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{{Year dab|1862}}
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== Events ==
[[File:Map of American Civil War in 1862.svg|thumb|200px|right|[[American Civil War]] in 1862]]
=== January ===
[[File:H59543.jpg|thumb|200px|right| [[January 30]]: {{USS|Monitor}}.]]
* [[January 1]] – The United Kingdom annexes [[Lagos]] Island, in modern-day [[Nigeria]].
* [[January 6]] – [[Second French intervention in Mexico|French intervention in Mexico]]: [[Second French Empire|French]], Spanish and British forces arrive in [[Veracruz]], Mexico.
* [[January 16]] – [[Hartley Colliery disaster]] in north-east England: 204 men are trapped and die underground when the only shaft becomes blocked.
* [[January 30]] – [[American Civil War]]: The first U.S. [[ironclad warship]], {{USS|Monitor}}, is launched in [[Brooklyn]].
* [[January 31]] – [[Alvan Graham Clark]] makes the first observation of [[Sirius]] B, a [[white dwarf]] star, through an eighteen-inch telescope at [[Northwestern University]] in Illinois.
[[File:Battle of Fort Henry 1862.jpg|thumb|200px|right| [[February 6]]: [[Battle of Fort Henry]].]]
=== February ===
* [[February 1]] – American Civil War: [[Julia Ward Howe]]'s "[[Battle Hymn of the Republic]]" is published for the first time in the ''[[Atlantic Monthly]]''.
* [[February 2]] – The [[Dun Mountain Railway|first railway]] is opened in [[New Zealand]], by the Dun Mountain Copper Mining Company.
*[[American Civil War]]:
** [[February 6]] – General [[Ulysses S. Grant]] gives the [[Union Army]] its first victory of the war, by capturing [[Fort Henry, Tennessee]].
** [[February 11]]–[[February 16|16]] – [[Battle of Fort Donelson]] – General Ulysses S. Grant attacks [[Fort Donelson]], [[Tennessee]], capturing it on the last day.
** [[February 21]] – [[Battle of Valverde]] – Confederate forces defeat Union troops near [[Fort Craig]] in [[New Mexico Territory]]:
** [[February 22]] – [[Jefferson Davis]] is officially inaugurated in [[Richmond, Virginia]], to a six-year term as [[President of the Confederate States of America|president of the Confederate States]].
=== March ===
* [[March 6]] – An ammunition warehouse explosion in [[Ciudad Serdán|San Andres Chalchicomula]], [[Mexico]], kills between 1,400 and 2,280 during the [[Second French intervention in Mexico]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Miguel Galindo y Galindo|title=Catástrofe de Chalchicomula|url=http://cdigital.dgb.uanl.mx/la/1080018007/1080018007_12.pdf|date=21 October 2019|publisher=Secretaria de Fomento|pages=233–237|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305193552/http://cdigital.dgb.uanl.mx/la/1080018007/1080018007_12.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[American Civil War]]:
** [[March 7]] – [[Battle of Pea Ridge]] – The Confederates are shut out of [[Missouri]].
** [[March 8]] – Ironclad {{ship|CSS|Virginia}} (formerly USS ''Merrimack'') is launched at [[Hampton Roads]], [[Virginia]]; the [[Battle of Hampton Roads]] starts the same day.
* [[March 13]]
** [[American Civil War]]: The U.S. federal government forbids all Union army officers from returning fugitive slaves, thus effectively annulling the [[Fugitive Slave Act of 1850]] and setting the stage for the [[Emancipation Proclamation]].
** A [[smallpox]] [[epidemic]] in [[San Francisco]] spreads to [[British Columbia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Spirit of Pestilence|url=http://web.uvic.ca/vv/student/smallpox/overview/|publisher=[[University of Victoria]]|date=2002-03-30|access-date=2015-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002023934/http://web.uvic.ca/vv/student/smallpox/overview/|archive-date=October 2, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[March 17]] – The first [[Rail transport in Finland|railway line]] in [[Finland]], between the cities of [[Helsinki]] and [[Hämeenlinna]], is officially opened.<ref>Neil Kent: ''Helsinki: A Cultural History'', p. 18. Interlink Books, 2014. {{ISBN|978-1566565448}}.</ref>
* [[March 26]]–[[March 28|28]] – [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Glorieta Pass]] – In [[New Mexico]], Union forces succeed in stopping the [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] invasion of [[New Mexico Territory]].
* [[March 31]] – [[Victor Hugo]]'s epic French historical novel ''[[Les Misérables]]'' begins publication in Brussels.
=== April ===
* [[April 1]] – [[Second French intervention in Mexico]]: The Spanish and the British ended their alliance with France.
*[[American Civil War]]:
** [[April 5]] – [[Battle of Yorktown (1862)|Battle of Yorktown]] – The battle begins when [[Union Army]] forces under General [[George B. McClellan]] close in on the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] capital of [[Richmond, Virginia]].
** [[April 6]]–[[April 7|7]]– [[Battle of Shiloh]] – The [[Union Army]], under General [[Ulysses S. Grant]], defeats the Confederates near [[Shiloh National Military Park|Shiloh, Tennessee]].
** [[April 12]] – [[Great Locomotive Chase]] (Andrews' Raid) – [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] volunteers steal Confederate steam railroad locomotive ''[[The General (locomotive)|The General]]'' (which will still exist in the 21st century) in an attempt to sabotage the rail network.
* [[April 13]] – The government of [[Vietnam]] is forced to cede the territories of [[Biên Hòa Province|Biên Hòa]], [[Gia Định Province|Gia Định]] and [[Định Tường Province|Định Tường]] to France.
* [[April 22]] – Global financial group [[UBS]] is founded in [[Switzerland]] as the [[Bank in Winterthur]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Our history|publisher=UBS|url=https://www.ubs.com/global/en/our-firm/our-history.html|access-date=2020-12-07}}</ref>
*[[American Civil War]]:
** [[April 25]] – [[Capture of New Orleans]] – Forces under Union Admiral [[David Farragut]] occupy the Confederate city of [[New Orleans]], securing access to the [[Mississippi River]].
** [[April 26]] – [[Siege of Fort Macon]] – The besieged [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] garrison at [[Fort Macon]], [[North Carolina]] surrenders.
=== May ===
* [[May 1]]–[[November 1]] – The [[1862 International Exhibition]] is held at [[South Kensington]] in London; it is particularly noteworthy for an exhibit from Japan, influential in the development of [[Anglo-Japanese style]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Halen|first=Widar|title=Christopher Dresser|publisher=Phaidon|year=1990|isbn=0-7148-2952-8|page=34}}</ref>
* [[May 2]] – The [[California State Normal School]] (later [[San Jose State University]]) is created by an Act of the California legislature.
* [[May 5]] – [[Second French intervention in Mexico]]: [[Battle of Puebla]] – Mexican General [[Ignacio Zaragoza]] defeats the French Army; commemorated each year as ''[[Cinco de Mayo]]'' (Spanish for ''Fifth of May'').
* [[May 11]] – [[American Civil War]]: Ironclad {{ship|CSS|Virginia}} is scuttled in the [[James River]] northwest of [[Norfolk, Virginia]].
* [[May 15]] – U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] signs a bill into law creating the U.S. Bureau of Agriculture (later renamed [[U.S. Department of Agriculture]]).
* [[May 20]] – U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] signs the [[Homestead Act of 1862|Homestead Act]] into law.
* [[May 24]] – [[Westminster Bridge]] is opened across the Thames in London. This new iron bridge, designed by [[Thomas Page (engineer)|Thomas Page]], replaces the previous stone one.
=== June ===
*[[American Civil War]]:
** [[June 1]] – [[Battle of Fair Oaks]] – Both sides claim victory.
** [[June 4]] – [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] troops evacuate [[Fort Pillow, Tennessee|Fort Pillow]] on the [[Mississippi River]], leaving the way clear for Union Army troops to capture [[Memphis, Tennessee]].
* [[June 5]] – [[Treaty of Saigon (1862)|Treaty of Saigon]]: Emperor [[Tự Đức]] of the [[Nguyễn dynasty]] in [[Vietnam]] cedes [[Saigon]], [[Côn Sơn Island]] and three southern provinces of what is to become known as [[French Cochinchina]] ([[Biên Hòa province|Biên Hòa]], [[Gia Định province|Gia Định]] and [[Định Tường province|Định Tường]]) to become part of the [[French colonial empire]]. Guerilla leader [[Trương Định]] refuses to recognize the treaty.
*[[American Civil War]]:
** [[June 6]] – [[First Battle of Memphis]] – Union Army troops capture [[Memphis, Tennessee]], from the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate States]].
** [[June 8]] – [[Battle of Cross Keys]] – Confederate troops under General [[Stonewall Jackson]] save the [[Army of Northern Virginia]] from a Union Army attack on the James Peninsula that is led by General [[George B. McClellan]].
* [[June 12]] – John Winter Robinson, the [[Secretary of State of Kansas]], is convicted and removed from office as the result of a [[bond (finance)|bond]] scandal, becoming the first state executive official to be [[impeachment in the United States|impeached]] and removed from office in American history.
* [[June 26]] – [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Mechanicsville]] – Confederate General [[Robert E. Lee]] defeats the troops of General [[George B. McClellan]] in the first of the [[Seven Days Battles]].
=== July ===
* [[July 1]]
** The Bureau of Internal Revenue, the forerunner of the [[Internal Revenue Service]], is established in the United States.
** [[Princess Alice of the United Kingdom|Princess Alice]], the second daughter of [[Queen Victoria]], marries [[Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse|Prince Ludwig of Hesse and by Rhine]].
** U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] signs into law the [[Pacific Railroad Acts]], authorizing construction of the [[First Transcontinental Railroad]].<ref>[http://www.cprr.org/Museum/Pacific_Railroad_Acts.html "An Act to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri river to the Pacific ocean, and to secure to the government the use of the same for postal, military, and other purposes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527113235/http://www.cprr.org/Museum/Pacific_Railroad_Acts.html |date=May 27, 2016 }} 12 Stat. 489, July 1, 1862</ref>
** The [[Russian State Library]] is founded, as The Library of the Moscow Public Museum.
* [[July 2]] – U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] signs the [[Morrill Land-Grant Act]] into law, creating a system of [[land-grant college]]s, to teach agricultural and mechanical sciences across the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-16 |title=Morrill Act (1862) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/morrill-act |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 4]] – Charles Dodgson (better known as [[Lewis Carroll]]) extemporises the story that becomes ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]'', for ten-year-old [[Alice Liddell]] and her sisters, on a rowboat trip on [[The Isis]] from [[Oxford]] to [[Godstow]].
[[File:Diagram of the Federal Government and American Union edit.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Diagram of US Federal Government and American Union. Published: 1862, July 15.]]
* [[July 16]] – [[American Civil War]]: [[David Farragut]] becomes the first [[rear admiral]] in the [[U.S. Navy]].
* [[July 18]] – [[Dent Blanche]], one of the highest summits in the Alps, is first ascended.
* [[July 23]] – [[American Civil War]]: [[Henry Halleck]] takes command of the [[Union Army]].
=== August ===
*[[American Civil War]]:
** [[August 5]] – [[Battle of Baton Rouge (1862)|Battle of Baton Rouge]] – Along the [[Mississippi River]] near [[Baton Rouge, Louisiana]], Confederate troops drive Union forces back into the city.
** [[August 6]] – Confederate ironclad {{ship|CSS|Arkansas}} is scuttled on the [[Mississippi River]] after suffering damage in a battle with {{USS|Essex|1856|6}}, near [[Baton Rouge, Louisiana]].
** [[August 9]] – [[Battle of Cedar Mountain]] – Confederate General [[Stonewall Jackson]] narrowly defeats Union forces under General [[John Pope (general)|John Pope]] at Cedar Mountain, Virginia.
* [[August 14]] – U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] meets with a group of prominent African-Americans, the first time an American President has done so. He suggests that Black people should migrate to Africa or to Central America, but this advice is rejected.
* [[August 17]] – The [[Dakota War of 1862]] begins in [[Minnesota]], as Dakota Sioux attack white settlements along the [[Minnesota River]]. They are overwhelmed by the U.S. Army six weeks later.
* [[August 19]]
** [[Dakota War of 1862]]: During an uprising in [[Minnesota]], Dakota warriors decide not to attack heavily defended [[Fort Ridgely]] and instead turn to the settlement of [[New Ulm, Minnesota|New Ulm]], killing white settlers along the way.
** [[Horace Greeley]] publishes an editorial, "The Prayer of Twenty Millions", in the ''New York Tribune'', in which he urges U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] to make abolition of slavery an official aim of the Union war effort.
* [[August 21]] – The [[Stadtpark, Vienna|Vienna Stadtpark]] opens its gates.
*[[American Civil War]]:
** [[August 28]]–[[August 30|30]] – [[Second Battle of Bull Run]] – Confederate forces inflict a crushing defeat on Union General John Pope.
** [[August 29]]–[[August 30|30]] – [[Battle of Richmond]], Kentucky – Confederate forces, led by General [[Edmund Kirby Smith]], inflict a crushing defeat on Union General [[William "Bull" Nelson]].
=== September ===
*[[American Civil War]]:
** [[September 1]] – [[Battle of Chantilly]] – Confederate General [[Robert E. Lee]] leads his forces in an attack on retreating Union troops in [[Chantilly, Virginia]], driving them away.
** [[September 2]] – U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] restores Union General [[George B. McClellan]] to full command, after General John Pope's disastrous defeat at the [[Second Battle of Bull Run]].
** [[September 5]] – In the Confederacy's first invasion of the North, General [[Robert E. Lee]] leads 55,000 men of the [[Army of Northern Virginia]] across the [[Potomac River]] at [[White's Ford]] near [[Leesburg, Virginia]], into [[Maryland]].
* [[September 10]] – [[Francisco Solano López]] is appointed second [[President of Paraguay]].
*[[American Civil War]]:
* [[September 17]] – [[American Civil War]]:
** [[Battle of Antietam]]: Union forces strategically defeat Confederate troops at [[Sharpsburg, Maryland]], in the bloodiest day in U.S. history, with over 22,000 casualties.
** The [[Allegheny Arsenal]] explosion results in the single largest civilian disaster during the war, with 78 workers – mostly young women – being killed.
* [[September 19]] – [[Battle of Iuka]] – Union troops under Major General [[William Rosecrans]] defeat a Confederate force commanded by Major General [[Sterling Price]] at [[Iuka, Mississippi]].
* [[September 22]]
** [[Otto von Bismarck]] becomes [[Minister President of Prussia]], following refusal by the country's [[Landtag]] to accept the military budget.
** [[American Civil War]]: The preliminary announcement of the [[Emancipation Proclamation]] is made by U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]]: From January 1, 1863, slaves in the Confederate States will be considered free.
*[[September 26]] – [[Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein]] signs into law the [[1862 Constitution of Liechtenstein]].
* [[September 29]] – New Prussian prime minister [[Otto von Bismarck]] delivers his ''[[Blood and Iron (speech)|Blood and Iron (Blut und Eisen)]]'' speech to the Prussian Landtag.
=== October ===
* [[October 8]] – [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Perryville]] – [[Union Army]] forces under General [[Don Carlos Buell]] halt the [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] invasion of [[Kentucky]] by defeating troops led by General [[Braxton Bragg]] at [[Perryville, Kentucky]].
* [[October 9]] – The [[Transvaal Civil War]] breaks out, following [[Stephanus Schoeman]]'s unconstitutional ousting of the acting [[State President of the South African Republic|President of the Executive Council of the South African Republic]].<ref>''Stormvoël van die Noorde'' by O JO Ferreira; ''Jan Viljoen – 'n Transvaalse Wesgrenspionier'' (unpublished MA dissertation); documents and notes from the Jack Seale collection.</ref>
* [[October 11]] – [[American Civil War]]: In the aftermath of the [[Battle of Antietam]], [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] General [[J. E. B. Stuart]] and his men loot [[Chambersburg, Pennsylvania]], during a [[Chambersburg Raid|raid into the North]].
* [[October 23]] – [[Otto of Greece|Otto]] is deposed as [[King of Greece]].
* [[October 24]] – [[Ramón Castilla]] loses the Presidency of [[Peru]] for a second time.
* [[October 25]] – In the [[Granadine Confederation]] (modern-day [[Colombia]]), rebel troops of the southern states defeat government forces.
=== November ===
* [[November 4]] – [[Richard Jordan Gatling]] patents the [[Gatling gun]] in the United States.
* [[November 5]]
** [[American Civil War]]: President [[Abraham Lincoln]] removes [[George B. McClellan]] as commander of the [[Union Army]].
** [[American Indian Wars]]: In [[Minnesota]], more than 300 Santee [[Sioux]] are found guilty of [[rape]] and murder of white settlers, and are sentenced to hang.
*[[American Civil War]]:
** [[November 14]] – President [[Abraham Lincoln]] approves the plan by General [[Ambrose Burnside]] to capture the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] [[capital city]] of [[Richmond, Virginia]]. This plan leads to a disastrous Union defeat at the [[Battle of Fredericksburg]] on [[December 13]].
** [[November 28]]
* [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Cane Hill]] – [[Union Army]] troops, led by General John Blunt, push back [[Confederate States Army|Confederate troops]], commanded by General [[John Marmaduke]], into the northwestern [[Boston Mountains]] of [[Arkansas]].
* [[November 28]] –
** [[Notts County F.C.]] is founded in [[Nottingham]], England, making it (by the 21st century) the world's oldest professional [[Association football]] team.
=== December ===
[[File:Battle of Fredericksburg, Dec 13, 1862.png|thumb|[[December 13]]: [[Battle of Fredericksburg]].|alt=]]
* [[December 1]] – In his [[State of the Union address]], President [[Abraham Lincoln]] reaffirms the necessity of ending slavery, as he ordered ten weeks earlier in his [[Emancipation Proclamation]].
* [[December 2]] – The first [[United States Navy]] [[hospital ship]]s enter service.
*[[American Civil War]]:
** [[December 12]] – [[Yazoo Pass Expedition]] – Union [[ironclad]] [[gunboat]] {{USS|Cairo}} is sunk by a remotely-detonated "torpedo" ([[naval mine]]) while clearing mines from the [[Yazoo River]], the first armored ship sunk by mine.
** [[December 13]] – [[Battle of Fredericksburg]] – The [[Union Army]] suffers massive casualties and abandons its attempts to capture the Confederate [[capital city]] of [[Richmond, Virginia]].
** [[December 17]] – ''[[General Order No. 11 (1862)|General Order No. 11]]'', which expels all Jews from his military district, is issued by General [[Ulysses S. Grant]]. This order is rescinded just a few weeks later.
** [[December 26]]–[[December 29|29]] – [[Battle of Chickasaw Bayou]] – Another victory for the [[Confederate States Army|Confederate Army]], outnumbered two to one, results in six times as many Union casualties, defeating several assaults commanded by Union general [[William T. Sherman]].
** [[December 30]] – {{USS|Monitor}} sinks in a storm in the Atlantic, off [[Cape Hatteras, North Carolina]].
** [[December 31]] – [[American Civil War]]:
*** U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] signs an act that admits [[West Virginia]] to the Union, thus dividing [[Virginia]] into two.
*** The [[Battle of Stones River]] opens near [[Murfreesboro, Tennessee]].
[[File:USS Monitor - H58758.jpg|thumb|180px|right| [[December 30|Dec. 30]]: ''[[USS Monitor|Monitor]]'' sinks.]]
* [[December]] – Peruvian slave raiders land on [[Easter Island]], beginning a decade of the [[Easter Island#Destruction of society and population|destruction of the society and population]] on the island.
=== Date unknown ===
* Anglo-Indian teacher [[Anna Leonowens]] accepts an offer made by the Siamese consul in Singapore, [[Tan Kim Ching]], to teach the wives and children of [[Mongkut]], the King of Siam.
* Donald McIntyre builds a settlement in northwest [[Queensland]] (Australia) which becomes the town of [[Julia Creek, Queensland|Julia Creek]] (named after his niece).
* Iwai Fumisuke Shoten (岩井文助商店), predecessor of [[Japan]]ese [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] [[Sojitz]], is founded in [[Osaka]].{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
* Japanese [[construction]] company Satō Kōgyō is founded in [[Toyama (city)|Toyama]] as Satō-gumi.
== Births ==
=== January–March ===
[[File:Hilbert.jpg|thumb|110px|[[David Hilbert]]]]
[[File:Edith Wharton by Edward Harrison May.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Edith Wharton]]]]
* [[January 9]] – [[Carrie Clark Ward]], American silent film actress (d. [[1926]])
*[[January 14]] – [[Carrie Derick]], Canadian botanist and geneticist (d. [[1941]])
* [[January 15]] – [[Loie Fuller]], American dancer (d. [[1928]])
* [[January 23]] – [[David Hilbert]], German mathematician (d. [[1943]])
* [[January 24]] – [[Edith Wharton]], American fiction writer (d. [[1937]])
* [[January 29]] – [[Frederick Delius]], English composer (d. [[1934]])
* [[January 30]] – [[Walter Damrosch]], German-born American orchestral conductor (d. [[1950]])
* [[February 3]] – [[James Clark McReynolds]], [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1946]])
* [[February 4]]
** [[Hjalmar Hammarskjöld]], 13th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. [[1953]])
** [[George Ernest Morrison]], Australian adventurer, journalist (d. [[1920]])
* [[February 7]] – [[Bernard Maybeck]], American Arts and Crafts architect (d. [[1957]])
* [[February 8]] – [[Ferdinand Ferber]], French Army captain, aviation pioneer (d. [[1909]])
* [[February 17]] – [[Edward German]], English composer (d. [[1936]])
* [[March 4]] – [[Robert Emden]], Swiss astrophysicist, meteorologist (d. [[1940]])
* [[March 8]] – [[George Frederick Phillips]], Canadian-born American military hero (d. [[1904]])
* [[March 13]] – [[Jane Delano]], American founder of the American Red Cross Nursing Service (d. [[1919]])
* [[March 14]] – [[Vilhelm Bjerknes]], Norwegian physicist, meteorologist (d. [[1951]])
* [[March 25]] – [[George Sutherland]], American politician, [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1942]])
* [[March 28]] – [[Aristide Briand]], French politician, winner of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1932]])
* [[March 29]] – [[Adolfo Müller-Ury]], Swiss-born American painter (d. 1947)
=== April–June ===
* [[April 2]] – [[Nicholas Murray Butler]], American president of [[Columbia University]], winner of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1947]])
* [[April 6]] – [[Georges Darien]], French writer (d. [[1921]])
* [[April 11]]
** [[Charles Evans Hughes]], American jurist, politician, [[Chief Justice of the United States]] (d. [[1948]])
** [[Lurana W. Sheldon]], American author and editor (d. [[1945]])
* [[April 26]] – [[Edmund C. Tarbell]], American Impressionist painter (d. [[1938]])
* [[April 27]] – [[Rudolph Schildkraut]], Ottoman-born Austrian actor (d. [[1930]])
* [[May 15]] – [[Arthur Schnitzler]], Austrian dramatist, narrator (d. [[1931]])
* [[May 27]] – [[John Kendrick Bangs]], American author, satirist (d. [[1922]])
* [[June 5]] – [[Allvar Gullstrand]], Swedish ophthalmologist, winner of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1930]])
* [[June 7]] – [[Philipp Lenard]], Hungarian–German physicist, winner of the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] (d. [[1947]])
* [[June 10]] – [[John de Robeck]], British admiral (d. [[1928]])
* [[June 21]] – [[Damrong Rajanubhab]], Thai prince, historian (d. [[1943]])
* [[June 27]] – [[May Irwin]], Canadian actress, singer (d. [[1938]])
=== July–September ===
[[File:Klimt.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Gustav Klimt]]]]
[[File:Claude Debussy by Atelier Nadar.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Claude Debussy]]]]
[[File:Mary Garrity - Ida B. Wells-Barnett - Google Art Project - restoration crop.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Ida B. Wells]]]]
[[File:Andrewfisher2.JPG|thumb|110px|right|[[Andrew Fisher]]]]
[[File:Billy Hughes 1919.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Billy Hughes]]]]
* [[July 2]]
** [[William Henry Bragg]], English physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1942]])
** [[Christopher Cradock]], British admiral (d. [[1914]])
* [[July 8]] – [[Josephine White Bates]], Canadian-born American author (d. [[1934]])
* [[July 14]]
**[[Florence Bascom]], American geologist and educator (d. [[1945]])
**[[Gustav Klimt]], Austrian artist (d. [[1918]])
* [[July 15]] – [[Ernest Troubridge]], British admiral (d. [[1926]])
* [[July 16]] – [[Ida B. Wells]], American journalist, suffragist, and anti-lynching crusader (d. [[1931]])
* [[July 24]] – [[James Percy FitzPatrick|Percy FitzPatrick]], South African author, politician and mining financier (d. [[1931]])
* [[August 5]] – [[Joseph Merrick]] (the ''Elephant Man''), English sufferer from deformities (d. [[1890]])
* [[August 16]] – [[Amos Alonzo Stagg]], American football player, coach (d. [[1965]])
* [[August 21]] – [[Emilio Salgari]], Italian writer (d. [[1911]])
* [[August 22]] – [[Claude Debussy]], French composer (d. [[1918]])
*[[August 24]] – [[Zonia Baber]], American geographer and geologist (d. [[1956]])
* [[August 26]] – [[Herbert Booth]], English-born Salvationist, third son of [[William Booth|William]] and [[Catherine Booth]] (d. [[1926]])
* [[August 29]]
** [[Andrew Fisher]], 5th [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (d. [[1928]])
** [[Maurice Maeterlinck]], Belgian writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] laureate (d. [[1949]])
* [[September 7]] – [[Edgar Speyer]], American-born international financier and philanthropist (d. [[1932]])
* [[September 11]]
** [[Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy]], British general, 12th [[Governor General of Canada]] (d. [[1935]])
** [[Hawley Harvey Crippen]], American-born medical practitioner, uxoricide (hanged [[1910]])
** [[O. Henry]], born William Sydney Porter, American short-story writer (d. [[1910]])
* [[September 12]] – [[Carl Eytel]], German-American artist working in [[Palm Springs, California]] (d. [[1925 in art|1925]])
* [[September 19]] – [[Arvid Lindman]], Swedish admiral, industrialist, and politician, 12th [[Prime Minister of Sweden]] (d. [[1936]])
* [[September 22]] – [[Anastasios Charalambis]], Prime Minister of Greece (d. [[1949]])
* [[September 23]] – [[Denis Auguste Duchêne]], French general (d. [[1950]])
* [[September 25]] – [[Billy Hughes]], 7th [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (d. [[1952]])
* [[September 27]] – [[Louis Botha]], Boer general, first [[Prime Minister of South Africa]] (d. [[1919]])
=== October–December ===
[[File:Gerhart Hauptmann nobel.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Gerhart Hauptmann]]]]
* [[October 3]] – [[Johnny Briggs (cricketer)|Johnny Briggs]], English cricketer (d. [[1902]])
* [[October 12]] – [[Theodor Boveri]], German biologist (d. [[1915]])
* [[October 13]] – [[Mary Kingsley]], English explorer (d. [[1900]])
* [[October 18]] – [[Mehmet Esat Bülkat]], Ottoman general (d. [[1952]])
* [[October 19]] – [[Auguste Lumière]], French inventor (d. [[1954]])
* [[October 26]] – [[Hilma af Klint]], Swedish abstract painter (d. [[1944]])
* [[October 27]] – [[Hugh Evan-Thomas]], British admiral (d. [[1928]])
* [[October 28]] – [[Nicholas Timothy Clerk]], Gold Coast theologian, missionary and Presbyterian minister (d. [[1961]])
* [[November 5]] – [[Annie Laurie Wilson James]], American journalist focused on horses (unknown year of death)
* [[November 14]] – [[George Washington Vanderbilt II]], American businessman (d. [[1914]])
* [[November 15]] – [[Gerhart Hauptmann]], German writer, [[Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1946]])
* [[November 16]] – [[Charles Turner (Australian cricketer)|Charles Turner]], Australian cricketer (d. [[1944]])
* [[November 19]] – [[Billy Sunday]], American baseball player, evangelist and prohibitionist (d. [[1935]])
* [[November 23]] – [[Ernest Guglielminetti]], Swiss physician (d. [[1943]])
* [[November 24]] – [[Konrad Krafft von Dellmensingen]], Bavarian general (d. [[1953]])
* [[December 5]]
** [[William Walker Atkinson]], American spiritual writer (d. [[1932]])
** [[John Henry Leech]], English entomologist (d. [[1900]])
* [[December 8]] – [[Georges Feydeau]], French playwright (d. [[1921]])
* [[December 12]] – [[J. Bruce Ismay]], English shipping magnate, [[White Star Line]] (d. [[1937]])
* [[December 15]] – [[Adrien Loir]], French biologist, bacteriologist (d. [[1941]])
* [[December 25]] – [[Wilhelm Weinberg]], German physician (d. [[1937]])
===Date unknown===
* [[Al Herpin]] (''The Man Who Never Slept''), notable French-born American insomniac (d. [[1947]])
* [[Jessie King (writer)|Jessie King]], Scottish author (unknown year of death)
*[[Antoinette Kinney]], American state senator (d. 1945)
* [[Sufi Azizur Rahman]], Bengali Muslim theologian and teacher (d. [[1922]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=Mashayekh-e-Chatgam|volume=1|last=Ahmadullah|first=Mufti|year=2016|publisher=Ahmad Publishers|___location=Dhaka |pages=137–139|ISBN=978-984-92106-4-1|edition=3}}</ref>
== Deaths ==
=== January–June ===
[[File:Samuel Colt engraving by John Chester Buttre, c1855.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Samuel Colt]]]]
[[File:John Tyler Photographic Portrait Extracted.png|thumb|110px|[[John Tyler]]]]
[[File:Benjamin D. Maxham - Henry David Thoreau - Restored - greyscale - straightened.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Henry David Thoreau]]]]
* [[January 10]] – [[Samuel Colt]], American firearms inventor (b. [[1814]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Samuel Colt {{!}} American inventor and manufacturer |website=Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-Colt |access-date=10 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 18]] – [[John Tyler]], 71, 10th President of the United States (b. [[1790]])
* [[January 20]] – [[Harriet Auber]], English poet (b. [[1773]])
* [[February 3]] – [[Jean-Baptiste Biot]], French physicist, astronomer and mathematician (b. [[1774]])
* [[February 7]]
** [[Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Berdejo]], Prime Minister of Spain (b. [[1787]])
** [[Prosper Ménière]], French scientist (b. [[1799]])
* [[February 20]]
** [[Francisco Balagtas]], Filipino poet (b. [[1788]])
** [[William Wallace Lincoln|William Wallace "Willie" Lincoln]], third son of U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] and [[Mary Todd Lincoln]] (b. [[1850]])
* [[February 21]] – [[Justinus Kerner]], German physician (b. [[1786]])
* [[February 24]] – [[Bernhard Severin Ingemann]], Danish novelist, poet (b. [[1789]])
* [[February 25]] – [[Jonathan Hine]], English hosiery manufacturer (b. [[1778]])
* [[March 22]] – [[Manuel Robles Pezuela]], former President of Mexico (executed) (b. [[1817]])
* [[April 6]] – [[Albert Sidney Johnston]], American Confederate general (b. [[1803]])
* [[April 9]] – [[John Thomas (sculptor)|John Thomas]], English Victorian sculptor (b. [[1813]])
* [[April 10]] – [[W. H. L. Wallace]], [[American Civil War]] Union general (died of wounds) (b. [[1821]])
* [[April 19]] – [[Louis P. Harvey]], Governor of Wisconsin (b. [[1820]])
* [[May 6]] – [[Henry David Thoreau]], American author, philosopher (b. [[1817]])
* [[May 16]] – [[Edward Gibbon Wakefield]], English theorist of colonization (b. [[1796]])
* [[May 21]] – [[John Drew (actor)|John Drew Sr.]], Irish-American actor, manager (b. [[1827]])
* [[May 25]] – [[Juana Azurduy de Padilla]], South American guerrilla military leader (b. c. [[1781]])
* [[May 29]]
**[[Henry Thomas Buckle]], English historian sometimes called "the father of scientific history" (b. [[1821]])
**[[Franciszek Mirecki]], Polish composer, music conductor, and music teacher (b. [[1791]])
* [[June 3]] – [[John Lea (epidemiologist)|John Lea]], American epidemiologist (b. [[1782]])
* [[June 17]] – [[Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning]], English Viceroy of India (b. [[1812]])
* [[June 20]] – [[Barbu Catargiu]], 1st Prime Minister of Romania (b. [[1807]])
=== July–December ===
[[File:Lady Judith Montefiore.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Judith Montefiore]]]]
[[File:Martin Van Buren by Mathew Brady c1855-58.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Martin Van Buren]]]]
* [[July 23]] – [[José María Bocanegra]], 3rd [[President of Mexico]] (b. [[1787]])
* [[July 24]] – [[Martin Van Buren]], 79, 8th [[President of the United States]] (b. [[1782]])
* [[August 18]] – [[Simon Fraser (explorer)|Simon Fraser]], Canadian explorer (b. [[1776]])
* [[August 20]] – [[Javiera Carrera]], Chilean independence fighter (b. [[1771]])
* [[September 3]] – [[Shusaku Honinbo]], Japanese Go player (b. [[1829]])
* [[September 6]] – [[John Sumner (bishop)|John Sumner]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (b. [[1780]])
* [[September 10]] – [[Carlos Antonio López]], president of [[Paraguay]] (b. [[1792]])
* [[September 14]] – [[Charles Lennox Richardson]], English merchant murdered in Japan (b. [[1834]])
* [[September 24]]
** [[Judith Montefiore]], British linguist (b. [[1784]])
** [[Anton Martin Slomšek]], Slovene Roman Catholic bishop (b. [[1800]])
* [[October 8]] – [[James Walker (engineer)|James Walker]], Scottish engineer (b. [[1781]])
* [[October 15]] – [[Hans Daniel Ludwig Friedrich Hassenpflug]], German statesman (b. [[1794]])
* [[November 7]] – [[Bahadur Shah II]], 19th and Last mughal emperor (b. [[1775]])
* [[November 13]] – [[Ludwig Uhland]], German poet (b. [[1787]])
* [[November 17]] – [[Mary Whitwell Hale]], American school founder (b. [[1810]])
* [[December 4]] – [[James Bennett (minister)]], English congregational minister (b. [[1774]])
* [[December 13]] – [[Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb]], American Confederate general (killed in action) (b. [[1823]])
* [[December 18]] – [[Barbara Fritchie]], American Civil War patriot (b. [[1766]])
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1862}}
[[Category:1862| ]]
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