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{{Short description|Japanese variation of the NTSC analog television standard}}
{{Refimprove|date=January 2017}}
{{Analog television encoding systems by nation}}
'''NTSC-J''' or "System J" is the informal designation for the [[analog signal|analogue]] [[television]] standard used in [[Japan]]. The system is based on the US [[NTSC]] ([[CCIR System M|NTSC-M]]) standard with minor differences.<ref>{{cite book |last=Parekh |first=Ranjan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jacQAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22ntsc-j%22+-wiki+-console+-consola&pg=PA354 |title=Principles of Multimedia |date=July 1, 2013 |publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education |isbn=9781259006500 |via=Google Books}}</ref> While NTSC-M is an official [[ITU-R|CCIR]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Korea Electronics Association |url=https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO199173871470038.pdf |title=Journal of Korean Electronics |year=1991}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Alonso |first1=Rodney Martínez |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7177274 |title="Co-channel and adjacent channel interference in DTMB with 6MHz channel bandwidth" |last2=Pupo |first2=Ernesto Fontes |last3=Pan |first3=Changyong |date=June 10, 2015 |isbn=978-1-4799-5865-8 |pages=1–5 |doi=10.1109/BMSB.2015.7177274 |via=IEEE Xplore |s2cid=11038252}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite web |title=C.C.I.R - Documents of the Xlth Plenary Assembly Oslo, 1966 |url=https://search.itu.int/history/HistoryDigitalCollectionDocLibrary/4.277.43.en.1006.pdf}}</ref> and [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]]<ref name="name">National Television System Committee (1951–1953), Report and Reports of Panel No. 11, 11-A, 12–19, with Some supplementary references cited in the Reports, and the Petition for adoption of transmission standards for color television before the Federal Communications Commission, n.p., 1953], 17 v. illus., diagrs., tables. 28 cm. LC Control No.:54021386 [http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&PAGE=First Library of Congress Online Catalog]</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Herbert |first=Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i_MndBVwJL8C&dq=525-line+standard+July+1%2C+1941.&pg=PA263 |title=A History of Early Television |date=June 21, 2004 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9780415326681 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Meadow |first=Charles T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iDEuQ_l__i0C&dq=525-line+standard+July+1%2C+1941.&pg=PA240 |title=Making Connections: Communication through the Ages |date=February 11, 2002 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=9781461706915 |via=Google Books}}</ref> standard, NTSC-J or "System J" are a colloquial indicators.
==See also==▼
The system was introduced by [[NHK]] and [[Nippon TV|NTV]], with regular color broadcasts starting on September 10, 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=1960-1961: Begins Mass Production of Color TVs {{!}} Sharp Corporation {{!}} Sharp Global |url=https://global.sharp/corporate/info/his/h_company/1960_1961/index.html |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=global.sharp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Manners |first=David |date=2021-06-08 |title=Japan Starts Colour TV Broadcasts |url=https://www.electronicsweekly.com/blogs/mannerisms/memory-lane/771607-2021-06/ |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=Electronics Weekly |language=en}}</ref>
NTSC-J was replaced by [[ISDB|digital broadcasts]] in 44 of the country's 47 prefectures on 24 July 2011. Analogue broadcasting ended on 31 March 2012 in the three prefectures devastated by the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami]] ([[Iwate Prefecture|Iwate]], [[Miyagi Prefecture|Miyagi]], [[Fukushima Prefecture|Fukushima]]) and the subsequent [[Fukushima nuclear disaster|Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster]].
The term NTSC-J is also incorrectly and informally used to distinguish regions in [[Video game console|console video games]], which use televisions (see [[#Marketing definition|Marketing definition]] below).
== Technical definition ==
[[File:Analog-TV-Systems.jpg|thumb|500px|A list of analog television systems worldwide; "System J" of NTSC is designated in dark red]]
Japan implemented the [[NTSC]] standard with slight differences. The [[Black level|black]] and [[Blanking level|blanking levels]] of the NTSC-J signal are identical to each other<ref>{{cite book |last=Poynton |first=Charles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MUQ31-NzjEkC&dq=%22ntsc-j%22+-wiki+-console+-consola&pg=PA407 |title=Digital Video and HD: Algorithms and Interfaces |date=January 3, 2003 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780080504308 |via=Google Books}}</ref> (both at 0 [[IRE (unit)|IRE]], similar to the [[PAL]] video standard), while in American NTSC the black level is slightly higher (7.5 [[IRE (unit)|IRE]]) than blanking level - because of the way this appears in the waveform, the higher black level is also called pedestal. This small difference doesn't cause any incompatibility problems, but needs to be compensated by a slight change of the TV brightness setting in order to achieve proper images.
[[YIQ]] color encoding in NTSC-J uses slightly different equations and ranges from regular NTSC. <math>I</math> has a range of 0 to +-334 (+-309 on NTSC-M), and <math>Q</math> has a range of 0 to +-293 (+-271 on NTSC-M).<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Jack |first=Keith |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-ICCW4J80UC&dq=%22ntsc-j%22+-wiki+-console+-consola&pg=PA432 |title=Video Demystified |date=September 21, 2004 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780080481623 |via=Google Books}}</ref>
[[YCbCr]] equations for NTSC-J are <math>C = (Cb-512)*(0.545)*(\sin\omega t) + (Cr-512)*(0.769)*(\cos\omega t)</math>, while on NTSC-M we have <math>C = (Cb-512)*(0.504)*(\sin\omega t) + (Cr-512)*(0.711)*(\cos\omega t)</math>.<ref name=":0" />
NTSC-J also uses a [[White point|white reference]] ([[color temperature]]) of [[Standard illuminant|9300K]] instead of the usual NTSC-U standard of [[Standard illuminant|6500K]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Poynton |first1=Charles |title=Digital video and HDTV: algorithms and interfaces |date=2003 |publisher=Morgan Kaufmann Publishers |isbn=9781558607927 |___location=San Francisco, CA |page=643 |quote="...it is standard for reference white to correspond to light having the spectral and/or colorimetric properties of CIE Illuminant D65 (except in Japan, where the standard white reference is 9300 K)."}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=30 November 1998 |title=Recommendation BT.470-6: Conventional Television Systems |url=https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bt/R-REC-BT.470-6-199811-S!!PDF-E.pdf |access-date=5 November 2016 |website=International Telecommunication Union |publisher=ITU |page=16 |quote="In Japan, the chromaticity of studio monitors is adjusted to a D-white at 9 300 K."}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=21 July 1998 |title=Guideline for Colorimetry for 1125/60 HDTV Production System |url=http://www.arib.or.jp/english/html/overview/doc/4-TR-B09v1_0.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413094712/http://arib.or.jp/english/html/overview/doc/4-TR-B09v1_0.pdf |archive-date=13 April 2013 |access-date=5 November 2016 |website=Association of Radio Industries and Businesses |page=4 |language=ja |quote="D93: D93は9,305 K色温度であり、日本におけるモニタの基準白色として使用されている。" [D93 represents a color temperature of 9,305 K, and it is the white reference used for monitors in Japan.]}}</ref>
The over-the-air [[Broadcasting|RF frequencies]] used in Japan do not match those of the US NTSC standard. On VHF the frequency spacing for each channel is 6 MHz as in [[North America]], [[South America]], [[Caribbean]], [[South Korea]], [[Taiwan]], Burma ([[Myanmar]]) the [[Philippines]], except between channels 7 and 8 (which overlap). Channels 1 through 3 are reallocated for the expansion of the [[FM broadcast band|Japanese FM band]]. On UHF frequency spacing for each channel in Japan is the same, but the channel numbers are 1 lower than on the other areas mentioned - for example, channel 13 in Japan is on the same frequency as channel 14. For more information see [[Television channel frequencies]]. Channels 13-62 are used for analog and digital TV broadcasting.
The encoding of the [[Subcarrier|stereo subcarrier]] also differs between [[NTSC#NTSC-M|NTSC-M]]/[[Multichannel Television Sound|MTS]] and Japanese [[EIAJ MTS]] broadcasts.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Numaguchi |first=Yasutaka |date=December 1979 |title=Present Status of Multichannel-Sound Television Broadcasting in Japan |journal=IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting |volume=BC-25 |issue=4 |pages=128–136 |doi=10.1109/TBC.1979.266340 |s2cid=19830970}}</ref>
== Marketing definition ==
The term NTSC-J was informally used to distinguish [[Regional lockout#Video games|regions in console video games]], which use televisions. NTSC-J is used as the name of the video gaming region of Japan (hence the "J"), South East Asia (some countries only), Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Philippines and South Korea (now NTSC-K) (formerly part of SE Asia with Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, etc.).<ref>{{cite web |title=PlayStation DataCenter - NTSC-J List |url=https://psxdatacenter.com/ntsc-j_list.html |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=psxdatacenter.com}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=2011-08-01 |title=NTSC-J And NTSC-U PSone Classics Confirmed For SCEE |url=https://blog.playstation.com/archive/2011/08/01/ntsc-j-and-ntsc-u-psone-classics-confirmed-for-scee |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=PlayStation.Blog |language=en-US}}</ref>
Most games designated as part of this region will not run on hardware designated as part of the NTSC-U, PAL (or PAL-E, "E" stands for Europe) or [[NTSC-C]] (for [[China]]) mostly due to the regional differences of the [[PAL]] ([[SECAM]] was also used in the early 1990s) and [[NTSC]] standards.<ref>{{cite web |title=PlayStation DataCenter - NTSC-U List |url=https://psxdatacenter.com/ntsc-u_list.html |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=psxdatacenter.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PlayStation DataCenter - PAL List |url=https://psxdatacenter.com/pal_list.html |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=psxdatacenter.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sony PlayStation 2 (NTSC-U/C) {{!}} Game Metadata and Citation Project Controlled Vocabularies |url=https://gamemetadata.soe.ucsc.edu/platform/1068 |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=gamemetadata.soe.ucsc.edu}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Many older video game systems do not allow games from different regions to be played (accomplished by various forms of [[regional lockout]]); however more modern consoles either leave protection to the discretion of publishers, such as [[Microsoft]]'s [[Xbox 360]], or discontinue its use entirely, like [[Sony]]'s [[PlayStation 3]] (with a few exceptions).
[[China]] received its own designation due to fears of an influx of illegal copies flooding out of China, which is notorious for its rampant copyright infringements. There is also concern of copyright protection through regional lockout built into the video game systems and games themselves, as the same product can be edited by different publishers from one continent to another.
▲== See also ==
* [[Television in Japan]]
;[[Broadcast television systems]]
* [[ATSC standards|ATSC]]
* [[Multichannel Television Sound|BTSC]]
* [[EIAJ MTS]]
* [[NTSC]]
* [[Clear-Vision]]
* [[PAL]]
* [[SECAM]]
;Related topics
* [[RCA]]
* [[Prewar television stations|Oldest television station]]
* [[NTSC-C]]
* [[Regional lockout#Video games|NTSC-U]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{TV resolution}}
{{Video formats}}
[[Category:Television technology]]
[[Category:Japanese inventions]]
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