [[CORAL]] 66
| I. F. Currie, M. Griffiths
| ALGOL 60
|-
| 1966
| [[APL (programming language)|APL]] (implementation)<ref>{{cite web|last=Smillie|first=Keith|url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/iverson_9147499.cfm |title=Kenneth E. Iverson – A.M. Turing Award Winner |publisher=ACM}}</ref>
| '''[[CORAL66]]'''
| [[Kenneth E. Iverson]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| CPL
| 1967
| '''[[BCPL]]'''
| [[Martin Richards (computer scientist)|Martin Richards]]
| CPL
|-
| FORTRAN, TELCOMP
| 1967
| '''[[MUMPS]]'''
| [[Massachusetts General Hospital]]
| FORTRAN, TELCOMP
|-
| *
| 1967
| '''[[APL (programming language)|APLSimula]]''' 67 (implementation)
| [[Ole-Johan Dahl]], Bjørn Myhrhaug, [[Kristen Nygaard]] at [[Norwegian Computing Center|Norsk Regnesentral]]
| [[Kenneth E. Iverson|Iverson]]
| ALGOL 60
|-
| ALGOL 60
| 1967
| [[Interlisp]]
| '''[[Simula|SIMULA 67]]''' (implementation)
| D.G. Bobrow and D.L. Murphy
| [[Ole-Johan Dahl|Dahl]], [[Bjørn Myhrhaug|Myhrhaug]], [[Kristen Nygaard|Nygaard]] at [[Norsk Regnesentral]]
| Lisp
|-
| SNOBOL3
| 1967
| '''[[SNOBOL|SNOBOL4EXAPT]]'''
| Herwart Opitz, Wilhelm Simon, Günter Spur, and Gottfried Stute at [[RWTH Aachen University]] and [[TU Berlin]]
| [[Ralph Griswold|Griswold]], ''et al.''
| [[APT (programming language)|APT]]
|-
| PL/I
| 1967
| '''[[XPLSNOBOL]]'''4
| [[Ralph Griswold]], ''et al.''
| [[W. M. Mckeeman]], ''et al.'' at [[University Of California]] [[Santa Cruz, California]]<br/>[[J. J. Horning]], ''et al.'' at [[Stanford University]]
| SNOBOL3
|-
| 1967
| [[XPL]]
| William M. McKeeman, ''et al.'' at [[University of California, Santa Cruz]]<br />[[Jim Horning|J. J. Horning]], ''et al.'' at [[Stanford University]]
| PL/I
|-
| ALGOL 60
| 1968
| '''[[ALGOL 68]]''' ([[UNESCO]]/[[International Federation for Information Processing|IFIP]] standard)
| [[Adriaan van Wijngaarden|A. van Wijngaarden]], [[Barry J. Mailloux|B.J. Mailloux]], [[John E. L. Peck|J.E.L. Peck]] and [[Cornelis H.A. Koster|C.H.A. Koster]], ''et al.'' <!-- The final version, MR 101, was adopted by the Working Group on December20 20thDecember 1968 in Munich, and was subsequently approved for publication by the General Assembly of I.F.I.P. -->
| ALGOL 60
|-
| COWSEL
| 1968
| '''[[COWSEL|POP-1]]'''
| [[Rod Burstall|Burstall]], [[Robin Popplestone|Popplestone]]
| COWSEL
|-
| DIBOL
| 1968
| '''[[DIBOL|DIBOL]]-8]]'''
| [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]]
| DIBOL
|-
|
| 1968
| '''[[Forth (programming language)|FORTHForth]]''' (concept)
| [[Charles H. Moore|Moore]]
|
|-
| LISP
| 1968
| '''[[Logo (programming language)|LOGOLogo]]'''
| [[Wally Feurzeig]], [[Seymour Papert|Papert]], [[Cynthia Solomon]]
| LISP
|-
| CRT RPS
| 1968
| '''[[MAPPER (Software)|MAPPER]]'''
| [[Unisys]]
| CRT RPS
|-
| *
| 1968
| '''[[REFAL]]''' (implementation)
| [[Valentin Turchin]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1968
| [[TTM (programming language)|TTM]] (implementation)
| Steven Caine and E. Kent Gordon, [[California Institute of Technology]]
| GAP, GPM
|-
| 1968
| [[PILOT]]
| [[John Amsden Starkweather]], [[University of California, San Francisco]]
| Computest
|-
| 1968
| [[PL360]] (implementation)
| [[Niklaus Wirth]]
| [[ALGOL 60]], [[Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language|ESPOL]]
|-
| 1968
| [[IBM PL/S|PL/S]] (as Basic Systems Language)
| [[IBM]]
| Assembly language
|-
| ALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN
| 1969
| '''[[PL/I]]''' (implementation)
| [[IBM]]
| ALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN
|-
| BCPL
| 1969
| '''[[B (programming language)|B]]'''
| [[Ken Thompson (computer programmer)|Ken Thompson]], with contributions from [[Dennis Ritchie]]
| [[BCPL]], [[Fortran]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EY6q5dv_B-o | title=Ken Thompson interviewed by Brian Kernighan at VCF East 2019 | website=[[YouTube]] | date=6 May 2019 }}</ref>
|-
|
| 1969
| '''[[Polymorphic Programming Language|PPL]]''' (PPL)
| [[Thomas A. Standish]] at [[Harvard University]]
|
|-
|
| 1969
| '''[[SETL (programming language)|SETL]]'''
| [[Jacob T.Jack Schwartz]] at [[Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences]]
| ALGOL 60
|-
|
| 1969
| '''[[TUTOT (programming language)|TUTOR]]'''
| Paul Tenczar & [[University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana–Champaign]]
|
|-
| 1969
! colspan="4" |
| [[Edinburgh IMP]]
| [[Edinburgh University]]
| [[ALGOL 60]], [[Autocode]], [[Atlas Autocode]]
|- class="sortbottom"
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|}
 
=== 1970s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|-
| 1970
| [[Forth (programming language)|Forth]] (implementation)
| [[Charles H. Moore]]
|
| 1970?
| '''[[Forth (programming language)|FORTH]]''' (implementation)
| [[Charles H. Moore|Moore]]
|-
| 1970
| [[POP-2]]
| [[Robin Popplestone]]
| POP-1
|-
| 1970
| [[SAIL (programming language)|SAIL]]
| '''[[POP-2]]'''
| Dan Swinehart, [[Bob Sproull]]
| [[ALGOL 60]]
|-
| ALGOL 60, ALGOL W
| 1970
| '''[[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]]'''
| [[Niklaus Wirth|Wirth]], [[Kathleen Jensen|Jensen]]
| ALGOL 60, [[ALGOL W]]
|-
| 1970
| [[BLISS]]
| Wulf, Russell, Habermann at [[Carnegie Mellon University]]
| [[ALGOL]]
|-
| Pascal, XPL
| 1971
| '''[[SueKRL (programming language)|SueKRL]]'''
| [[Daniel G. Bobrow]] at [[PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]], [[Terry Winograd]] at [[Stanford University]]
| [[Ric Holt|Holt]] ''et al.'' at [[University of Toronto]]
| KM, FRL (MIT)
|-
| 1971
| [[Compiler Description Language]] (CDL)
| [[Cornelis H.A. Koster]] at [[University of Nijmegen]]
|
|-
| SIMULA 67
| 1972
| '''[[Smalltalk]]'''-72
| [[Alan Kay]], [[Adele Goldberg (computer scientist)|Adele Goldberg]], [[Dan Ingalls]], [[PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]]
| [[Xerox PARC]]
| [[Simula]] 67
|-
| PL/I, ALGOL, XPL
| 1972
| '''[[PL/M]]'''
| [[Gary Kildall|Kildall]] at [[Digital Research]]
| PL/I, ALGOL, XPL
|-
| B, BCPL, ALGOL 68
| 1972
| '''[[C (programming language)|C]]'''
| [[Dennis Ritchie|Ritchie]]
| B, BCPL, [[ALGOL 68]]
|-
| *
| 1972
| '''[[INTERCAL]]'''
| [[Don Woods (programmer)|Don Woods]], James M. Lyon
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 1972
| [[Prolog]]
| [[Alain Colmerauer]]
| 2-level W-Grammar
|-
| 1972
| Structured Query language ([[SQL]])
| '''[[Prolog]]'''
| [[IBM]]
| [[Alain Colmerauer|Colmerauer]]
| ALPHA, Quel (Ingres)
|-
| 1972
| [[SASL (programming language)|SASL]]
| [[David Turner (computer scientist)|David Turner]] at [[University of St Andrews]]
| [[ISWIM]]
|-
| Pascal, BASIC
| 1973
| '''[[COMAL]]'''
| [[Børge Christensen|Christensen]], [[Benedict Løfstedt|Løfstedt]]
| Pascal, BASIC
|-
|
| 1973
| '''[[ML (programming language)|ML]]'''
| [[Robin Milner]]
|
|-
| Pascal, Sue
| 1973
| '''[[LIS (programming language)|LIS]]'''
| [[Jean Ichbiah|Ichbiah]] ''et al.'' at [[Groupe Bull|CII Honeywell Bull]]
| Pascal, Sue
|-
| 1973
| [[Speakeasy (computational environment)|Speakeasy-3]]
| Stanley Cohen, Steven Pieper at [[Argonne National Laboratory]]
| Speakeasy-2
|-
| BASIC
| 1974
| '''[[GRASSCLU (programming language)|GRASSCLU]]'''
| [[TomBarbara DeFanti|DeFantiLiskov]]
| ALGOL 60, Lisp, Simula
|-
| Business BASIC
| 1974
| [[GRASS (programming language)|GRASS]]
| '''[[MAI Basic Four|BASIC FOUR]]'''
| [[Thomas A. DeFanti]]
| BASIC
|-
| 1974
| [[MAI Basic Four|BASIC FOUR]]
| MAI BASIC Four Inc.
| Business BASIC
|-
| 1974
| [[PROSE modeling language]]
| [[CDC 6600]] Cybernet Services
| SLANG, FORTRAN
|-
| 1974
| [[sed]]
| [[Lee E. McMahon]] of [[Bell Labs]]
| [[ed (text editor)|ed]]
|-
| [[SETL]]
| 1975
| '''[[ABC (programming language)|ABC]]'''
| [[Leo Geurts]] and [[Lambert Meertens]]
| [[SETL]]
|-
| LISP
| 1975
| '''[[SchemePROSE (programmingmodeling language)|Scheme]]''' Time-Sharing Version
| [[CDC 6400]] Cybernet KRONOS Services
| [[Gerald Jay Sussman|Sussman]], [[Guy L. Steele, Jr.|Steele]]
| SLANG, FORTRAN
|-
| BASIC
| 1975
| [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]]
| '''[[Altair BASIC]]'''
| [[BillGerald Gates|GatesJay Sussman]], [[PaulGuy L. Steele Allen|AllenJr.]]
| LISP
|-
| ALGOL 68, BLISS, ECL, HAL
| 1975
| '''[[CS-4Altair BASIC]]'''
| [[BenjaminBill M. Brosgol|BrosgolGates]] at, [[IntermetricsPaul Allen]]
| BASIC
|-
| Pascal
| 1975
| '''[[Modula]]'''
| [[Niklaus Wirth|Wirth]]
| Pascal
|-
| Smalltalk-72
| 1976
| '''[[Smalltalk|Smalltalk]]-76]]'''
| [[PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]]
| Smalltalk-72
|-
| Speakeasy-2
| 1976
| [[Mesa (programming language)|Mesa]]
| '''[[Speakeasy (computational environment)|Speakeasy-3]]'''
| [[PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]]
| [[Stanley Cohen]],[[Stephen Pieper]] at [[Argonne National Laboratory]]
| ALGOL
|-
| C, FORTRAN
| 1976
| '''[[Ratfor]]'''
| [[Brian Kernighan|Kernighan]]
| C, FORTRAN
|-
| 1976
| [[S (programming language)|S]]
| [[John Chambers (programmer)|John Chambers]] at [[Bell Labs]]
| APL, PPL, Scheme
|-
| 1976
| '''[[S (programmingSAS language)|SSAS]]'''
| [[SAS Institute]]
| [[John Chambers (programmer)|John Chambers]] at [[Bell Laboratories]]
|
|-
| 1976
| [[Integer BASIC]]
| [[Steve Wozniak]]
| BASIC
|-
| *
| 1977
| '''[[FP (programming language)|FP]]'''
| [[John Backus]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| *
| 1977
| '''[[Bourne shell|Bourne Shell]]''' (''sh'')
| [[Stephen Bourne|R. Bourne]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| Fortran
| 1977
| [[Commodore BASIC]]
| '''[[IDL (programming language)|IDL]]'''
| [[Jack Tramiel]]
| David Stern of Research Systems Inc
| BASIC
|-
| MUMPS
| 1977
| [[IDL (programming language)|IDL]]
| '''[[MUMPS|Standard MUMPS]]'''
| David Stern of Research Systems Inc
| Fortran
|-
| SNOBOL
| 1977
| [[MUMPS|Standard MUMPS]]
| '''[[Icon (programming language)|Icon]]''' (concept)
|
| [[Ralph Griswold|Griswold]]
| MUMPS
|-
| ALGOL 68, LIS
| 1977
| '''[[GreenIcon (programming language)|GreenIcon]]''' (concept)
| [[Ralph Griswold]]
| [[Jean Ichbiah|Ichbiah]] ''et al.'' at [[CII Honeywell Bull]] for [[United States Department of Defense|US Dept of Defense]]
| SNOBOL
|-
| ALGOL 68, CS-4
| 1977
| '''[[RedEuclid (programming language (Ada prototype)|RedEuclid]]'''
| [[Butler Lampson]] at [[PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]], [[Ric Holt]] and [[James Cordy]] at [[University of Toronto]]
| [[Benjamin M. Brosgol|Brosgol]] ''et al.'' at [[Intermetrics]] for [[United States Department of Defense|US Dept of Defense]]
|
|-
| ALGOL 68,
| 1977
| [[Applesoft BASIC]]
| '''[[Blue programming language (Ada prototype)|Blue]]'''
| [[Marc McDonald]] and [[Ric Weiland]]
| [[John Goodenough|Goodenough]] ''et al.'' at [[SofTech]] for [[United States Department of Defense|US Dept of Defense]]
| BASIC
|-
| 1978
| ALGOL 68,
| [[Freddy II|RAPT]]
| 1977
| [[Pat Ambler]] and [[Robin Popplestone]]
| '''[[Yellow programming language (Ada prototype)|Yellow]]'''
| [[APT (programming language)|APT]]
| [[Jay Spitzen|Spitzen]] ''et al.'' at [[SRI International]] for [[United States Department of Defense|US Dept of Defense]]
|-
| *1978
| [[C shell]]
| 1978?
| '''[[MATLABBill Joy]]'''
| [[C (programming language)|C]]
| [[Cleve Moler|Moler]] at the [[University of New Mexico]]
|-
| Algol60
| 1978?
|[[SMALL (programming language)|SMALL]]
| [[Dr. Nevil Brownlee|Brownlee]] at the [[University of Auckland]]
|-
| Ingres
| 1978
| [[RPG III]]
| '''[[SQL]]''' aka ''structured query language''
| [[IBM]]
| [[FARGO]], [[IBM RPG|RPG]], [[RPG II]]
|-
| *
| 1978
| '''[[VISICALCHAL/S]]'''
| designed by Intermetrics for NASA
| [[Dan Bricklin|Bricklin]], [[Bob Frankston|Frankston]] marketed by [[VisiCorp]]
| [[XPL]]
|-
| 1978
| [[Applesoft BASIC|Applesoft II BASIC]]
| [[Marc McDonald]] and [[Ric Weiland]]
| Applesoft BASIC
|-
| 1978?
| [[MATLAB]]
| [[Cleve Moler]] at the [[University of New Mexico]]
| [[Fortran]]
|-
| 1978?
| [[SMALL]]
| Nevil Brownlee at the [[University of Auckland]]
| Algol60
|-
| 1978
| [[VisiCalc]]
| [[Dan Bricklin]], [[Bob Frankston]] marketed by [[VisiCorp]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| Modula
| 1979
| [[TI BASIC (TI 99/4A)]]
| '''[[Modula-2]]'''
| [[NiklausTexas Wirth|WirthInstruments]]
| [[BASIC]]
|-
| PL/I, BASIC, EXEC 2
| 1979
| '''[[REXXModula-2]]'''
| [[MikeNiklaus Cowlishaw|CowlishawWirth]]
| Modula, Mesa
|-
| C, SNOBOL
| 1979
| [[REXX]]
| '''[[AWK (programming language)|AWK]]'''
| [[Mike Cowlishaw]] at [[IBM]]
| [[Alfred Aho|Aho]], [[Peter J. Weinberger|Weinberger]], [[Brian Kernighan|Kernighan]]
| PL/I, BASIC, EXEC 2
|-
| SNOBOL
| 1979
| [[AWK]]
| '''[[Icon (programming language)|Icon]]''' (implementation)
| [[Alfred Aho]], [[Peter J. Weinberger]], [[Brian Kernighan]]
| [[Ralph Griswold|Griswold]]
| C, SNOBOL
|-
| *
| 1979
| [[Icon (programming language)|Icon]] (implementation)
| '''[[DBASE|Vulcan dBase-II]]'''
| [[RatliffRalph Griswold]]
| SNOBOL
|-
| 1979
! colspan="4" |
| [[DBase|Vulcan dBase-II]]
| [[Wayne Ratliff]]
| [[RETRIEVE]]
|- class="sortbottom"
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|}
 
=== 1980s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|-
| C, SIMULA 67
| 1980
| [[Ada (programming language)|Ada 80]] (MIL-STD-1815)
| '''[[C with classes]]'''
| [[Jean Ichbiah]] at [[Groupe Bull|CII Honeywell Bull]]
| [[Bjarne Stroustrup|Stroustrup]]
| ALGOL 68, Green
|-
| 1980
| BASIC, Compiler Systems, Digital Research
| [[C++|C with classes]]
| 1980-1981
| [[Bjarne Stroustrup]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://isocpp.org/tour|title=Tour : Standard C++|website=isocpp.org}}</ref>
| '''[[CBASIC]]'''
| C, Simula 67
|-
| 1980
| [[Applesoft BASIC|Applesoft III]]
| [[Apple Computer]]
| Applesoft II BASIC
|-
| 1980
| [[Applesoft BASIC|Apple III Microsoft BASIC]]
| Microsoft
| Microsoft BASIC
|-
| 1980–81
| [[CBASIC]]
| [[Gordon Eubanks]]
| BASIC, Compiler Systems, Digital Research
|-
| 1980
| [[Smalltalk]]-80
| [[Adele Goldberg (computer scientist)|Adele Goldberg]] at [[PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]]
| Smalltalk-76
|-
| 1981
| [[TI Extended BASIC]]
| [[Texas Instruments]]
| [[TI BASIC (TI 99/4A)]]
|-
| 1981
| [[BBC BASIC]]
| [[Acorn Computers]], [[Sophie Wilson]]
| BASIC
|-
| 1981
| [[IBM BASICA]]
| [[Microsoft]]
| BASIC
|-
| 1982?
| [[Speakeasy (computational environment)|Speakeasy-IV]]
| Stanley Cohen, ''et al.'' at Speakeasy Computing Corporation
| Speakeasy-3
|-
| 1982?
| [[Draco (programming language)|Draco]]
| '''[[Speakeasy (computational environment)|Speakeasy-IV]]'''
| Chris Gray
| [[Stanley Cohen]], ''et al.'' at [[Speakeasy Computing Corporation]]
| [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[ALGOL 68]]
|-
| Smalltalk, C
| 1982
| '''[[Objective-CPostScript]]'''
| [[BradJohn CoxWarnock|Warnock]]
| [[InterPress]]
|-
|1982
|[[Turing (programming language)|Turing]]
|[[Ric Holt]] and [[James Cordy]], at [[University of Toronto]]
|[[Euclid (programming language)|Euclid]]
|-
| [[BASICA]]
| 1983
| '''[[Gwbasic|GW-BASIC]]'''
| [[Microsoft]]
| [[IBM BASICA]]
|-
| Green
| 1983
| [[Turbo Pascal]]
| '''[[Ada (programming language)|Ada]]'''
| [[Anders Hejlsberg|Hejlsberg]] at [[Borland]]
| [[CII Honeywell Bull]]
| [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]]
|-
| C with Classes
| 1983
| [[Ada (programming language)|Ada 83]] (ANSI/MIL-STD-1815A)
| '''[[C++]]'''
| [[BjarneJean Stroustrup|StroustrupIchbiah]] at [[Alsys]]
| Ada 80, Green
|-
| 1983
| [[Objective-C]]
| [[Brad Cox]]
| Smalltalk, C
|-
| 1983
| [[C++]]<ref name="invention3">{{cite web|url = http://www.stroustrup.com/bs_faq.html#invention|title = Bjarne Stroustrup's FAQ: When was C++ invented?|first = Bjarne|last = Stroustrup|website = stroustrup.com|date = 7 March 2010|access-date = 15 February 2023|archive-date = 6 February 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160206214150/http://www.stroustrup.com/bs_faq.html#invention|url-status = live}}</ref>
| [[Bjarne Stroustrup]]
| C with Classes
|-
| 1983
| [[True BASIC]]
| [[John George Kemeny]], [[Thomas Eugene Kurtz]] at [[Dartmouth College]]
| BASIC
|-
| 1983
| [[Occam (programming language)|occam]]
| '''[[True BASIC]]'''
| [[David May (computer scientist)|David May]]
| [[John George Kemeny|Kemeny]], [[Thomas Kurtz|Kurtz]] at [[Dartmouth College]]
| EPL
|-
| [[COBOL]]
| 1983?
| '''[[ABAP]]'''
| [[SAP AG]]
| [[COBOL]]
|-
| sh1983
| [[KornShell]] (''ksh'')
| 1984?
| '''[[Korn Shell]]''' (''ksh'')
| [[David Korn (computer scientist)|David Korn]]
| sh
|-
|1983
|[[Clascal]]
| [[Apple Computer]]
| [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]]
|-
|| 1984
| [[Clipper (programming language)|CLIPPER]]
| [[Nantucket, Massachusetts|Nantucket]]
| [[dBase]]
|-
| [[Forth (programming language)|Forth]], [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]]
| 1984
| [[Common Lisp]]
| '''[[RPL (programming language)|RPL]]'''
| [[Guy L. Steele, Jr.]] and many others
| [[Hewlett-Packard]]
| LISP
|-
| ML
| 1984
| [[Coq (software)|Coq]]
| '''[[Standard ML]]'''
| [[INRIA]]
|
|-
| dBase
| 1984
| '''[[ClipperRPL (programming language)|CLIPPERRPL]]'''
| [[NantucketHewlett-Packard]]
| [[Forth (programming language)|Forth]], [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]]
|-
| LISP
| 1984
| '''[[CommonStandard LispML]]'''
|
| [[Guy Steele]] and many others
| ML
|-
|
| 1984
| '''[[Core War|Redcode]]'''
| [[A. K. Dewdney|A.K.Alexander Dewdney]] and [[D. G. Jones|D.G. Jones]]
|
|-
| Pascal1984
| [[Open Programming Language|OPL]]
| 1985
| '''[[ObjectPsion Pascal(company)|Psion]]'''
| [[Apple ComputerBASIC]]
|-
| dBase
| 1985
| '''[[Paradox (database)|PARADOX]]'''
| [[Borland]]
| [[dBase]]
|-
| [[InterPress]]
| 1985
| '''[[PostScriptQuickBASIC]]'''
| [[John Warnock|Warnock]]
|-
| [[BASIC]]
| 1985
| '''[[QuickBASIC]]'''
| [[Microsoft]]
|-
| [[BASIC]]
| 1986
| '''[[GFA BASIC]]'''
| [[Frank Ostrowski]]
|-
|1986
| [[Clarion (programming language)|Clarion]]
| Bruce Barrington
|
|-
| 1986
| [[CorVision]]
| '''[[Miranda (programming language)|Miranda]]'''
| Cortex
| [[David Turner (computer scientist)|David Turner]] at [[University of Kent]]
| INFORM
|-
| 1986
| [[Eiffel (programming language)|Eiffel]]
| [[Bertrand Meyer]]
| Simula 67, Ada
|-
| 1986
| [[GFA BASIC]]
| [[Frank Ostrowski]]
| [[BASIC]]
|-
| 1986
| [[IBM Informix-4GL|Informix-4GL]]
| [[IBM Informix|Informix]]
|
|-
| 1986
| '''[[LabVIEW]]'''
| [[National Instruments]]
|
|-
| SIMULA 67
| 1986
| '''[[EiffelMiranda (programming language)|EiffelMiranda]]'''
| [[David Turner (computer scientist)|David Turner]] at [[University of Kent]]
| [[Bertrand Meyer|Meyer]]
| [[SASL (programming language)|SASL]]
|-
|
| 1986
| '''[[Informix-4GLObject Pascal]]'''
| [[InformixApple Computer]]
| Pascal
|-
| C
| 1986
| '''[[PROMAL]]'''
|
| C
|-
| INFORM
| 1986
| [[Erlang (programming language)|Erlang]]
| '''[[CorVision]]'''
| [[Joe Armstrong (programmer)|Joe Armstrong]] and others in [[Ericsson]]
| Cortex
| [[PLEX (programming language)|PLEX]], Prolog
|-
| Smalltalk
| 1987
| '''[[SelfAda (programming language)|SelfAda ISO 8652:1987]]''' (concept)
| ANSI/MIL-STD-1815A unchanged
| [[Sun Microsystems|Sun Microsystems Inc.]]
| Ada 83
|-
| *
| 1987
| [[Self (programming language)|Self]] (concept)
| '''[[HyperTalk]]'''
| [[AppleSun Computer|AppleMicrosystems]] Inc.
| Smalltalk
|-
| C, sed, awk, sh
| 1987
| [[Occam (programming language)|occam 2]]
| '''[[Perl]]'''
| [[David May (computer scientist)|David May]] and [[INMOS]]
| [[Larry Wall|Wall]]
| [[Occam (programming language)|occam]]
|-
| Modula-2
| 1987
| [[HyperTalk]]
| '''[[Oberon (programming language)|Oberon]]'''
| [[NiklausApple Wirth|WirthComputer]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| Prolog
| 1987
| '''[[ErlangClean (programming language)|ErlangClean]]'''
| Software Technology Research Group of [[Radboud University Nijmegen]]
| [[Joe Armstrong (Programming)|Joe Armstrong]] and others in [[Ericsson]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| *
| 1987
| '''[[MathematicaPerl]]'''
| [[WolframLarry ResearchWall]]
| C, sed, awk, sh
|-
| BASIC/Z
| 1987
| [[Oberon (programming language)|Oberon]]
| '''[[Turbo Basic]]'''
| [[Niklaus Wirth]]
| Modula-2
|-
| 1987
| [[Turbo Basic]]
| Robert 'Bob' Zale
| BASIC/Z
|-
| [[MATLAB]]
| 1988
| [[Mathematica]] ([[Wolfram Language]]<!-- was named that years later, is the language of the larger system Mathematica-->)
| '''[[GNU Octave|Octave]]'''
| [[Wolfram Research]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language), though borrowing some syntax from C and certain functionalities of lists from LISP}}
|-
| Awk, Lisp
| 1988
| '''[[TclGNU Octave|Octave]]'''
|
| [[John Ousterhout|Ousterhout]]
| [[MATLAB]]
|-
| [[BASIC]]
| 1988
| '''[[STOS BASICTcl]]'''
| [[John Ousterhout]]
| Awk, Lisp
|-
| 1988
| [[STOS BASIC]]
| [[François Lionet]] and [[Constantin Sotiropoulos]]
| [[BASIC]]
|-
| REXX
| 1988
| [[Actor (programming language)|Actor]]
| '''[[REXX|Object REXX]]'''
| Charles Duff, the Whitewater Group
| [[Simon C. Nash]]
| Forth, Smalltalk
|-
| Ada
| 1988
| [[Object REXX]]
| '''[[SPARK (programming language)|SPARK]]'''
| [[BernardSimon AC. Carré]]Nash
| REXX, Smalltalk
|-
| APL
| 1988
| [[SPARK (programming language)|SPARK]]
| '''[[A plus|A+]]'''
| Bernard A. Carré
| Ada
|-
| 1988
| [[A+ (programming language)|A+]]
| [[Arthur Whitney (computer scientist)|Arthur Whitney]]
| APL, A
|-
| 1988
| [[Hamilton C shell]]
| Nicole Hamilton
| [[C shell]]
|-
| 1988–1989
|[[ANSI C|C90]]
|C90 ISO/IEC 9899:1990
|[[C_(programming_language)|C]]
|-
| Turbo Pascal, Object Pascal
| 1989
| '''[[Turbo Pascal#Object -oriented programming|Turbo Pascal OOP]]'''
| [[Anders Hejlsberg|Hejlsberg]] at [[Borland]]
| Turbo Pascal, Object Pascal
|-
| Modula-2
| 1989
| '''[[Modula-3]]'''
| Cardeli, et al. [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] and [[Olivetti]]
| Modula-2
|-
| Turbo Basic
| 1989
| '''[[PowerBASIC]]'''
| Robert 'Bob' Zale
| Turbo Basic
|-
| 1989
! colspan="4" |
| [[VisSim]]
| Peter Darnell, Visual Solutions
|
|-
| 1989
| [[LPC (programming language)|LPC]]
| [[Lars Pensjö]]
|
|-
| 1989
| [[Bash (Unix shell)|Bash]]
| [[Brian Fox (computer programmer)|Brian Fox]]
| [[Bourne shell]], [[C shell]], [[KornShell]]
|-
| 1989
| [[Magik (programming language)|Magik]]
| Arthur Chance, of [[Smallworld]] Systems Ltd
| [[Smalltalk]]
|- class="sortbottom"
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|}
 
=== 1990s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
 
|-
| 1990
| [[Sather]]
| [[Steve Omohundro]]
| [[Eiffel (programming language)|Eiffel]]
|-
| [[STOS BASIC]]
| 1990
| '''[[AMOS (programming language)|AMOS BASIC]]'''
| [[François Lionet]] and [[Constantin Sotiropoulos]]
| [[STOS BASIC]]
|-
| Oberon
| 1990
| '''[[Object OberonAMPL]]'''
| [[Robert Fourer]], David Gay and [[Brian Kernighan]] at [[Bell Laboratories]]
|
|-
| 1990
| [[Object Oberon]]
| H Mössenböck, J Templ, R Griesemer
| [[Oberon (programming language)|Oberon]]
|-
| APL, FP
| 1990
| '''[[J (programming language)|J]]'''
| [[Kenneth Iverson|E. Iverson]], [[Roger Hui|R. Hui]] at Iverson Software
| [[APL (programming language)|APL]], [[FP (programming language)|FP]]
|-
| Miranda
| 1990
| '''[[Haskell (programming language)|Haskell]]'''
|
| [[Miranda (programming language)|Miranda]], [[Clean (programming language)|Clean]]
|-
| [[Common Lisp]], Scheme
| 1990
| '''[[EulispEuLisp]]'''
|
| [[Common Lisp]], [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]]
|-
| 1990
| [[Z shell]] (''zsh'')
| Paul Falstad at [[Princeton University]]
| ksh
|-
| 1990
| [[SKILL]]
| T. J. Barnes at [[Cadence Design Systems]]
| [[Franz Lisp]]
|-
| Object Oberon
| 1991
| [[GNU E]]
| '''[[Oberon (programming language)|Oberon-2]]'''
| David J. DeWitt, Michael J. Carey
| Hanspeter Mössenböck, [[Niklaus Wirth|Wirth]]
| [[C++]]
|-
| [[ABC programming language|ABC]], [[ALGOL 68]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amk.ca/python/writing/gvr-interview |title=Interview with Guido van Rossum|year=1998 |month=June |accessmonthday=28 |accessyear=2008}}</ref>, [[Icon programming language|Icon]], [[Modula-3]]
| 1991
| [[Oberon-2]]
| '''[[Python (programming language)|Python]]'''
| Hanspeter Mössenböck, [[Niklaus Wirth]]
| [[Guido van Rossum|Van Rossum]]
| Object Oberon
|-
| Prolog
| 1991
| '''[[Oz (programming language)|Oz]]'''
| Gert Smolka and his students
| Prolog
|-
|
| 1991
| '''[[QPure (programming language)|Q]]'''
| Albert Gräf
|
|-
| QuickBASIC
| 1991
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]]
| '''[[Visual Basic]]'''
| [[Guido van Rossum]]
| [[Alan Cooper]], sold to [[Microsoft]]
| Perl, [[ABC (programming language)|ABC]], [[C (programming language)|C]]
|-
| 1991
| [[Visual Basic (classic)|Visual Basic]]
| [[Alan Cooper (software designer)|Alan Cooper]], sold to [[Microsoft]]
| QuickBASIC
|-
| Turbo Pascal OOP
| 1992
| '''[[Turbo Pascal|Borland Pascal]]'''
|
| Turbo Pascal OOP
|-
| 1992
| [[Dylan (programming language)|Dylan]]
| Many people at [[Apple Computer]]
| [[Common Lisp]], Scheme
|-
| 1992
| [[S-Lang]]
| '''[[Dylan (programming language)|Dylan]]'''
| John E. Davis
| many people at [[Apple Computer]]
| [[PostScript]]
|-
| ksh
| 1993?
| [[Self (programming language)|Self]] (implementation)
| '''[[Z Shell]]''' (''zsh'')
| [[Sun Microsystems]]
|-
| Smalltalk
| 1993?
| '''[[Self (programming language)|Self]]''' (implementation)
| [[Sun Microsystems|Sun Microsystems Inc.]]
|-
| *
| 1993
| '''[[BrainfuckAmiga E]]'''
| Wouter van Oortmerssen
| [[Urban Müller]]
| DEX, [[C (programming language)|C]], Modula-2
|-
| Forth
| 1993
| '''[[FALSEBrainfuck]]'''
| Urban Müller
| [[Wouter van Oortmerssen]]
| P'′
|-
| *
| 1993
| [[Transcript (programming language)|LiveCode Transcript]]
| '''[[WinDev]]'''
|
| PC Soft
| HyperTalk
|-
| HyperTalk
| 1993
| [[AppleScript]]
| '''[[Transcript (programming language)|Revolution Transcript]]'''
| [[Apple Computer]]
|-
| HyperTalk
| 1993
| '''[[AppleScript]]'''
| [[Apple Computer|Apple]]
|-
| APL, Lisp
| 1993
| '''[[K (programming language)|K]]'''
| [[Arthur Whitney (computer scientist)|Arthur Whitney]]
| APL, Lisp
|-
| Smalltalk, Perl
| 1993
| '''[[RubyLua (programming language)|RubyLua]]'''
| [[Roberto Ierusalimschy]] ''et al.'' at Tecgraf, PUC-Rio
| [[Yukihiro Matsumoto]]
| Scheme, SNOBOL, Modula, CLU, [[C++]]
|-
| Lua
| 1993
| '''[[LuaR (programming language)|LuaR]]'''
| [[Robert Gentleman (statistician)|Robert Gentleman]] and [[Ross Ihaka]]
| [[Roberto Ierusalimschy]] ''et al.'' at [[Tecgraf, PUC-Rio]]
| S
|-
| C
| 1993
| '''[[ZPL (programming language)|ZPL]]'''
| Chamberlain ''et al.'' at [[University of Washington]]
| C
|-
| Self, Dylan
| 1993
| '''[[NewtonScript]]'''
| Walter Smith
| Self, Dylan
|-
| 1993
| [[Euphoria (programming language)|Euphoria]]
| Robert Craig
| SNOBOL, AWK, ABC, Icon, Python
|-
| [[Common Lisp]]
| 1994
| [[Claire (programming language)|Claire]]
| '''[[Common Lisp|ANSI Common Lisp]]'''
| Yves Caseau
| Smalltalk, SETL, OPS5, Lisp, ML, [[C (programming language)|C]], LORE, LAURE
|-
| Perl
| 1994
| [[American National Standards Institute|ANSI]] [[Common Lisp]]
| '''[[PHP]]'''
|
| [[Rasmus Lerdorf]]
| [[Common Lisp]]
|-
| LPC, C, µLPC
| 1994
| [[RAPID]]
| '''[[Pike (programming language)|Pike]]'''
| [[ABB]]
| Fredrik Hübinette et al. at [[Linköping University]]
| ARLA
|-
| Forth
| 1994
| [[Pike (programming language)|Pike]]
| '''[[ANS Forth]]'''
| Fredrik Hübinette et al. at [[Linköping University]]
| [[Elizabeth Rather]], et al
| [[LPC (programming language)|LPC]], [[C (programming language)|C]], μLPC
|-
| 1994
| [[Forth (programming language)|ANS Forth]]
| [[Elizabeth Rather]], et al.
| Forth
|-
| Borland Pascal
| 1995
| [[Ada (programming language)|Ada 95]]
| '''[[Borland Delphi]]'''
| S. Tucker Taft, et al. at Intermetrics
| Ada 83
|-
| 1995
| [[Borland]] [[Delphi (software)|Delphi]]
| [[Anders Hejlsberg]] at [[Borland]]
| Borland Pascal
|-
|
| 1995
| '''[[Adobe ColdFusion|ColdFusion (CFML)]]'''
| [[Allaire Corporation|Allaire]]
|
|-
| C, SIMULA67 OR C++, Smalltalk, Ada 83, Objective-C
| 1995
| '''[[Java (programming language)|Java]]'''
| [[James Gosling]] at [[Sun Microsystems]]
| [[C (programming language)|C]], Simula 67, C++, Smalltalk, Ada 83, Objective-C, Mesa
|-
| Self, Java
| 1995
| '''[[JavaScript|LiveScript]]'''
| [[Brendan Eich]] at [[Netscape Communications Corporation|Netscape]]
| Self, [[C (programming language)|C]], Scheme
|-
| 1995
| Lisp, C++, Tcl/Tk, TeX, HTML
| [[Mercury (programming language)|Mercury]]
| 1996
| [[Zoltan Somogyi]] at [[University of Melbourne]]
| '''[[Curl (programming language)|Curl]]'''
| Prolog, Hope, Haskell
| David Kranz, Steve Ward, Chris Terman at [[MIT]]
|-
| 1995
| [[PHP]]
| [[Rasmus Lerdorf]]
| Perl
|-
| 1995
| [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]]
| [[Yukihiro Matsumoto]]
| Smalltalk, Perl
|-
| 1995
| [[JavaScript]]
| [[Brendan Eich]] at [[Netscape]]
| LiveScript
|-
|1995
| [[Racket (programming language)|Racket]]
| [[Matthew Flatt]] at [[Rice University]]
| [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]], [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]]
|-
| 1996
| '''[[JavaScriptCSS]]'''
| [[Håkon Wium Lie]] and [[Bert Bos]]
| [[Brendan Eich]] at [[Netscape Communications Corporation|Netscape]]
| [[Standard Generalized Markup Language|SGML]]
|-
| APL, Perl
| 1996
| [[Curl (programming language)|Curl]]
| '''[[Perl Data Language]] (PDL)'''
| David Kranz, Steve Ward, Chris Terman at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]]
| [[Karl Glazebrook]], [[Jarle Brinchmann]], [[Tuomas Lukka]], and [[Christian Soeller]]
| Lisp, [[C++]], Tcl/Tk, TeX, HTML
|-
| S
| 1996
| '''[[RLasso (programming language)|RLasso]]
| Blue World Communications
| [[Robert Gentleman]] and [[Ross Ihaka]]
|
|-
| 1996
| [[NetRexx]]
| [[Mike Cowlishaw]]
| REXX
|-
| 1996
| '''[[REXX|NetRexxOCaml]]'''
| [[INRIA]]
| [[Mike Cowlishaw|Cowlishaw]]
| Caml Light, Standard ML
|-
|
| 1996
| [[Perl Data Language]] (PDL)
| '''[[Lasso (programming language)|Lasso]]'''
| [[Karl Glazebrook]], Jarle Brinchmann, Tuomas Lukka, and Christian Soeller
| [[Blue World Communication]]
| APL, Perl
|-
| 1996
| [[Pure Data]]
| [[Miller Puckette]]
| [[Max (software)|Max]]
|-
| 1996
| [[VBScript]]
| Microsoft
| Visual Basic
|-
| Oberon-2
| 1997
| '''[[Component Pascal]]'''
| Oberon microsystems, IncMicrosystems
| Oberon-2
|-
| Joule, Original-E
| 1997
| '''[[E (programming language)|E]]'''
| [[Mark S. Miller]]
| Joule, Original-E
|-
| 1997
| [[Pico (programming language)|Pico]]
| [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel|Free University of Brussels]]
| Scheme
| 1997
| '''[[Pico (programming language)|Pico]]'''
| Free University of [[Brussels]]
|-
| Smalltalk-80, Self
| 1997
| '''[[Squeak|Squeak Smalltalk]]'''
| [[Alan Kay]], ''et al.'' at [[Apple Computer]]
| Smalltalk-80, Self
|-
| JavaScript
| 1997
| '''[[ECMAScript]]'''
| [[Ecma International|ECMA]] TC39-TG1
| [[JavaScript]]
|-
| Smalltalk, APL, Objective-C
| 1997
| '''[[F-Script]]'''
| [[Philippe Mougin]]
| Smalltalk, APL, Objective-C
|-
| [[Common Lisp]]
| 1997
| '''[[ISLISP]]'''
| ISO Standard ISLISP
| [[Common Lisp]]
|-
| 1997
| [[Tea (programming language)|Tea]]
| Jorge Nunes
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]], [[Tcl]]
|-
| 1997
| [[REBOL]]
| [[Carl Sassenrath]], Rebol Technologies
| [[Self (programming language)|Self]], [[Forth (programming language)|Forth]], [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]], [[Logo (programming language)|Logo]]
|-
| C++, Standard C
| 1998
| '''[[C++|Standard C++Logtalk]]'''
| Paulo Moura (then at [[University of Coimbra]])
| Prolog
|-
| 1998
| [[ActionScript]]
| [[Gary Grossman]]
| ECMAScript
|-
| 1998
| [[C++|Standard C++]]
| ANSI/ISO Standard C++
| [[C++]], Standard C, C
|-
| Erlang
| 1998
| [[PureBasic]]
| '''[[Erlang (programming language)|Open Source Erlang]]'''
| Frederic Laboureur, Fantaisie Software
| [[Ericsson]]
|
|-
| AWK, Perl, Unix shell
| 1998
| '''[[PIKT|PiktUnrealScript]]'''
| [[Tim Sweeney (game developer)|Tim Sweeney]] at [[Epic Games]]
| Robert Osterlund (then at [[University of Chicago]])
| [[C++]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
|-
| JAVA, SQL
| 1998
| [[XSL Transformations|XSLT]] (+ [[XPath]])
| '''[[DASL - Distributed Application Specification Language|DASL]] (BOS)'''
| [[World Wide Web Consortium|W3C]], [[James Clark (XML expert)|James Clark]]
| Bob Goldberg and Ludovic Champenois at [[Sun Microsystems]]
| [[Document Style Semantics and Specification Language|DSSSL]]
|-
| 1998
| [[Xojo]] (REALbasic at the time)
| Xojo, Andrew Barry
| [[Visual Basic (classic)|Visual Basic]]
|-
| Web 2.0 IDE & ALM
| 1999
| '''[[WebDevC99]]'''
| C99 ISO/IEC 9899:1999
| PC Soft
| [[ANSI_C#C90|C90]]
|-
| [[DSSSL]]
| 1999
| '''[[XSLTGambas]]'''
| [[W3CBenoît Minisini]]
| [[Visual Basic (classic)|Visual Basic]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
|-
| [[Game Maker]]
| 1999
| '''[[Game Maker Language]] (GML)'''
| [[Mark Overmars]]
| [[GameMaker: Studio|Game Maker]]
|-
| JAVA, HTML
| 1999
| [[Harbour (software)|Harbour]]
| '''[[DASL - Distributed Application Specification Language|DASL]] (AUS)'''
| Antonio Linares
| Bob Goldberg, Bruce Daniels, Peter Yared, Yury Kamen, and Syed Ali at [[Sun Microsystems]]
| [[dBase]], [[Clipper (programming language)|Clipper]]
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan="4" |
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|}
 
=== 2000s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
| Java
! Name
| 2000
! Chief developer, company
| '''[[Join Java]]'''
! Predecessor(s)
| [[G Stewart von Itzstein]]
|-
| FP, Forth
| 2000
| [[Join Java]]
| '''[[Joy (programming language)|Joy]]'''
| [[ManfredG vonStewart Thun|von Thun]]Itzstein
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
|-
| C, C++, C#, Java
| 2000
| [[DarkBASIC]]
| '''[[D (programming language)|D]]'''
| [[The Game Creators]]
| [[Walter Bright]] at Digital Mars
|
|-
| Ada, C++, Lisp
| 2000
| '''[[XLC Sharp (programming language)|XLC#]]'''
| [[Anders Hejlsberg]], [[Microsoft]] ([[Ecma International|ECMA]])
| [[Christophe de Dinechin]]
| [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Delphi (programming language)|Delphi]], [[Modula-2]]
|-
| 2001
| C, C++, Java, Delphi
| [[Joy (programming language)|Joy]]
| 2000
| Manfred von Thun
| '''[[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]'''
| [[FP (programming language)|FP]], [[Forth (programming language)|Forth]]
| [[Anders Hejlsberg]] at [[Microsoft]]([[ECMA]])
|-
| 2001
| C, C++, Java, PHP, Python, Ruby, Scheme
| [[AspectJ]]
| 2000
| [[Gregor Kiczales]], [[PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]]
| '''[[Ferite]]'''
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Common Lisp]]
| Chris Ross
|-
| Java
| 2001
| [[D (programming language)|D]]
| '''[[AspectJ]]'''
| [[XeroxWalter PARCBright]], Digital Mars
| [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
|-
| 2001
| [[Processing (programming language)|Processing]]
| [[Casey Reas]] and [[Benjamin Fry]]
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en/|title=Arduino Reference|website=www.arduino.cc}}</ref>
|-
| 2001
| [[Visual Basic .NET]]
| [[Microsoft]]
| [[Visual Basic (classic)|Visual Basic]]
|-
| 2001
| [[GDScript]] (GDS)
| Juan Linietsky, Ariel Manzur (OKAM Studio)
| [[Godot (game engine)|Godot]]
|-
| 2001
| [[Shakespeare Programming Language]]
| Jon Åslund, Karl Hasselström
|
|-
| Self, NewtonScript
| 2002
| '''[[Io (programming language)|Io]]'''
| [[Steve Dekorte]]
| [[Self (programming language)|Self]], [[NewtonScript]], [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]]
|-
| 2002
| [[Gosu (programming language)|Gosu]]
| Guidewire Software
| [[GScript]]
|-
| 2002
| [[Scratch (programming language)|Scratch]]
| [[Mitchel Resnick]], John Maloney, Natalie Rusk, Evelyn Eastmond, Tammy Stern, Amon Millner, Jay Silver, and Brian Silverman
| [[Logo (programming language)|Logo]], [[Smalltalk]], [[Squeak]], [[Squeak#E-Toys|E-Toys]], [[HyperCard]], [[AgentSheets]], [[StarLogo]], Tweak
|-
| C#, [[Standard ML|ML]], MetaHaskell
| 2003
| [[Nix (package manager)|Nix]]
| '''[[Nemerle]]'''
| Eelco Dolstra
| Miranda/SASL, Haskell
|-
| 2003
| [[Nemerle]]
| University of [[Wrocław]]
| [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[Standard ML|ML]], MetaHaskell
|-
| Joy, Forth, Lisp
| 2003
| '''[[Factor (programming language)|Factor]]'''
| [[Slava Pestov]]
| Joy, Forth, Lisp
|-
| Smalltalk, Java, Haskell, Standard ML, OCaml
| 2003
| '''[[Scala (programming language)|Scala]]'''
| [[Martin Odersky]]
| Smalltalk, Java, Haskell, Standard ML, OCaml
|-
| Lua
| 2003
| [[C++03]]
| '''[[Squirrel (programming language)|Squirrel]]'''
| C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2003
| [[Alberto Demichelis]]
| [[C++]], Standard C, [[C (programming language)|C]]
|-
| 2003
| [[BASIC]]
| [[Squirrel (programming language)|Squirrel]]
| 2004
| Alberto Demichelis
| '''[[Freebasic|FreeBASIC]]'''
| [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]]
| Andre Victor
|-
| 2003
| Mobile Development
| [[Boo (programming language)|Boo]]
| 2004
| Rodrigo B. de Oliveira
| '''[[WinDev Mobile]]'''
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]
| PC Soft
|-
| *
| 2004
| '''[[Subtext (programming language)|Subtext]]'''
| Jonathan Edwards
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| Python, C#
| 2004
| [[Alma-0]]
| '''[[Boo (programming language)|Boo]]'''
| [[Krzysztof R. Apt|Krzysztof Apt]], [[Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica]]
| Rodrigo B. de Oliveira
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| [[Object Pascal]], C#
| 2004
| [[FreeBASIC]]
| '''[[Oxygene (programming language)|Oxygene]]''' (formerly '''Chrome''')
| Andre Victor
| [http://www.remobjects.com/ RemObjects Software]
| QBasic
|-
| Java
| 2004
| '''[[Groovy (programming language)|Groovy]]'''
| [[James Strachan (programmer)|James Strachan]]
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
|-
| [[BASIC]]
| 2004
| [[Little b (programming language)|Little b]]
| '''[[ThinBasic]]'''
| Aneil Mallavarapu, [[Harvard Medical School]], Department of Systems Biology
| Eros Olmi [http://community.thinbasic.com/ thinBasic community]
| Lisp
|-
| Objective Caml, C#, Haskell
| 2005
| '''[[F SharpFantom (programming language)|F#Fantom]]'''
| Brian Frank, Andy Frank
| [[Don Syme]] at [[Microsoft Research]]
| [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], Scala, Ruby, Erlang
|-
| ARC Assembler
| 2005
| '''[[RAGEF AssemblerSharp (programming language)|Rage AssemblerF#]]'''
| [[WimDon BootSyme]] at, [[MicronixMicrosoft SoftworksResearch]]
| [[OCaml]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[Haskell]]
|-
| *
| 2005
| [[Haxe]]
| '''[[Corn (programming language)|Corn]]'''
| Nicolas Cannasse
|
| [[ActionScript]], [[OCaml]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
|-
| Haskell2005
| [[Oxygene (programming language)|Oxygene]]
| 2006
| [[RemObjects Software]]
| '''[[Links (programming language)|Links]]'''
| [[PhilObject WadlerPascal]], [[UniversityC ofSharp Edinburgh(programming language)|C#]]
|-
| 2005
| [[PWCT]]
| [[Mahmoud Samir Fayed]]
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 2005
| [[Seed7]]
| Thomas Mertes
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| 2005
| [[fish (Unix shell)|fish]]
| Thomas Mertes
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
|2005
|[[HolyC]]
|[[Terry A. Davis]]
|[[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]]
|-
| *
| 2006
| '''[[KiteCobra (programming language)|KiteCobra]]'''
| Chuck Esterbrook
| Mooneer Salem
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], Eiffel, Objective-C
|-
| C#, ksh, Perl, [[AS/400 Control Language|CL]], [[DIGITAL Command Language|DCL]], SQL
| 2006
| '''[[Windows PowerShell]]'''
| [[Microsoft]]
| [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], ksh, Perl, [[Control Language|CL]], [[DIGITAL Command Language|DCL]], SQL
|-
| 2006
| [[OptimJ]]
| [[Ateji]]
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
|-
| 2006
| [[Fortress (programming language)|Fortress]]
| [[Guy L. Steele Jr.]]
| [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]], [[Standard ML|ML]], [[Haskell]]
|-
| 2006
| [[Vala (programming language)|Vala]]
| [[GNOME]]
| [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]
|-
| C#, Scala, Ruby, Erlang
| 2007
| '''[[FanAda (programming language)|FanAda 2005]]'''
| Ada Rapporteur Group
| [[Brian Frank]], [[A Frank|Andy Frank]]
| Ada 95
|-
| APEX
| 2007
| '''[[APEXAgda (programming language)|APEXAgda]]'''
| Ulf Norell
| [[Salesforce.com]]
| [[Coq (software)|Coq]], [[Epigram (programming language)|Epigram]], [[Haskell]]
|-
| C#
| 2007
| [[QB64]]
| '''[[Vala (programming language)|Vala]]'''
| Galleon, QB64Team
| [[GNOME]]
| QBasic
|-
| [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]], [[ML (programming language)|ML]], [[Haskell (programming language)|Haskell]], [[Erlang (programming language)|Erlang]]
| 2007
| '''[[Clojure]]'''
| [[Rich Hickey]]
| [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]], [[ML (programming language)|ML]], [[Haskell]], [[Erlang (programming language)|Erlang]]
|-
| *
| 2007
| '''[[LOLCODE]]'''
| Adam Lindsay
| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}
|-
| *2007
| [[Oberon (programming language)#Oberon-07|Oberon-07]]
| 2008
| [[Niklaus Wirth]]
| '''[[RapidRage (programming language)|RapidRage]]'''
| Oberon
| [[Wim Boot]] at [[Micronix Softworks]]
|-
| 2007
| [[Swift (parallel scripting language)]]
| [[University of Chicago]], [[Argonne National Laboratory]]
|
|-
| Haskell
| 2008
| [[Nim (programming language)|Nim]]
| '''Disciple'''
| Andreas Rumpf
| Ben Lippmeier [http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/DDC Disciple Wiki]
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]], [[Object Pascal]]
|-
| C, R
| 2008
| Genie
| '''[[PCASTL]]'''
| Jamie McCracken
| [http://www.pcosmos.ca/ Philippe Choquette]
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Boo (programming language)|Boo]], [[D (programming language)|D]], [[Object Pascal]]
|-
| *
| 2008
| [[Pure (programming language)|Pure]]
| '''[[Seccia]]'''
| Albert Gräf
| [http://www.seccia.org/ Sylvain Seccia]
| Q
|-
| 2009
| [[Chapel (programming language)|Chapel]]
| Brad Chamberlain, [[Cray]] Inc.
| [[High Performance Fortran|HPF]], [[ZPL (programming language)|ZPL]]
|-
| 2009
| [[Go (programming language)|Go]]
| [[Google]]
| [[C (programming language)|C]], [[Oberon (programming language)|Oberon]], [[Limbo (programming language)|Limbo]], [[Smalltalk]]
|-
| 2009
| [[CoffeeScript]]
| [[Jeremy Ashkenas]]
| [[JavaScript]], [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Haskell]]
|-
| 2009
| [[Idris (programming language)|Idris]]
| Edwin Brady
| [[Haskell]], [[Agda (programming language)|Agda]], [[Coq (software)|Coq]]
|-
| 2009
| [[ParaSail (programming language)|Parasail]]
| S. Tucker Taft, [[AdaCore]]
| [[Modula]], [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]], [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]], [[ML (programming language)|ML]]
|-
| 2009
| [[Whiley (programming language)|Whiley]]
| David J. Pearce
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]]
|-
| 2009
| [[Dafny]]
| K. Rustan M. Leino
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Spec Sharp|Spec#]]
|- class="sortbottom"
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|}
 
== References 2010s==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|-
| 2010
| [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]]
| Graydon Hoare, [[Mozilla]]
| [[Alef (programming language)|Alef]], [[C++]], [[Camlp4]], [[Erlang (programming language)|Erlang]], [[Hermes (programming language)|Hermes]], [[Limbo (programming language)|Limbo]], Napier, [[Napier88]], [[Newsqueak]], NIL, [[Sather]], [[Standard ML]]
|-
| 2011
| [[C11 (C standard revision)|C11]]
| C11 ISO/IEC 9899:2011
| [[C99]]
|-
| 2011
| [[Ceylon Project|Ceylon]]
| Gavin King, [[Red Hat]]
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
|-
| 2011
| [[Dart (programming language)|Dart]]
| [[Google]]
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[JavaScript]], [[CoffeeScript]], [[Go (programming language)|Go]]
|-
| 2011
| [[C++11]]
| C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2011
| [[C++]], Standard C, [[C (programming language)|C]]
|-
| 2011
| [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]]
| [[JetBrains]]
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]], [[Groovy (programming language)|Groovy]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[Gosu (programming language)|Gosu]]
|-
| 2011
| [[Red (programming language)|Red]]
| Nenad Rakočević
| [[Rebol]], [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]], [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]]
|-
| 2011
| [[Opa (programming language)|Opa]]
| MLstate
| [[OCaml]], [[Erlang (programming language)|Erlang]], [[JavaScript]]
|-
| 2012
| [[Elixir (programming language)|Elixir]]
| José Valim
| [[Erlang (programming language)|Erlang]], [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]], [[Clojure]]
|-
| 2012
| [[Elm (programming language)|Elm]]
| Evan Czaplicki
| [[Haskell]], [[Standard ML]], [[OCaml]], [[F Sharp (programming language)|F#]]
|-
| 2012
| [[TypeScript]]
| [[Anders Hejlsberg]], [[Microsoft]]
| [[JavaScript]], [[CoffeeScript]]
|-
| 2012
| [[Julia (programming language)|Julia]]
| [[Jeff Bezanson]], [[Stefan Karpinski]], [[Viral Shah]], [[Alan Edelman]],<!-- Leave out Alan? He is left out as "developer", but included as "designer" in Julia's infobox as Jeff's PhD advisor(?):--> [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]]
| [[MATLAB]], [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]],<!--only the parser is implemented by Femtolisp, a [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]] implementation (see: "unsupported" "julia --lisp" that invokes it) the only influence from Lisp/Scheme are Lisp-like macros, redundant to list Scheme. Also Dylan was cut from the list despite its "multiple dispatch"--> [[C (programming language)|C]], [[Fortran]], [[Mathematica]]<ref>{{cite web
| title = Why We Created Julia
| date = February 2012
| website = Julia website
| url = http://julialang.org/blog/2012/02/why-we-created-julia
| access-date = 7 February 2013
}}</ref> (strictly its [[Wolfram Language]]), [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Perl]], [[R (programming language)|R]], [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]], [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Introduction|url=http://julia.readthedocs.org/en/latest/manual/introduction/|website=The Julia Manual|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408134008/http://julia.readthedocs.org/en/latest/manual/introduction/|archive-date=8 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2012
| [[P (programming language)|P]]
| Vivek Gupta, Ethan Jackson, Shaz Qadeer, Sriram Rajamani, [[Microsoft]]
|
|-
| 2012
| [[Ada (programming language)|Ada 2012]]
| ARA and Ada Europe (ISO/IEC 8652:2012)
| Ada 2005, ISO/IEC 8652:1995/Amd 1:2007
|-
| 2013
| [[P4 (programming language)|P4]]
| P4 Language Consortium ([https://P4.org P4.org])
|-
| 2013
| [[PureScript]]
| Phil Freeman
| [[Haskell]]
|-
| 2013
| [[Hopscotch (programming language)|Hopscotch]]
| Hopscotch Technologies
| [[Scratch (programming language)|Scratch]]
|-
| 2013
| [[Cuneiform (programming language)|Cuneiform]]
| Jörgen Brandt
| [[Swift (parallel scripting language)|Swift]] (the parallel scripting language)
|-
| 2013
| [[Lean (programming language)|Lean]]
| [[Microsoft Research]]
| [[ML (programming language)|ML]], [[Coq (software)|Coq]], [[Haskell]], [[Agda (programming language)|Agda]]
|-
| 2013
| [[Hy (programming language)|Hy]]
| Paul Tagliamonte
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]], [[Clojure]]
|-
| 2014
| [[Crystal (programming language)|Crystal]]
| Ary Borenszweig, Manas Technology Solutions
| [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]], [[Go (programming language)|Go]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]]
|-
| 2014
| [[Hack (programming language)|Hack]]
| [[Facebook]]
| [[PHP]]
|-
| 2014
| [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]]
| [[Apple Inc.]]
| [[Objective-C]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]], [[Haskell]], [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[CLU (programming language)|CLU]]
|-
| 2014
| [[C++14]]
| C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2014
| [[C++11]], Standard C, [[C (programming language)|C]]
|-
| 2014
| [[Solidity]]
| [[Gavin Wood]], [[Ethereum]]
| [[JavaScript]], [[C++]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]]
|-
| 2015
| [[Raku (programming language)|Raku]]
| [[Larry Wall]], [https://github.com/rakudo/rakudo/blob/master/CREDITS The Rakudo Team]
| [[Perl]], [[Haskell]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]]
|-
| 2015
| [[Zig (programming language)|Zig]]
| Andrew Kelley
| [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[LLVM IR]], [[Go (programming language)|Go]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]]
|-
| 2016
| [[Reason (programming language)|Reason]]
| Jordan Walke
| [[JavaScript]], [[OCaml]]<ref>{{Citation|title=Simple, fast & type safe code that leverages the JavaScript & OCaml ecosystems: facebook/reason|date=2019-03-24|url=https://github.com/facebook/reason|publisher=Facebook|access-date=2019-03-24}}</ref>
|-
| 2016
| [[Ring (programming language)|Ring]]
| [[Mahmoud Samir Fayed]]
| [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[BASIC]], [[QML]], [[xBase]], Supernova<ref name="The Ring programming language and other languages">{{cite web |url=http://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.16/introduction.html#ring-and-other-languages |title=The Ring programming language and other languages |author=Ring Team |date=23 October 2021 |work=ring-lang.net }}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| [[C++17]]
| C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2017
| [[C++14]], Standard C, [[C (programming language)|C]]
|-
| 2017
| [[AssemblyScript]]
| The AssemblyScript Project<ref name="as-wg">{{cite web|url=https://github.com/AssemblyScript/working-group|title=AssemblyScript Working Group|author=The AssemblyScript Project|date=2020-04-24|website=GitHub.com|publisher=AssemblyScript Project|access-date=2021-02-10|quote=Daniel Wirtz (@dcodeIO) - Author of AssemblyScript}}</ref>
| [[JavaScript]], [[TypeScript]], [[WebAssembly]]
|-
| 2017
| [[Ballerina (programming language)|Ballerina]]
| [[WSO2]], open source<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/ballerina-platform/ballerina-lang|title=The Ballerina Programming Language|date=25 November 2019|website=GitHub}}</ref>
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[JavaScript]], [[Go (programming language)|Go]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]
|-
| 2017
| [[Q Sharp|Q#]]
| [[Microsoft]]
| [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[F Sharp (programming language)|F#]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]]
|-
| 2018
| [[C17 (C standard revision)|C17]]
| ISO/IEC 9899:2018
| [[C11 (C standard revision)|C11]]
|-
| 2018
| [[Fortran#Fortran 2018|Fortran 2018]]
| ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG5 N2150:2018
| [[Fortran#Fortran 2008|Fortran 2008]]
|-
| 2019
| [[Bosque (programming language)|Bosque]]
| Mark Marron, [[Microsoft]]
| [[JavaScript]], [[TypeScript]], [[ML (programming language)|ML]]
|-
| 2019
| [[V (programming language)|V (Vlang)]]
| Alexander Medvednikov
| [[C (programming language)|C]], [[Go (programming language)|Go]], [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]], [[Oberon (programming language)|Oberon]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]], [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]]
|- class="sortbottom"
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|}
 
==2020s==
<references/>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|-
| 2020
| [[C++20]]
| C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2020
| [[C++17]], Standard C, [[C (programming language)|C]]
|-
| 2021
| [[Microsoft Power Fx]]
| Vijay Mital, Robin Abraham, Shon Katzenberger, Darryl Rubin, [[Microsoft]]
| [[Microsoft Excel|Excel formulas]]
|-
| 2022
| [[Carbon (programming language)|Carbon]]
| [[Google]]
| [[C++]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]], [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]], [[Zig (programming language)|Zig]], [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]], [[Haskell]]
|-
| 2023
| [[Mojo (programming language)|Mojo]]
| Modular
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]], [[Cython]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[CUDA]], Swift, Zig
|-
| 2023
| [[Ada (programming language)|Ada 2023]]
| ISO/IEC 8652:2023
| Ada 2012 / ISO/IEC 8652:2012
|-
| 2023
| [[Fortran#Fortran 2023|Fortran 2023]]
| ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22 2023
| [[Fortran#Fortran 2018|Fortran 2018]]
|-
| 2024
| [[Gleam (programming language)|Gleam]]
| Louis Pilfold, Fly.io
| [[Erlang (programming language) |Erlang]], [[Elixir (programming language) |Elixir]], [[Elm (programming language)|Elm]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]], [[Go (programming language)|Go]], [[OCaml]], [[JavaScript]]
|-
| 2024
| [[C++23]]
| C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2024
| [[C++20]], Standard C, [[C (programming language)|C]]
|-
| 2024
| [[C23 (C standard revision)|C23]]
| ISO/IEC 9899:2024
| [[C17 (C standard revision)|C17]]
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
! Year
! Name
! Chief developer, company
! Predecessor(s)
|}
 
== See also ==
* [[Programming language]]
* [[Timeline of computing]]
* [[History of computing hardware]]
* [[History of programming languages]]
* [[Programming language]]
* [[Timeline of computing]]
* [[Programming language theory#Timeline|Timeline of programming language theory]]
 
==External linksReferences==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://hopl.murdoch.edu.au Online encyclopedia for the history of programming languages]
 
* [http://merd.sourceforge.net/pixel/language-study/diagram.html Diagram & history of programming languages]
==External links==
* [http://hopl.info/ Online Historical Encyclopaedia of Programming Languages]
* [https://merd.sourceforge.net/pixel/language-study/diagram.html Diagram & history of programming languages]
* [http://www.levenez.com/lang/ Eric Levenez's timeline diagram of computer languages history]
* [http://www.aisee.com/graph_of_the_month/lang.htm aiSee's timeline diagram of computer languages history]
 
[[Category:Computing timelines|{{Programming]] languages}}
{{Timelines of computing}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline Of Programming Languages}}
[[Category:Computing timelines|Programming]]
[[Category:Lists of programming languages]]
[[Category:History of computer science]]
 
[[de:Zeittafel der Programmiersprachen]]
[[es:Cronología de los lenguajes de programación]]
[[fr:Chronologie des langages de programmation]]
[[ia:Lista chronologic de linguages de programmation]]
[[it:Elenco cronologico dei linguaggi di programmazione]]
[[no:Tidslinje over programmeringsspråk]]
[[ro:Listă cronologică de limbaje de programare]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_programming_languages"