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Line 1: {{Short description\|Prime Minister of Poland (1915–2005)}} '''Edward Franciszek Szczepanik''', ([[August 22]] [[1915]] – [[11 October]] [[2005]], in [[Worcestershire]]) was a [[Poles\|Polish]] economist and the last [[Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland\|Prime Minister]] of the [[Polish government in exile]]. {{EngvarB\|date=November 2017}} {{Use dmy dates\|date=November 2017}} {{Infobox officeholder \| image = 1986 Szczepanik EF 3 old.jpg \| caption = Szczepanik in 1986. \| office = [[Prime Minister of Poland]] \| termlabel = [[Polish government-in-exile\|In exile]] \| term_start = 8 April 1986 \| term_end = 22 December 1990 \| president = [[Kazimierz Sabbat]]<br />[[Ryszard Kaczorowski]] \| predecessor = [[Kazimierz Sabbat]] \| successor = [[Tadeusz Mazowiecki]]{{-}}([[Third Polish Republic]]) \| birth_name = Edward Franciszek Szczepanik \| birth_date = 22 August 1915 \| birth_place = [[Suwałki]], [[Russian Empire]]<br />(now [[Poland]]) \| death_date = {{death date and age\|df=yes\|2005\|10\|11\|1915\|08\|22}} \| death_place = [[Worcestershire]], England \| alma_mater = [[SGH Warsaw School of Economics\|Warsaw School of Economics]] }} '''Edward Franciszek Szczepanik''' ({{IPA\|pl\|ʂt͡ʂɛˈpaɲik\|lang}}; 22 August 1915 – 11 October 2005) was a [[Polish people\|Polish]] economist and the last [[Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland\|Prime Minister]] of the [[Polish Government in Exile]].<ref>[http://www.kprm.gov.pl/archiwum/797.htm Website of the Polish Prime Minister shows Edward Szczepanik (1986–1990) as the last Polish Prime Minister of the '''II Republic in exile''' (Polish ''Premierzy II Rzeczypospolitej na wychodźstwie'') followed by the Prime Minister of the '''III Republic''' (Polish ''Premierzy III Rzeczypospolitej'')] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509180650/http://www.kprm.gov.pl/archiwum/797.htm \|date=9 May 2008 }}</ref> ~~==Biography==~~ ~~Edward Franciszek Szczepanik was born [[August 22]], [[1915]] in [[Suwałki]], a small town in northern [[Poland]], then part of [[Imperial Russia]] under [[Imperial Germany\|German]] occupation.~~ == Biography == Szczepanik was born on 21 August 1915 (his birth was registered with the birth date of 22 August 1915) in [[Suwałki]], a small town in northern Poland, while the country was part of the [[Russian Empire]] under [[Imperial Germany\|German]] occupation. ===Early life=== [[File:Suwalki Kosciuszki.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Kościuszko street, Suwałki.]] He went to the local grammar school and studied at the [[Warsaw School of Economics]] (SGH). He studied for his M.Sc. in political economy under Professor [[Edward Lipiński]] in 1936. During his compulsory military service he was stationed at the Artillery Officers' School and was stationed with the 29th Light Artillery Regiment. He won a scholarship to study at the [[London School of Economics]], studying under Professors [[Lionel Robbins]], [[Friedrich Hayek]] and [[Paul Narcyz Rosenstein-Rodan]]. On his return he became an assistant in Lipiński's department in SGH. After the interruption of the War, he completed his education with an M.Sc. in Economics from the [[London School of Economics\|LSE]], [[1953]] and a PhD in Economics from the [[University of London]], [[1956]]. Szczepanik lived in Kościuszko street, he went to the local grammar school and then studied at the [[Warsaw School of Economics]] (SGH). He studied for his MSc in political economy under Professor [[Edward Lipiński (economist)\|Edward Lipiński]] in 1936. During his compulsory military service he was stationed at the Artillery Officers' School with the 29th Light Artillery Regiment. He won a scholarship to study at the [[London School of Economics]], studying under Professors [[Lionel Robbins]], [[Friedrich Hayek]] and [[Paul Narcyz Rosenstein-Rodan]]. On his return he became an assistant in Lipiński's department in SGH. After the interruption of the war, he completed his education with an MSc in economics from the [[London School of Economics\|LSE]] in 1953 and also a PhD in economics in 1956. ===World War II=== During the [[September campaign]] Szczepanik was interned in [[Lithuania]] and later captured by the Soviet forces. In [[1940]] - [[1942]] he was a prisoner of the Soviet [[Gulag]] camps, among them in [[Kozielsk]] and [[Kola Peninsula]]. Following the outbreak of the [[Operation Barbarossa\|Russo-German War]] and signing of the [[Sikorski-Mayski Agreement]] he was released and joined the [[Polish II Corps]] under general [[Władysław Anders]]. As an Officer (eventually Major) in the Polish Army he served with distinction in the Fifth Polish Artillery Regiment notably in the battles of [[Battle of Monte Cassino\|Monte Cassino]], [[Battle of Ancona\|Ancona]] and [[Battle of Bologna\|Bologna]]. He was one of the first Allied troops to enter [[Bologna]]. In 1945 he received the [[Krzyż Walecznych\|Cross of the Valorous]]. In 1946 he was also awarded the Silver [[Krzyż Zasługi\|Cross of Merit]] with Swords and, by the [[King of Italy]], the Italian [[Croce al Merito di Guerra\|Cross of Military Merit]] and several other Polish and British campaign medals. He was also a liaison officer with the Royal Artillery Training Team, commanded by Colonel R.R. Hoare. [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-2005-0004, Italien, Monte Cassino.jpg\|thumb\|right\|[[Battle of Monte Cassino\|Monte Cassino]].]] During the [[Invasion of Poland (1939)\|Invasion of Poland]], Szczepanik was interned in [[Lithuania]] and later captured by the Soviet forces. From 1940 until 1942, he was held prisoner in the Soviet [[Gulag]] camps in [[Kozielsk]] and [[Kola Peninsula]]. Following the outbreak of the [[Operation Barbarossa\|Russo-German War]] and the signing of the [[Sikorski-Mayski Agreement]], he was released and joined the [[Polish II Corps]] under general [[Władysław Anders]]. As an Officer (and eventually Major) in the Polish Army, he served with distinction in the Fifth Polish Artillery Regiment – notably in the battles of [[Battle of Monte Cassino\|Monte Cassino]], [[Battle of Ancona\|Ancona]], and [[Battle of Bologna\|Bologna]]. He was one of the first Allied troops to enter [[Bologna]]. In 1945 he received the [[Krzyż Walecznych\|Cross of the Valorous]], and the following year was awarded the Silver [[Cross of Merit with Swords]]. In addition, Szczepanik was awarded the Italian [[Croce al Merito di Guerra\|Cross of Military Merit]] by the [[King of Italy]] and several other Polish and British campaign medals. He also served as a liaison officer with the [[Royal School of Artillery\|Royal Artillery Training Team]], commanded by Colonel [[R.R. Hoare]]. ===Marriage and children=== ~~Edward Szczepanik married Hanna Maria Janikowska on [[June 29]], [[1946]] in [[Rome]]. They had four children called Barbara, Tadeusz, Zofia and Tomasz who were born in [[London]].~~ Edward Szczepanik married [[Hanna Maria Janikowska]] on 29 June 1946 in Rome. They had four children, Barbara, Tadeusz, Zofia and Tomasz, all of whom were born in London. ~~===Economist Career===~~ Szczepanik’s career as an Economist includes being Assistant Lecturer at the [[Warsaw School of Economics]], [[Poland]] in [[1938]] to [[1939]]; Assistant Professor at the [[Polish University College London]] in [[1947]] to [[1953]]; Senior Lecturer at the [[University of Hong Kong]] in [[1953]] to [[1961]]; Advisor with the [[Harvard University]] Advisory Team in [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]] in [[1961]] to [[1963]]; Senior Economist with the [[FAO\|Food and Agricultural Organisation]] ([[FAO]]) of the [[United Nations\|UN]] in [[Rome]], [[Italy]] from [[1963]] to [[1977]]; Senior Research Fellow at the [[University of Sussex]] in England in [[1978]] to [[1981]], and he was Professor of Economics at the [[Polish University Abroad]] (Polski Uniwersytet na Obczyznie - PUNO) in London from [[1981]]. ===Economics career=== He was a consultant for the [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] (UNHCR) in [[Hong Kong]] during [[1954]], for the [[FAO\|Food and Agricultural Organisation]] ([[FAO]]) of the [[United Nations\|UN]] in [[Hong Kong]] during [[1954]] to [[1955]]; for the [[United Nations\|UN]] [[United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Commission_for_Asia_and_the_Pacific\|Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East]] (ECAFE) in [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]] during [[1956]]; and for the [[International Coffee Organisation]] ([[ICO]]) in [[London]] during [[1975]]. [[File:SzkolaGlownaHandlowa front vertical.jpg\|thumb\|[[Warsaw School of Economics]].]] ~~===Polish Politics===~~ [[File:Dept of Economics HKU 1960. E.Szczepanik middle row 4th from left.jpg\|thumb\|Group photo HKU Dept Economics 1960]] Szczepanik was founder and Chairman of the Polish ''Institute for Research into National Affairs'' (Instytut Badań Zagadnień Krajowych) in London during [[1951]] to [[1953]] and [[1983]] to [[1986]]. While in [[Rome]], [[Italy]] from [[1963]] to [[1977]] he was also the Polish representative to the [[Vatican]], one of only two states that still continued its relations with the [[Polish government in exile]]. He was director of the Council for Understanding Research on Poles Living Abroad (Rada Porozumiewawcza Badań nad Polonia). He was President of the [[Polish Society of Arts and Sciences Abroad]] (Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe na Obczyźnie - PTNO) in London from [[1981]]. In [[1981]] he became the ''Minister of Home Affairs'' of the [[Polish government in exile]]. On [[April 7]], [[1986]] he was chosen as a successor of [[Kazimierz Sabbat]] as the [[Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland\|Prime Minister]] of that government. After Sabbat's death, his successor as the president of Poland in exile [[Ryszard Kaczorowski]] asked him to continue his mission. It ended in [[1990]] when Szczepanik’s cabinet advised the last President in Exile to accept the invitation of the Speaker of the Senate in [[Poland]] to go to [[Warsaw]] and transfer the Flag and other pre-war insignia of office to [[Lech Wałęsa]] as the “President of the Republic elected by Polish people in free general elections”. Szczepanik's career as an economist encompassed many educational institutions, including: assistant lecturer – [[Warsaw School of Economics]], Poland (1938–1939 SGH) assistant professor – Polish University College, London (1947–1953) senior lecturer – [[University of Hong Kong]] (1953–1961) advisor – [[Harvard University]] Advisory Team, [[Karachi]], Pakistan (1961–1963) senior research fellow – [[University of Sussex]], England (1978–1981) professor of economics – [[Polish University Abroad]], London (Polski Uniwersytet na Obczyznie – PUNO) 1981. In addition, Szczepanik also performed consulting for the following: [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] (UNHCR), Hong Kong (1954) [[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific\|United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East]] (UN-ECAFE), [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]] (1956) [[International Coffee Organization]] (ICO), London (1975) Szczepanik also worked with the [[FAO\|Food and Agricultural Organisation]] ([[FAO]]) of the UN – first as a consultant in Hong Kong from 1954 to 1955; and later as Senior Economist in Rome, Italy from 1963 until 1977. ===Polish politics=== [[File:KrzyzKomandOrderuOdrPolski1918.jpg\|thumb\|Commander's Cross of the [[Order of Polonia Restituta]] ("Poland Restored").]] Szczepanik was the founder and chairman of the ''Polish Institute for Research into National Affairs'' (Instytut Badań Zagadnień Krajowych) in London during 1951 to 1953 and 1983 to 1986. While in Rome, Italy from 1963 to 1977, he was also the Polish representative to the [[Holy See]] – one of only three states that still continued its relations with the [[Polish Government in Exile]]. He was a director of the ''Council for Understanding Research on Poles Living Abroad'' (Rada Porozumiewawcza Badań nad Polonią), and was President of the ''Polish Society of Arts and Sciences Abroad'' (Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe na Obczyźnie – PTNO) in London. In 1981, he also became the Minister of Home Affairs of the Polish Government in Exile. On 7 April 1986 he was chosen the successor of [[Kazimierz Sabbat]] to be the next [[Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland\|Prime Minister]] of that government. After Sabbat's death, his successor as the president of Poland in exile, [[Ryszard Kaczorowski]], asked him to continue with his mission, which ended in 1990. This is when Szczepanik's cabinet advised their last President in Exile to accept the invitation of Poland's Speaker of the Senate to transfer the Flag and other Office pre-war Insignia to [[Lech Wałęsa]] in [[Warsaw]], as the "President of the Republic elected by Polish people in free general elections". ===Polish honours=== Szczepanik was honoured to be named a Knight of the Order of [[Polonia_Restituta\|Polonia Restituta]] by the Polish Government in Exile in [[1981]]. In [[1985]] the President of the Republic of Poland in London awarded him with a Commander's Star of that order, to which a Grand Sash was added in [[1989]]. In [[1982]] he obtained the freedom of his native town [[Suwałki]] as its honorary citizen. In [[1995]] he was awarded by the [[Warsaw School of Economics]] the title of “Doctor of Economic Science – [[Honoris Causa]]”. In [[1996]] he received from the starost (mayor) of [[powiat of Suwałki]] the “Medal for Merits to the Powiat of Suwałki” and from Poland's Minister of Culture the “Medal for Merits to Polish Culture”. [[File:Konkatedra św. Aleksandra w Suwałkach.jpg\|thumb\|right\|St. Alexander's Church, Suwałki.]] ~~He died [[11 October]], [[2005]] in [[Worcestershire]] and his ashes were buried with military honours in his home town of Suwałki.~~ Szczepanik was honoured to be named a Knight of the Order of [[Polonia Restituta]] by the [[Polish Government in Exile]] in 1981. In 1982 he obtained the freedom of his native town [[Suwałki]] as its honorary citizen. The President of the Republic of Poland in London awarded him with a Commander's Star in 1985, to which a Grand Sash was added in 1989. He was awarded the title of Doctor of Economic Science – [[Honoris Causa]] in 1995 by the [[Warsaw School of Economics]]. In 1996, Szczepanik received from the starost (mayor) of [[Powiat of Suwałki]] the Medal for Merits to the Powiat of Suwałki; and from Poland's Minister of Culture, the Medal for Merits to Polish Culture. Szczepanik died on 11 October 2005 in Worcestershire. His ashes were buried with military honours in his home town of Suwałki following a [[Requiem\|requiem mass]] at St Alexander's Church.<ref>[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=pl&u=http://www.bialystok.uw.gov.pl/PUWMCMS/Aktualnosci/Kalendarz+wydarzen/Relacje/Archiwum/Profesor+Edward+Szczepanik+ostatni+Premier+Rzadu+RP+na+uchodzstwie+spoczal+w+rodzinnych+Suwalkach.htm Polish Białystok Regional government report on funeral (automatic translation)]</ref> == Szczepanik cabinets == {{main\|First Cabinet of Edward Szczepanik}} == Works == ''Zagadnienia neutralnego pieniądza''. (Warsaw, 1938) [https://web.archive.org/web/20051105060951/http://www.sgh.waw.pl/uczelnia/ogolne/doktoraty/Szczepanik_01/ SGH] * ''Factors determining the mark of interest''. (MSc (Econ.) (London) thesis LSE, 1953) * ''Zarys polityki dobrobytu gospodarczego''. (London, 1953) * ''A study in the economic problems of central & eastern Europe''. Lectures. (London, 1954) * co-author MA, Ronald A., ''The National Income of Hong Kong, 1947–1950''. (Hong Kong University Press: Hong Kong, 1955) * ''The Cost of Living in Hong Kong''. (Hong Kong University Press: Hong Kong, 1956) * ''The Economic Growth of Hong Kong'' (with special reference to the post-war industrialisation). (University of London / Oxford University Press: London, 1958) cf. /[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-11644 Britannica] * Editor, ''The Economic Role of Middlemen and Co-operatives in Indo-Pacific Fisheries''. (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 1960) * Editor, ''Economic and social problems of the Far East : Symposium : Golden jubilee congress : Papers and discussions''. (Hong Kong University Press, 1962) * ''National accounting as a tool of economic planning''. (Lectures). (Mouton & Co.: The Hague, 1965) * ''Agricultural policies at different levels of development''. (Rome, 1976) * ''Kształtowanie się poglądów polskiego ruchu oporu na politykę gospodarczą''. (London, 1979) [https://web.archive.org/web/20051105060951/http://www.sgh.waw.pl/uczelnia/ogolne/doktoraty/Szczepanik_01/ SGH] * co-author Duchêne, François, ''New limits on European agriculture : politics and the Common Agricultural Policy''. (Totowa: Rowman & Allanheld / Croom Helm, London, 1985.) {{ISBN\|0-8476-7375-8}} (US) / {{ISBN\|0-7099-0858-X}} (UK) cf. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070621140038/http://www.sussex.ac.uk/sei/documents/independent_obituary_-_duchene.pdf Duchêne] * Editor, ''Napaść sowiecka i okupacja polskich ziem wschodnich, wrzesień 1939''. (Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe na Obczyźnie, Polska Fundacja Kulturalna, London, 1985) {{ISBN\|0-85065-165-4}} / (Warsaw : Międzyzakładowa Struktura "Solidarności" V, 1985) * Editor, ''Kongres Kultury Polskiej Ojczyzna w sercach : pokłosie kongresowe : prace Kongresu Kultury Polskiej : tom 1'' (Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe na Obczyżnie, London, 1986) {{ISBN\|1-870027-06-X}} * Editor, ''The Polish Cultural And Scientific Heritage at the Dawn of the Third Millennium'' (Polish Society of Arts and Sciences Abroad, 240 King Street, London, W6 ORF, 2003) {{ISBN\|1-870027-02-7}} == Notes == {{reflist}} == External links == {{Commons category\|Edward Szczepanik}} * [https://www.theguardian.com/print/0,3858,5358877-103684,00.html The Guardian Obituary, 19 December 2005] by [[Leszek Balcerowicz]]. * [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1500777/Edward-Szczepanik.html Daily Telegraph Obituary, 17/10/2005] * [https://archive.today/20110604015007/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,60-1831849,00.html The Times Obituary, 19 October 2005] * {{in lang\|pl}} [https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=pl&u=http://www.kprm.gov.pl/archiwum/805_804.htm Szczepanik's bio in the website of Prime Minister of Poland (automatic translation)] * {{in lang\|pl}} [https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=pl&u=http://www.1lo.suwalki.pl/szczep.php Biography on Polish website of Suwałki grammar school (automatic translation)] * {{in lang\|pl}} [https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=pl&u=http://www.um.suwalki.pl/page.php%3Fcat%3Dok%26id%3D485 Biography on Polish website of Suwałki City Hall (automatic translation)] * {{in lang\|pl}} [https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=pl&u=http://www.wrotapodlasia.pl/pl/archiwum/rok_2006/III_kwartal/Rondo%2BProfesora%2BEdwarda%2BSzczepanika.htm Biography on Polish website of Podlaskie Voivodeship (automatic translation)] * {{in lang\|pl}} [https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=pl&u=http://www.sgh.waw.pl/ogolnouczelniane/100lat/Sylwetki/lipinski/view?searchterm=szczepanik Lipiński's department in SGH (automatic translation)] * {{in lang\|pl}} [https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=pl&u=http://www.sgh.waw.pl/uczelnia/ogolne/doktoraty/Szczepanik_01 Note on Szczepanik's doctorate honoris causa in his Alma Mater's website (automatic translation)] == Further reading == * {{cite book \|last=Sudoł \|first=Adam \|year=2009 \|title=Edward Franciszek Szczepanik Ostatni premier rządu RP na uchodżstwie \|publisher=Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kazimierza Wielkiego \|___location=Bydgoszcz \|isbn=978-83-7096-701-7 \|language=pl}} '''Multimedia''' ''[http://www.londyn.msz.gov.pl/en/news/multimedia_project__republic_in_exile_ Republic in Exile]'' tells the story of the Polish Government-in-Exile in the form of five short episodes available on the YouTube channel: [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCn-koi2bsGvnFBXbDcbcEXQ Polish Embassy UK] ~~==Works==~~ '''1938''' ''Zagadnienia neutralnego pieniądza''. (Warsaw, 1938) [http://www.sgh.waw.pl/uczelnia/ogolne/doktoraty/Szczepanik_01/ SGH] * '''1953''' ''Zarys polityki dobrobytu gospodarczego''. (London, 1953) * '''1954''' ''A study in the economic problems of central & eastern Europe''. Lectures. (London, 1954) * '''1955''' co-author MA, Ronald A., ''The National Income of Hong Kong, 1947-1950''. (Hong Kong University Press: Hong Kong, 1955) * '''1956''' ''The Cost of Living in Hong Kong''. (Hong Kong University Press: Hong Kong, 1956) * '''1958''' ''The Economic Growth of Hong Kong'' (with special reference to the post-war industrialisation). (University of London / Oxford University Press: London, 1958) c.f. /[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-11644 Britannica] * '''1960''' Editor, ''The Economic Role of Middlemen and Co-operatives in Indo-Pacific Fisheries''. (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 1960) * '''1962''' Editor, ''Economic and social problems of the Far East : Symposium : Golden jubilee congress : Papers and discussions''. (Hong Kong University Press, 1962) * '''1965''' ''National accounting as a tool of economic planning''. (Lectures). (Mouton & Co.: The Hague, 1965) * '''1976''' ''Agricultural policies at different levels of development''. (Rome, 1976) * '''1979''' ''Kształtowanie się poglądów polskiego ruchu oporu na politykę gospodarczą''. (London, 1979) [http://www.sgh.waw.pl/uczelnia/ogolne/doktoraty/Szczepanik_01/ SGH] * '''1985''' co-author Duchêne, François, ''New limits on European agriculture : politics and the Common Agricultural Policy''. (Totowa: Rowman & Allanheld / Croom Helm, London, 1985.) ISBN 0847673758 (U.S.) / ISBN 070990858X (U.K.) c.f. [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/sei/documents/independent_obituary_-_duchene.pdf Duchêne] * '''1985''' Editor, ''Napaść sowiecka i okupacja polskich ziem wschodnich, wrzesień 1939 : praca zbiorowa pod auspicjami''. (Polskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego na Obczyźnie, Polska Fundacja Kulturalna, London, 1985) ISBN 0850651654 / (Warsaw : Mie̢dzyzakładowa Struktura "Solidarności" V, 1985) * '''1986''' Editor, ''Kongres Kultury Polskiej Ojczyzna w sercach : pokłosie kongresowe : prace Kongresu Kultury Polskiej : tom 1'' (Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe na Obczyżnie, London, 1986) ISBN 187002706X * '''2003''' Editor, ''The Polish Cultural And Scientific Heritage at the Dawn of the Third Millennium'' (Polish Society of Arts and Sciences Abroad, 240 King Street, London, W6 ORF, 2003) Excerpts of Prime Minister Edward Szczepanik speaking (at the time shown) and photographs appear in episodes 4 & 5: ~~==References==~~ * {{YouTube \| id= UE6KGBcPKrI\| title= "Republic in Exile, Episode 4: Solidarity}} (at 5:30 minutes) [http://www.london.mfa.gov.pl/en/news/republic_in_exile__episode_4__solidarity Polish Embassy UK] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630013628/http://www.london.mfa.gov.pl/en/news/republic_in_exile__episode_4__solidarity \|date=30 June 2017 }} 9 January 2015, ~~===External links===~~ * {{YouTube \| id= mAcNj5fSMVM\| title= "Republic in Exile, Episode 5: Free Poland}} (at 1:15 minutes), [https://www.facebook.com/PolishEmbassyUK/posts/1035574506459172 Polish Embassy UK] 16 January 2015 * {{en icon}} [http://www.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,5358877-103684,00.html The Guardian Obituary, December 19, 2005] [[Leszek Balcerowicz]] * {{en icon}} [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/10/17/db1701.xml Daily Telegraph Obituary, 17/10/2005] * {{en icon}} [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,60-1831849,00.html The Times Obituary, October 19, 2005] * {{pl icon}} [http://www.kprm.gov.pl/english/805_804.htm Szczepanik's bio in the website of Prime Minister of Poland] * {{pl icon}} [http://www.1lo.suwalki.pl/szczep.php Polish website of Suwałki grammar school ] * {{pl icon}} [http://www.sgh.waw.pl/uczelnia/ogolne/doktoraty/Szczepanik_01 Note on Szczepanik in his Alma Mater's website] * {{pl icon}} [http://www.sgh.waw.pl/ogolnouczelniane/100lat/Sylwetki/lipinski/view?searchterm=szczepanik Lipiński's department in SGH] * {{pl icon}} [http://www.sgh.waw.pl/uczelnia/ogolne/doktoraty/Szczepanik_01/ Info on Szczepanik's doctorate honoris causa] {{Prime Ministers of Poland}} {{Authority control}} ~~[[pl:Edward Szczepanik]]~~ ~~[[Category~~{{DEFAULTSORT:~~1915 births\|~~Szczepanik, Edward]]}} [[Category:~~2005~~1915 ~~deaths\|Szczepanik, Edward~~births]] [[Category:~~Polish~~2005 ~~politicians\|Szczepanik, Edward~~deaths]] [[Category:~~Polish~~People ~~economists\|Szczepanik,~~from ~~Edward~~Suwałki]] [[Category:Polish politicians]] ~~[[Category:Alumni of the London School of Economics\|Szczepanik, Edward]]~~ [[Category:~~List~~Polish ~~of people by name: Sz\|Szczepanik, Edward~~economists]] [[Category:Harvard University staff]] [[Category:Alumni of the London School of Economics]] [[Category:Food and Agriculture Organization officials]] [[Category:Academics of the University of Sussex]] [[Category:Academics of University College London]] [[Category:Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta]] [[Category:Polish emigrants to the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Recipients of the War Merit Cross (Italy)]] [[Category:Polish officials of the United Nations]] [[Category:Prime ministers of Poland]]