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{{short description|German transport aircraft}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
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{{Infobox aircraft
|name = Ju 52
|image = File:Ju-Air Junkers Ju-52 in flight over Austria.jpg
|caption = JU Air Junkers Ju 52/3m HB/HOS in flight over Austria (July 2013)
|type = Transport aircraft, [[medium bomber]], airliner
|manufacturer = [[Junkers]]
|designer = Ernst Zindel
|first_flight = 13 October 1930 (Ju 52/1m); 7 March 1932 (Ju 52/3m)
|introduction =
|retired =
|status = In limited use
|primary_user = [[Luftwaffe]]
|more_users = [[Luft Hansa]]<br />[[Spanish Air Force]] <br />[[French Air Force]]
|produced = 1931–1945 (Germany)<br />1945–1947 (France)<br />1945–1952 (Spain)
|number_built = 4,845
|unit cost =
|variants =
}}
The '''Junkers Ju 52/3m''' (nicknamed ''Tante Ju'' ("Aunt Ju") and ''Iron Annie'') is a transport aircraft that was designed and manufactured by German aviation company [[Junkers]]. First introduced during 1930 as a civilian [[airliner]], it was adapted into a military transport aircraft by Germany's Nazi regime, which exercised power over the company for its war efforts, over the objections of the company's founder [[Hugo Junkers]].
Development of the Ju 52 commenced in the late 1920s, headed by German [[Aerospace engineering|aeronautical engineer]] Ernst Zindel. The aircraft's design incorporated a [[wikt:corrugated|corrugated]] [[duralumin]] metal skin as a strengthening measure, which was a material design pioneered by Junkers and used on many of their aircraft, including the popular [[Junkers F 13]] 1920s, the record-setting [[Junkers W 33]], and [[Junkers W 34|Junkers W34]]. The corrugation was both a strength and a weakness; it provided increased structural strength but also increased aerodynamic drag. But more importantly it allowed the practical use of aluminum before newer alloys were developed.
The Ju 52's [[maiden flight]] was performed on 13 October 1930. It was initially designed with a single-engine version and a [[trimotor]] version; the single-engine version was to be the freighter while the trimotor was the passenger airliner. In the long run, the trimotor configuration was produced in far greater numbers. The primary early production model, the ''Ju 52/3m'', was principally operated as a 17-seat airliner or utility transport aircraft by various civil operators during the 1930s. Starting in 1933, the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi regime]] that had taken power in Germany demanded that Junkers produce military versions of the Ju 52. Despite Hugo Junkers' resistance, the company was compelled to produce military aircraft; in 1935, Nazi officials visited Hugo Junkers' house on his birthday, resulting in his death under unclear circumstances{{fact|date=March 2025}} and his company having been signed over to the state. Thousands of Ju 52s were procured as a staple military transport of the [[Luftwaffe]]. The ''Ju 52/3mg7e'' was the principal production model.
The Ju 52 was in production between 1931 and 1952. In a civilian role, it flew with over 12 airlines, including [[Swissair]] and [[Deutsche Luft Hansa]], as both a passenger carrier and a freight hauler. In a military role, large numbers flew with the [[Luftwaffe]], being deployed on virtually all fronts of the [[World War II|Second World War]] as a troop and cargo transport; it was also briefly used as a [[medium bomber]]. Additionally, the type was deployed by other nations' militaries in conflicts such as the [[Spanish Civil War]], the [[Chaco War]], the [[First Indochina War]], and the [[Portuguese Colonial War]]. During the [[postwar]] era, the Ju 52 had a lengthy service life with numerous military and civilian operators; large numbers were still in use by the 1980s. Even in the 21st century, several aircraft have remained operational, typically used for heritage aviation displays and aerial sightseeing.
==Development==
===Origins===
[[File:Western Canada Air Museum Junkers JU52 - 1M (7208155722).jpg|thumb|An early version had one engine, and the three engine version was also developed. Trimotors were popular in the 1920s including models from Fokker and Ford (see [[Fokker F.VII|Fokker Trimotor]], [[Ford Trimotor]]).]]
[[File:Junkers Ju 52 (HB-HOY) 14 b.jpg|thumb|The more familiar three radial engine configuration]]
The Ju 52 was designed starting in 1925, in two versions, a single engine version for freight transport (Ju-52/1m) and trimotor passenger version for 17 (Ju 52/3m), both as civilian versions. Both designs were overseen by the German [[Aerospace engineering|aeronautical engineer]] Earnst Zindel, the design team being based at the [[Junkers]] works at [[Dessau]]. A driving force in the project was the commercial prospects presented by the German airline [[Deutsche Luft Hansa|Deutsche Luft Hansa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title = Iron Annie: The Junkers Ju-52 |url = https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/iron-annie-the-junkers-ju-52/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website = Warfare History Network |language = en-US}}</ref> Work on turning the design into a prototype started in 1928.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="smith 3" /> The Ju 52 had numerous similarities to several previous Junkers aircraft, such as the previous [[Junkers W 33]], noted for its crossing of the [[Atlantic]] in 1928, and the smaller [[Junkers W 34]]. Sharing features included the distinctive corrugated duraluminum exterior. According to aviation author J. Richard Smith, the Ju 52 directly drew upon the company's [[World War I|First World War]]-era [[Junkers J 1]] - the world's first all-metal aeroplane.<ref name = "smith 3">Smith 1966, p. 3.</ref>
On 13 October 1930, the first prototype, designated ''Ju 52ba'', performed the type's [[maiden flight]]; it was initially powered by a single Junkers-built liquid-cooled [[V12 engine|V-12]] engine, capable of generating up to {{cvt|800|PS|disp=flip}}.<ref name="smith 3" /> During the aircraft's extensive trials, it was reengined with a {{cvt|755|PS|disp=flip}} [[BMW IV]] water-cooled inline-6 powerplant. The second prototype, designated ''Ju 52de'', featured an increased wing span and was powered by the BMW IV engine at first; it was soon reengined with the {{cvt|750|HP|disp=flip}} 14-cylinder twin-row air-cooled radial [[Armstrong Siddeley Leopard]] and re-designated ''Ju 52di''.<ref name="smith 3" /> Later on, the Ju 52di was again reengined with the {{cvt|750|PS|disp=flip}} [[Junkers Jumo 204]] air-cooled inverted inline-6, after which it was re-designated ''Ju 52do''. The third prototype, designated ''Ju 52ce'', had a strengthened structure, a modified [[leading edge]], and was fitted with both a wheeled and [[Float (nautical)|float]] [[landing gear|undercarriage]]s.<ref name="smith 3" />
During May 1931, one of the prototypes, designated ''Ju 52cai'', was written off after a crash.<ref name="smith 34">Smith 1966, pp. 3-4.</ref> While these initial aircraft had been powered by a single engine, Junkers decided to develop the Ju 52 into a [[trimotor]] configuration. Accordingly, the ''Ju 52/3m'' (''drei motoren''—"three engines") was developed, being powered by an arrangement of three [[radial engine]]s.<ref name="smith 4" /> According to Smith, the earliest known Ju 52/3m was delivered to [[Bolivia]]n airline [[Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano]] during 1932. During its initial production years, airlines were the type's most common customers.<ref name="smith 4" /> By the mid-1930s, the ''Ju 52/3mce'' and ''Ju 52/3fe'', were the two primary production variants, both being powered by the [[BMW 132]] radial engine.<ref name="smith 4">Smith 1966, p. 4.</ref>
=== Militarized versions ===
{{cnspan|date=June 2025|Shortly after the [[Nazi Germany|Nazis]] came into power in 1933, Junkers was approached to participate in Germany's rearmament. When Junkers declined, the Nazis responded by demanding ownership of all patents and market shares from his remaining companies, under threat of imprisonment on the grounds of [[High Treason]]. Despite Hugo Junkers' objections, his company, designs, and name would be pressed into military service to serve the militaristic regime that had gained power in Germany. Ironically, despite his designs being associated with Germany's Luftwaffe and the Second World War, Hugo Junkers had opposed Nazism.}}
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-331-3045-17, Russland, Ju 52 mit Minensprengring.jpg|thumb|One of the many unique military variants; here is a minesweeping version (note ring), 1942.]]
During 1934, work commenced on a militarised model of the Ju 52/3m, designated ''Ju 52/3mg3e'', on behalf of the then-secret [[Luftwaffe]].<ref name = "smith 5"/> This model could function as a [[medium bomber]], being furnished with a pair of machine gun positions (an open dorsal position and a ventral "dustbin" position lowered by a hand crank), each with single machine guns and operated by a crew of four. Between 1934 and 1935, a total of 450 Ju 52/3mg3e aircraft were delivered to the Luftwaffe.<ref name = "smith 5"/>
===Wartime and postwar===
Numerous improved models would be introduced prior to and during the [[World War II|Second World War]]. The dominant production model was the ''Ju 52/3mg7e'', featuring advances such as an [[autopilot]], enlarged doors to the cabin, and other general enhancements.<ref name = "smith 6"/> It was configured as a pure transport aircraft, being capable of carrying up to 18 fully-equipped troops. Defensive armaments comprised a dorsal-mounted 13 mm [[MG 131 machine gun]] and a pair of beam 7.9mm [[MG 15]] machine guns.<ref name = "smith 6">Smith 1966, p. 6.</ref> Successive models saw other improvements, such as revised glazing, newer engines, undercarriage strengthening, and increased take-off weight. The final wartime model to be developed, designated ''Ju 52/3mg14e'', featured improved armour protection for the pilot and a bolstered defensive armament.<ref name = "smith 67">Smith 1966, pp. 6-7.</ref>
From mid-1943 onwards, the Luftwaffe began to make less use of the Ju 52, interest having waned in the type.<ref name = "smith 13"/> German officials were interested in procuring a successor to the type; at one stage, the [[Ministry of Aviation (Nazi Germany)|Reich Air Ministry]] showed enthusiasm for the [[Junkers Ju 352]], a larger transport aircraft somewhat resembling the Ju 52. Actions were taken to convert Junkers' Ju 52 production lines to instead manufacture Ju 352s; however, [[Victory in Europe Day|the conflict's end in May 1945]] led to the effort being abandoned in an unfinished state.<ref name = "smith 13">Smith 1966, p. 13.</ref> As such, German production of the Ju 52 was terminated during 1944; Smith claims that a total of 3,234 aircraft of various models were constructed during the conflict.<ref name = "smith 7">Smith 1966, p. 7.</ref>
In the [[postwar]] era, manufacture of the Ju 52 resumed, albeit in foreign countries.<ref name = "smith 13"/> It was constructed in France by [[Avions Amiot]] as the ''Amiot AAC.1 Toucan''; it was also produced in Spain by [[CASA (aircraft manufacturer)|Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA]] (CASA) as the ''CASA 352''. A handful of captured wartime aircraft were also rebuilt by [[Short Brothers]] of [[Northern Ireland]] for civilian service.<ref name = "smith 13"/>
==Design==
[[File:Junkers Ju 52-3mg2.jpg|thumb|Lufthansa's 21st-century airworthy heritage Ju 52/3mg2e (Wk-Nr 5489) in flight, showing the ''Doppelflügel'', "double wing" trailing-edge control surfaces]]
The Ju 52 had a low [[Cantilever#Aircraft|cantilever]] wing, the midsection of which was built into the [[fuselage]], forming its underside.<ref>Grey and Bridgman 1972, {{page needed||date=February 2020}}.</ref><ref name = "smith 3"/> It was formed around four pairs of circular cross-section duralumin [[Spar (aeronautics)|spar]]s with a corrugated surface that provided torsional stiffening. A narrow control surface, with its outer section functioning as the [[aileron]], and the inner section functioning as a [[Flap (aeronautics)|flap]], ran along the whole [[trailing edge]] of each wing panel, well separated from it. The inner flap section lowered the stalling speed and the arrangement became known as the ''Doppelflügel'', or "double wing".<ref name="Jackson 1960, p. 100.">Jackson 1960, p. 100.</ref><ref name = "smith 3"/> The outer sections of this operated differentially as [[aileron]]s, projecting slightly beyond the wingtips with control horns. The strutted [[Tailplane|horizontal stabilizer]] carried horn-balanced [[Elevator (aeronautics)|elevator]]s which again projected and showed a significant gap between them and the stabilizer, which was adjustable in-flight. All stabilizer surfaces were corrugated.
[[File:JU 52.svg|thumb|Junkers Ju 52]]
The Ju 52 featured an unusual corrugated [[duralumin]] metal skin, which had been pioneered by Junkers during the [[Junkers D.I|First World War]]; the corrugation served to strengthen the whole structure over a smoother approach.<ref name = "smith 3"/> The fuselage was of rectangular section with a domed decking, comprising a tubular steel structure that was entirely covered by the corrugated metal skin.<ref name = "smith 3"/> A port-side passenger door was placed just aft of the wings; this entrance also acted as a loading hatch for freight, the lower half functioning as a platform to ease cargo movements. The cabin had a dimensional capacity of {{cvt|590|cuft|disp=flip}}, and was lined with numerous windows stretching forward to the pilots' [[cockpit]].<ref name = "smith 3"/> The main [[Landing gear|undercarriage]] was fixed and divided; some aircraft had wheel [[Aircraft fairing|fairing]]s, others did not. A fixed tailskid, or a later tailwheel, was used. Some aircraft were fitted with floats or skis instead of the main wheels.<ref name = "smith 4"/>
In its original configuration, designated the ''Ju 52/1m'', the Ju 52 was a single-engined aircraft, powered by either a [[BMW IV]] or Junkers liquid-cooled [[V12 engine|V-12]] engine. However, the single-engined model was deemed to have been underpowered and, after seven [[prototype]]s had been completed, all subsequent Ju 52s were built with three [[radial engine]]s as the ''Ju 52/3m'' (''drei motoren''—"three engines"). Originally powered by three [[Pratt & Whitney R-1690 Hornet]] radial engines, later production models mainly received 574 kW (770 hp) [[BMW 132]] engines, a licence-built refinement of the Pratt & Whitney design. Export models were also built with 447 kW (600 hp) [[Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp]] and 578 kW (775 hp) [[Bristol Pegasus]] VI engines.
The two wing-mounted radial engines of the Ju 52/3m had half-[[Chord (aeronautics)|chord]] [[cowling]]s and in planform view (from above/below) appeared to be splayed outwards, being mounted at an almost perpendicular angle to the tapered wing's sweptback leading edge (in a similar fashion to the [[Mitsubishi G3M]] bomber and [[Short Sunderland]]; the angled engines on the Ju 52 were intended to make maintaining straight flight easier should an engine fail, while the others had different reasons). The three engines had either [[Townend ring]] or NACA cowlings to reduce drag from the engine cylinders, although a mixture of the two was most common (as can be seen in many of the accompanying photographs), with deeper-chord NACA cowlings on the wing engines and a narrow Townend ring on the center engine (onto which a deeper NACA cowl was more difficult to fit, due to the widening fuselage behind the engine). Production Ju 52/3m aircraft flown by [[Deutsche Luft Hansa]] before the Second World War, as well as Luftwaffe-flown Ju 52s flown during the war, usually used an [[air-start system]] to turn over their trio of radial engines, using a common compressed air supply that also operated the main wheels' brakes.{{Citation needed|date=February 2020}}
In a military context, the Ju 52 could carry up to 18 fully-equipped soldiers, or 12 stretchers when used as an [[Air medical services|air ambulance]]. Transported material was loaded and unloaded through side doors by means of a ramp. Air-dropped supplies were jettisoned through two double chutes; supply containers were dropped by parachute through the bomb-bay doors, and [[paratrooper]]s jumped through the side doors. [[Sd.Kfz. 2|Sd.Kfz. 2 ''Kettenkrafträder'']] (half-track motorcycles) and supply canisters for parachute troops were secured under the fuselage at the bomb bay exits and were dropped with four parachutes. A tow coupling was built into the tail-skid for use in towing freight [[Military glider|gliders]]. The Ju 52 could tow up to two [[DFS 230]] gliders.{{Citation needed|date=February 2020}}
==Operational history==
[[File:Junkers Ju-52 single-engine.JPG|thumb|Ju 52/1m replica (converted from 52/3m) of "CF-ARM" at the [[Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada]], Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-166-0512-39, Kreta, Abgestürzte Ju 52.jpg|thumb|Ju 52s damaged in [[Battle of Crete|Crete]], 1941]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-026-0122-32A, Griechenland, Kreta, Ju 52.jpg|thumb|A [[Luftwaffe]] Ju 52 being serviced in Crete in 1943: Note the narrow-chord [[Townend ring]] on the central engine and the deeper-chord [[NACA cowling]]s on the wing engines.]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-670-7410-10, Fallschirmjägerabsprung aus Junkers Ju 52.jpg|thumb|Luftwaffe Ju 52s dropping paratroops]]
[[File:MG-15 ammo Ju-52.jpg|thumb|Internal view of Ju 52 showing a defensive [[MG 15]] beam machine gun and storage mounts for spare saddle-drum magazines]]
[[File:Junkers Ju 52 cockpit.jpg|thumb|Junkers Ju 52 cockpit layout]]
===Prewar civil use===
In late 1931, [[James Armstrong Richardson, Sr.|James A. Richardson]]'s [[Canadian Airways]] received (Werknummer 4006) ''CF-ARM'', the sixth-built Ju 52/1m.<ref name = "smith 34"/> The aircraft, first refitted with an [[Armstrong Siddeley Leopard]] radial engine and then later with a [[Rolls-Royce Buzzard]] and nicknamed the "Flying Boxcar" in Canada,<ref>[http://www.lib.uwo.ca/programs/companyinformationcanada/cr-rollsroyce.htm {{"'}}Bud' Johnston Library."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114031403/http://www.lib.uwo.ca/programs/companyinformationcanada/cr-rollsroyce.htm |date=14 November 2010 }} ''Rolls-Royce of Canada Ltd., Montreal Quebec''.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=5uEDAAAAMBAJ&dq=popular+mechanics+1932+May%2C1932&pg=PA742 "Flying Box Car for Sky Lanes Of Northland."] ''Popular Mechanics,'' May 1939.</ref> could carry {{cvt|2000|kg}} and had a maximum weight of {{cvt|6600|kg}}. It was commonly used to supply mining and other operations in remote areas with equipment that was too big and heavy for other aircraft then in use. The Ju 52/1m was able to land on wheels, skis, or floats (as were all Ju 52 variants).<ref>[http://www.scramble.nl/wiki/index.php?title=Junkers_Ju-52/1m "Junkers_Ju-52/1m ."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929082959/http://www.scramble.nl/wiki/index.php?title=Junkers_Ju-52%2F1m |date=29 September 2007 }} ''scramble.nl.'' Retrieved: 12 October 2010.</ref><ref name = "smith 4"/>
Prior to the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi government]]'s seizure of control of the Junkers company during 1935, the Ju 52/3m was produced principally as a 17-seat airliner. By 1935, 97 Ju 52s were being operated by numerous airlines; early customers included [[Finland]]'s [[Finnair|Aero O/Y]], [[Sweden]]'s [[AB Aerotransport]], and [[Brazil]]'s [[Serviços Aéreos Cruzeiro do Sul|Syndicato Condor]].<ref name = "smith 4"/>
During May 1932, German [[flag carrier]] [[Deutsche Luft Hansa|Luft Hansa]] took delivery of its first example of the type.<ref name = "smith 4"/> The Ju 52 was heavily used by Luft Hansa, it was able to fly from [[Berlin]] to [[Rome]] in eight hours; both this route and the [[London]]-Berlin service was frequently operated by the type.<ref name = "smith 4"/> According to Smith, Luft Hansa's Ju 52 fleet eventually numbered 231 Ju 52s;<ref name = "smith 5">Smith 1966, p. 5.</ref> during the pre-war era, it was flown on various routes from Germany on routes in Europe, Asia, and South America.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}
===Military use 1932–1945===
The [[Colombian Air Force]] used three Ju 52/3mde bombers equipped as [[floatplane]]s during the [[Leticia Incident|Colombia-Peru War]] in 1932–1933. After the war, the air force acquired three other Ju 52mge as transports; the type remained in service until after the end of the [[World War II|Second World War]].{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}
[[Bolivia]] acquired four Ju 52s in the course of the [[Chaco War|Chaco War (1932–1935)]], mainly for [[medical evacuation]] and air supply. During the conflict, the Ju 52s alone transported more than 4,400 tons of cargo to the front.<ref>Hagedorn, Dan & Antonio Luis Sapienza. (1996) "Aircraft of the Chaco War, 1928–1935." ''Schiffer Publishing Co.'' Atglen, pp. 96–100. {{ISBN|0764301462}}.</ref>
In 1934, Junkers received orders to produce a bomber version of the Ju 52/3m to serve as interim equipment for the bomber units of the still-secret Luftwaffe until it could be replaced by the purpose-designed [[Dornier Do 11]].<ref name="Green3rd p405">Green 1972, p. 405.</ref> Two bomb bays were fitted, capable of holding up to {{convert|1500|kg|abbr=on}} of bombs, while defensive armament consisted of two 7.92 mm [[MG 15|MG 15 machine gun]]s, one in an open dorsal position, and one in a retractable "dustbin" ventral position, which could be manually winched down from the fuselage to protect the aircraft from attacks from below. The bomber could be easily converted to serve in the transport role.<ref name="Green3rd p406">Green 1972, p. 406.</ref> The Dornier Do 11 was a failure, however, and the Junkers ended up being acquired in much larger numbers than at first expected, with the type being the Luftwaffe's main bomber until more modern aircraft such as the [[Heinkel He 111]], [[Junkers Ju 86]] and [[Dornier Do 17]] entered into service.<ref name="Green3rd p405-6">Green 1972, pp. 405–406.</ref><ref name="SmithKayp360">Smith and Kay 1972, p. 360.</ref>
The Ju 52 {{cnspan|first|date=May 2021}} was used in military service in the [[Spanish Civil War]] against the [[Second Spanish Republic|Spanish Republic]]. It was one of the first aircraft to be delivered to the [[Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)|Nationalist faction]] in July 1936, with 20 Ju 52/3m g3e bombers being delivered to the Nationalist forces by Germany within a week of the start of the war. Their first use was to help [[Spanish airlift of 1936|airlift]] [[Francisco Franco|Franco]]'s [[Army of Africa (Spain)|Army of Africa]] from [[Morocco]] to the Spanish mainland, bypassing a Spanish republican naval blockade. Between 20 July and the end of August 1936, Ju 52s carried out 461 transport flights, ferrying 7,350 troops together with weapons and equipment, with 5,455 more troops carried in September and a further 1,157 troops carried by the time the airlift ended early in October.<ref name="Green3rd p406-7">Green 1972, pp. 406–407.</ref> According to Smith, the Ju 52 gained a formidable reputation; the type having been reportedly used in practically every major military engagement in support of Nationalist forces.<ref name = "smith 56"/> In the Spanish theatre, the Ju 52 was operated both as a bomber and as a transport. In the former role, it participated in the [[bombing of Guernica]], although it was considered obsolete as a bomber by late 1937, by which point it was in the process of being replaced by more capable bombers such as the Dornier Do 17 and Heinkel He 111.<ref name = "smith 56">Smith 1966, pp. 5-6.</ref> The type's final sortie in the theatre was performed on 26 March 1939. By the end of the conflict, Ju 52s had accumulated 13,000 operational hours and had performed 5,400 offensive missions and dropped over 6,000 bombs.<ref name="smith 6" />
Following the end of the Spanish Civil War, no further aircraft of the bomber variants were built, though the type was again used as a bomber during the [[Bombing of Warsaw in World War II|bombing of Warsaw]]<ref>[http://www.richmond.edu/~wgreen/ECDwarsaw.html "Warsaw."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060627190249/http://www.richmond.edu/~wgreen/ECDwarsaw.html |date=27 June 2006 }} ''richmond.edu.'' Retrieved: 12 October 2010.</ref> during the [[invasion of Poland]] in September 1939. The Luftwaffe instead relied on the Ju 52 for transport roles during the Second World War, including [[Paratrooper|paratroop]] drops.
===Second World War===
During its service with Luft Hansa, the Ju 52 had proved to be an extremely reliable passenger airplane. This positive experience contributed to its adoption by the Luftwaffe as a standard aircraft model. In 1938, the [[German 7th Flieger Division|7th Air Division]] had five air transport groups with 250 Ju 52s. The Luftwaffe had 552 Ju 52s at the start of the Second World War. Though it was built in large numbers, the Ju 52 was technically obsolete. Between 1939 and 1944, 2,804 Ju 52s were delivered to the Luftwaffe (1939: 145; 1940: 388; 1941: 502; 1942: 503; 1943: 887; and 1944: 379).<ref>Baumbach 1992, p. 261</ref> The production of Ju 52s continued until around the summer of 1944; when the war came to an end, 100 to 200 were still available.
Lightly armed, and with a top speed of only 265 km/h (165 mph) — half that of a contemporary [[Hawker Hurricane|Hurricane]] — the Ju 52 was very vulnerable to fighter attack,
and an escort was always necessary when flying in a combat zone.
====Denmark and Norway campaign====
The first major operation for the aircraft after the bombing of Warsaw was at the start of [[Operation Weserübung]], the attack on Denmark and Norway on 9 April 1940. 52 Ju 52s from 1. and 8. Staffel in [[Kampfgeschwader 1]] transported a company of ''[[Fallschirmjäger (World War II)|Fallschirmjäger]]'' (paratroopers) and a battalion of infantry to [[Aalborg]] in northern [[Jutland]]. These troops captured the airfield there, vital to support later operations in southern Norway. Several hundred Ju 52s were also used to transport troops to Norway in the first days of that campaign.<ref name = "smith 710">Smith 1966, pp. 7, 10.</ref>
During the Norwegian campaign, the Luftwaffe's Ju 52s performed a total of 3,018 sorties, 1,830 of which carried troops while the remainder transported cargo and various supplies.<ref name = "smith 10"/> According to Smith, 29,280 personnel, 2,376 tons of supplies and 259,300 imp. gallons of fuel were airlifted by Ju 52s through the campaign. Around 150 aircraft were recorded as lost by the end of operations.<ref name = "smith 10">Smith 1966, p. 10.</ref>
[[File:JU 52 Minensuchgruppe Mausi.jpg|thumb|A minesweeper Ju 52/3m MS ''('''M'''inen'''s'''uch)'' equipped with degaussing ring]]
The [[seaplane]] version, equipped with two large [[Float (nautical)|float]]s, served during the [[Norwegian campaign]] in 1940, and later in the [[Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II|Mediterranean theatre]].
Some Ju 52's, both floatplanes and land planes, were used as [[minesweeper]]s, known as ''Minensuch'' — literally, "mine-search" aircraft in German. These aircraft were fitted with a {{convert|14|m|adj=on|abbr=on}} diameter current-carrying [[degaussing]] ring under the airframe to create a magnetic field that triggered submerged [[Naval mine#Influence mines|naval mines]]. They were usually designated by an -"MS" suffix, like similarly equipped [[Blohm & Voss Bv 138|Bv 138 MS]] trimotor flying boats.<ref>''The Aeroplane Monthly,'' June 1994, p. 28.</ref><ref name = "smith 16"/>
====Netherlands campaign====
The Ju 52 transport aircraft participated in the attack on the [[Netherlands]] on 10 May 1940. It was during this campaign that the Ju 52 performed a crucial role in carrying out the first large-scale air attack with [[paratroop]]s in history during the [[Battle for The Hague]].<ref name = "smith 10"/> According to Smith, 500 Ju 52s had been made ready for the aerial assault on the [[Low Countries]]. In addition to the paratroop drops, they also directly landed in hostile territory to deploy assault troops, such as at [[Ypenburg Airport]], on public highways around [[The Hague]], and on the [[Meuse|River Meuse]] (the latter using float-equipped aircraft).<ref name = "smith 1011">Smith 1966, pp. 10-11.</ref>
During the opening days of the Netherlands campaign, many German aircraft were shot down by Dutch AA-fire; a total of 125 Ju 52s were lost and 47 damaged; author Hooton considered these losses to have been relatively costly for the Luftwaffe.<ref>Hooton, E.R. "Luftwaffe at War: Blitzkrieg in the West." 2007, Vol. 2, p. 50.</ref> Although transport operations with the Ju 52 were noticeably curtailed after the initial days of the invasion, the type continued to aerially supply forward ground troops.<ref name = "smith 11">Smith 1966, p. 11.</ref>
During August 1940, Nazi German decided to base large numbers of Ju 52s at airfields in the [[Lyon]], [[Lille]], and [[Arras]] areas.<ref>Page 50, "German Air Force Air Lift Operations", by GeneralMajor Fritz Morzik, USAF Historical Division, 1961.</ref> Luftwaffe transport units were deliberately held at a state of readiness for [[Operation Sea Lion]], the envisioned invasion of the British Isles; however, this operation was never attempted, in part due to the Luftwaffe being unable to secure aerial supremacy during the [[Battle of Britain]].<ref name = "smith 11"/>
====Balkans campaign====
The next major use of the Ju 52 was in the [[Balkan Campaign (World War II)|Balkans campaign]]. The type has been credited with enabling the rapid deployment of German ground forces throughout the theatre.<ref name = "smith 11"/> The Ju 52 was also deployed during the [[Battle of Crete]] in late May 1941. 493 Ju 52/3m aircraft were used to transport most of the 22,750 troops flown onto Crete for the Luftwaffe's largest airborne invasion of the war.<ref name = "smith 11"/> While victorious, 170 aircraft were lost along with 4,500 personnel; the high loss rate brought about the end of German paratrooper operations.<ref name = "smith 11"/>
====North Africa campaign====
[[File:The Royal Air Force in Tunisia, March 1943 TR884.jpg|thumb|A destroyed Ju 52 in Tunisia, March 1943]]
During the [[North African campaign]], the Ju 52 was the mainstay reinforcement and resupply transport for the Germans, starting with 20 to 50 flights a day to [[Tunisia]] from [[Sicily]] in November 1942, building to 150 landings a day in early April as the Axis situation became more desperate. The Allied air forces developed a counter-air operation over a two-month period and implemented [[Operation Flax]] on 5 April 1943, destroying 11 Ju 52s in the air near [[Cap Bon]] and many more during bombing attacks on its Sicilian airfields, leaving only 29 flyable.<ref>Craven and Cate 1949, pp. 189–190</ref> That began two catastrophic weeks in which more than 140 aircraft were lost in air interceptions,<ref>Craven and Cate 1949, pp. 190–191</ref> culminating on 18 April with the [[Operation Flax#Palm Sunday Massacre|"Palm Sunday Massacre"]] in which 24 Ju 52s were shot down, and another 35 staggered back to Sicily and crash-landed.<ref>Weal 2003, p. 91.</ref><ref name = "smith 12">Smith 1966, p. 12.</ref>
====Stalingrad====
[[File:Ju 52 approaching Stalingrad late 1942.jpg|thumb|Ju 52 approaching Stalingrad, 1942]]
Many Ju 52's were shot down by [[Anti-aircraft warfare|antiaircraft gun]]s and fighters while transporting supplies, most notably during the desperate attempt to resupply the trapped [[6th Army (Wehrmacht)|German Sixth Army]] during the final stages of the [[Battle of Stalingrad]] in the winter of 1942–1943.<ref name = "smith 112">Smith 1966, pp. 11-12.</ref>
From 24 November 1942 to 31 January 1943, 488 aircraft were recorded as lost (this number included 266 Ju 52, 165 He 111, 42 Ju 86, 9 Fw 200, 5 He 177 and 1 Ju 290) and about 1,000 flight personnel.<ref>Morzik, F. "German Air Force Airlift Operations." ''USAAF Historical division'', 1961. p. 195.</ref>
===Hitler's personal transport===
{{main|Hans Baur#Die Fliegerstaffel des Fuehrers}}
Hitler used a Deutsche Luft Hansa Ju 52 for campaigning in the 1932 German election, preferring flying to train travel. After he became [[Chancellor of Germany]] in 1933, [[Hans Baur]] became his personal pilot, and Hitler was provided with a personal Ju 52. Named ''Immelmann II'' after the [[World War I|First World War]] ace [[Max Immelmann]], it carried the registration D-2600.<ref name="Hoffmann 2000">Hoffmann 2000, p. 75.</ref> As his power and importance grew, Hitler's personal air force grew to nearly 50 aircraft, based at [[Berlin Tempelhof Airport]] and made up mainly of Ju 52s, which also flew other members of his cabinet and war staff. In September 1939, at Baur's suggestion, ''Immelmann II'' was replaced by a four-engine [[Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor|Focke-Wulf Fw 200 ''Condor'']], although ''Immelman II'' remained his backup aircraft for the rest of the Second World War.
===Chiang Kai-shek's personal transport===
[[File:Ju52 airliner Eurasia.jpg|thumb|Ju 52 of Eurasia, 1930s in China]]
[[Eurasia Aviation Corporation|Eurasia]] was a major Chinese airliner company in the 1930s and operated at least seven Ju 52/3ms. A further example, sent out as a demonstrator to Eurasia, was purchased by the [[Kuomintang|Chinese Nationalist Party]] government and became [[Chiang Kai-shek]]'s personal transport.<ref>Andersson 1994, p. 7</ref>
===Postwar use===
[[File:Ju 52 HB-HOS at airshow (2016).jpg|thumb|left|Ju 52 HB-HOS on sightseeing tour at ''Degerfeld''<ref>See German Wikipedia [[:de:Flugplatz Albstadt-Degerfeld|Flugplatz Albstadt-Degerfeld]]</ref> [[Aerodrome|airfield]] (2016)]]
[[File:Skoki padalcev na slivniškem letališču 1960 (2).jpg|thumb|left|Skydivers [[Letalski center Maribor]], [[Maribor Edvard Rusjan Airport|Maribor Airport]], 1960]]
[[File:Junkers Ju52.3m G-AHOF BEA Ringway 25.09.47 edited-2.jpg|thumb|Ju 52/3m of [[British European Airways]] in 1947]]
[[File:AAC.1 F-BBYB STA Ringway 1948 edited-2.jpg|thumb|French-built AAC.1 of STA at [[Manchester Airport]] in 1948: This aircraft is preserved in Belgrade.]]
[[File:German Junkers Ju 52 in USAAF service 1942.jpg|thumb|Junkers C-79, s/n 42-52883, at [[Panamá Pacífico International Airport|Howard Field]], [[Panama Canal Zone]], late 1942 with the USAAF [[20th Transportation Squadron]], [[United States Air Forces Southern Command|Sixth Air Force]]]]
Various Junkers Ju 52s continued in military and civilian use following World War II. In 1956, the Portuguese Air Force, which was already using the Ju 52s as a transport plane, employed the type as a paratroop drop aircraft for its newly organized elite [[Parachute Troops School|parachute forces]], later known as the ''[[Parachute Troops School|Batalhão de Caçadores Páraquedistas]]''. The paratroopers used the Ju 52 in several combat operations in Angola and other Portuguese African colonies before gradually phasing it out of service in the 1960s.<ref>Afonso and Gomes 2000, pp. 178–183.</ref>
The [[Swiss Air Force]] also operated the Ju 52 from 1939 to 1982, when three aircraft remained in operation, probably the last and longest service in any air force.<ref>[http://swiss airforce history "Ju-52."]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''Swiss Air Force History''. Retrieved: 12 October 2010.</ref> Museums hoped to obtain the aircraft, but they were not for sale.<ref name="mcphee19831107">{{cite magazine | url=http://archives.newyorker.com/?i=1983-11-07#folio=054 | title=La Place de la Concorde Suisse-II | magazine=The New Yorker | date=1983-11-07 | access-date=22 July 2013 | author=McPhee, John | pages=55}}</ref> They are still in flying condition and together with a CASA 352 can be booked for sightseeing tours [[List of airworthy Ju 52s|with Ju-Air]].<ref>[http://www.airforcecenter.ch/navy/mainnav.php?langy=e "Ju 52."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070405091452/http://www.airforcecenter.ch/navy/mainnav.php?langy=e |date=5 April 2007 }} ''Museum of Military Aviation''. Retrieved: 12 October 2010.</ref>
During the 1950s, the Ju 52 was also used by the [[French Air Force]] during the [[First Indochina War]] as a bomber. The use of these Junkers was quite limited.<ref>Duwelz, Yves. [http://aviher.ibelgique.com/aircraft/ju52/ju52.html "Junkers Ju 52/3mge W Nr 5670 6309."] ''Aviation Heritage in Belgium'', October 2001. Retrieved: 4 April 2009.</ref>
The [[Spanish Air Force]] operated the Ju 52, nicknamed ''Pava'', until well into the 1970s. Escuadrón 721, flying the Spanish-built versions, was employed in training [[Parachuting|parachutists]] from [[Alcantarilla Air Base]] near [[Murcia]].<ref>[http://www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es/ea/pag?idDoc=787F200CFD53F6E1C12575240048576E "Escuela Militar de Paracaidismo" (Military school of Parachuting) (in Spanish).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225140223/http://www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es/ea/pag?idDoc=787F200CFD53F6E1C12575240048576E |date=25 December 2014 }} ''ejercitodelaire.mde.es.'' Retrieved: 4 November 2010.</ref>
Some military Ju 52s were converted to civilian use. For example, [[British European Airways]] operated 11 ex-Luftwaffe Ju 52/3mg8e machines, taken over by the RAF, between 1946 and retirement in 1947 on intra-U.K. routes before the [[Douglas DC-3]] was introduced to the airline.<ref name="Jackson 1960, p. 100."/> French airlines such as ''Societe de Transports Aeriens'' (STA) and [[Air France]] flew Toucans in the late 1940s and early 1950s.
In the USSR, captured Ju 52s were allocated to the Civil Air Fleet, being found particularly suitable for transporting sulphur from the [[Karakum Desert]].<ref>^ Kotelnikov, V. ''Stalin's Captives'' article in Fly Past magazine, February 2017 p.103 with ground load photo</ref> Various Soviet agencies used the Ju 52 through to 1950.
In [[Yugoslavia]] the Ju-52 was in use by [[Yugoslav Air Force]], which also heavily financed [[Flying club|flying clubs]] such as [[Letalski center Maribor]] and supported many parachuting sports activities with them. Yugoslav plane number 208 dropped paratroopers for the last time in 1960 at [[Maribor Edvard Rusjan Airport|Maribor Airport]] and today is preserved in the [[Aeronautical Museum Belgrade]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Babič, Sašo |___location=Ljubljana |publisher=Tehniška založba Slovenije |title=Sto let letalstva |year=2003}}</ref>
A Ju 52 and a Douglas DC-3 were the last aircraft to take off from [[Berlin Tempelhof Airport]] before all operations ceased there on 30 October 2008.<ref>Kulish, Nicholas. [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/31/world/europe/31berlin.html?ei=5070 "Crowds Bid Fond Farewell to Airport That Saved Berlin."] ''The New York Times'', 30 October 2008. Retrieved: 4 April 2009.</ref>
===Other versions===
Most Ju 52s were destroyed after the war, but 585 were built after 1945. In France, the machine had been manufactured during the war by the Junkers-controlled [[Avions Amiot]] company, and production continued afterwards as the '''Amiot AAC 1 Toucan'''. In [[Spain]], ''[[Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA]]'' continued production as the '''CASA 352''' and '''352L'''. [[List of airworthy Ju 52s|Four CASA 352s]] are airworthy and in regular use today.
===New Generation===
In April 2022, 90 years after the first flight of the Ju 52/3m, the Swiss [[Junkers|Junkers Flugzeugwerke AG]] announced the successor model of the Ju 52, the Ju 52 New Generation. The Ju 52 New Generation will be able to carry 14 passengers and will have modern [[RED A03]] engines and modern avionics. The market launch is not expected before 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Schelling |first=Jürgen |title=Revival von Junkers Ju52: Die "Tante Ju" kommt zurück |language=de |work=FAZ.NET |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/technik-motor/technik/junkers-flugzeugwerke-wollen-ju52-wieder-bauen-17984536.html |access-date=2022-05-02 |issn=0174-4909}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-26 |title=Junkers shows new A60 two-seater and reveals JU-52 project |url=https://flyer.co.uk/junkers-shows-new-a60-two-seater-and-reveals-ju-52-project/ |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=FLYER |language=en-GB}}</ref>
==Variants==
Data from ''Junkers Aircraft & Engines 1913–1945''<ref name=Kay>{{cite book|last=Kay|first=Anthony L.|title=Junkers Aircraft & Engines 1913–1945|year=2004|publisher=Putnam Aeronautical Books|___location=London|isbn=0-85177-985-9}}</ref>
===Civil variants===
;Ju 52
:Prototype of the single-engined transport aircraft, of twelve laid down only six were completed as single-engined aircraft. First flight: 3 September 1930, powered by a [[BMW VII]]aU engine.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=4OIDAAAAMBAJ&dq=Popular+Science+1930+plane+%22Popular+Mechanics%22&pg=-PA81 "Aerial Furniture Van Has Capacity of Three Tons."] ''Popular Mechanics'', July 1931.</ref><ref>Wolfgang Wagner. ''Hugo Junkers Pionier der Luftfahrt – Seine Flugzeuge.'' Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Bonn, 1996. {{ISBN|3-7637-6112-8}} (in German) p. 342.</ref>
;Ju 52/1mba
:The prototype Ju 52, (c/n 4001, regn D-1974), redesignated after being re-engined with a single [[Junkers L88]] engine
;Ju 52/1mbe
:Aircraft powered by BMW VIIaU
;Ju 52/1mbi
:The second prototype, (c/n 4002, regn D-2133), fitted with a {{convert|800|hp|kW|abbr=on|order=flip}} [[Armstrong Siddeley Leopard]] engine
;Ju 52/1mca
:D-1974 fitted with drag flaps and refitted with a BMW VIIaU
;Ju 52/1mcai
:D-2356, (c/n 4005), crashed in May 1933
;Ju 52/1mce
:D-USON (c/n 4003) used as a target tug. D-2317, (c/n 4004), converted to a torpedo bomber in Sweden as the K 45
;Ju 52/1mci
:The second prototype fitted with {{convert|11.05|m|ftin|abbr=on}} long stepped floats, flying from the River Elbe on 17 July 1931
;Ju 52/1mdi
:The second prototype after having the floats removed and undercarriage reinstated, registered as D-USUS from 1934
;Ju 52/1mdo
:D-1974 fitted with a [[Junkers Jumo 204|Junkers Jumo 4]] engine as a testbed, reregistered as D-UZYP from 1937
;Ju 52/3m
:Three-engined prototype, powered by three {{convert|410|kW|hp|abbr=on}} [[Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp]] engines, first flight: 7 March 1932
;Ju 52/3mba
:VIP version for the president of the [[Fédération Aéronautique Internationale]], Romanian prince [[George Valentin Bibescu]], powered by a {{convert|750|hp|kW|abbr=on|order=flip}} [[Hispano-Suiza 12Y|Hispano-Suiza 12Mb]] engine in the nose and two {{convert|423|kW|hp|abbr=on}} Hispano-Suiza 12Nb engines (one on each wing)
;Ju 52/3mce
:Three-engined civil transport aircraft, powered by three Pratt & Whitney Hornet or BMW 132 engines
;Ju 52/3mci
:Planned version for Sweden, powered by Pratt & Whitney Wasp engines, not built
;Ju 52/3mde
:Seaplane version for Bolivia and Colombia, converted from Ju 52/1m
;Ju 52/3mfe
:Improved version, with chassis reinforcements and NACA cowlings on the outer engines, powered by three BMW 132A-3 engines
;Ju 52/3mf1e
:Trainer version for DVS
;Ju 52/3mge
:Airliner version, powered by BMW Hornet 132A engines
;Ju 52/3mho
:Two aircraft powered by [[Junkers Jumo 205]]C diesel engines, used only for testing
;Ju 52/3mkao
:Version powered by two BMW 132A and one BMW 132F or BMW 132N as a testbed
;Ju 52/3ml
:Powered by three {{convert|489|kW|hp|abbr=on}} Pratt & Whitney R-1690-S1EG engines
;Ju 52/3mlu
:Airliner version for Italy, powered by Piaggio Stella X engines, later re-engined with Alfa Romeo 126RC/34 engines
;Ju 52/3mmao
:Similar to kao except with NACA cowling
;Ju 52/3mnai
:Airliner version for Sweden and Great Britain, powered by Pratt & Whitney Wasp engines
;Ju 52/3mreo
:Airliner version for South America, powered by BMW 132Da/Dc engines
;Ju 52/3msai
:Airliner version for Sweden and South Africa, powered by Pratt & Whitney Wasp engines
;Ju 52/3mte
:Airliner version, powered by three BMW 132K engines
;Ju 52/3mZ5
:Export version for Finland, powered by BMW 132Z-3 engines
===Military variants===
;Ju 52/3mg3e
:Improved military version, powered by three {{convert|541|kW|hp|abbr=on}} [[BMW 132]]A-3 (improved version of the [[Pratt & Whitney R-1690 Hornet]]) radial engines, equipped with an improved [[radio]] and bomb-release mechanism. Later versions had a tailwheel that replaced the tailskid.
;Ju 52/3mg4e
:Military transport version, the tailskid was replaced by a tailwheel.
;Ju 52/3mg5e
:Similar to g4e, but powered by three {{convert|619|kW|hp|abbr=on}} [[BMW 132]]T-2 engines, it could be fitted with interchangeable floats, skis, and wheeled landing gear.
;Ju 52/3mg6e
:Transport version equipped with extra radio gear and autopilot, could also be fitted with a degaussing ring
;Ju 52/3mg7e
:Transport version, capable of carrying 18 troops or 12 stretchers, featured autopilot and larger cargo doors
;Ju 52/3mg8e
:Similar to g6e, but with improved radio and direction finding gear, a few were fitted with floats.
;Ju 52/3mg9e
:Tropical version of g4e for service in North Africa, fitted with glider towing gear and strengthened undercarriage
;Ju 52/3mg10e
:Similar to g9e, but could be fitted with floats or wheels, lacked deicing equipment
;Ju 52/3mg11e
:Similar to g10e, but fitted with deicing equipment
;Ju 52/3mg12e
:Land transport version, powered by three [[BMW 132]]L engines
;Ju 52/3m12e
:Civilian version of Ju 52/3mg12e for Luft Hansa
;Ju 52/3mg13e
:No details are known.
;Ju 52/3mg14e
:Similar to g8e, but with improved armor, last German production version
[[File:Ju52DuxfordJM.jpg|thumb|Preserved AAC 1 showing corrugated skin, at Duxford, 2001]]
;A.A.C. 1 Toucan
:Postwar French version of g11e, 415 built<ref name="Blewett">Blewett 2007, {{page needed|date=February 2020}}.</ref>
;CASA 352
:Postwar Spanish version, 106 built<ref name="Blewett"/>
;CASA 352L
:Spanish version with Spanish {{convert|578|kW|hp|abbr=on}} [[BMW 132|ENMA Beta B-4]] (license-built BMW 132) engines, 64 built<ref name="Blewett"/><ref>{{citation |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1968/1968%20-%201509.html
|title=Transports |work=Flight International |date=8 August 1968 |page=223}}</ref>
;C-79
:Designation assigned to a single example operated by the [[United States Army Air Forces]]<ref>{{cite journal |last=Hagedorn |first=Dan |date=Fall 1992 |title=The Trek of the Aconcagua |journal=AAHS Journal |publisher=American Aviation Historical Society |___location=Huntington Beach, CA |volume=37 |issue=3 |page=227 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AztWAAAAMAAJ&q=%22C-79%22}}</ref>
;D52
:Designation used by the Czechoslovak Air Force
;T2B
:Designation used by the Spanish Air Force
;Tp 5
:Designation used by the Swedish Air Force
;K 45c: A single Ju 52/1mce (c/n 4004) was delivered to the Junkers factory at [[Limhamn]] in Sweden, where it was converted to a torpedo bomber as the K 45c.
==Operators==
{{main|List of Junkers Ju 52 operators}}
[[File:Casa352.JPG|thumb|CASA 352 (license-built Junkers Ju 52/3m) in Ju-Air markings at [[Zürich]] airport]]
{{colbegin|colwidth=15em}}
* {{ARG}}
* {{AUT}}
* {{BEL}}
* {{BOL}}
* {{BRA}}
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Bulgaria}}
* {{flag|Canada|1921}}
* {{CHL}}
* {{CHN-ROC}}
* {{COL}}
* {{flagcountry|Independent State of Croatia|name=Croatia}}
* {{CSK}}
* {{DNK}}
* {{ECU}}
* {{EST}}
* {{FIN}}
* {{FRA}}
* {{flagcountry|Nazi Germany}}
* {{DEU}}
* {{flag|Greece|old}}
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)}}
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy}}
* {{flag|Lebanon}}
* {{NOR}}
* {{PER}}
* {{POL}}
* {{PRT}}
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Romania}}
* {{flag|South Africa|1928}}
* {{flag|Slovak Republic|1938}}
* {{URS}}
* {{flag|Spanish State|1938}}
* {{SWE}}
* {{CHE}}
* {{TUR}}
* {{GBR}}
* {{flag|United States|1912}}
* {{URY}}
* {{YUG}}
{{colend}}
==Accidents and incidents==
{{main|List of accidents and incidents involving the Junkers Ju 52}}
==Surviving aircraft==
===Airworthy===
[[File:CASA 352 N352JU In Flight over the Military Aviation Museum, VA.jpg|alt=Military Aviation Museum CASA 352 in German markings|thumb|CASA 352L in flight over the Military Aviation Museum]]
;France
* T.2B-212 – Ju 52/3m airworthy with Amicale J.B. Salis in [[Cerny, Essonne]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Le Junkers Ju52-3m |url=http://www.ajbs.fr/avion/le-junkers-ju52-3m |website=Amicale Jean-Baptiste Salis |access-date=27 September 2021 |language=French}}</ref><ref name="Goodall">{{cite web |last1=Goodall |first1=Geoffrey |title=Junkers |url=http://www.goodall.com.au/warbirds-directory-v6/junkers.pdf |website=Geoff Goodall's Aviation History Site |access-date=27 September 2021 |date=22 March 2019}}</ref>
;South Africa
* T.2B-273 – CASA 352L airworthy at the [[South African Airways Museum Society]] in [[Germiston, Gauteng]].<ref>{{cite web |title="Jan van Riebeeck" |url=http://www.saamuseum.co.za/our-aircraft/66.html |website=South African Airways Museum Society |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> Bought from [[United Kingdom|England]] in 1981 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of [[South African Airways]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Austin-Williams |first1=John |title=The South African Airways Museum Society, NPC: Preserving South Africa's Civil Aviation History Since 1986 |url=http://www.saamuseum.co.za/images/stories/History_of_The_South_African_Airways_Museum_Society_webpage.htm |website=South African Airways Museum Society |access-date=28 September 2021 |date=9 February 2021}}</ref>
;United States
* T.2B-176 – CASA 352L airworthy at the [[Military Aviation Museum]] in [[Virginia Beach, Virginia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=FAA Registry [N352JU] |url=http://registry.faa.gov/AircraftInquiry/Search/NNumberResult?nNumberTxt=N352JU |website=Federal Aviation Administration |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> Formerly owned by [[Commemorative Air Force]], operated by MAM since August 2010. Converted to [[Pratt & Whitney R-1340]] geared engines, fitted with 3-blade propellers.<ref>"Warbirds Over The Beach"; Official Program Guide, May 18–20, 2012; Military Aviation Museum; Pungo, Virginia, p. 41</ref>
===On display===
;Argentina
* T-158 – Ju 52/3mge in storage at the [[Museo Nacional de Aeronáutica de Argentina]] in [[Morón, Buenos Aires]].<ref name="Goodall" />
;Belgium
* 6309 – Ju 52/3mg7e on static display at the [[Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and Military History]] in [[Brussels]].<ref name="Goodall" />
;Canada
* T.2B-148 – CASA 352L on static display at the [[Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada]] in [[Winnipeg, Manitoba]]. It has been converted to resemble a Ju 52/1m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Junkers JU-52/1M, CF-ARM |url=http://royalaviationmuseum.com/junkers-ju-52-cf-arm |website=Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada |date=26 June 2011 |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128015309/http://royalaviationmuseum.com/junkers-ju-52-cf-arm |archive-date=28 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Goodall" />
;Colombia
* FAC-625 – Ju 52/3mg4e on static display at the [[Colombian Aerospace Museum]] in [[Tocancipá|Tocancipá, Cundinamarca]].<ref>{{cite web |title=El Veterano Junkers Ju-52: Primer Avión Presidencial de Colombia |url=http://museofac.mil.co/node/379 |website=Fuerza Aérea Colombiana |access-date=27 September 2021 |language=Spanish |date=11 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="Goodall" />
;France
* 6311 – Ju 52/3mg7e in storage with the Association des Mécaniciens Pilotes d'Aéronefs Anciens in [[Brétigny-sur-Orge|Brétigny-sur-Orge, Essonne]]. It was acquired by the organization in 2011 from the Museu do Ar, where it had been in storage.<ref name=Aeroplane0811>{{cite journal |title=Junkers added to AMPAA collection |journal=Aeroplane |issue=August 2011 |page=12}}</ref><ref name="Goodall" />
;Germany
[[File:Junkers Ju 523m D AZAW at the Deutsches Technikmuseum Berlin.JPG|thumb|Ju 52/3m on display at the Deutsches Technikmuseum in Berlin]]
[[File:D-Anoy JU-52 Junkers 52 Rudolf von Thuena, Parque de visitantes, Aeropuerto de Múnich, Alemania, 2012-05-27, DD 01.JPG|thumb|CASA 352L on display at Munich Airport]]
* 363 – AAC.1 on static display at the [[Deutsches Museum]] in [[Munich, Bavaria]].<ref name="Goodall" />
* 6320 – AAC.1 on display at Verein fur Historische Luftfahrzeuge in [[Monchengladbach|Monchengladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia]]. On loan from {{ill|Hugo Junkers Kaserne|de|Hugo-Junkers-Kaserne}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Airframe Dossier - Junkers-Amiot AAC1 Toucan, s/n 6320 FAPo, c/n AAC 1-053 |url=http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=26200 |website=Aerial Visuals |access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref>
* 6134 – Ju 52/3mg4e on static display at the {{ill|Technikmuseum Hugo Junkers|de}} in [[Dessau|Dessau, Saxony-Anhalt]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.technikmuseum-dessau.de/01home/01home.htm |website=Technik Museum "Hugo Junkers" Dessau |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615220938/http://www.technikmuseum-dessau.de/01home/01home.htm |archive-date=15 June 2011 |language=German}}</ref><ref name="Goodall" />
* 6693 – Ju 52/3mg4e on static display at the {{ill|Traditionsgemeinschaft Lufttransport Wunstorf|de|Ju-52-Museum}} in [[Wunstorf|Wunstorf, Lower Saxony]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bergung unserer Ju52 in Norwegen |url=http://www.ju52-halle.de/de/exponate/junkers-ju52/bergung |website=Traditionsgemeinschaft Lufttransport Wunstorf e.V. |access-date=27 September 2021 |language=German}}</ref><ref name="Goodall" />
* 6821 – Ju 52/3mg4e on static display at the [[Technik Museum Speyer]] in [[Speyer|Speyer, Rhineland-Palatinate]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Junkers Ju-52 |url=http://speyer.technik-museum.de/en/junkers-ju-52 |website=Technik Museum Speyer |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Goodall" />
* [[Junkers Ju 52 WkNr 130714|130714]] – Ju 52/3mg8e on display with Quax on behalf of [[Lufthansa|Deutsche Lufthansa Berlin-Stiftung]] in [[Büren, Westphalia|Büren, North Rhine-Westphalia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Die "Grande Dame" der Luftfahrt |url=http://www.dlbs.de/de/Die-Flotte/Junkers-JU-52/index.php |website=Deutsche Lufthansa Berlin-Stiftung |access-date=27 September 2021 |language=German |archive-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927214806/https://www.dlbs.de/de/Die-Flotte/Junkers-JU-52/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Nowack |first1=Timo |title=Lufthansa's Ju-52 is going to Paderborn |url=http://www.aerotelegraph.com/en/lufthansas-ju-52-is-going-to-paderborn |website=AeroTelegraph |access-date=27 September 2021 |date=12 August 2020}}</ref> It was previously owned by aviation author [[Martin Caidin]] and has been refitted with [[Pratt & Whitney R-1340]] engines.<ref name="Goodall" />
* T.2B-108 – Ju 52/3mte on static display at the [[Deutsches Technikmuseum]] in [[Berlin]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Aviation |url=http://technikmuseum.berlin/en/exhibitions/permanent-exhibition/aviation |website=Deutsches Technikmuseum |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Goodall" />
* T.2B-127 – CASA 352L on static display at [[Flugausstellung Peter Junior]] in [[Hermeskeil|Hermeskeil, Rhineland-Palatinate]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Flugzeuge |url=http://www.flugausstellung.de/flugzeuge.html |website=Flugausstellung |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231084758/http://www.flugausstellung.de/flugzeuge.html |archive-date=31 December 2015}}</ref><ref name="Goodall" />
* T.2B-140 – CASA 352L on static display at the [[Technik Museum Sinsheim]] in [[Sinsheim|Sinsheim, Baden-Württemberg]].<ref name="TMS">{{cite web |title=Junkers Ju 52/3m |url=http://sinsheim.technik-museum.de/en/junkers-ju-52 |website=Technik Museum Sinsheim |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Goodall" />
* T.2B-144 – CASA 352L on static display at the Visitors Park at [[Munich Airport]] in Munich, Bavaria.<ref>{{cite web |title=Junkers Ju 52 / 3m (1937) |url=https://www.munich-airport.com/visitors-park-262040 |website=Munich Airport Historic Aircraft|access-date=20 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="Goodall" />
* T.2B-209 – CASA 352L on static display at the Technik Museum Speyer in Speyer.<ref name="Goodall" />
* T.2B-257 – CASA 352L on static display at the Technik Museum Sinsheim in Sinsheim.<ref>{{cite web |title=Airframe Dossier - Junkers-Construcciones Aeronauticas SA 352L, s/n T.2B-257 EdA, c/n 148, c/r D-CIAL |url=http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=28131 |website=Aerial Visuals |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref>
;Norway
* 6306 – Ju 52/3mg3e on static display at the [[Norwegian Aviation Museum]] in [[Bodø|Bodø, Nordland]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Junkers Ju 52 / 3m «Najaden» |url=http://www.luftfartsmuseum.no/junkers-ju-523m-najaden |website=Norsk Luftfartsmuseum |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Goodall" />
* 6657 – Ju 52/3mg4e on static display at the [[Norwegian Armed Forces Aircraft Collection]] in [[Gardermoen, Norway|Gardermoen, Viken]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Junkers Ju 52/3m |url=http://www.flysam.no/utstillingen/flyene/junkers-ju-523m |website=Flysamlingen Forsvarets museer |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927011615/https://www.flysam.no/utstillingen/flyene/junkers-ju-523m/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Goodall" />
* 6791 - Ju 52/3m Stored at Flyhistorisk Museum, Sola near Stavanger
;Poland
* 48 – AAC.1 on static display at the [[Polish Aviation Museum]] in [[Kraków]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Samolot: Amiot AAC.1 Toucan (Junkers Ju 52/3m g14e) |url=http://muzeumlotnictwa.pl/zbiory_sz.php?ido=194 |website=Muzeum Lotnictwa Polskiego |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Goodall" />
;Portugal
* 6304 – Ju 52/3mg3e on static display at the [[Museu do Ar]] in [[Sintra|Sintra, Lisbon]].<ref name="Goodall" />
;Serbia
* 7208 – AAC.1 on static display at the [[Aeronautical Museum Belgrade]] in [[Surčin|Surčin, Belgrade]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Junkers Ju 52/3m g10e |url=http://muzejvazduhoplovstva.org.rs/eksponati.php?jez=eng&id=62 |website=Aeronautical Museum Belgrade |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Goodall" />
;Spain
* T.2B-211 – CASA 352L on static display at the [[Museum of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Madrid)|Museo del Aire]] in [[Cuatro Vientos|Cuatro Vientos, Madrid]].<ref name="MdA">{{cite web |title=Exposición exterior del Museo de Aeronáutica y Astronáutica |url=http://www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es/ea/pag?idDoc=6BE8938A7DDC4556C125746C00315356 |website=Ejército del Aire |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118120622/http://www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es/ea/pag?idDoc=6BE8938A7DDC4556C125746C00315356 |archive-date=18 January 2018 |language=Spanish}}</ref><ref name="Goodall" />
* T.2B-246 – CASA 352L on static display at [[Torrejon Air Base]] in [[Torrejón de Ardoz|Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid]].<ref name="Goodall" />
* T.2B-254 – CASA 352L on static display at the Museo del Aire in Cuatro Vientos, Madrid.<ref name="MdA" /><ref name="Goodall" />
;Sweden
* T.2B-142 – CASA 352L on static display at the {{ill|Svedinos Bil- och Flygmuseum|sv}} in Ugglarp, Halland.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aviation Museum |url=http://www.svedinos.se/en/aviationmuseum |website=Svedinos Bil- och Flygmuseum |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Goodall" />
;United Kingdom
[[File:CASA 352 (AKA Junkers Ju 52-3m) at RAF Museum Cosford.jpg|thumb|CASA 352L on display at RAF Museum Cosford]]
* T.2B-272 – CASA 352L on static display at the [[Kent Battle of Britain Museum]] in [[Hawkinge]], [[Kent]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Junkers Ju52/3m Project |url=https://www.kbobm.org/ju52_project.html |website=Kent Battle of Britain Museum |access-date=14 May 2025}}</ref>
;United States
* T.2B-244 – CASA 352L in storage at the [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] in [[Dayton, Ohio]]. The aircraft was donated to the museum by the Spanish government in 1971.<ref>{{cite web |title=Junkers Ju 52 |url=https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/195965/junkers-ju-52/ |website=National Museum of the United States Air Force |access-date=27 September 2021 |date=5 June 2015}}</ref>
* T.2B-255 – CASA 352L on static display at the [[Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center]] of the [[National Air and Space Museum]] in [[Chantilly, Virginia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Junkers Ju52 |url=http://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/junkers-ju52/nasm_A19880044000 |website=National Air and Space Museum |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Goodall" />
* T.2B-262 – CASA 352L in storage at the [[Fantasy of Flight]] in [[Polk City, Florida]].<ref name="Goodall" />
===Under restoration===
;Switzerland
* A-701 – Ju 52/3mg4e under restoration to airworthy with {{ill|Ju-Air|de}} in Dübendorf, Zürich.<ref name="JAF">{{cite web |title=Fleet |url=http://www.ju-air.ch/en/about-ju-air/fleet |website=Ju-Air |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Goodall" /><ref name="JAO">{{cite web |title=Die JU-AIR hat die Grundüberholung ihrer drei JU-52 begonnen |url=http://www.ju-air.ch/de/medieninformationen/05-06-2019-ju-air-hat-die-grund%C3%BCberholung-ihrer-drei-ju-52-begonnen |website=Ju-Air |access-date=28 September 2021 |language=German |date=5 June 2019}}</ref>
* A-703 – Ju 52/3mg4e under restoration to airworthy with Ju-Air in Dübendorf, Zürich.<ref name="JAF" /><ref name="Goodall" /><ref name="JAO" />
* T.2B-165 – CASA 352L under restoration to airworthy with Ju-Air in [[Dübendorf|Dübendorf, Zürich]].<ref name="JAF" /><ref name="JAO" /> It was previously on public display at [[Düsseldorf Airport]] as D-CIAK.<ref name="Goodall" />
==Specifications (Junkers Ju 52/3m g3e)==
[[File:CASA 352L 3-view silhouette.jpg|thumb|CASA 352-L 3-view drawing]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref= ''The Warplanes of the Third Reich'',<ref name=Green>{{cite book |last1=Green |first1=William |title=The warplanes of the Third Reich |date=1972 |publisher=Doubleday |___location=London |isbn=0385057822 |pages=405–413 |edition=1st}}</ref> ''Aircraft Profile No. 177: The Junkers Ju 52 Series''<ref name = "smith 16">Smith 1966, p. 16.</ref>
|prime units?=met
|crew=Two
|capacity=17 passengers
|length m=
|length ft=62
|length in=
|length note=
|span m=
|span ft=96
|span in=
|span note=
|height m=
|height ft=18.2
|height in=
|height note=
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqft=1189.4
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=12610
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight lb=20944
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=10500
|max takeoff weight lb=23146
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
|eng1 number=3
|eng1 name=[[BMW 132A-3]]
|eng1 type=9-cylinder air-cooled [[radial engine|radial piston engines]]
|eng1 kw=510
|eng1 hp=
|eng1 note=for take-off ({{cvt|690|PS|order=flip}}<ref name="ps">Originally measured as 690 [[horsepower|PS]]</ref>)
|power original=
|more power=
|prop blade number=2
|prop name=fixed-pitch propeller
|prop dia m=
|prop dia ft=
|prop dia in=
|prop note=
|max speed kmh=265.5
|max speed mph=
|max speed kts=
|max speed note=at sea level
:::{{cvt|276.8|km/h|mph kn}} at {{convert|3000|ft|-2|order=flip|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|max speed mach=
|cruise speed kmh=246
|cruise speed mph=
|cruise speed kts=
|cruise speed note=maximum continuous at {{convert|3000|ft|order=flip|sp=us|abbr=on}}
:::{{cvt|209|km/h|mph kn|sp=us|abbr=on}} economical cruise
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed kts=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|range km=1000
|range miles=
|range nmi=
|range note=
|combat range km=
|combat range miles=
|combat range nmi=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range miles=
|ferry range nmi=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=19360
|ceiling note=
|g limits=
|roll rate=
|glide ratio=
|climb rate ms=3.9
|climb rate ftmin=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude={{convert|3000|m|ft|abbr=on}} in 17 minutes 30 seconds
|lift to drag=
|wing loading kg/m2=83.35
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|disk loading kg/m2=
|disk loading lb/sqft=
|disk loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass=7.95 kg/kW
|thrust/weight=
|guns=* 1 × {{cvt|7.92|mm|sp=us|abbr=on}} [[MG 15 machine gun]] or {{cvt|13|mm|sp=us|abbr=on}} [[MG 131 machine gun]] in a dorsal position
* 1 × {{cvt|7.92|mm}} [[MG 15 machine gun]] in a semi-retractable dustbin turret
|bombs=up to {{convert|500|kg|lbs|sp=us|abbr=on}} of bombs
|more performance=
|avionics=
}}
==See also==
{{aircontent
|related=
* [[Junkers Ju 252]]
* [[Junkers Ju 352]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Dewoitine D.338]]
* [[Douglas DC-3]]/[[Douglas C-47 Skytrain|C-47]]
* [[Fokker F.VII]]
* [[Ford Trimotor]]
* [[Savoia-Marchetti SM.81]]
* [[Stout 3-AT]]
* [[Savoia-Marchetti S.73]]
|lists=
* [[List of aircraft of World War II]]
|see also=
}}
;Other
* [[2018 Ju-Air Junkers Ju 52 crash]]
==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}
===Bibliography===
* Afonso, Aniceto and Carlos de Matos Gomes. ''Guerra Colonial'' (in Portuguese). Lisbon: Editorial Notícias, 2000. {{ISBN|972-46-1192-2}}.
* Andersson, Lennart. "Chinese 'Junks': Junkers Aircraft Exports to China 1925-1940". ''Air Enthusiast'', No. 55, Autumn 1994, pp. 2–7. {{ISSN|0143-5450}}
*{{cite book <!-- {{sfn|Baumbach|1992|p --> |ref=none |last=Baumbach |first=Werner |author-link=Werner Baumbach |title=Broken Swastika: The Defeat of the Luftwaffe |series=[Originally published in 1949 as ''Zu spät? Aufstieg und Untergang der deutschen Luftwaffe''] |others=Translated by Frederick Holt |orig-date=1960 |date=1992 |publisher=Dorset Press |isbn=0-88029-824-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/brokenswastikade0000wern}}
* Blewett, R. ''Survivors'' (Aviation Classics). Coulsdon, UK: Gatwick Aviation Society, 2007. {{ISBN|978-0-9530413-4-3}}.
* {{cite journal |last1=Cortet|first1=Pierre|title=Rétros du Mois |journal=Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire |date=March 2000 |issue=84 |page=7 |trans-title=Retros of the Month |language=French |issn=1243-8650}}
* Craven, Wesley Frank, and Cate, James Lea, editors (1949). ''The Army Air Forces in World War II'', [http://www.afhso.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-101105-006.pdf ''Volume Two - Europe: Torch to Pointblank: August 1942-December 1943''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123153734/http://www.afhso.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-101105-006.pdf |date=23 November 2016 }} Air Force Historical Studies Office, {{ISBN|0-912799-03-X}}.
* {{cite journal |last1=Espérou|first1=Robert|title=Novembre 1945: Les dernières victimes d'un Focke-Wulf 190... français! |journal=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |date=April 2001 |issue=97 |pages=24–27|trans-title=November 1945: The Last Victims of a Focke-Wulf 190 Were French!|language=fr |issn=1243-8650}}
* Gerdessen, Frederik. "Estonian Air Power 1918 – 1945". ''[[Air Enthusiast]]'', No. 18, April – July 1982. pp. 61–76. {{ISSN|0143-5450}}.
* Green, William. ''Warplanes of the Third Reich''. New York: Doubleday, 1972. {{ISBN|0-385-05782-2}}.
* Grey, Charles Gibson and Leonard Bridgman. ''Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938''. London: Newton Abott, David & Charles, 1972. {{ISBN|0-7153-5734-4}}.
* Hoffmann, Peter. ''Hitler's Personal Security: Protecting The Fuhrer 1921-1945.'' New York: Da Capo Press, 2000. {{ISBN|978-0-30680-947-7}}.
* Jackson, A. J.''British Civil Aircraft 1919-59, Vol. 2''. London: Putnam, 1960.
* Jane, Fred T. "The Junkers Ju 52/3m." ''Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II''. London: Studio, 1946. {{ISBN|1-85170-493-0}}.
* {{cite book |last = Lawrence |first = Joseph |title = The Observer's Book Of Airplanes |___location = London and New York |publisher = Frederick Warne & Co |year = 1945}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Mimoso e Carvalho|first1=António|last2=Tavares|first2=Luís|name-list-style=amp |journal=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |title=Ju 52/3m ge, Ju 52/3m g8e et "Toucan": Les Junkers 52 au Portugal|date=January 2001 |issue=94 |pages=32–37 |trans-title=The Portuguese Junkers 52s|language=fr |issn=1243-8650}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Mimoso e Carvalho|first1=António|last2=Tavares|first2=Luís|name-list-style=amp |journal=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire|title=Les opérations des Junkers 52 au Portugal |date=February 2001 |issue=95 |pages=48–53|trans-title=Portuguese Ju 52 Operations|language=fr |issn=1243-8650}}
* Morzik, Generalmajor Fritz [https://web.archive.org/web/20130527230716/http://www.afhra.af.mil/studies/numberedusafhistoricalstudies151-200.asp "German Air Force Air Lift Operations"], USAF Historical Division, 1961.
* Smith, J. R. "Aircraft Profile No. 177: The Junkers Ju 52 Series". ''Profile Publications Ltd'', 1966.
* Smith, J. R. and Antony L. Kay. ''German Aircraft of the Second World War''. London: Putnam, 1972. {{ISBN|0-85177-836-4}}.
* Weal, John. ''Jagdgeschwader 27 'Afrika'''. Oxford, UK: Osprey, 2003. {{ISBN|1-84176-538-4}}.
== Further reading ==
*{{cite journal |last1=Bénichou|first1=Michel|last2=Meyrault|first2=J.-M. |title=Les Junkers 52 français: petits, obscurs et sans grande (1)|journal=Le Fana de l'Aviation |date=November 2003 |issue=408 |pages=20–29 |issn=0757-4169 |language=fr|trans-title=French Junkers Ju 52s: Small, Obscure and Lowly, Part 1|name-list-style=amp}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Bénichou|first1=Michel|last2=Meyrault|first2=J.-M. |title=Les Junkers 52 français: petits, obscurs et sans grande (2)|journal=Le Fana de l'Aviation |date=December 2003 |issue=409 |pages=52–62 |issn=0757-4169 |language=fr|trans-title=French Junkers Ju 52s: Small, Obscure and Lowly, Part 2|name-list-style=amp}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Bénichou|first1=Michel|last2=Meyrault|first2=J.-M. |title=Les Junkers 52 français: petits, obscurs et sans grande (3)|journal=Le Fana de l'Aviation |date=January 2004 |issue=410 |pages=62–73 |issn=0757-4169 |language=fr|trans-title=French Junkers Ju 52s: Small, Obscure and Lowly, Part 3|name-list-style=amp}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Chapman|first1=Richard|title=Son épave reposait par 41 m de fond: le Junkers Ju 52 de Théodore le Menteur|journal=Le Fana de l'Aviation |date=January 2004 |issue=410 |pages=74–77 |issn=0757-4169 |language=fr|trans-title=Its Wreck Lay at a Depth of 41 Meters: The Junkers Ju 52 of Théodore le Menteur}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Cicalesi |first1=Juan Carlos |last2=Rivas |first2=Santiago |title=Junkers F13 / W34 / K43 / Ju52 |year=2009 |editor-first=Jorge Felix |editor-last=Núñez Padin |publisher=Fuerzas Aeronavales |series=Serie en Argentina |volume=3 |language=es |isbn=978-987-20557-7-6 |___location=Bahía Blanca, Argentina |url=http://www.fuerzasaeronavales.com/?product=libro-junkers-f13-w34k43-y-ju-52-serie-en-argentina-no3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924015924/http://www.fuerzasaeronavales.com/?product=libro-junkers-f13-w34k43-y-ju-52-serie-en-argentina-no3 |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=24 August 2015}}
* {{cite book |last = Zuerl |first = Walter |title = Deutsche Flugzeug Konstrukteure |___location = München, Germany |publisher = Curt Pechstein Verlag |year = 1941 }}
==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [https://dlbs.de/ Deutsche Lufthansa Berlin Stiftung ]
* [http://luftfartsmuseum.no/fly/junkers-ju-523m-2/ Junkers Ju 52/3m at the Norwegian Aviation Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323031006/http://luftfartsmuseum.no/fly/junkers-ju-523m-2/ |date=23 March 2016 }}
{{Junkers aircraft}}
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|2={{USAF transports}}
|3={{Swedish military aircraft designations}}
|4={{Czech transport aircraft}}
|5={{Spanish transport aircraft}}
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{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Junkers aircraft|Ju 052]]
[[Category:1930s German airliners]]
[[Category:1930s German military transport aircraft]]
[[Category:Trimotors]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1930]]
[[Category:Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear]]
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