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{{About|the Ontario river that flows into Lake St. Clair|the Ontario river which flows into Georgian Bay|Sydenham River (Lake Huron)}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Sydenham River (Lake St. Clair)
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<!---------------------- IMAGE-->
| image = Sydenham River Wallaceburg Ont.jpg
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| image_caption = Sydenham River in Wallaceburg, Ontario
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<!---------------------- MAPS -->
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| pushpin_map = Canada Southern Ontario
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<!---------------------- LOCATION -->
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[Canada]]
| subdivision_type2 = Province
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ontario]]
| subdivision_type3 = Region
| subdivision_name3 = [[Southwestern Ontario]]
| subdivision_type4 = Municipalities
| subdivision_name4 = {{hlist|[[Chatham-Kent]]|[[St. Clair, Ontario|Saint Clair]]}}
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<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
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<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->
| source1 = [[St. Clair River]]
| source1_location = [[St. Clair, Ontario|Saint Clair]]
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| mouth = [[Lake St. Clair]]
| mouth_location = [[Chatham-Kent]]
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| river_system = [[Great Lakes Basin]]
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| tributaries_left = [[Sydenham River (Lake Saint Clair)|Sydenham River]]
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}}
The '''Sydenham River''' is a [[river]] in [[Chatham-Kent]], [[Lambton County, Ontario|Lambton County]] and [[Middlesex County, Ontario|Middlesex County]] in southwestern [[Ontario]], Canada, flowing southwest from its source west of [[London, Ontario|London]], Ontario and emptying into [[Lake Saint Clair (North America)|Lake Saint Clair]].<ref name=sararegistry/> The length of the river is {{convert|165|km|mi}} and it drains a [[Drainage basin|watershed]] of approximately {{convert|2700|km2|mi2}}, making it one of the largest river flowing into the St.Clair on the Canadian side.<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Clair River |url=https://friendsofstclair.ca/our-river/ |website=Friends of the St. Clair River |publisher=Friends of the St. Clair River |access-date=16 March 2025}}</ref> The river flows through the towns of [[Strathroy, Ontario|Strathroy]] and [[Wallaceburg, Ontario|Wallaceburg]]. It was named after [[Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron Sydenham|Lord Sydenham]], governor of Canada from 1839 to 1841.
Unusual [[concretion]]s, composed of [[calcite]], can be found near this river. These are known as "kettles" because they resemble the bottom of a large [[kettle]].
The river has been identified as a key biodiversity area.<ref name=CbcNews2018-05-11/><ref name=sarniathisweek2018-03-13/>
==Fish species==
Because this river flows through a large agricultural area, its waters collect silt and fertilizer runoff. In spite of this, the river provides habitat for 80 fish species and 34 species of freshwater [[mussel]]s; these include:
;Nine mussel species considered as "endangered" nationally
* [[Salamander mussel|Mudpuppy mussel]] (''Simpsonaias ambigua'')
* [[Northern riffleshell]] (''Epioblasma torulosa rangiana'')
* [[Rayed bean]] (''Villosa fabalis'')
* [[Wavy-rayed lampmussel]] (''Lampsilis fasciola'')
* [[Epioblasma triquetra|Snuffbox]] (''Epioblasma triquetra'')
* [[Round pigtoe]] (''Pleurobema sintoxia'')
* [[Ptychobranchus fasciolaris|Kidneyshell]] (''Ptychobranchus fasciolaris'')
* [[Obovaria subrotunda|Round hickorynut]] (''Obovaria subrotunda'')
* [[Rainbow mussel]] (''Villosa iris'')
;Two fish species and one turtle subspecies considered to be "threatened"
* [[Spotted gar]] (''Lepisosteus oculatus'')
* [[Eastern sand darter]] (''Ammocrypta pellucida'')
* [[Spiny softshell turtle|Eastern spiny softshell turtle]] (''Trionyx spiniferus spiniferus'')
The [[Northern madtom]] (''Noturus stigmosus''), once found in the river, is considered to be "likely extirpated".<ref name=sararegistry/>
==See also==
*[[List of Ontario rivers]]
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=CbcNews2018-05-11>
{{cite news
| url = https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/southwestern-ont-home-to-globally-important-freshwater-biodiversity-areas-new-report-1.4659964
| title = Southwestern Ont. home to globally-important freshwater biodiversity areas: new report
| work = [[CBC News]]
| author = Jonathon Pinto
| date = 2018-05-11
| page =
| ___location =
| isbn =
| language =
| trans-title =
| archive-url =
| archive-date =
| access-date = 2018-09-09
| quote = The report by the International Union for Conservation of Nature lists Canada's "freshwater key biodiversity areas" or KBAs. Of the four KBAs in Ontario, three are in the southwestern part of the province: eastern Lake St. Clair, the east Sydenham River, and the Ausable River.
}}
</ref>
<ref name=sarniathisweek2018-03-13>
{{cite news
| url = https://www.sarniathisweek.com/2018/03/13/sydenhams-north-branch-has-remained-largely-unobserved-until-now/wcm/da37cc3f-3d05-49a7-56e6-3876f5665897
| title = Sydenham's north branch has remained largely unobserved until now
| work = [[Sarnia this week]]
| author = Melissa Schilz
| date = 2018-03-13
| page =
| ___location =
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| access-date = 2018-09-09
| quote = The discovery of the new species could mean the existence of other unknown species in that part of the Sydenham, he said. In 2017, researchers identified 20 different species of mussels in the river.
}}
</ref>
<ref name=sararegistry>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=16C0DCC1-1
| title = COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Northern Madtom Noturus stigmosus in Canada – 2012
| work = [[Species at risk public registry]]
| author =
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| access-date = 2018-09-09
| quote = In Canada, the Northern Madtom is known only from the Detroit River, St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, the Thames River and the Sydenham River (Figure 3).
}}
</ref>
}}
==External links==
*[http://www.sydenhamriver.on.ca/ Sydenham River Watershed]
*[http://sydenhamdiscovery.ca/ Sydenham River Recovery Team]
*[http://www.scrca.on.ca/ Saint Clair Conservation Region]
{{coord|42.58683|N|82.22460|W|display=title}}
[[Category:Lake St. Clair]]
[[Category:Rivers of Chatham-Kent]]
[[Category:Rivers of Lambton County]]
[[Category:Rivers of Middlesex County, Ontario]]
[[Category:Tributaries of Lake Erie]]
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