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Undid revision 1303593077 by Ponyo (talk) The "German South West Africa" page here on the english wikipedia says 24 too. |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1884}}
{{Year nav|1884}}
{{C19 year in topic}}
{{Year article header|1884}}
[[File:General Gordon's Last Stand.jpg|thumb|right| [[March 13]]: [[Siege of Khartoum]].]]
{{TOC limit|2}}
[[File:Kongokonferenz.jpg|thumb|[[November 15]]: [[Berlin Conference]]]]
== Events ==
===January===
* [[January 4]] – The [[Fabian Society]] is founded in London to promote gradualist social progress.
* [[January 5]] – [[Gilbert and Sullivan]]'s comic opera ''[[Princess Ida]]'', a satire on feminism, premières at the [[Savoy Theatre]], London.
* [[January 7]] – German microbiologist [[Robert Koch]] isolates ''[[Vibrio cholerae]]'', the [[cholera]] [[bacillus]], working in India.<ref>Koch, R. (1884-03-20). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=yY41AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA191 Sechster Bericht der deutschen wissenschaftlichen Commission zur Erforschung der Cholera]". ''Deutsche medizinische Wochenscrift'' '''10'''(12): 191–2.</ref>
* [[January 18]] – [[William Price (physician)|William Price]] attempts to cremate his dead baby son, Iesu Grist, in Wales. Later tried and acquitted on the grounds that [[cremation]] is not contrary to [[English law]], he is thus able to carry out the ceremony (the first in the United Kingdom in modern times) on [[March 14]], setting a legal precedent.<ref>{{cite book|title=Blood and Mistletoe: The History of the Druids in Britain|author-link=Ronald Hutton|last=Hutton|first=Ronald|year=2009|publisher=Yale University Press|___location=New Haven|isbn=978-0-300-14485-7}}</ref>
* [[January]] – [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]'s anonymous story "[[J. Habakuk Jephson's Statement]]" appears in the ''[[Cornhill Magazine]]'' (London). Based on the disappearance of the crew of the ''[[Mary Celeste]]'' in [[1872]], many of the fictional elements introduced by Doyle come to replace the real events in the popular imagination.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jones|first=Thomas|title=Arthur Conan Doyle and the ''Mary Celeste''|journal=[[London Review of Books]]|date=2005-02-17|volume=27|issue=4|page=22|url=https://www.lrb.co.uk/v27/n04/thomas-jones/short-cuts|access-date=2024-12-14}}</ref>
==
* [[February 1]] – ''A New English Dictionary on historical principles, part 1'' (edited by [[James Murray (lexicographer)|James A. H. Murray]]), the first fascicle of what will become ''The [[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', is published in England.<ref>{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref>
* [[February 5]] – [[Derby County F.C.|Derby County Football Club]] is founded in England.
===
* [[March 13]] – The [[Siege of Khartoum]] begins in the [[Sudan]] as part of the [[Mahdist War]]: an Egyptian garrison led by British [[Charles George Gordon|General Charles Gordon]] and Sudanese civilians are besieged by [[Mahdist State|Mahdist]] forces;<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|author2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|___location=London|pages=309–310|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref> the city falls on [[January 26]], [[1885]].
* [[March 28]] – [[Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany|Prince Leopold]], the youngest son and eighth child of [[Queen Victoria]] and [[Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Albert]], dies, aged 30 in [[Cannes]] ([[France]]) following a fall complicated by his [[haemophilia]]. His son, [[Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], is born nearly 4 months later.
* [[March]] – [[John Joseph Montgomery]] conducts the first manned glider flights in the United States near Otay, California.
==
* [[April 4]] – The [[Treaty of Valparaiso]], an armistice between [[Chile]] and [[Bolivia]], ends the [[War of the Pacific]]; Bolivia is obliged to cede [[Antofagasta]] to Chile, leaving Bolivia as a [[landlocked country]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The International Politics of Latin America|last=Calvert|first=Peter|publisher=Manchester University Press|year=1994|page=80}}</ref>
* [[April 20]] – [[Pope Leo XIII]] publishes the [[encyclical]] ''[[Humanum genus]]'', denouncing [[Freemasonry]] and certain liberal beliefs which he considers to be associated with it.
* [[April 24]]
** A German protectorate is established over [[German South-West Africa|South-West Africa]].
** The [[1884 Colchester earthquake|Colchester earthquake]] ("the Great English earthquake") measuring EMS-98 VIII ''(Heavily damaging)''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bib.gfz-potsdam.de/pub/str0302/0302_cat.pdf|title=An earthquake catalogue for central, northern and northwestern Europe based on Mw magnitudes / Annex. STR 03/02|last=GeoForschungsZentrum|page=68|accessdate=2011-12-16}}</ref> is the UK's most destructive, although no direct fatalities can be confirmed.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Musson|first=R. M. W.|url=https://academic.oup.com/astrogeo/article-pdf/44/1/1.14/420519/44-1-1.14.pdf|title=Fatalities in British earthquakes|journal=Astronomy & Geophysics|volume=44|issue=1|date=2003-02-01|pages=1.14–1.16|doi=10.1046/j.1468-4004.2003.44114.x }}</ref>
===
* [[May 1]] – The [[Eight-hour day|eight-hour workday]] is first proclaimed by the [[Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions]] in the United States. This date, called ''[[May Day]]'' or ''[[Labour Day]]'', becomes a holiday recognized in almost every industrialized country.
* [[May 4]] – The [[Panic of 1884]] creates a credit shortage that accelerates the current [[United States]] economic recession into the [[Depression of 1882–1885]].
* [[May 16]]
** [[Angelo Moriondo]] of [[Turin]] is granted a [[patent]] for an [[espresso machine]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Patent #33/256|journal=Bollettino delle Privative Industriali del Regno d'Italia|series=2nd Series|volume=15|year=1884|pages=635–655}}</ref>
** [[Sweden]]'s Finance Minister [[Robert Themptander]] becomes his country's Prime Minister (1884–88).
===
* [[June 4]] (N.S.) ([[May 23]] O.S.) – The future [[flag of Estonia]] is consecrated as the flag of the [[Estonian Students' Society]].
* [[June 13]] – [[LaMarcus Adna Thompson]] opens the "Gravity Pleasure [[Switchback Railway]]" at [[Coney Island]], New York City.
* [[June 28]] – The [[Norwegian Association for Women's Rights]] (''Norsk Kvinnesaksforening'') is founded. Also this year, the [[Fredrika Bremer Association]] (''Fredrika Bremer Förbundet'') is founded in Sweden for the same purpose.
* [[June]] – The first ascent is made of [[Castle Mountain]] in the [[Canadian Rockies]], by geologist [[Arthur Philemon Coleman]].
==
* [[July 1]] – [[First International Forestry Exhibition]] opens in [[Edinburgh]], Scotland.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Forestry Exhibition|newspaper=[[The Morning Post]]|___location=London|date=1884-07-02|page=3}}</ref>
* [[July 3]] – The [[Dow Jones Transportation Average]], consisting of eleven transportation-related companies (nine railroads and two non-rail companies, Western Union and Pacific Mail), is created in the United States. The index is the oldest stock index to remain in use.
* [[
* [[July 7]] – Nagasaki Shipyard, predecessor of the Japanese [[aircraft]] and [[shipbuilding]] business [[Mitsubishi]], is founded on the island of [[Kyushu]].<ref>[[:ja:三菱重工長崎造船所#沿革]] (Japanese language edition) Retrieved on June 28, 2020.</ref>
* [[
* [[July 23]] – The first tennis tournaments, held in the grounds of Shrubland Hall, [[Leamington Spa]], England, are recorded in today's ''Courier''.
===August===
[[File:HARPER'S WEEKLY-NewYork 6 June 1885.jpg|thumb|200px|right| [[August 5]]: [[Statue of Liberty]] erection begins]]
* [[August 5]] – The cornerstone for the [[Statue of Liberty]] is laid on [[Bedloe's Island]] in [[New York Harbor]].
* [[August 10]] – An [[earthquake]] measuring 5.5 {{M|fa|link=y}} affects a very large portion of the eastern United States. The shock has a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of VII (''Very strong''). Chimneys are toppled in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut and Pennsylvania. Property damage is severe in [[Jamaica, Queens]] and [[Amityville, New York]].<ref>{{citation|last1=Stover|first1=C. W.|last2=Coffman|first2=J. L.|title=Seismicity of the United States, 1568–1989|edition=Revised|series=U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1527|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bY0KAQAAIAAJyear|publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office]]|pages=314–316}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* [[August 22]] – The [[Sino-French War]] (for control of [[Tonkin]]) breaks out (continues to April [[1885]]).
* [[August 23]] – [[Sino-French War]]: [[Battle of Fuzhou]] – French Admiral [[Amédée Courbet]]'s [[Far East Squadron]] virtually destroys China's [[Fujian Fleet]].
===September===
* [[September 5]] – [[Staten Island Academy]] is founded.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-07 |title=A History of Renown - Staten Island Academy |url=https://www.statenislandacademy.org/about/academy-history |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=www.statenislandacademy.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[September 15]] – The invention of [[local anesthesia]] by ophthalmologist [[Karl Koller (ophthalmologist)|Karl Koller]] is made public at a medical congress in [[Heidelberg]], Germany.
* [[September 23]]–[[September 24|24]] (night) – Steamship ''Arctique'' runs aground near [[Cape Virgenes]], leading to the discovery of nearby [[Placer mining|placer]] gold and beginning the [[Tierra del Fuego gold rush]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=La minería aurífera en la región austral americana (1869-1950)|journal=[[Historia (history of the Americas journal)|Historia]]|url=https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-71942003003600009|last=Martinic Beros|first=Mateo|volume=36|doi=10.4067/S0717-71942003003600009|year=2003|doi-broken-date=July 1, 2025|language=Spanish|author-link=Mateo Martinic|access-date=January 25, 2021|archive-date=January 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129120413/https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-71942003003600009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===October===
[[File:United States Naval War College museum.jpg|thumb|200px|right| [[October 6]]: US Naval War College founded.]]
* [[October 6]] – The United States [[Naval War College]] is established in [[Newport, Rhode Island]].
* [[October 18]] – The [[Bangor University|University College of North Wales, Bangor]], is founded in the UK.
* [[
** The [[International Meridian Conference]] meeting in Washington, D.C., fixes the [[Greenwich meridian]] as the world's prime meridian (voted on October 13).
** The "[[Nine Graces]]", nine women who are the first to be awarded degrees from the [[Royal University of Ireland]], become the first women in the United Kingdom to be awarded degrees. They include [[Alice Oldham]], [[Isabella Mulvany]] and Charlotte M. Taylor.
* [[October 30]] – [[Hosay massacre]] in Trinidad: British colonial authorities fire on Indian indentured labourers marking a religious festival, killing at least 9.
===November===
* [[
** The Irish [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] is founded in Thurles, Ireland.
** [[Leicester City F.C.]] play their first match, as Leicester Fosse Football Club, in England.
* [[November 2]] – [[Timișoara]], Romania, is the first town in Europe with streets illuminated by electric light.<ref>{{cite book|first=Kurt W.|last=Treptow|title=A History of Romania|___location=Iasi|publisher=Center for Romania Studies|year=1996|isbn=978-0-88033-345-0|page=590}}</ref>
* [[November 4]] – [[1884 United States presidential election]]: [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] governor of New York [[Grover Cleveland]] defeats [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[James G. Blaine]] in a very close contest, to win the first of his non-consecutive terms.
* [[November 15]] – The [[Berlin Conference]], which regulates European [[colonisation of Africa|colonisation]] and trade in Africa, begins (ends February 26, [[1885]]).
===December===
* [[
** [[American Old West]]: Near [[Frisco, New Mexico]], deputy sheriff [[Elfego Baca]] holds off a gang of 80 Texan [[cowboy]]s, who want to kill him for arresting cowboy Charles McCarthy (the cowboys have been terrorizing the area's [[Hispanic|Hispanos]], and Baca is working against them).
** [[Porfirio Díaz]] returns as [[President of Mexico]], an office he will hold until [[1911]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Porfirio Díaz|url=https://www.buscabiografias.com/biografia/verDetalle/633/Porfirio%20Diaz|language=es|website=Busca Biografias|access-date=June 8, 2019}}</ref>
* [[December 4]] – Reformers in Korea who admire the [[Meiji Restoration]] in Japan stage the [[Gapsin Coup]], with Japan's help. China intervenes to rescue the king and help suppress the rebels.
* [[
** The [[Washington Monument]] is completed in Washington, D.C., becoming the [[List of tallest buildings and structures in the world|tallest structure in the world]] at this date.
** The [[Third Reform Act]] widens the adult male electorate in the United Kingdom to around 60%.
* [[December 9]] – [[Tom Dudley]] and Edwin Stephens are convicted of [[murder]] in the survival [[Human cannibalism|cannibalism]] case of ''[[R v. Dudley and Stephens]]'' in the English courts.
* [[December 10]] – [[Mark Twain]]'s ''[[Adventures of Huckleberry Finn]]'' is first published, in London.
* [[December 16]] – The [[World Cotton Centennial]] [[world's fair]] opens in [[New Orleans]].
* [[December 30]] – [[Anton Bruckner]]'s [[Symphony No. 7 (Bruckner)|Symphony No. 7]] is premiered in [[Leipzig]], bringing the composer his first great success.
=== Date unknown ===
* The first Christian [[missionary]] arrives in Korea.
* Police training schools are established in every [[prefecture]] in Japan.
* The [[Yellow Crane Tower]] last burns in [[Wuhan]].
* Scottish [[Plymouth Brethren]] [[missionary]] [[Frederick Stanley Arnot]] identifies the source of the [[Zambezi]] River, near [[Kalene Hill]].
* The [[Stefan–Boltzmann law]] is reformulated by [[Ludwig Boltzmann]].
* Mexican General [[Manuel Mondragón]] designs an early form of the [[Mondragón rifle]], the world's first automatic rifle.
* [[Thomas Parker (inventor)|Thomas Parker]] builds a practical production [[electric car]] in Wolverhampton (England) using his own specially designed high-capacity rechargeable batteries.
* The [[water hyacinth]] is introduced in the United States, and quickly becomes an [[invasive species]].
== Births ==
{{BDToC|births|unknown=yes|section1=2|section2=2|section3=2|section4=2|section5=2|section6=2|section7=2|section8=2|section9=2|section10=2|section11=2|section12=21|sectionu=2}}
===January===
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13738, Auguste Piccard.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Auguste Piccard]]]]
[[File:Rickard Sandler - Sveriges styresmän.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Rickard Sandler]]]]
[[File:PRamirez.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Pedro Pablo Ramírez]]]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1983-098-20a, Heuss.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Theodor Heuss]]]]
* [[
** [[Chikuhei Nakajima]], Japanese naval officer, engineer, and politician, founder of the [[Nakajima Aircraft Company]] (d. [[1949]])
** [[Konstantinos Tsaldaris]], Greek politician, 2-time prime minister of Greece (d. [[1970]])
* [[January 2]] – [[Ben-Zion Dinur]], Russian-born Israeli educator, historian and politician (d. [[1973]])
* [[January 12]] – [[Texas Guinan]], American vaudeville performer (d. [[1933]])
* [[January 20]] – [[Charles W. Whittlesey]], United States Army officer, commander of the ''[[Lost Battalion (World War I)|Lost Battalion]]'' in World War I (d. [[1921]])
* [[January 21]] – [[Roger Nash Baldwin]], American social activist (d. [[1981]])
* [[January 23]] – [[Ralph DePalma]], Italian-born American race car driver (d. [[1956]])
* [[January 24]] – [[Thomas Blamey]], Australian field marshal (d. [[1951]])
* [[January 26]]
**[[Gheorghe Avramescu]], Romanian general (d. [[1945]])
**[[Roy Chapman Andrews]], American explorer, adventurer, and naturalist (d. [[1960]])
* [[January 28]] – [[Auguste Piccard]], Swiss physicist, balloonist, and inventor (d. [[1962]])
* [[January 29]] – [[Rickard Sandler]], 20th prime minister of Sweden (d. [[1964]])
* [[January 30]]
** [[Sōjin Kamiyama]], Japanese actor in American silent films,(d. [[1954]])
** [[Pedro Pablo Ramírez]], 26th [[president of Argentina]], leader of [[World War II]] (d. [[1962]])
* [[January 31]] – [[Theodor Heuss]], German politician, 1st [[List of presidents of Germany|president of West Germany]] (d. [[1963]])
===February===
* [[February 1]] – [[Bradbury Robinson]], American football player, who threw the first [[forward pass]] in [[History of American football|American football history]] (d. [[1949]])
* [[February 8]] – [[Burt Mustin]], American actor (d. [[1977]])
* [[February 12]]
** [[Max Beckmann]], German painter, graphic artist (d. [[1950]])
** [[Marie Vassilieff]], Russian artist (d. [[1957]])
** [[Johan Laidoner]], [[Estonia]]n general and statesman (d.[[1953]])
* [[February 13]] – [[Alfred Carlton Gilbert]], American athlete, inventor (d. [[1961]])
* [[February 15]] – [[Mieczysław Norwid-Neugebauer]], Polish general and politician (d. [[1954]])
* [[February 16]] – [[Robert J. Flaherty]], American filmmaker (d. [[1951]])
* [[February 17]] – [[María Beatriz del Rosario Arroyo]], Filipino [[Roman Catholic]] nun and servant of God (d. [[1957]])
* [[February 20]] – [[Constantin Constantinescu-Claps]], Romanian general (d. [[1961]])
* [[February 22]] – [[Lew Cody]], American actor (d. [[1934]])
* [[February 26]] – [[John Cyril Porte]], Irish-born British [[flying boat]] pioneer (d. [[1919]])
* [[February 28]] – [[Ants Piip]], Prime Minister of Estonia (d. [[1942]])
===March===
* [[March 13]] – Sir [[Hugh Walpole]], English novelist (d. [[1941]])
* [[March 21]] – [[George David Birkhoff]], American mathematician (d. [[1944]])
* [[March 23]] – [[Joseph Boxhall]], [[Titanic|RMS ''Titanic'']] officer and survivor (d. [[1967]])
* [[March 24]] – [[Peter Debye]], Dutch chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1966]])
* [[March 25]] – [[Georges Imbert]], Alsatian chemist (d. [[1950]])
* [[March 26]]
** [[Wilhelm Backhaus]], German pianist (d. [[1969]])
** [[Isaac C. Kidd]], American admiral (d. [[1941]])
* [[March 27]] – [[James Cruze]], American motion picture director (d. [[1942]])
===April===
* [[April 4]] – [[Isoroku Yamamoto]], Japanese admiral (d. [[1943]])
* [[April 5]] – [[Ion Inculeț]], President of Moldova (d. [[1940]])
* [[April 7]] – [[Bronisław Malinowski]], Polish anthropologist (d. [[1942]])
* [[April 12]] – [[Otto Fritz Meyerhof]], German-born physician, biochemist, and recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1951]])
* [[April 20]] – [[Oliver Kirk]], American Olympic boxer (d. [[1960]])
* [[April 22]] – [[Tenby Davies]], Welsh half-mile world champion runner (d. [[1932]])
* [[April 24]] – [[Otto Froitzheim]], German tennis player (d. [[1962]])
===May===
[[File:TRUMAN 58-766-06 (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Harry S. Truman]]]]
* [[May 2]] – [[John Boland (South Dakota politician)|John Boland]], American politician (d. [[1958]])<ref>{{cite news |title=John Boland, Local Pioneer, Dies At 74 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/rapid-city-journal-john-boland-local-pi/149558133/ |access-date=June 19, 2024 |work=[[Rapid City Daily Journal]] |date=October 10, 1958 |pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/article/rapid-city-journal-john-boland-local-pi/149558133/ 1], [https://www.newspapers.com/article/rapid-city-journal-john-boland/149558575/ 2] |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
* [[May 5]] – [[Jean Decoux]], French admiral, [[Governor-General of French Indochina]] (1940–1945) (d. [[1963]])
* [[May 8]] – [[Harry S. Truman]], 33rd [[president of the United States]] (d. [[1972]])
* [[May 10]] – [[Olga Petrova]], English-born American actress (d. [[1977]])
* [[May 14]] – [[Claude Dornier]], German aircraft designer (d. [[1969]])
* [[May 20]] – [[Leon Schlesinger]], American producer, filmmaker (d. [[1949]])
* [[May 22]] – [[Cordelia Camp]], American educator (d. [[1973]])<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Stephens|first=George Myers|date=1979|title=Camp, Cordelia|encyclopedia=[[NCpedia]]|url=https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/camp-cordelia|access-date=19 May 2024}}</ref>
* [[May 23]] – [[Corrado Gini]], Italian statistician, demographer and sociologist (d. [[1965]])
* [[May 27]] – [[Max Brod]], Austrian author (d. [[1968]])
* [[May 28]] – [[Edvard Beneš]], Czechoslovak politician, prime minister and president of Czechoslovakia (d. [[1948]])
* [[May 30]] – [[Robert Alfred Theobald]], American admiral (d. [[1957]])
===June===
[[File:Daladier 1924.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Édouard Daladier]]]]
[[File:Empress Sadako-big-1912.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Empress Teimei]]]]
[[File:Gaston Bachelard.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Gaston Bachelard]]]]
* [[June 13]]
** [[Anton Drexler]], German far-right politician (d. [[1942]])
** [[Gerald Gardner]], English founder of the Wiccan religion (d. [[1964]])
* [[June 17]] – [[Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland]] (d. [[1965]])
* [[June 18]] – [[Édouard Daladier]], Prime Minister of France (d. [[1970]])
* [[June 21]]
** [[Claude Auchinleck]], British field marshal (d. [[1981]])
** [[Gordon Lowe]], British tennis player (d. [[1972]])
* [[June 23]] – [[Cyclone Taylor]], Canadian ice hockey player (d. [[1979]])
* [[June 25]] – [[Empress Teimei]], Japanese consort of [[Emperor Taishō]] (d. [[1951]])
* [[June 27]] – [[Gaston Bachelard]], French philosopher (d. [[1962]])
* [[June 29]] – [[Nicolae Dăscălescu]], Romanian general (d. [[1969]])
* [[June 30]] – [[Franz Halder]], German general (d. [[1972]])
===July===
[[File:Amedeo Modigliani Photo.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Amedeo Modigliani]]]]
* [[July 4]] – [[Louis B. Mayer]], American film producer, studio mogul (d. [[1957]])
* [[July 11]] – [[Howard Estabrook]], American actor, film director and producer, and screenwriter (d. [[1978]])
* [[July 12]] – [[Amedeo Modigliani]], Italian painter, sculptor (d. [[1920]])
* [[July 15]] – [[Phraya Manopakorn Nititada]], Thailand's first prime minister (d. [[1948]])
* [[July 17]] – [[George Bagration of Mukhrani|Prince George Bagration]], Georgian nobleman (d. [[1957]])
* [[July 18]] – [[Alberto di Jorio]], Italian cardinal, secretary of the [[Papal conclave, 1958|1958 conclave]] (d. [[1979]])
* [[July 19]] – [[Maurice Nicoll]], British psychiatrist (d. [[1953]])
* [[July 20]] – [[Félix Julien]], french footballer (d. [[1936]])
* [[July 23]] – [[Emil Jannings]], Swiss-born German actor (d. [[1950]])
* [[July 25]] – [[Rafael Arévalo Martínez]], Guatemalan writer (d. [[1975]])
* [[July 26]] – [[Joseph Sweeney (actor)|Joseph Sweeney]], American actor (d. [[1963]])
* [[July 27]] – [[Kathleen Howard]], Canadian-born American opera singer, character actress (d. [[1956]])
===August ===
[[File:Rómulo Gallegos 1940s.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Rómulo Gallegos]]]]
[[File:Vice-Admiral John S McCain.jpg|thumb|100px|[[John S. McCain Sr.]]]]
[[File:VincentAuriol.png|thumb|100px|[[Vincent Auriol]]]]
* [[August 2]] – [[Rómulo Gallegos]], 48th president of Venezuela (d. [[1969]])
* [[August 7]] – [[Billie Burke]], American actress (d. [[1970]])
* [[August 8]] – [[Sara Teasdale]], American poet (d. [[1933]])
* [[August 9]] – [[John S. McCain Sr.]], American admiral (d. [[1945]])
* [[August 10]]
**[[Robert G. Fowler]], American pioneer aviator (d. [[1966]])
** [[Robert Wichard Pohl]], German "Father of solid state physics" (d. [[1976]])
**[[Panait Istrati]], Romanian writer (d. [[1935]])
* [[August 15]] – [[Mary Nash (actress)|Mary Nash]], American actress (d. [[1976]])
* [[August 20]] – [[Rudolf Bultmann]], German Lutheran theologian (d. [[1976]])
* [[August 23]] – [[Will Cuppy]], American humorist (d. [[1949]])
* [[August 27]] – [[Vincent Auriol]], [[President of France]] (d. [[1966]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jessup |first1=John E. |title=An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996 |date=1998 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-28112-9 |page=43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hP7jJAkTd9MC&dq=Vincent+Auriol+1+january+1966&pg=PA43 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 28]] – [[Peter Fraser]], 24th [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|prime minister of New Zealand]] (d. [[1950]])
* [[August 30]] – [[Theodor Svedberg]], Swedish chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1971]])
===September===
* [[September 13]] – [[Petros Voulgaris]], Prime Minister of Greece (d. [[1957]])
* [[September 17]]
** [[Charles Tomlinson Griffes]], American composer (d. [[1920]])
** [[Edith Alice Macia]], Arizona pioneer, postmaster, and undercover FBI agent (d. [[1974]])
* [[September 18]] – [[Margit Slachta]], Hungarian politician (d. [[1974]])
* [[September 24]]
** [[İsmet İnönü]], Turkish soldier, statesman, 3-time [[Prime Minister of Turkey|prime minister of Turkey]] and 2nd [[president of Turkey]] (d. [[1973]])
** [[Hugo Schmeisser]], German weapons designer (d. [[1953]])
* [[September 25]] – [[Forrest Smithson]], American Olympic athlete (d. [[1962]])
* [[September 30]] – [[Bessie Barriscale]], American actress (d. [[1965]])
* Unknown Tikhon Gorasnov- born Russian-Siberian in Mount Athos, St. Panteleimon (d.196 ;)
===October===
[[File:Eleanor Roosevelt cph.3b16000.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Eleanor Roosevelt]]]]
* [[October 8]] – [[Walther von Reichenau]], German field marshal (d. [[1942]])
* [[October 9]] – [[Martin and Osa Johnson|Martin Johnson]], American adventurer, documentary filmmaker (d. [[1937]])
* [[October 11]]
** [[Friedrich Bergius]], German chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1949]])
** [[Eleanor Roosevelt]], American politician, diplomat, activist, and [[First Lady of the United States]] (d. [[1962]])
* [[October 16]] – [[Rembrandt Bugatti]], Italian sculptor (d. [[1916]])
* [[October 20]] – [[D. S. Senanayake]], 1st prime minister of Sri Lanka (d. [[1952]])
* [[October 24]] – [[Arthur S. Carpender]], American admiral (d. [[1960]])
* [[October 28]] – [[William Douglas Cook]], New Zealand founder of [[Eastwoodhill Arboretum]] and [[Pukeiti, Taranaki|Pukeiti]] (d. [[1967]])
===November===
* [[November 4]] – [[Harry Ferguson]], Irish engineer, inventor (d. [[1960]])
* [[November 8]] – [[Hermann Rorschach]], Swiss psychologist (d. [[1922]])
* [[November 20]] – [[Norman Thomas]], American social reformer (d. [[1968]])
* [[November 22]] – [[Sulaiman Nadvi]], Indian/Pakistani historian, biographer, littérateur and scholar of Islam (d. [[1953]])
* [[November 24]] – [[Yitzhak Ben-Zvi]], 2nd president of Israel (d. [[1963]])
===December===
[[File:Food Minister Rajendra Prasad during a radio broadcast in Dec 1947 cropped.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Rajendra Prasad]]]]
[[File:Petru Groza Anefo.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Petru Groza]]]]
[[File:Hideki Tojo.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Hideki Tojo]]]]
* [[December 3]]
** [[Walther Stampfli]], [[member of the Swiss Federal Council]] (d. [[1965]])
** [[Rajendra Prasad]], Indian politician, 1st [[president of India]] (d. [[1963]])
* [[December 4]] – [[R. C. Majumdar]], Indian historian (d. [[1980]])
* [[December 7]] – [[Petru Groza]], Romanian politician, 46th [[Prime Minister of Romania|prime minister of Romania]] (d. [[1958]])
* [[December 14]] – [[Nicholas Charnetsky]], Soviet [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] priest, bishop, martyr and blessed (d. [[1959]])
* [[December 17]] – [[Alison Uttley]], English writer of children's books (d. [[1976]])
* [[December 19]] – [[Antonín Zápotocký]], 6th president and 15th prime minister of Czechoslovakia (d. [[1957]])
* [[December 25]]
** [[Samuel Berger (boxer)|Samuel Berger]], American Olympic boxer (d. [[1925]])
** [[Evelyn Nesbit]], American model, actress (d. [[1967]])
* [[December 29]] – [[Ted Theodore]], Australian politician, [[Premier of Queensland]] (d. [[1950]])
* [[December 30]]
**[[Arthur Edmund Carewe]], Armenian-American actor (d. [[1937]])
**[[Hideki Tojo]], Japanese general, 27th [[Prime Minister of Japan|prime minister of Japan]] (d. [[1948]])
* [[December 31]] – [[Stanley Forman Reed]], [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1980]])
=== Date unknown ===
* [[Ayoub Tabet]], 6th prime minister of Lebanon (d. [[1947]])
== Deaths ==
=== January–June ===
[[File:Gregor Mendel oval.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Gregor Mendel]]]]
[[File:Alice Hathaway Roosevelt 1.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt]]]]
[[File:FriedrichSmetana.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Bedřich Smetana]]]]
* [[January 6]] – [[Gregor Mendel]], Czech geneticist (b. [[1822]])
* [[January 25]] – [[Johann Gottfried Piefke]], German conductor, composer (b. [[1815]])
* [[February 8]] – [[Cetshwayo kaMpande]], Zulu king (b. [[1826]])
* [[February 13]] – [[Wilhelm von Tümpling]], Prussian general (b. [[1809]])
* [[February 14]]
**[[Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt]], first wife of [[Theodore Roosevelt]] (b. [[1861]])
**[[Martha Bulloch Roosevelt]], mother of [[Theodore Roosevelt]] (b. [[1835]])
* [[February 26]] – [[Emmanuel Félix de Wimpffen]], French general (b. [[1811]])
* [[March 1]] – [[Isaac Todhunter]], English mathematician (b. [[1820]])
* [[March 8]] – [[Sydney Dacres]], British admiral (b. [[1804]])
* [[March 13]] – [[Leland Stanford Jr.]], son of Governor Leland Stanford of [[California]], in whose memory [[Stanford University]] was founded (b. [[1868]])
* [[March 19]] – [[Elias Lönnrot]], Finnish philologist, collector of traditional Finnish oral poetry (b. [[1802]])
* [[March 21]]
** [[Ezra Abbot]], American Bible scholar (b. [[1819]])
** [[Constantin A. Kretzulescu]], 7th prime minister of Romania (b. [[1809]])
* [[March 23]] – [[Henry C. Lord]], American railroad executive (b. [[1824]])
* [[March 28]] – [[Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany]], youngest son of [[Queen Victoria]] (b. [[1853]])
* [[April 1]] – [[Marie Litton]], English stage actress (b. [[1847]])
* [[April 4]] – [[Marie Bashkirtseff]], Russian artist (b. [[1858]])
* [[April 6]] – [[Emanuel Geibel]], German poet, dramatist (b. [[1815]])
* [[April 24]] – [[Marie Taglioni]], Swedish-Italian ballerina (b. [[1804]])
* [[May 6]] – [[Judah P. Benjamin]], American politician, US senator from Louisiana, [[Cabinet of the Confederate States of America|Cabinet officer of the Confederate States]] (b. [[1811]])
* [[May 12]] – [[Bedřich Smetana]], Czech composer (b. [[1824]])
* [[May 13]] – [[Cyrus McCormick]], American inventor (b. [[1809]])
* [[May 29]] – [[Henry Bartle Frere|Sir Henry Bartle Frere]], British colonial administrator (b. [[1815]])
* [[June 19]]
** [[Juan Bautista Alberdi]], Argentine politician, writer and main Constitution promoter (b. [[1810]])
** [[Johann Gustav Droysen]], German historian (b. [[1808]])
* [[June 21]] – [[Alexander, Prince of Orange]], heir apparent to the Dutch throne (b. [[1851]])
* [[June 25]] – [[Hans Rott]], Austrian composer (b. [[1858]])
=== July–December ===
[[File:Hermann Kolbe2.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe]]]]
[[File:Leona Florentino.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Leona Florentino]]]]
* [[July 1]] – [[Allan Pinkerton]], American detective (b. [[1819]])
* [[July 10]] – [[Paul Morphy]], American chess player (b. [[1837]])
* [[July 15]]
** [[Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley]], British diplomat (b. [[1804]])
** [[Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps]], American educator, author (b. [[1793]])
* [[August 9]] – [[Annestine Beyer]], Danish reform pedagogue (b. [[1795]])
* [[August 18]] – [[Mary C. Ames]], American writer (b. [[1831]])
* [[September 2]] – [[Karl Eberhard Herwarth von Bittenfeld]], Prussian field marshal (b. [[1796]])
* [[September 10]] – [[George Bentham]], English botanist (b. [[1800]])
* [[October 4]] – [[Leona Florentino]], Filipina poet (b. [[1849]])
* [[October 7]] – [[Bernard Petitjean]], French Roman Catholic missionary to Japan (b. [[1829]])
* [[October 16]] – [[Bernice Pauahi Bishop]], Hawaiian ali‘i (b. [[1831]])
* [[October 18]] – [[William VIII, Duke of Brunswick]] (b. [[1806]])
* [[November 3]] – [[Menyhért Lónyay]], 5th prime minister of Hungary (b. [[1822]])
* [[November 11]] – [[Alfred Brehm]], German zoologist (b. [[1829]])
* [[November 16]] – [[František Chvostek]], Moravian physician (b. [[1835]])
* [[November 25]] – [[Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe]], German chemist (b. [[1818]])
* [[December 1]] – [[William Swainson (lawyer)|William Swainson]], second, and last, [[Attorney-General (New Zealand)|Attorney-General]] of the [[Crown Colony]] of New Zealand (b. [[1809]])
* [[December 3]] – [[Jane C. Bonar]], Scottish hymnwriter (b. [[1821]])
* [[December 20]] – [[Domenico Consolini]], Italian Catholic Cardinal (b. [[1806]])
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* [https://archive.org/details/appletonsannual07unkngoog ''1884 Annual Cyclopedia'' (1885)] highly detailed coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" for year 1884; massive compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage; 855pp
{{DEFAULTSORT:1884}}
[[Category:1884| ]]
[[Category:Leap years in the Gregorian calendar]]
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