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'''Hamida Djandoubi''' ([[1949]]?–[[10 September]], [[1977]]) was the last person to be [[guillotine|guillotined]] in [[France]], at Baumettes Prison in [[Marseille]]. He was a [[Tunisian]] immigrant who had been convicted of the [[torture]] and [[murder]] of 21-year-old Elisabeth Bousquet in Marseille. [[Marcel Chevalier]] served as chief executioner.

{{short description|Tunisian murderer (1949–1977)}}

{{Infobox criminal

| name = Hamida Djandoubi

| image_name = Hamida Djandoubi.jpg

| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1949|9|22}}

| birth_place = [[Tunis]], [[French Tunisia]]

| death_date = {{nowrap|{{Death date and age|df=yes|1977|9|10|1949|9|22}}}}

| death_place = [[Baumettes Prison]], [[Marseille]], France

| resting_place = [[Cimetière Saint-Pierre (Marseille)|Cimetière Saint-Pierre]], Marseille

| nationality = Tunisian

| education =

| parents =

| motive = Revenge for previous criminal charges

| conviction = [[Aggravated murder|Murder with aggravating circumstances]]<br />[[Procuring (prostitution)|Procuring]]<br />[[Rape]] (2 counts)<br />Premeditated violence (3 counts)

| victims = Élisabeth Bousquet, 21

| date = Early 1973 <small>(procuring)</small> – 3 July 1974 <small>(murder)</small>

| locations = [[Marseille]]<br />[[Lançon-Provence]]

| image_alt =

| image_caption = Djandoubi being escorted to his trial at the Cour d'assises d'Aix-en-Provence, February 1977

| cause = [[Execution by guillotine]]

| alias = "Pimp Killer"

| conviction_penalty = [[Capital punishment in France|Death]] (25 February 1977)

| apprehended = 11 August 1974

}}

'''Hamida Djandoubi''' ({{langx|ar|حميدة جندوبي|Ḥamīda Jandūbī}}; 22 September 1949 – 10 September 1977) was a Tunisian criminal who was executed by [[guillotine]] in France<ref name="Zimring2004">{{cite book|author=Franklin E. Zimring|title=The Contradictions of American Capital Punishment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sRTiBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT33|date=24 September 2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-029237-9|pages=33–}}</ref> after having been convicted of the [[kidnapping]], [[torture]] and [[murder]] of Élisabeth Bousquet, a 21-year-old woman that he had forced into [[prostitution]]. Djandoubi was the last person to be lawfully executed by [[beheading]] anywhere in the [[Western world]].

== Early life ==

Born in [[Tunisia]] around [[1949]], Djandoubi started living and working in [[Marseille]], [[France]] in [[1968]], as a packer. He lost his job in [[1971]] after a workplace accident removed two-thirds of his right leg.

Born in Tunisia on 22 September 1949, Djandoubi started living in Marseille in 1968, where he worked in a grocery store. He later worked as a [[landscaper]] but had a workplace accident in 1971: his leg got caught in the tracks of a tractor, resulting in the loss of two-thirds of his right leg.<ref name="youtube.com">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxaflU33708 Cédric Condom, ''Le Dernier Guillotiné''], [[Planète+]] Justice, 2011 (French)</ref>

== Allegation of forced prostitution ==

In [[1973]], a 21-year-old woman named Elisabeth Bousquet filed a complaint against Djandoubi for illegal confinement and cruelty, claiming that he had tried to force her into prostitution.

In 1973, a 21-year-old woman named Élisabeth Bousquet, whom Djandoubi had met in the hospital while recovering from his [[amputation]], filed a complaint against him, stating that he had tried to [[forced prostitution|force her into prostitution]].<ref name="youtube.com" />

== Murder of Élisabeth Bousquet ==

After his arrest and eventual release from custody during the spring of [[1973]], Djandoubi drew two other young girls into his confidence and then forced them to "work" for him. The idea of taking revenge on his accuser never left his mind, however, and in July [[1974]] he kidnapped Bousquet and took her into his home where, in full view of the terrified girls, he beat the unfortunate woman mercilessly before stubbing a lit cigarette all over her breasts and genital area. Despite this Bousquet survived the ordeal, so Djandoubi took her by car to an outskirt of [[Marseille]] and there strangled her.

After his arrest and eventual release from custody during the spring of 1973, Djandoubi drew two other young girls into his confidence and then forced them into prostitution for him.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Beadle |first1=Jeremy |last2=Harrison |first2=Ian |title=Firsts, Lasts and Only's: Crime |date=2007 |publisher=Pavilion Books |isbn=978-1-905798-04-9 |page=169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQdOF2zxlGgC&dq=Murder+of+Elisabeth+Bousquet&pg=PA169 |language=en}}</ref> On 3 July 1974, he kidnapped Bousquet and took her into his home where, in full view of the terrified girls, he beat the woman before stubbing a lit cigarette all over her breasts and genital area. Bousquet survived the ordeal so he took her by car to the outskirts of Marseille and strangled her there.{{sfn|Mercer|2008}}<ref>{{cite web |title=The Infamous Guillotine Falls for the Last Time {{!}} History Channel on Foxtel |url=https://www.historychannel.com.au/this-day-in-history/the-infamous-guillotine-falls-for-the-last-time/ |website=History Channel |access-date=8 February 2019 |language=en-AU |date=19 June 2016 |archive-date=26 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426202646/https://www.historychannel.com.au/this-day-in-history/the-infamous-guillotine-falls-for-the-last-time/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On his return, Djandoubi warned the two girls to say nothing of what they had seen, and it was not until.{{sfn|Mercer|2008}} Bousquet's body was identified one month after its discoverydiscovered in a shed by twoa childrenboy on [[7 July]], [[1974]]. thatOne themonth girlslater, finallyDjandoubi foundkidnapped theanother couragegirl who managed to takeescape theirand storyreport him to thepolice.<ref>{{cite authoritiesweb |title=The Guillotines Final Bite |url=https://www.pressreader.com/ |via=PressReader |publisher=Ottawa Citizen |access-date=8 February 2019 |date=3 August 2008}}</ref>

== Trial and execution ==

After a lengthy pre-trial process, Djandoubi eventually appeared in court in [[Aix-en-Provence]] on charges of [[torture murder|torture-murder]], [[rape]], and premeditated violence on [[24 February]], [[1977]]. His main defence revolved around the supposed effects of the amputationloss of his leg six years earlier, which his lawyer claimed had driven him to a paroxysm of alcohol and violence, turning him into a "different" man. It was all to no avail, however: on February 25 he was condemned to death. An appeal against his sentence was rejected on [[9 Juneparoxysm]], and in the early morning of [[10alcohol Septemberabuse]], [[1977]],and Djandoubi was awoken to be informedviolence that all hope of a presidential reprieve had failed.turned Shortlyhim afterwards, at 4:40into "a.m., hedifferent was executedman".

On 25 February, he was sentenced to death. An [[appeal]] was rejected on 9 June. On 10 September 1977, Djandoubi was informed early in the morning that, as in the [[Child murder|child murderers]] cases of [[Christian Ranucci]] (executed on 28 July 1976) and [[Jérôme Carrein]] (executed on 23 June 1977), he had not received a reprieve from President [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]]. Shortly afterwards, at 4:40&nbsp;a.m., Djandoubi was executed by [[guillotine]] at [[Baumettes Prison]] in [[Marseille]]. [[Marcel Chevalier]] served as chief executioner.<ref name="isf">{{Citation | title = Les deux derniers bourreaux français toujours vivants | url = http://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2007/09/10/8914-les-deux-derniers-bourreaux-francais-toujours-vivants.html | publisher = La Dépêche du Midi | date = 10 September 2007 }} (French)</ref>

==References==

*[http://www.mentalfloss.com/archives/archive2003-01-28.htm Mental Floss] Fact of the Day January 28, 2003

{{unreferenced}}

While Djandoubi was the last person executed in France, he was not the last condemned.<ref name = rfi>{{Citation | title = La dernière exécution capitale date de 30 ans | url = http://www.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/093/article_56265.asp | publisher = Radio France internationale | date = 10 September 2007 }} (French)</ref> Fifteen defendants were sentenced to die before capital punishment was abolished in France on 9 October 1981 following the election of [[François Mitterrand]], and those previously sentenced had their sentences [[Commutation (law)|commuted]].<ref name = nouvelobs>{{Citation | title = Il y a 30 ans, avait lieu la dernière exécution | url = http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/actualites/societe/20070910.OBS4158/il_y_a_30_ans_avait_lieula_derniere_execution.html | publisher = Le Nouvel Observateur | date = 10 September 2007 | access-date = 10 September 2008 | archive-date = 27 February 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080227015639/http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/actualites/societe/20070910.OBS4158/il_y_a_30_ans_avait_lieula_derniere_execution.html | url-status = dead }} (French)</ref> Djandoubi's death was the last time any Western nation carried out an execution by beheading, as well as the most recent government-sanctioned guillotine execution in the world.

[[Category:1977 deaths|Djandoubi, Hamida]]

[[Category:Executed murderers|Djandoubi, Hamida]]

[[Category:French murderers|Djandoubi, Hamida]]

== See also ==

[[fr:Hamida Djandoubi]]

* [[Nicolas Jacques Pelletier]], the first person to be executed by guillotine in France in 1792, during the [[French Revolution]].

[[nl:Hamida Djandoubi]]

* [[Eugen Weidmann]], the last person to be publicly executed by guillotine in France in 1939.

[[pl:Hamida Djandoubi]]

[[fi:Hamida Djandoubi]]

== Further reading ==

* {{cite book |last1=Mercer |first1=Jeremy |title=When the Guillotine Fell: The Bloody Beginning and Horrifying End to France's River of Blood, 1791–1977 |date=2008 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-1-4299-3608-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlSQE7VekvwC&q=Elisabeth+Bousquet |language=en}}

* Jean-Yves Le Nahour, ''Le Dernier guillotiné'', Paris, [[Editis|First Editions]], 2011

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [http://www.jeremymercer.net/ancillary-material-for-guillotine/ Various photos, newspaper articles, and court documents related to the Djandoubi case]

{{Prostitution in France}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Djandoubi, Hamida}}

[[Category:1949 births]]

[[Category:1977 deaths|Djandoubi, Hamida]]

[[Category:French murderers|Djandoubi, Hamidaamputees]]

[[Category:20th-century French criminals]]

[[Category:20th-century Tunisian criminals]]

[[Category:French people convicted of rape]]

[[Category:French people executed for murder]]

[[Category:French pimps]]

[[Category:French torturers]]

[[Category:Tunisian kidnappers]]

[[Category:People convicted of assault]]

[[Category:People convicted of murder by France]]

[[Category:People executed by the French Fifth Republic by guillotine]]

[[Category:Criminals from Marseille]]

[[Category:Tunisian people convicted of murder]]

[[Category:Tunisian people executed abroad]]

[[Category:Tunisian amputees]]

[[Category:People convicted of torture]]

[[Category:Businesspeople from Marseille]]

[[Category:Violence against women in France]]