Hydrophylloideae: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Subfamily of plants}}

{{Taxobox_begin | color = lightgreen | name = Hydrophyllaceae}}

{{Automatic taxobox

{{Taxobox_image | image = [[image:BabyBlueEyes.jpg|250px|Baby Blue Eyes]]| caption = Baby Blue Eyes, (''Nemophila menziesii var. atomaria'')}}

|image = Hydrophyllum occidentale.jpg

{{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = lightgreen }}

|image_caption = ''[[Hydrophyllum occidentale]]''

{{Taxobox_regnum_entry | taxon = [[Plant]]ae}}

|taxon = Hydrophylloideae

{{Taxobox_divisio_entry | taxon = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]}}

|authority =<small>[[Gilbert Thomas Burnett|Burnett]]</small>

{{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Magnoliopsida]]}}

|subdivision_ranks = Genera

{{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = [[Solanales]]}}

|subdivision = See text

{{taxobox familia entry| taxon = '''Hydrophyllaceae'''}}

}}

{{Taxobox_end_placement}}

{{Taxobox_section_subdivision | color = lightgreen | plural_taxon = Genera}}

See text

{{Taxobox_end}}

'''Hydrophylloideae''' is a [[subfamily]] of the plant family [[Boraginaceae]]. Its taxonomic position is somewhat uncertain. Traditionally, and under the [[Cronquist system]], the taxon was given family rank under the name '''Hydrophyllaceae''', and treated as part of the order [[Solanales]]. More recent systems have recognised a close relationship to the borage family, Boraginaceae, initially by placing Hydrophyllaceae and Boraginaceae together in an order [[Boraginales]],<ref>e.g. Gottschling, M., Hilger, H.H., Wolf, M. & Diane, N. (2001). Secondary structure of the ITS1 transcript and its application in a reconstruction of the phylogeny of Boraginales. ''Pl. Biol.'' 3: 629–636.</ref> and in the 2016 [[APG IV system]] by including Hydrophyllaceae in Boraginaceae.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2016 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV |journal=[[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society]] |volume=181 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |doi=10.1111/boj.12385 |ref={{harvid|APG IV|2016}} |doi-access=free}}</ref> However, the placement and circumscription of Boraginaceae is still uncertain. Some sources now split off Hydrophyllaceae again (together with Namaceae).<ref name=VasiJeitWeigLueb20>{{Cite journal |last1=Vasile |first1=Maria-Anna |last2=Jeiter |first2=Julius |last3=Weigend |first3=Maximilian |last4=Luebert |first4=Federico |date=2020 |title=Phylogeny and historical biogeography of Hydrophyllaceae and Namaceae, with a special reference to ''Phacelia'' and ''Wigandia'' |journal=Systematics and Biodiversity |volume=18 |issue=8 |pages=757–770 |doi=10.1080/14772000.2020.1771471 |bibcode=2020SyBio..18..757V |name-list-style=amp |hdl=20.500.11811/11843 |url=https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/176470 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/boraginalesweb.htm#Boraginaceae "Boraginaceae"]. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 2024-11-11.</ref>

The '''Hydrophyllaceae''', or '''waterleaf family''', are a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plants]]. Their taxonomic position is somewhat uncertain. Traditionally, and under the [[Cronquist system]], they were treated as part of the [[order (biology)|order]] [[Solanales]], as shown in the table at the right. However, newer systems remove them from that order. They are closely related to the large borage family, [[Boraginaceae]], and have at times been placed in an order [[Boraginales]] with them, but modern sources do not recognise this order. Recent recommendations are to merge this family with the Boraginaceae, but this family currently has no agreed placement at ordinal level.

Plants in this familysubfamily may be annual or perennial herbs or shrubs, with either a prostrate or an erect stem. Most have a taproot. The flowers are bisexual, and normally radial, with 5 petals and 5 stamens. About 20 genera, containing around 300 species, are recognised; many of them are native to the western [[United States]].{{cn|date=January 2023}}

The familysubfamily takes its name from the waterleaf (genus ''[[Hydrophyllum]]'' (waterleaf). Well known members of the familyMembers include the [[whispering bells]] (genus ''[[Emmenanthe]]'' (whispering bells), the baby blue eyes (genus ''[[Nemophila]]''), and(baby theblue [[scorpionweed]]eyes) (genusand ''[[Phacelia]]'' (scorpionweed).<ref name=APweb_Hydrophyllaceae/>

==Genera==

{{As of|2024|November}}, the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Website]] accepted the family Hydrophyllaceae rather than the subfamily Hydrophylloideae, and included 12 genera:<ref name=APweb_Hydrophyllaceae>Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/genera/Hydrophyllaceaegen.html "List of Genera in Hydrophyllaceae"]. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 2024-11-11.</ref>

* ''[[Draperia]]'' <small>Torr. ex A.Gray</small>

* ''[[Ellisia]]''<br <small>L.</small>

* ''[[Emmenanthe]]''<br <small>Benth.</small>

* ''[[Eucrypta]]''<br <small>Nutt.</small>

* ''[[Hesperochiron]]''<br <small>S.Wats.</small>

* ''[[Howellanthus]]'' <small>(Constance) Walden & R.Patt.</small>

* ''[[Hydrophyllum]]''<br <small>L.</small>

* ''[[Nemophila]]''<br <small>Nutt.</small>

* ''[[Phacelia]]'' <small>Juss.</small>

* ''[[Pholistoma]]''<br <small>Lilja</small>

* ''[[Romanzoffia]]''<br <small>Cham.</small>

* ''[[Tricardia]]'' <brsmall>Torr. ex S.Watson</small>

Four further genera were accepted by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, but placed in the family Namaceae:<ref>Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/genera/Namaceaegen.html "List of Genera in Namaceae"]. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 2024-11-11.</ref>

*''[[Eriodictyon]]''<br <small>Benth.</small>

*''[[Nama (plant)|Nama]]''<br <small>L.</small>

*''[[Turricula (plant)|Turricula]]'' <small>J.F.Macbr.</small>

*''[[Wigandia]]'' <small>Kunth</small>

The division into two families rather than one subfamily follows the recommendations of the Boraginales Working Group.<ref name=HilgCole20>{{Cite web |last1=Hilger |first1=H.H. |last2=Cole |first2=T.C.H. |date=2020 |title=Boraginales Phylogeny Poster |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325347374 |access-date=2024-11-12 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>

==References==

*''[[Codon]]''

{{Reflist}}

*''[[Draperia]]''

*''[[Ellisia]]''<br />

*''[[Emmenanthe]]''<br />

*''[[Eriodictyon]]''<br />

*''[[Eucrypta]]''<br />

*''[[Hesperochiron]]''<br />

*''[[Hydrolea]]''<br />

*''[[Hydrophyllum]]''<br />

*''[[Lemmonia]]''<br />

*''[[Miltitzia]]''

*''[[Nama (plant)|Nama]]''<br />

*''[[Nemophila]]''<br />

*''[[Phacelia]]'' (sometimes classified in the family [[Boraginaceae]])<br />

*''[[Pholistoma]]''<br />

*''[[Romanzoffia]]''<br />

*''[[Tricardia]]''<br />

*''[[Turricula]]''<br />

*''[[Wigandia]]''

==External links==

{{Commons category|Hydrophylloideae}}

{{commonscat|Hydrophyllaceae}}

* [http://www.gbif.net/species/browse/taxon/13146288 Global Biodiversity Information Facility: Hydrophyllaceae]{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

*[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Nemophila+menziesii Jepson Manual treatment of the family]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5905613}}

[[Category:Plant families]]

[[Category:Solanales]]

[[Category:SolanalesHydrophylloideae| ]]

[[da:Honningurt-familien (Hydrophyllaceae)]]

[[Category:PlantAsterid familiessubfamilies]]

[[de:Wasserblattgewächse]]

[[fr:Hydrophyllaceae]]

[[lt:Hidrofiliniai augalai]]

[[no:Honningurtfamilien]]