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{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1188}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2018}}
{{Year nav|1188}}
{{C12 year in topic}}
[[File:Crac des chevaliers syria.jpeg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Krak des Chevaliers]] by [[Al-Husn, Syria|Al-Husn]] ([[Syria]])]]
Year '''1188''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLXXXVIII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].
<onlyinclude>
=== By place ===
▲'''Events'''
==== Europe ====
'''Births'''▼
* [[January 22]] – King [[Ferdinand II of León|Ferdinand II]] dies after returning from a [[pilgrimage]] to [[Santiago de Compostela]]. He is succeeded by his 16-year-old son [[Alfonso IX of León|Alfonso IX]], who becomes ruler of [[Kingdom of León|León]] and [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]]. He convenes representatives of the nobility, clergy and towns at the [[Basilica of San Isidoro]] the Cortes of León. These Corteses are considered to be the first parliament in [[Europe]].
* Spring – King [[Henry II of England|Henry II]] and [[Philip II of France|Philip II]] ('''Augustus''') meet at [[Le Mans]], with Archbishop [[Joscius, Archbishop of Tyre|Josias]] (or '''Joscius''') in attendance. Both kings agree to peace terms, and to contribute to a joint Crusade. It is decided to raise a new tax to pay for the expedition. This tax, known as the [[Saladin tithe|Saladin Tithe]], is imposed on the people of [[Kingdom of England|England]] and [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] to raise funds for the [[Third Crusade]].
* [[March 27]] – Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] ('''Barbarossa''') holds a [[Curia Christi|Diet at Mainz]] and takes the Cross, followed by his 21-year-old son, [[Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia|Frederick IV]], and other German nobles. He sends a delegation to present an ultimatum to [[Saladin]] in [[Syria]] on [[May 26]]. With demands to withdraw his Muslim forces from [[Palestina (region)|Palestina]] and to return the [[True Cross]] to the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]].
* [[November]] – [[Richard I of England|Richard of Poitou]], son of Henry II, allies himself with Philip II and pays him homage. He promises to concede his rights to both [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]] and [[County of Anjou|Anjou]]. Henry is overpowered by Richard's supporters, who chase him from Le Mans to [[Angers]]. They force him to accept peace by conceding to all demands, including the recognition of Richard as his successor.<ref>Warren, W. L. (2000). ''Henry II'' (Yale ed.), pp. 621–622. New Haven, U.S.: Yale University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-300-08474-0}}.</ref>
* The [[Cutting of the elm|Cutting of the Elm]]: A meeting of Henry II and Philip II in the field at [[Gisors]], in Normandy. It marks the Franco-Norman peace negotiations, following the [[Siege of Jerusalem (1187)|Fall of Jerusalem]] (see [[1187]]).
==== Levant ====
'''Deaths'''▼
* Spring – [[Siege of Tyre (1187)|Siege of Tyre]]: Muslim forces under Saladin withdraw from [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]] after a 1½-month siege. For the Crusaders, the city-port becomes a strategic rallying point for the Christian revival during the Third Crusade.
* [[May 14]] – Saladin begins a campaign and marches north but finds [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]] too strong to be besieged. He decides to take other Crusader fortifications and signs an 8-month truce with Prince [[Bohemond III of Antioch]].
* [[May]] – Saladin besieges the [[Knights Hospitaller|Hospitaller]] fortress of [[Krak des Chevaliers]], in Syria. Seeing that the castle is too well defended, instead he decides to march on the Castle of [[Margat]], which he also fails to capture.<ref>Kennedy, Hugh (1994). ''Crusader Castles'', p. 147. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-42068-7}}.</ref>
* [[July]] – Saladin marches through the [[Beqaa Valley|Buqaia]], and occupies [[Jableh|Jabala]] and [[Latakia|Lattakieh]]. From Lattakieh he turns inland and, after a few days of fierce fighting, takes [[Sahyun Castle]] (called '''Castle of Saladin''') on [[July 29]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 383. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[September 4]] – King [[Guy of Lusignan]] is released by Saladin after [[Ascalon]] is forced to surrender. Guy and his wife, Queen [[Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem|Sibylla of Jerusalem]], seek refuge in Tyre, which is defended by [[Conrad of Montferrat]].
==== England ====
* Spring – Henry II institutes legal reforms that give the [[The Crown|Crown]] more control over the administration of justice. He orders [[Newgate Prison]] be built in [[London]].<ref>Halliday, Stephen (2007). ''Newgate: London's Prototype of Hell''. The History Press. {{ISBN|978-0-7509-3896-9}}.</ref>
* Archdeacon [[Giraldus Cambrensis]] and Archbishop [[Baldwin of Forde]] travel through [[Wales]], attempting to recruit men for the Third Crusade.
</onlyinclude>
* [[March 4]] – [[Blanche of Castile]], queen and [[regent]] of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] (d. [[1252]])
* [[March 24]] – [[Ferdinand, Count of Flanders|Ferdinand]] (or '''Ferrand'''), count of [[County of Flanders|Flanders]] (d. [[1233]])
* [[November 26]] – [[Yuri II of Vladimir]], Kievan Grand Prince (d. [[1238]])
* [[Albert IV, Count of Habsburg|Albert IV]] ('''the Wise'''), German [[Nobility|nobleman]] and knight (d. [[1239]])
* [[Matilda I, Countess of Nevers|Matilda I]], countess of [[County and Duchy of Nevers|Nevers]], [[County of Auxerre|Auxerre]] and [[County of Tonnerre|Tonnerre]] (d. [[1257]])
* [[Si Inthrathit]], Thai founder of the [[Sukhothai Kingdom]] (d. [[1270]])
* [[January 22]] – [[Ferdinand II of León|Ferdinand II]], king of [[Kingdom of León|León]] and [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]] (b. [[1137]])
* [[January 26]] – [[Eysteinn Erlendsson]], Norwegian archbishop<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Øystein Erlendsson |encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]]|first=Audun |last=Dybdahl |authorlink= |editor=[[Knut Helle|Helle, Knut]]|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |___location=Oslo |url=https://nbl.snl.no/%C3%98ystein_Erlendsson |language=Norwegian |accessdate=22 July 2015 }}</ref>
* 1188 – Death of [[Seljuki Khatun]]
* [[October 11]] – [[Robert I, Count of Dreux|Robert I]] ('''the Great'''), count of [[Dreux]] (b. [[1123]])
* [[November 4]] – [[Theobald of Ostia]], French [[abbot]] and bishop
* [[November 17]] – [[Usama ibn Munqidh]], Arabian poet and [[Furusiyya|knight]] (b. [[1095]])
* [[December 14]] – [[Berthold I of Istria|Berthold I]], margrave of [[March of Istria|Istria]] and [[Carniola]]
* [[December 22]] – [[Richard of Ilchester]], bishop of [[Diocese of Winchester|Winchester]]
* [[Aoife MacMurrough]] (or '''Eva'''), princess of [[Leinster]] (b. [[1145]])
* [[Guigo II]], prior of the [[Grande Chartreuse|Grande Chatreuse]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Colledge, O.S.A. |first1=Edmund |last2=Walsh, S.J. |first2=James |title=The ladder of monks: A letter on the contemplative life and Twelve Meditations |date=1981 |publisher=Kalamazoo, Mich. : Cistercian Publications |isbn=978-0-87907-848-5|page=3 |url=https://archive.org/details/ladderofmonkslet0000guig/mode/2up?view=theater |access-date=8 March 2024}}</ref>
* [[Hugh the Chaplain]], bishop of [[Archdiocese of St Andrews|Cell Rigmonaid (St. Andrews)]]
* [[Roger de Mowbray (died 1188)|Roger de Mowbray]], English nobleman and knight (b. [[1120]])
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1188}}
[[Category:1188| ]]
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