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{{short description|German Nobel laureate}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{expand German|topic=bio|date=June 2022|Bert Sakmann}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Bert Sakmann
| image = Sakmann.jpg
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| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1942|06|12}}
| birth_place = [[Stuttgart]], [[Nazi Germany|German Reich]]
| death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) -->
| death_place =
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| fields =
| workplaces = {{Plainlist|
* [[Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology]]
* [[University College London]]}}
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| awards = {{Plainlist|class=nowrap|
* [[W. Alden Spencer Award]] (1983)
* [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] (1986)
* [[Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine]] (1988)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jeantet.ch/en/prix-louis-jeantet/laureats/1988-en/professeur-bert-sakmann/|title=Professor Bert SAKMANN|publisher=Jeantet|date=1 October 2017}}</ref>
* [[Harvey Prize]] (1991)
* [[Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine]] (1991)
* [[Fellow of the Royal Society|ForMemRS]] (1994)<ref name=formemrs>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010215439/https://royalsociety.org/people/bert-sakmann-12221/|archive-date=2015-10-10|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/bert-sakmann-12221/|title=Professor Bert Sakmann ForMemRS|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|___location=London}}</ref>}}
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| website = {{URL|http://www.neuro.mpg.de/sakmann}}
}}
'''Bert Sakmann''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɛʁt ˈzakˌman|-|De-Bert Sakmann.ogg}}; born 12 June 1942) is a German cell [[physiologist]]. He shared the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] with [[Erwin Neher]] in 1991 for their work on "the function of single ion channels in cells," and the invention of the [[patch clamp]].<ref name="nobio"/><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hamill | first1 = O. P. | last2 = Marty | first2 = A. | last3 = Neher | first3 = E. | last4 = Sakmann | first4 = B. | last5 = Sigworth | first5 = F. J. | title = Improved patch-clamp techniques for high-resolution current recording from cells and cell-free membrane patches | doi = 10.1007/BF00656997 | journal = Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology | volume = 391 | issue = 2 | pages = 85–100 | year = 1981 | pmid = 6270629| citeseerx = 10.1.1.456.107 | s2cid = 12014433 }}</ref> Bert Sakmann was Professor at [[Heidelberg University]] and is an Emeritus Scientific Member of the [[Max Planck Institute for Medical Research]] in [[Heidelberg]], [[Germany]]. Since 2008 he leads an emeritus research group at the [[Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology]].<ref name="nobio">{{Cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1991/sakmann-autobio.html |title=Nobel autobiography|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215050819/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1991/sakmann-autobio.html|archive-date=15 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Betz | first1 = W.
| last2 = Sakmann | first2 = B.
| title = "Disjunction" of frog neuromuscular synapses by treatment with proteolytic enzymes
| journal = Nature New Biology
| volume = 232
| issue = 29
| pages = 94–95
| year = 1971
| pmid = 4328253
| doi=10.1038/newbio232094a0
| hdl = 21.11116/0000-0001-3090-5
| hdl-access = free
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Betz | first1 = W.
| last2 = Sakmann | first2 = B.
| title = Effects of proteolytic enzymes on function and structure of frog neuromuscular junctions
| journal = The Journal of Physiology
| volume = 230
| issue = 3
| pages = 673–688
| year = 1973
| pmid = 4352108
| pmc = 1350622
| doi=10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010211
}}</ref>
==Life and career==
Sakmann was born in [[Stuttgart]], the son of Annemarie (née Schaefer), a physical therapist, and Bertold Sakmann, a theater director.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1991/sakmann/biographical/ |title=Bert Sakmann – Biographical, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991 |website=NobelPrize.org |publisher=Nobel Media AB |access-date=15 December 2019}}</ref> Sakmann enrolled in Volksschule in [[Lindau]], and completed the Wagenburg [[gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] in [[Stuttgart]] in 1961. He studied medicine from 1967 onwards in [[Tübingen]], [[Freiburg]], [[Berlin]], [[Paris]] and [[Munich]]. After completing his medical exams at Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich, he became a medical assistant in 1968 at [[Munich University]], while also working as a scientific assistant (Wissenschaftlicher Assistent) at Munich's [[Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie]], in the [[Neurophysiology]] Department under [[Otto Detlev Creutzfeldt]]. In 1971 he moved to [[University College London]], where he worked in the Department of [[Biophysics]] under [[Bernard Katz]]. In 1974, he completed his medical dissertation, under the title ''Elektrophysiologie der neuralen Helladaptation in der Katzenretina'' (''[[Electrophysiology]] of Neural Light Adaption in the Cat Retina'') in the Medical Faculty of Göttingen University.<ref name="nobio"/>
Afterwards (still in 1974), Sakmann returned to the lab of Otto Creutzfeldt, who had meanwhile moved to the [[Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry]] in Göttingen. Sakmann joined the membrane biology group in 1979.
In 1990 he accepted a position at the Faculty of Natural Science Medicine at [[Heidelberg University]]. One year later, he became a full university professor at the Faculty of Biology in Heidelberg.
On 2 June 2009, [[Peter Gruss]], the president of the Max Planck Society, announced that Sakmann would serve as the scientific director of the Max Planck Florida Institute, the organization's biomedical research facility at [[Florida Atlantic University]] in [[Jupiter, Florida]].
Sakmann is the founder of the Bert-Sakmann-Stiftung.
==Awards and honors==
In 1986, Sakmann and [[Erwin Neher]] were awarded the [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] from [[Columbia University]]. In 1987, he received the [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize]] of the [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]], which is the highest honour awarded in German research. In 1991, he received the [[Ralph W. Gerard Prize in Neuroscience]], the [[Harvey Prize]] and the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] along with Neher, with whom he had worked in Göttingen.<ref name="nobio"/> In 1993 he became a member of the [[German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Bert Sakmann |url=https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/bert-sakmann/|publisher=German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina |access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref> He was elected a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1994|Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1994]].<ref name=formemrs/>
== References ==
{{reflist|35em}}
==External links==
{{Scholia|author}}
* {{Nobelprize}}
{{Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Laureates 1976-2000}}
{{1991 Nobel Prize winners}}
{{FRS 1994}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sakmann, Bert}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of University College London]]
[[Category:Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization]]
[[Category:Foreign members of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century German biologists]]
[[Category:German Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners]]
[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine]]
[[Category:Scientists from Stuttgart]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg]]
[[Category:University of Freiburg alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Heidelberg University]]
[[Category:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni]]
[[Category:Max Planck Society people]]
[[Category:Electrophysiologists]]
[[Category:Members of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina]]
[[Category:20th-century German biologists]]
[[Category:Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities]]
[[Category:Max Planck Institute directors]]
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