Grid code: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Specifications for electrical grids}}

A '''grid code''' is a technical specification which defines the parameters an [[electricity generation|electricity generating plant]] has to meet to ensure proper functioning of the [[electrical grid]]. The authority responsible for the [[electricity distribution]] specifies the grid code which may vary from country to country.

A '''grid code''' is a technical specification which defines the parameters a facility connected to a public [[electric grid]] has to meet to ensure safe, secure and economic proper functioning of the electric system. The facility can be an [[electricity generation|electricity generating plant]], a consumer, or another network.<ref name="GmbH 2019">{{cite web | last=GmbH | first=Next Kraftwerke | title=The Grid Code: Rules for the power network | website=Virtual Power Plant &#124; Power Trader &#124; Aggregator | date=2019-02-13 | url=https://www.next-kraftwerke.com/knowledge/what-is-the-grid-code | access-date=2019-07-04}}</ref>

The grid code is specified by an authority responsible for the system integrity and network operation.

Its elaboration usually implicates network operators (distribution or [[transmission system operator]]s), representatives of users and, to an extent varying between countries, the regulating body.<ref name="National Grid ESO 2018">{{cite web | title=Grid Code | website=National Grid ESO | date=2018-10-17 | url=https://www.nationalgrideso.com/codes/grid-code | access-date=2019-07-04}}</ref>

Contents of a grid code vary depending on the transmission company's requirements. Typically, a grid code will specify the required behavior of a connected generator during system disturbances. These include [[voltage regulation]], [[power factor]] limits and [[reactive power]] supply, response to a system fault (e.g. [[short-circuit]]), response to frequency changes on the grid, and requirement to "[[ride through]]" short interruptions of the connection.

There is not a common grid code in all countries and each electric grid has its own grid code. Even in [[North America]], there is no grid code that applies to all territories.<ref name="ABB Conversations 2019"/>

==Independent power producers==

All generators including [[Independent power producer]]s like [[photovoltaic power station]]s<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://egyptera.org/Downloads/code%20w%20dalil/code/Egypt_gridcode_for_solar_plant_connection%20on%20MV%20and%20HV.pdf |title=Solar Energy Plants Grid Connection Code |access-date=2019-07-04 |archive-date=2020-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119090607/http://egyptera.org/Downloads/code%20w%20dalil/code/Egypt_gridcode_for_solar_plant_connection%20on%20MV%20and%20HV.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> or [[wind farm]]s<ref name="IEEE Conference Publication 2019">{{cite book | chapter=An Improved Control Strategy for DFIG Low Voltage Ride-Through Using Optimal Demagnetizing method | date=2019-06-18 | doi=10.1109/PEDSTC.2019.8697267 | title=2019 10th International Power Electronics, Drive Systems and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC) | pages=464–469 | last1=Harandi | first1=Mahdi Jafari | last2=Ghaseminejad Liasi | first2=Sahand | last3=Nikravesh | first3=Esmail | last4=Bina | first4=Mohammad Tavakoli | isbn=978-1-5386-9254-7 }}</ref> have to comply with the grid code.<ref>[http://eurosunmed.cnrs.fr/sites/default/files/documents/grid_codes_for_renewable_energy_h._svendsen_sintef.pdf Grid codes for renewable energy integration]</ref>

[[Independent power producer]]s like [[photovoltaic power station]]s or [[wind farm]]s have to comply with the grid code.

==Categorizing==

Grid code requirements can be divided into two categories: static and dynamic requirements.<ref name="ABB Conversations 2019">{{cite web | title=ABB Conversations > Standards and grid codes – the latest developments and trends | website=ABB Conversations | date=2019-07-04 | url=https://www.abb-conversations.com/2016/10/standards-and-grid-codes-the-latest-developments-and-trends/ | access-date=2019-07-04}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Smart grid]]

* [[RISSP]]

==References==

<References/>

==External links==

* [http://wwwcercind.ternagov.it/default/Home_en/electric_systemin/grid_code2010/tabidORDER/502February2010/DefaultIEGC_Review_Proposal.aspxpdf ItalianIndian grid code]

* [https://www.terna.it/en/electric-system/grid-codes/italian-grid-code Italian grid code (for direct connections to TSO)]

* [https://www.ceinorme.it/doc/norme/016021_2019/0-16_2019.pdf Italian grid code (for connections to DSOs)]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100214010602/http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/Electricity/Codes/gridcode/gridcodedocs/ UK grid codes]

* [https://www.dnvgl.com/GridCodeListing.pdf International Grid Code Listing]

{{Electricity delivery}}

[[Category:Electric power transmission]]

[[Category:Regulation of technologies]]