Bilabial consonant: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Consonant articulated with both lips}}

{{Place_of_articulation}}

{{IPA notice}}

In [[phonetics]], a '''bilabial consonant''' is a [[consonant]] articulated with both [[lip]]s. The bilabial consonants identified by the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA) are:

In [[phonetics]], a '''bilabial consonant''' is a [[labial consonant]] [[place of articulation|articulated]] with both [[lip]]s.

== Frequency ==

{|border="1px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" style="border-collapse:collapse"

Bilabial consonants are very common across languages. Only around 0.7% of the world's languages lack bilabial consonants altogether, including [[Tlingit language|Tlingit]], [[Chipewyan language|Chipewyan]], [[Oneida language|Oneida]], and [[Wichita language|Wichita]],<ref>{{ citation | last= Maddieson | first= Ian | date=2008 | chapter= Absence of Common Consonants | editor1-last= Haspelmath | editor1-first= Martin | editor2-last= Dryer | editor2-first= Matthew S. |editor3-last= Gil | editor3-first= David |editor4-last= Comrie |editor4-first= Bernard |title= The World Atlas of Language Structures Online |place= Munich |publisher= Max Planck Digital Library | chapter-url= http://wals.info/feature/18}}</ref> though all of these have a labial–velar approximant {{IPAslink|w}}.

|-style="background:gray; color:white; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"

==Varieties==

Some bilabial consonants identified by the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA) are:

{|class=wikitable

|-

! rowspan="2" | IPA

! rowspan="2" | Description

! colspan="4" | Example

|-style="background:gray; color:white; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"

| Language

| Orthography

| IPA

| Meaning

|-

! Language

| style="text-align:center" | [[Image:Xsampa-m.png]]

! Orthography

| [[bilabial nasal]]

! IPA

! Meaning

|-

! {{IPA|m̥}}

| [[voiceless bilabial nasal]]

| [[Hmong language|Hmong]]

| {{lang|hmn|'''Hm'''oob}}

| {{IPA|[m̥ɔ̃́]}}

| Hmong

|-

! {{IPA|m}}

| [[voiced bilabial nasal]]

| [[English language|English]]

| <span style="color:#700000">'''m'''</span>an

| {{IPA|['''m'''æn]}}

| [<span style="color:#700000">'''{{IPA|m}}'''</span>{{IPA|&#230;n}}]

| [[man]]

|-

! {{IPA|p}}

| style="text-align:center" | [[Image:Xsampa-p.png]]

| [[voiceless bilabial plosive]]

| [[English language|English]]

| s<span style="color:#700000">'''p'''</span>in

| [{{IPA|[s}}<span style="color:#700000">'''{{IPA|p}}'''</span>{{IPA|&#618;nɪn]}}]

| [[spin]]

|-

! {{IPA|b}}

| style="text-align:center" | [[Image:Xsampa-b.png]]

| [[voiced bilabial plosive]]

| [[English language|English]]

| <span style="color:#700000">'''b'''</span>ed

| {{IPA|['''b'''ɛd]}}

| [<span style="color:#700000">'''{{IPA|b}}'''</span>{{IPA|&#603;d}}]

| bed

| [[bed (furniture)|bed]]

|-

! {{IPA|p͜ɸ}}

| style="text-align:center" | [[Image:Xsampa-pslash.png]]

| [[voiceless bilabial affricate]]

|[[Kaingang language|Kaingang]]{{sfnp|Jolkesky|2009|pp=680-681}}

| {{lang|kgp|'''f'''y}}

| {{IPA|[ˈp͜ɸɤ]}}

| 'seed'

|-

! {{IPA|b͜β}}

| [[voiced bilabial affricate]]

| [[Shipibo language|Shipibo]]{{sfnp|Valenzuela|Márquez Pinedo|Maddieson|2001|p=}}

| {{lang|shp|'''b'''oko}}

| {{IPA|[ˈb͜βo̽ko̽]}}

| '[[small intestine]]'

|-

! {{IPA|ɸ}}

| [[voiceless bilabial fricative]]

| [[Japanese language|Japanese]]

| &#23500;&#22763;&#23665;{{lang|ja|富士山}} (<span style="color:#700000">{{Transliteration|ja|'''f'''</span>ujisan}})

| {{IPA|['''ɸ'''ɯʑisaɴ]}}

| [<span style="color:#700000">'''{{IPA|&#632;}}'''</span>{{IPA|u&#x02A5;isa&#628;}}]

| [[Mount Fuji]]

|-

! {{IPA|β}}

| style="text-align:center" | [[Image:Xsampa-B2.png]]

| [[voiced bilabial fricative]]

| [[DutchEwe language|DutchEwe]]

| {{lang|ee|ɛ'''ʋ'''ɛ}}

| <span style="color:#700000">'''w'''</span>aar

| {{IPA|[ɛ̀'''β'''ɛ̀]}}

| [<span style="color:#700000">'''{{IPA|&#946;}}'''</span>{{IPA|a&#638;}}]

| Ewe

| [[wiktionary:waar|authentic]]

|-

! {{IPA|β̞}}

| style="text-align:center" | [[image:IPA-voiced_bilabial_approximant.png]]

| [[bilabial approximant]]

| [[Spanish language|Spanish]]

| {{lang|es|lo<span style="color:#700000">'''b'''</span>o}}

| [{{IPA|[lo}}<span style="color:#700000">'''{{IPA|&#946;&#798;}}β̞'''</span>{{IPA|o]}}]

| [[wolf]]

|-

! {{IPA|ⱱ̟}}

| style="text-align:center" | [[Image:Xsampa-Bslash.png]]

| [[voiced bilabial trillflap]]

| [[Mono language (Congo)|Mono]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Olson|2004|p=233}}</ref>

|

| {{lang|mnh|'''vw'''a}}

|

| {{IPA|['''ⱱ̟'''a]}}

|

| 'send'

|

|-

! {{IPA|ʙ̥}}

| style="text-align:center" | [[Image:Xsampa-Oslash.png]]

| [[voiceless bilabial clicktrill]]

| [[Pará Arára language|Pará Arára]]<ref>{{Cite thesis|last=de Souza|first=Isaac Costa|title=A Phonological Description of "Pet Talk" in Arara|type=MA|chapter=3|chapter-url=http://www-01.sil.org/americas/brasil/publcns/ling/ARPetTlk.pdf|year=2010|publisher=SIL Brazil|access-date=2014-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012055939/http://www-01.sil.org/americas/brasil/publcns/ling/ARPetTlk.pdf|archive-date=2013-10-12|url-status=dead}}</ref>

|

|colspan=2 | {{IPA|[ʙ̥uta]}}

|

| 'to throw away'

|

|-

! {{IPA|ʙ}}

| [[voiced bilabial trill]]

| [[Nias language|Nias]]

| {{lang|nia|si'''mb'''i}}

| {{IPA|[si'''ʙ'''i]}}

| lower jaw

|-

! {{IPA|pʼ}}

| [[bilabial ejective stop]]

| [[Adyghe language|Adyghe]]

| {{lang|ady|'''п'''Ӏэ}}

| {{IPA|['''pʼ'''a]}}

| meat

|-

! {{IPA|ɸʼ}}

| [[bilabial ejective fricative]]

| [[Yuchi language|Yuchi]]<ref>{{cite journal|last=Crawford|first=James M.|year=1973|title=Yuchi Phonology|journal=International Journal of American Linguistics|volume=39|issue=3|pages=173–179|doi=10.1086/465261|s2cid=224808560}}</ref>

| {{lang|yuc|'''ḟ'''asę}}

| {{IPA|['''ɸ’'''asẽ]}}

|{{gloss|good evening!}}

|-

! {{IPA|ɓ̥}}

| [[voiceless bilabial implosive]]

| [[Kaqchikel language|Kaqchikel]]

| {{lang|cak|'''b'<nowiki/>'''ojoy}}

|{{IPA|['''ɓ̥'''oχoj]|lang=cak}}

|'pot'

|-

! {{IPA|ɓ}}

| [[voiced bilabial implosive]]

| [[Jamaican Patois]]

| {{lang|jam|'''b'''eat}}

| {{IPA|['''ɓ'''iːt]}}

| beat

|-

! {{IPA|k͡ʘ q͡ʘ<br>ɡ͡ʘ ɢ͡ʘ<br>ŋ͡ʘ ɴ͡ʘ}}

| [[bilabial click]]s (many distinct consonants)

| [[Nǁng language|Nǁng]]

| {{lang|ngh|'''ʘ'''oe}}

| {{IPA|['''k͡ʘ'''oe]}}

| meat

|}

Owere [[Igbo language|Igbo]] has a six-way contrast among bilabial plosivesstops: {{IPA|[p p&#688;pʰ &#595;&#805;ɓ̥ b b&#804;b̤ &#595;ɓ]}}.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}

==See alsoOther varieties ==

The [[extensions to the IPA]] also define a '''{{vanchor|bilabial percussive}}''' ({{IPAblink|ʬ|audio=y}}) for [[percussive consonant|smacking the lips together]]. A lip-smack in the non-percussive sense of the lips audibly parting would be {{IPA|[ʬ↓]}}.<ref>{{cite book |last=Heselwood |first=Barry |title= Phonetic Transcription in Theory and Practice |year=2013 |page=121 |doi=10.3366/edinburgh/9780748640737.001.0001 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |jstor=10.3366/j.ctt9qdrqz|isbn=978-0-7486-4073-7 |s2cid=60269763 }}</ref>

The [[IPA chart]] shades out ''bilabial lateral consonants'', which is sometimes read as indicating that such sounds are not possible. The fricatives {{IPA|[ɸ]}} and {{IPA|[β]}} are often lateral, but since no language makes a distinction for centrality, the allophony is not noticeable.

==See also==

* [[Place of articulation]]

* [[ListIndex of phonetics topicsarticles]]

== References ==

=== Citations ===

{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===

==== General references ====

{{refbegin}}

* {{citation |last=Jolkesky |first=Marcelo Pinho de Valhery |year=2009 |title=Fonologia e prosódia do Kaingáng falado em Cacique Doble |journal=Anais do SETA |volume=3 |pages=675–685 |place=Campinas |publisher=Editora do IEL-UNICAMP |url=http://www.iel.unicamp.br/revista/index.php/seta/article/view/557/474}}

* {{SOWL}}

* {{cite book |last=McDorman |first=Richard E. |year=1999 |title=Labial Instability in Sound Change: Explanations for the Loss of /p/ |___location=Chicago |publisher=Organizational Knowledge Press |isbn=0-9672537-0-5}}

* {{cite journal |last=Olson |first=Kenneth S. |year=2004 |title=Mono |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=233–238 |doi=10.1017/S0025100304001744 |url=http://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/11/37/52/113752932904084361138922206226269471614/Olson2004.pdf |doi-access=free}}

* {{cite journal |last1=Valenzuela |first1=Pilar M. |last2=Márquez Pinedo |first2=Luis |last3=Maddieson |first3=Ian |year=2001 |title=Shipibo |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=281–285 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40852342 |doi=10.1017/S0025100301002109 |doi-access=free}}

{{refend}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bilabial Consonant}}

[[ar:شفتاني]]

[[Category:Place of articulation]]

[[da:Bilabial]]

[[deCategory:Bilabial consonants| ]]

[[fr:Consonne bilabiale]]

[[ko:양순음]]

[[ja:両唇音]]

[[pt:Bilabial]]

[[sv:Bilabial konsonant]]

[[zh:双唇音]]