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{{short description|Fictional alien species in the Doctor Who universe}}
{{About|the species from Doctor Who}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox fictional race
| name = Time Lords
| image = The Time Lords (13049288195).jpg
| caption = Time Lord costumes at the ''Doctor Who'' Experience in 2013. From left to right: regalia from ''[[The Deadly Assassin]]'' (1977), [[The Master (Doctor Who)|the Master]]'s outfit from [[Doctor Who (1996 film)|the 1996 TV movie]], and [[Rassilon]]'s garment from "[[The End of Time (Doctor Who)|The End of Time]]" (2010).
| series = [[Doctor Who]]
| type = Time Lords
| home_world = Gallifrey
| first = ''[[The War Games]]'' (1969)
}}
The '''Time Lords''' are a fictional ancient race of [[extraterrestrial life|extraterrestrial]] people in the British [[science fiction television]] series ''[[Doctor Who]]''. In-universe, they hail from the planet Gallifrey and are stated to have invented [[time travel]] technology. They have sworn an oath to not interfere in the universe; those who reject this and leave the planet to live in the universe are referred to as "renegades". One of their number, [[the Doctor]], fled Gallifrey, stealing one of their [[Time machine|time machines]] known as a [[TARDIS]]. In the early days of the series, the Time Lords were not initially referred to, and though the Doctor was stated to be non-human, the character did not clarify beyond that. The Time Lords, as well as the Doctor's affiliation with them, first appeared in the 1969 serial [[The War Games|''The War Games'']]. Following this appearance, the Time Lords serve as recurring characters, with many individual Time Lords serving either antagonistic or supporting roles in the series. Following the show's 2005 revival, it is revealed the Time Lords had been wiped out in-universe, killed by the Doctor during the events of a war against a species known as the [[Daleks]]. Though the Doctor is later able to go back and save the Time Lords in the 2013 episode "[[The Day of the Doctor]]", they are killed again by the antagonist [[The Master (Doctor Who)|the Master]] during the events of the 2020 episode "[[Spyfall (Doctor Who)|Spyfall]]".
The Time Lords originally did not exist in the series' narrative, though the Doctor referred to not being human. When creating 1969 serial ''The War Games'', the production team needed a way to resolve the narrative of the serial in a satisfying manner. The team decided to have him meet his own people to bring the narrative back to the Doctor's origins. The Time Lords are believed to have been conceived by producer [[Derrick Sherwin]], who initially had assumed they were a pre-existing element in the series. Sherwin discussed and planned out the Time Lords' role with co-writer [[Terrance Dicks]], laying the groundwork for the Time Lords' future appearances in the series. Though the Time Lords were initially portrayed as [[god]]-like figures, they were recontextualised significantly by the 1976 serial ''[[The Deadly Assassin]].'' The serial depicted them as having internal political struggles, with Time Lords being [[Hypocrisy|hypocritical]] and corrupt in their nature. The serial also established a distinct visual identity for the Time Lord race, having them wear ceremonial robes and large collars. This depiction of the Time Lords would be maintained throughout the rest of the show's original run. The show's 2005 revival would end up killing the Time Lord race due to showrunner [[Russell T Davies]] finding the Time Lords boring, while also wanting to establish them as mythological figures in the series' lore. The following showrunner, [[Steven Moffat]], would bring them back to establish a new character arc for the Doctor, allowing the character to move on from their guilt caused by their actions in destroying them.
The Time Lords have been treated with a mixed response, particularly for their depiction in episodes following ''The Deadly Assassin.'' The decision to kill the Time Lords was met with praise by critics, who noted how it helped to expand the Doctor's character as well as the Time Lords' role in the series' wider narrative. The Time Lords have been the subject of scholarly analysis for a variety of subjects.
==In-universe information==
''[[Doctor Who]]'' is a long-running British [[Science fiction on television|science-fiction television]] series that began in 1963. It stars its protagonist, [[the Doctor]], an alien who travels through time and space in a ship known as the [[TARDIS]], as well as their travelling [[Companion (Doctor Who)|companions]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nicol |first=Danny |date=May 1, 2020 |title=''Doctor Who'', Family and National Identity |journal=Entertainment & Sports Law Journal |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=1–11 |via=[[EBSCO Information Services|EBSCO]]}}</ref> When the Doctor dies, they are able to undergo a process known as "[[Regeneration (Doctor Who)|regeneration]]", completely changing the Doctor's appearance and personality.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |date=2023-12-13 |title=''Doctor Who''{{’}}s big twist betrayed the show's oldest rule |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/24000340/doctor-who-the-giggle-david-tennant-russell-t-davies |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=[[Vox media|Vox]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Throughout their travels, the Doctor often comes into conflict with various [[List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens|alien species]] and antagonists.<ref name=":422">{{Cite book |last=Cardin |first=Matt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PKnIEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Sutekh%22+doctor+who+-wikipedia&pg=PT12 |title=Mummies around the World: An Encyclopedia of Mummies in History, Religion, and Popular Culture |date=2014-11-17 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing USA]] |isbn=979-8-216-12019-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wells |first=Bobby |date=2022-01-24 |title=''Doctor Who'' Villains, Ranked |url=https://www.space.com/doctor-who-villains-ranked-worst-to-best |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250617143728/https://www.space.com/doctor-who-villains-ranked-worst-to-best |archive-date=2025-06-17 |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=[[Space.com|Space]] |language=en}}</ref>
=== Characteristics ===
[[File:Gallifrey Sound of Drums.jpg|thumb|The Citadel of the Time Lords on Gallifrey (from "[[The Sound of Drums]]")<ref name="Sound of Drums">{{Cite episode |title=The Sound of Drums |episode-link=The Sound of Drums |series=Doctor Who |series-link=Doctor Who |last=Davies |first=Russell T (writer) |author-link=Russell T Davies |last2=Teague |first2=Colin (director) |author-link2=Colin Teague |network=[[BBC]] |station=[[BBC One]] |date=23 June 2007 |series-no=3 |number=12}}</ref>]]The Time Lords live on a planet known as Gallifrey, a yellow-orange planet. A large city called the Capitol resides on the planet, where a large number of Time Lords live.<ref name="RT">{{cite web |last=Cremona |first=Patrick |date=1 March 2020 |title=Doctor Who: A brief history of Gallifrey on screen |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-gallifrey-history/ |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref> All Time Lords are part of the species known as Gallifreyans, but not every Gallifreyan is a Time Lord,<ref name="RT" /> though many involved with the show have interchangeably referenced the Time Lords being either a [[Race (human categorization)|race]] or a [[species]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hulke |first1=Malcolm |author-link=Malcolm Hulke |title=The Making of Doctor Who |last2=Dicks |first2=Terrance |author-link2=Terrance Dicks |date=1972 |publisher=Piccolo Books |isbn=0-330-23203-7 |page=19}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Dicks |first1=Terrance |author-link=Terrance Dicks |last2=Wright |first2=Mark |date=March 2016 |title=Creation Theories |magazine=The Essential Doctor Who |publisher=[[Panini Comics|Panini UK Ltd]] |___location=Tunbridge Wells |page=24 |issue=7: ''The Time Lords'' |isbn=9781846532207}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Davies |first=Russell T |author-link=Russell T Davies |date=25 May 2005 |title=The Evasion of Time |magazine=[[Doctor Who Magazine]] |publisher=[[Panini Comics|Panini Publishing Ltd]] |___location=Tunbridge Wells |page=66 |issue=356}}</ref> Those who dropped out of Time Lord society live there, and are dubbed "outsiders",<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Burk |first=Graeme |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Who_Is_The_Doctor_2/rYPCDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Gallifrey%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT339&printsec=frontcover |title=Who Is The Doctor 2: The Unofficial Guide to Doctor Who — The Modern Series |last2=Smith? |first2=Robert |date=2020-03-17 |publisher=ECW Press |isbn=978-1-77305-470-4 |language=en}}</ref> while those who become Time Lords tend to be from "ruling houses", which are implied to be at the top Gallifreyan society.<ref name=":2" /> Time Lord society is largely present within the Capitol, also called the Citadel, with the land outside of the cities being a wasteland. The Citadel contains a ___location known as the Academy, where young Gallifreyans are raised as Time Lords.<ref name=":5" /> Gallifrey is protected by an impenetrable barrier, which prevents most forms of attack.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Richards |first=Justin |author-link=Justin Richards |date=October 2014 |title=Gallifrey |journal=The Essential Doctor Who |publisher=[[Panini Comics|Panini UK Ltd]] |issue=3: ''Alien Worlds'' |page=31}}</ref> [[File:Regeneration 4-5.gif|thumb|The [[Fourth Doctor]] regenerates into the [[Fifth Doctor]] (from ''[[Logopolis]]'', 1981).|left]]The term "Time Lord" tends to refer to a male Time Lord, while "Time Lady" is used to refer to a female Time Lord; despite this, the term Time Lord has also often been used as an overarching term to refer to both sexes of Time Lord.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Lachenal |first=Jessica |date=2017-07-27 |title=What’s in a Name? — Time Lord vs. Time Lady |url=https://www.themarysue.com/doctor-who-time-lord-vs-time-lady/ |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=The Mary Sue}}</ref> Time Lords and human beings look alike, but differ in that they have several physiological differences, with Time Lords having two hearts.{{sfn|Donaghy|2014|p=12}} Time Lords, upon death, have the ability to "regenerate," during which they are healed from their mortal injuries, but have their physical appearances and minds changed in the process. Time Lords are capable of regenerating twelve times, making for a total of thirteen lives in one Time Lord's life.{{sfn|Donaghy|2014|p=12}} Another process that exists, introduced in 2023 episode "[[The Giggle]]", is known as bi-generation, in which the Time Lord splits into two copies of the same person when regenerating.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blair |first=Andrew |date=2023-12-11 |title=Doctor Who: Has Bigeneration Dealt Ncuti Gatwa a Bad Hand? |url=https://www.denofgeek.com/tv/doctor-who-has-bigeneration-dealt-ncuti-gatwa-a-bad-hand/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Den of Geek |language=en-US}}</ref> Time Lords also have some level of psychic powers,{{sfn|Donaghy|2014|p=12}} as well as the power of [[hypnosis]] and a "respiratory bypass system" which allows them to avoid being strangled.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Fordy |first=Tom |date=2020-03-02 |title=Who are the Time Lords? Everything you need to know about the Doctor's fellow Gallifreyans |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/0/time-lords-everything-need-know-doctors-fellowgallifreyans/ |access-date=2024-12-26 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Time Lords are also capable of altering their species using a device called a [[Chameleon Arch]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blumberg |first=Arnold T. |date=2020-01-28 |title=Doctor Who: Jo Martin's Character and That Surprise Cameo Explained |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/doctor-who-jo-martin-character-john-barrowman-cameo-explained |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=IGN |language=en}}</ref>
According to 2020 episode "[[The Timeless Children]]", the Time Lords were originally members of a species known as the Shobogans who were genetically altered with the genetic code of a being known as the Timeless Child, a being that later came to be known as the Doctor. This granted Time Lords the ability to regenerate.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Fullerton |first=Huw |title=Doctor Who The Division and The Timeless Child full recap explanation {{!}} Radio Times |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-timeless-child-story-recap/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=www.radiotimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> A Time Lord named Rassilon would work with another Time Lord named Omega to create the first [[Time machine|time travel spaceship]], harnessing the power of a star going [[supernova]] to fuel the device. Though it succeeded, Omega disappeared during the incident.<ref name="timelordorigins">{{cite web |title=Time Lord Origins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/timelordorigins.shtml |access-date=2010-01-02 |work=Doctor Who Classic Episode Guide |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> Rassilon harnessed the [[Black hole#Singularity|nucleus]] of the resulting black hole to provide the energy that powers time travel,<ref name=":0">Parkin, Lance & Pearson, Lars (2012). ''A History: An Unauthorised History of the Doctor Who Universe (3rd Edition)'', p. 697. Mad Norwegian Press, Des Moines. {{ISBN|978-193523411-1}}.</ref> resulting in much of Omega's praise being given to Rassilon,<ref name="timelordorigins" /> and Rassilon became a defining figure in Time Lord society. Rassilon took control of the Time Lords' home planet Gallifrey as its "Lord High President".<ref name=":0" /> The Time Lords became an influential race in the universe, becoming important figures during a period known as "The Dark Times", waging war with a species known as the [[Great Vampire|Great Vampires]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 8, 2020 |title=The Road to Time Lord Victorious |url=https://www.doctorwho.tv/news-and-features/the-road-to-time-lord-victorious |website=Doctor Who TV}}</ref> They also established a faction known as the Division to interfere with history when needed, though the Division split off to become separate from the Time Lords entirely, often outsourcing their work to other alien species, such as the [[Weeping Angel|Weeping Angels]] and [[Lupari (Doctor Who)|Lupari]].<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Farnell |first=Chris |date=2021-12-06 |title=Doctor Who: Flux Ending Explained |url=https://www.denofgeek.com/tv/doctor-who-flux-ending-explained/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=Den of Geek |language=en-US}}</ref> As the universe stabilised, the Time Lords decided to take a vow of non-interference, deciding not to interact with the universe and merely observe it.<ref name="timelordorigins" /> Though most Time Lords follow this vow of non-intervention, those who leave the planet for one reason or another to act on their own accord in the universe are dubbed "renegades" and include recurring characters such as the Doctor.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Muir |first=John Kenneth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qMKSCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=A Critical History of Doctor Who on Television |date=2015-09-15 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-0454-1 |language=ar}}</ref>
=== Appearances ===
==== Classic series ====
The [[First Doctor]] steals a [[TARDIS]], one of the [[Time travel|time-travel]] ships the Time Lords use, and flees Gallifrey with his granddaughter [[Susan Foreman]] sometime prior to the events of the series. The Doctor, during his travels, encounters and thwarts many conflicts throughout history.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last=Kistler |first=Alan |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Doctor_Who/OXRBBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Gallifrey%22+++%22Audio%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA141&printsec=frontcover |title=Doctor Who: A History |date=2013-10-01 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4930-0016-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite book |last=DiPaolo |first=Marc |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Fire_and_Snow/GdZjDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Gallifrey%22+++%22Audio%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA91&printsec=frontcover |title=Fire and Snow: Climate Fiction from the Inklings to Game of Thrones |date=2018-08-01 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-1-4384-7045-0 |language=en}}</ref> Eventually, in the 1969 serial ''[[The War Games]]'', during an incident in which a group known as the War Lords capture humans from throughout time and space, the [[Second Doctor]] is forced to contact the Time Lords to resolve the situation. The Time Lords put the Doctor on trial for his interference throughout time and space, but after showing them how he has stopped evils during his travels, the Time Lords decide to force him to regenerate and exile him to Earth, where the Doctor has spent a significant amount of time during his travels.<ref name=":4" />
The [[Third Doctor]] is used as an agent by the Time Lords during his exile in the 1971 serial ''[[Colony in Space]]'' and the 1972 serials ''[[The Mutants]]'' and ''[[The Curse of Peladon]]'', in which he is sent off-world to resolve conflicts on the Time Lords' behalf.<ref name=":315">{{Cite news |last=Fordy |first=Tom |date=2020-03-02 |title=Who are the Time Lords? Everything you need to know about the Doctor's fellow Gallifreyans |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/0/time-lords-everything-need-know-doctors-fellowgallifreyans/ |access-date=2024-12-26 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref name=":63">{{Cite book |last=Ainsworth |first=John |title=Doctor Who: The Complete History: Colony in Space - The Daemons - Day of the Daleks |date=23 September 2015 |publisher=Hachette Partworks, Panini Publishing.}}</ref><ref name="Ainsworth2018b">{{Cite book |last=Ainsworth |first=John |title=Doctor Who: The Complete History: The Curse of Peladon - The Sea Devils - The Mutants - The Time Monster |date=11 July 2018 |publisher=Hachette Partworks, Panini Publishing |pages=8-38 |issn=2057-6048}}</ref> The Doctor also comes into conflict with another renegade Time Lord, [[The Master (Doctor Who)|the Master]], who repeatedly has his schemes thwarted by the Doctor, and would repeatedly feature as a recurring antagonist.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saunders |first=Tristram Fane |date=2020-01-02 |title=The Master of evil: Roger Delgado and the twisted history of Doctor Who's greatest foe |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/0/master-evil-roger-delgado-twisted-history-doctor-greatest-foe/ |access-date=2025-07-15 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> The Time Lords eventually contact the first three incarnations of the Doctor during 1973 serial [[The Three Doctors (Doctor Who)|''The Three Doctors'']] in order to defeat Omega, who has returned to the universe and is attempting to get revenge on the Time Lords for seemingly abandoning him. After Omega is seemingly destroyed, the Time Lords revoke the Third Doctor's exile, allowing him to travel freely again.<ref name=":45">{{Cite book |last=Ainsworth |first=John |title=Doctor Who: The Complete History: The Three Doctors - Carnival of Monsters - Frontier in Space |date=19 April 2017 |publisher=Hachette Partworks, Panini Publishing.}}</ref> He is later sent on a mission by the Time Lords during the events of the 1975 serial ''[[Genesis of the Daleks]]'', where they request the Doctor to go back in time to the [[Dalek|Daleks]]' creation in an attempt to destroy them.<ref name="Gizmodo" />
The [[Fourth Doctor]] eventually returns to Gallifrey during the events of the 1976 serial ''[[The Deadly Assassin]]'', during which he stops a plan by the Master to destroy Gallifrey to gain more regenerations. The Doctor again returns to Gallifrey during the 1978 serial ''[[The Invasion of Time]]'', where the Doctor stops a dual Vardan and [[Sontaran]] invasion of Gallifrey,<ref name=":43" /> and later travels with a Time Lady named [[Romana (Doctor Who)|Romana]], who was sent by the Time Lords to help him in his quest to assemble the [[Key to Time]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=R.I.P. Mary Tamm, Doctor Who's Romana |url=https://www.avclub.com/r-i-p-mary-tamm-doctor-whos-romana-1798232522 |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=AV Club |language=en-US}}</ref> The Time Lords again appear in the 1983 serial ''[[Arc of Infinity]]'', during which the [[Fifth Doctor]] helps stop another attempt by Omega to return to reality.<ref name=":33" /> The 1983 anniversary special "[[The Five Doctors]]" sees the Lord President of Gallifrey, Borusa, capture several incarnations of the Doctor, as well as many of their companions and old enemies, from throughout time and space, using them to break into Rassilon's tomb so Borusa can obtain the secret to immortality. The Time Lords send the Master to help the Doctor in stopping the scheme, though the Master ends up betraying the Time Lords; the Master is eventually knocked unconscious. Borusa arrives in the tomb after the Doctors find their way in, but is turned to stone by a disembodied apparition of Rassilon. Rassilon returns everyone captured by Borusa back to their home times.<ref name=":6" />
The [[Sixth Doctor]] later encounters a Time Lady who has left the planet, named [[the Rani]], who acts as a recurring enemy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Whitbrook |first=James |date=2025-05-23 |title=A Brief Guide to the Rani, the Diva Time Lady Villainess of 'Doctor Who' |url=https://gizmodo.com/doctor-who-the-rani-explained-bbc-disney-2000606614 |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=Gizmodo |language=en-US}}</ref> The Time Lords eventually again capture the Doctor and put him on trial in [[The Trial of a Time-Lord|''The Trial of a Time Lord'']]. The Sixth Doctor debates against the prosecutor known as [[the Valeyard]], who is revealed to be a dark incarnation of the Doctor from his future. The Valeyard has manipulated the trial to try and get the Doctor's remaining regenerations, and flees into Time Lord information repository the Matrix in an attempt to escape. The Doctor stops both him and the Master, and is released by the Time Lords as thanks for his help in stopping them.<ref name=":62" />
==== Revived series ====
Sometime following the events depicted in the Classic series but before the revival's [[Doctor Who series 1|first series]], the Daleks, realizing the Time Lords attempted to interfere in their creation, become involved in a massive interstellar war fought across time and space against the Time Lords known as the "Last Great Time War". Both sides utilised time travel, with the war being fought outside of normal space-time. Many key figures in Time Lord society participated in the war, including Rassilon, who was resurrected from the dead to act as a leader, and the Master, who initially fought in the war before eventually fleeing from it. The Doctor's [[Eighth Doctor|Eighth incarnation]] was originally a [[conscientious objector]], working to help those in the cosmos where he could, but eventually, after a young woman named Cass denies him rescuing her from a crashing ship on account of him being a Time Lord, the Doctor chooses to regenerate into a warrior. His subsequent incarnation, the [[War Doctor]], entered the war and actively participated in it, eventually ending the war by using a device called [[The Moment (Doctor Who)|the Moment]] to seemingly destroy both sides, leaving the Doctor the apparent sole Time Lord left in the universe.<ref name="Gizmodo">{{cite web |last=Whitbrook |first=James |date=17 June 2020 |title=The Timey-Wimey History of Doctor Who's Time War |url=https://gizmodo.com/the-timey-wimey-history-of-doctor-whos-time-war-1843986630 |access-date=19 November 2024 |website=[[Gizmodo]]}}</ref>
Though the Master was also revealed to have escaped the war, the Time Lords as a race did not physically re-appear until "[[The End of Time (Doctor Who)|The End of Time]]" (2009-2010), in which Rassilon, during the final days of the Time War, attempts to destroy time and space as a whole to make the Time Lords become the final living race in the universe. Though Gallifrey is briefly able to escape the war, the [[Tenth Doctor]] stops Rassilon, sending the Time Lords back into the war.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Steven |date=2010-01-05 |title=Doctor Who Specials Recap: "The End of Time, Part Two" |url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/tv/doctor-who-specials-the-end-of-time-part-two/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=Slant Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>
During the 2013 50th anniversary special "[[The Day of the Doctor]]", the War Doctor meets his future incarnations, the Tenth and [[Eleventh Doctor]]s, and the three are able to work together to save the Time Lords from the last day of the war, sending the Time Lords and Gallifrey into a [[pocket universe]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Steven |date=2013-11-25 |title=Doctor Who Recap: 50th Anniversary Special, “The Day of the Doctor” |url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/tv/doctor-who-recap-50th-anniversary-special-the-day-of-the-doctor/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=Slant Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> The Time Lords attempt to return the universe during the events of the 2013 episode "[[The Time of the Doctor]]", needing the Doctor to speak his name into a crack in time to know if it's safe to return. Species from across the universe lay siege to the planet Trenzalore to stop the Doctor from speaking his name; though the Eleventh Doctor, on his final regeneration, does not intend to speak his name, he stays to defend the town of Christmas on the planet, as it will be destroyed by the invading forces if he is to leave. After hundreds of years of defending the planet, he is about to die; the Time Lords gift the Doctor more regeneration energy, allowing him to survive and defeat an invading Dalek fleet.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Steven |date=2013-12-27 |title=Doctor Who Recap: Season 8, Episode 0, “The Time of the Doctor” |url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/tv/doctor-who-recap-2013-christmas-special-the-time-of-the-doctor/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=Slant Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> The Time Lords subsequently return to the universe, with the [[Twelfth Doctor]] eventually making it back to Gallifrey in "[[Hell Bent (Doctor Who)|Hell Bent]]" (2015), during which the Doctor exiles Rassilon and uses Time Lord technology to pluck his companion [[Clara Oswald]] from moments before her death to save her life.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Steven |date=2015-12-07 |title=Doctor Who Recap: Season 9, Episode 12, “Hell Bent” |url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/tv/doctor-who-recap-season-9-episode-12-hell-bent/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=Slant Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>
Gallifrey is destroyed again by the Master in the 2020 episode "[[Spyfall (Doctor Who)|Spyfall]]",<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-05 |title=Canotated: Everything Doctor Who ever told us about Time Lords is... a lie? |url=https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/doctor-who-timeless-child-master-destroys-gallifrey-spyfall-part-2 |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=SYFY |language=en-US}}</ref> with the Master exterminating all Time Lords in the universe off-screen with a "genetic explosion".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zhan |first=Jennifer |title=Doctor Who Season-Finale Recap: I Kid You Not |url=https://www.vulture.com/article/doctor-who-finale-recap-series-15-episode-8.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250722130510/https://www.vulture.com/article/doctor-who-finale-recap-series-15-episode-8.html |archive-date=2025-07-22 |access-date=2025-08-04 |work=Vulture |language=en}}</ref> The Master later converts the Time Lords into mechanical cyborgs known as [[Cybermen]] in the 2020 episode "[[The Timeless Children]]".<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Blumberg |first=Arnold T. |date=2020-03-02 |title=Doctor Who Finale Recap: 'The Timeless Children' Ending Explained |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/doctor-who-finale-recap-timeless-children-tecteun-morbius-doctors-ending-explained |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=IGN |language=en}}</ref> These Cybermen, dubbed "Cybermasters",<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last=Allcock |first=Chris |date=2022-10-23 |title=Doctor Who: The Power of the Doctor Review |url=https://www.denofgeek.com/tv/doctor-who-the-power-of-the-doctor-review/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=Den of Geek |language=en-US}}</ref> have the ability to regenerate, unlike regular Cybermen.<ref name=":14" /> The Master reveals to the [[Thirteenth Doctor]] that she is the Timeless Child. The Doctor is able to rig a "death particle" to destroy all organic life on the planet, destroying most of the Cybermasters, though some are implied to escape with the Master.<ref>{{Cite web |last=staff |first=Radio Times |title=Doctor Who: The Timeless Children recap and questions {{!}} Radio Times |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-timeless-children-questions-explained/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=www.radiotimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The Cybermasters re-appear during the events of the 2022 special "[[The Power of the Doctor]]", and are seemingly all killed during the episode.<ref name=":15" />
The Doctor also encounters the Division during the events of "[[Fugitive of the Judoon]]" (2020) in which she and her [[Fugitive Doctor|Fugitive incarnation]], who was a former Division operative, defeat a Time Lord operative named Gat.<ref name=":8" /> During the events of ''[[Doctor Who: Flux]]'', the Thirteenth Doctor encounters [[Tecteun]], a Time Lord who adopted the Timeless Child and pioneered regeneration in Time Lords. Following the Doctor learning about the nature of her true identity from the Master,<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Farnell |first=Chris |date=2021-12-06 |title=Doctor Who: Flux Ending Explained |url=https://www.denofgeek.com/tv/doctor-who-flux-ending-explained/ |access-date=2025-08-08 |website=Den of Geek |language=en-US}}</ref> Tecteun attempts to orchestrate a wave of [[Antimatter|anti-matter]]<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Bui |first=Hoai-Tran |date=2021-12-06 |title=Doctor Who: Flux Flubs The Finale In The Supremely Unsatisfying The Vanquishers |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/678853/doctor-who-flux-flubs-the-finale-in-the-supremely-unsatisfying-the-vanquishers/ |access-date=2025-08-08 |website=SlashFilm |language=en-US}}</ref> known as the Flux to destroy the entire universe, allowing her and the Division to escape to another reality away from the Doctor.<ref name=":16" /> Tecteun is killed by [[Swarm and Azure]], enemies of the Division,<ref>{{Cite web |title=DOCTOR WHO: FLUX – THE VANQUISHERS |url=https://www.starburstmagazine.com/reviews/doctor-flux-vanquishers/ |access-date=2025-08-08 |website=STARBURST Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> with the Doctor later defeating them and stopping the Flux wave.<ref name=":17" />
The Rani is later revealed to have survived the genetic explosion, and during the events of 2025 episodes "[[Wish World]]" and "[[The Reality War]]", attempts to summon Omega so she can revive the Time Lords using DNA from his body. The Rani, who has bi-generated, is eaten by a monstrous Omega, with her other self, dubbed [[Mrs. Flood]], escaping. Omega is blasted with a laser back into his home dimension by the [[Fifteenth Doctor]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who ends season 2 with a supersized episode and even bigger reveal |url=https://www.avclub.com/doctor-who-season-2-finale-recap-the-reality-war |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=AV Club |language=en-US}}</ref>
=== In spin-off media ===
Many pieces of spin-off media focus on Gallifrey, particularly in terms of the Doctor's origins on the planet. However, many of these accounts are contradictory and do not align with events portrayed in other media.<ref name=":10" /> Many of these contradictory elements were explained in canon by various means, but most notably by the introduction of the Time War, which explained narrative inconsistencies by stating that the War's effects caused the events of different pieces of media to be "cancelled out".<ref name=":11">{{Cite book |last=Britton |first=Piers D. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/TARDISbound/eNuRDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Gallifrey%22+++%22novel%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover |title=TARDISbound: Navigating the Universes of Doctor Who |date=2011-03-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-85772-009-2 |language=en}}</ref> Several elements of the Time Lords' history are present across spin-off media, but are not always present in the main show. One major element was the concept of looms, which are devices used by the Time Lords to reproduce after being rendered [[Infertility|infertile]]. These have been used in multiple forms of media, such as comics and novels.<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Leitch |first=Gillian I. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Being_a_Girl_with_The_Doctor/9S7nEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Time+Lord%22+++%22Audio%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA23&printsec=frontcover |title=Being a Girl with The Doctor: Essays on the Feminine in Doctor Who |last2=Ginn |first2=Sherry |date=2023-12-11 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-8953-1 |language=en}}</ref> Another is the character of Irving Braxiatel, the Doctor's brother, who acts as a recurring character across multiple spin-off series, including in media focusing on the character of [[Bernice Summerfield]].<ref name=":13">{{Cite book |last=Bates |first=Philip |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Companions/bUNZEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22War+Doctor%22+++%22Audio%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT124&printsec=frontcover |title=Companions: Sixty Years of Doctor Who Assistants |last2=Frankham-Allen |first2=Andy |date=2025-02-20 |publisher=Andrews UK Limited |isbn=978-0-7223-5561-9 |language=en}}</ref> Other concepts that originate in spin-off media, such as the domed citadel of the Time Lords that debuted in comic strips, would later be adapted and made canon to the television series.<ref name=":5" />
The spin-off media crossover event [[Time Lord Victorious|''Time Lord Victorious'']] depicts the Time Lords during the Dark Times, with the Daleks and many incarnations of the Doctor becoming involved in the conflict. This story was depicted across multiple pieces of spin-off media, including novels, audio dramas, comic strips, and real-world immersive events.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fullerton |first=Huw |title=Doctor Who {{!}} Time Lord Victorious release schedule - full list {{!}} Radio Times |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/time-lord-victorious-doctor-who-full-release-list/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=www.radiotimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>
==== Novels ====
The 1997 [[Virgin New Adventures]] novel ''[[Lungbarrow]]'' depicted an execution of a planned storyline for the Classic series before its cancellation; the novel revealed the Doctor to secretly be a mythical figure in Time Lord society known as [[The Other (Doctor Who)|the Other]]. This conflicted with other novels published by [[BBC Books]] at the time, which followed the idea of the Doctor being half human.<ref name=":9" /> Another concept introduced in ''Lungbarrow'' was that of the Pythia, a being who, in the past of the Time Lords, rendered the Time Lords infertile, resulting in them utilising looms for reproduction.<ref name=":12" />
Later books published by BBC Books introduced a group known as the [[Faction Paradox]], who opposed Time Lord society and aimed to cause time anomalies for fun. The Faction was revealed to be run by an alternate version of the Doctor dubbed [[Grandfather Paradox (Doctor Who)|Grandfather Paradox]], and though the Doctor stopped Paradox and ended the Faction, Gallifrey was destroyed in the process.<ref name=":9" /> Other novels would include the concept of a time war prior to its introduced in the revived series.<ref name=":11" /> In various media starring the Eighth Doctor, as well in ''Faction Paradox'' spin-off material, a concept known as the "War in Heaven" is introduced, in which the Time Lords are depicted fighting an unidentified "enemy" in a massive temporal conflict. The Time Lords are depicted as having more than thirteen regenerations. These Time Lords also have the ability for Time Lord soldiers to adapt their bodies depending on the terrain of the battlefield, with some being mutated into organic weapons of war.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Whitbrook |first=James |date=2024-11-27 |title=The Brief History of Doctor Who's Forced Regenerations |url=https://gizmodo.com/doctor-who-forced-regenerations-explained-second-doctor-war-games-bbc-2000530966 |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=Gizmodo |language=en-US}}</ref>
==== Audio ====
The ''Gallifrey'' audio drama series produced by [[Big Finish Productions]] depicts Romana returning to Gallifrey and assuming the position of President, working alongside the character [[Leela (Doctor Who)|Leela]] to improve Time Lord society for the better while dealing with political drama and terrorist attacks.<ref name=":9" /> Later audio dramas would depict the build-up to the Time War depicted on-screen, such as in the [[Dark Eyes (audio drama series)|''Dark Eyes'']] and ''The Eighth Doctor: The Time War'' spin-off series.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Contributors |first=T. M. S. |date=2015-07-01 |title=Dark Eyes: Doctor Who Passes the Bechdel Test |url=https://www.themarysue.com/dark-eyes-eighth-doctor-bechdel-test/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=The Mary Sue |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Magic Eight Paul – Paul McGann at Big Finish |url=https://www.starburstmagazine.com/features/paul-mcgann-big-finish-feature/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=STARBURST Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> Several audio dramas focusing on the War Doctor also reveal more about the events of the Time War,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Langley |first=Travis |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Doctor_Who_Psychology_2nd_Edition/CpPuEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22War+Doctor%22+++%22Audio%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA11&printsec=frontcover |title=Doctor Who Psychology (2nd Edition): Times Change |date=2023-11-07 |publisher=Turner Publishing Company |isbn=978-1-68442-985-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":13" /> while the audio drama series [[The War Master (audio drama series)|''The War Master'']] depicts the incarnation of the Master that fought in the war, as well as several of the war's events.<ref name="Gizmodo" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fullerton |first=Huw |title=Doctor Who: Derek Jacobi to return as The Master for Big Finish drama {{!}} Radio Times |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/sir-derek-jacobi-to-return-as-the-war-master-in-new-doctor-who-audio-series/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=www.radiotimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-26 |title=Doctor Who’s War Master Derek Jacobi set to return in 2025 |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a63020359/doctor-who-derek-jacobi-audio-series/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=Digital Spy |language=en-GB}}</ref> Another series, dubbed ''Susan's War'', focuses on Susan's role in the Time War.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-16 |title=Doctor Who's granddaughter to battle the Daleks in new audio adventure |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a32163309/doctor-who-susan-daleks-big-finish/ |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=Digital Spy |language=en-GB}}</ref>
==Creation and development==
=== Classic series ===
Early on in the series, [[The Doctor (Doctor Who)|the Doctor]] was identified as a human being;<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Watcher |first=The |date=April 2015 |title=Loving the Alien |magazine=[[Doctor Who Magazine]] |publisher=[[Panini Comics|Panini UK Ltd]] |___location=Tunbridge Wells |page=22 |issue=484 |quote=[B]ut we can't ignore the fact that, for the remainder of the 1960s, there are plenty of hints that the Doctor is a human being. On more than one occasion, the First Doctor says as much himself. Here he is in the second episode of ''The Sensorites'': 'It's a fallacy, of course, that cats can see in the dark. They can't. But they can see better than ''we'' humans...' In Episode 2 of ''The Savages'', he tells Edal that the savages are 'human beings, like you and me'.}}</ref> however, their home planet, which from the start of the series is explicitly established as not being [[Earth]],<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Watcher |first=The |date=April 2015 |title=Loving the Alien |magazine=[[Doctor Who Magazine]] |publisher=[[Panini Comics|Panini UK Ltd]] |___location=Tunbridge Wells |page=22 |issue=484 |quote=First of all, let's put from our minds the obvious fact that the Doctor comes from another world – that particular cat exits the bag before the end of ''Doctor Who''{{-'}}s first episode. ... To start at the beginning, let's consider that all-important line in ''An Unearthly Child'': 'Susan and I are cut off from our own planet.'}}</ref> was not named. Regeneration, out of universe, was introduced to replace [[First Doctor]] actor [[William Hartnell]], who was falling into poor health.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-28 |title=DOCTOR WHO's Regenerations Have Never Been Normal |url=https://nerdist.com/article/doctor-who-regeneration-history-has-never-been-normal/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Nerdist |language=en-US}}</ref> The Doctor's process of regeneration was also not initially specified, with the process being described as "renewal" and its origins unclear,<ref name="power">{{cite web |title=BBC – Doctor Who Classic Episode Guide – The Power of the Daleks – Details |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/powerdaleks/detail.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321040948/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/powerdaleks/detail.shtml |archive-date=21 March 2008 |access-date=1 December 2007}}</ref> not being clearly elaborated until the 1970s.<ref name=":1" /> Details of the Doctor's home were never specified, even when encountering another character implied to be of the same species, the [[Meddling Monk]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Belam |first=Martin |date=2016-10-28 |title=The day Doctor Who changed face – and transformed TV for ever |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2016/oct/28/doctor-who-changed-face-and-transformed-tv-for-ever |access-date=2025-07-14 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
The Time Lords were created for the 1969 serial ''[[The War Games]]'', with the initial idea being brought up by producer [[Derrick Sherwin]], who suggested the Doctor meet his own people. The idea of the Doctor belonging to another species was only vaguely brought up in the series' early days, with Sherwin stating that the inclusion of the Time Lords in this episode would either serve as a good end point if the series was cancelled, or allow the series to progress into a new format if it kept going.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Ainsworth |first=John |title=Doctor Who: The Complete History: The Seeds of Death – The Space Pirates – The War Games |date=7 February 2018 |publisher=[[Hachette Partworks]], [[Panini Publishing]] |issn=2057-6048}}</ref> Elaborating on this genesis in a 2014 interview in ''[[Doctor Who Magazine]]'', Sherwin said of ''The War Games'', "It was a case of what shall we do, how can we end this? Let's go back to the beginning and say [the Doctor] was a Time Lord, a renegade Time Lord, a pain in the arse for the other Time Lords who stole his [[TARDIS]] and buggered off around the universe. So if he's going to be called to book let's bring in the Time Lords."<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Sherwin |first1=Derrick |author-link=Derrick Sherwin |last2=Adams |first2=Matt |date=December 2014 |title=Down to Earth |magazine=[[Doctor Who Magazine]] |publisher=[[Panini Comics|Panini UK Ltd]] |___location=Tunbridge Wells |page=58 |issue=479}}</ref> In ''The War Games'' DVD commentary, Sherwin mentioned that he recalled hearing about the Time Lords at the beginning of the series, but as no one else remembered this, it "might have come out of [his] dreams".<ref name="war games dvd">{{cite AV media |title=The War Games Episode Nine commentary |date=2009 |type=DVD |publisher=[[BBC Worldwide]] |id=BBCDVD1800 |people=[[Derrick Sherwin|Sherwin, Derrick]]; [[Terrance Dicks|Dicks, Terrance]]; [[Philip Madoc|Madoc, Philip]]; [[Graham Weston|Weston, Graham]]}}</ref> In a 2016 interview with ''The Essential Doctor Who'' magazine, Dicks mentioned how when Sherwin and he were discussing ''The War Games'' one day, Sherwin said, "He belongs to this mysterious race called the Time Lords, doesn't he?" with "everything" ultimately coming from that discussion.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Dicks |first1=Terrance |author-link=Terrance Dicks |last2=Wright |first2=Mark |date=March 2016 |title=Creation Theories |magazine=The Essential Doctor Who |publisher=[[Panini Comics|Panini UK Ltd]] |___location=Tunbridge Wells |page=24 |issue=7: ''The Time Lords''}}</ref> In an audio commentary recorded for the 2009 DVD release of ''The War Games,'' the serial's co-writer [[Terrance Dicks]] stated he believed Sherwin had created the Time Lords, though Sherwin did not remember himself.<ref>{{cite AV media |title=The War Games Episode Three commentary |date=2009 |type=DVD |publisher=[[BBC Worldwide]] |id=BBCDVD1800 |people=[[Derrick Sherwin|Sherwin, Derrick]]; [[Wendy Padbury|Padbury, Wendy]]; [[Frazer Hines|Hines, Frazer]]; [[Jane Sherwin|Sherwin, Jane]]}}</ref> A recurring Time Lord enemy, [[The Master (Doctor Who)|the Master]], would be introduced to the series in 1971's ''[[Terror of the Autons]]'', serving as a foil and recurring enemy to the Doctor, characterised as the [[Professor Moriarty]] to the Doctor's [[Sherlock Holmes]].<ref name=":332">{{Cite book |last=Ainsworth |first=John |title=Doctor Who: The Complete History: Inferno - Terror of the Autons - The Mind of Evil - The Claws of Axos |date=31 October 2018 |publisher=Hachette Partworks, Panini Publishing}}</ref> Dicks, as well as producer [[Barry Letts]], disliked the Doctor's exile to Earth at the hands of the Time Lords, and so used them as a plot device to get the Doctor in adventures off the planet.<ref name=":3" />
[[File:Doctor Who Experience (13080741605).jpg|thumb|368x368px|A Time Lord costume, as seen on display at the ''[[Doctor Who Experience|Doctor Who]]'' [[Doctor Who Experience|Experience]]. ]]
Previously, for ''Terror of the Autons,'' a Time Lord appeared disguised as a regular city inhabitant to warn the Doctor of the Master's arrival. [[Toby Hadoke]], a person affiliated with the series, has stated that this was an early example of writer [[Robert Holmes (scriptwriter)|Robert Holmes]] deciding he was disinterested in the god-like concept of the Time Lords.<ref name=":3" /> Holmes would later write the 1976 serial ''[[The Deadly Assassin]]'', which greatly recontextualised the Time Lords. Whereas before they were characterised as "[[austere]], god-like beings", the Time Lords now had internal political struggles, with the Time Lords only becoming powerful due to scientific achievement and not a "mystical" power or ability. Holmes wanted to make the Time Lords more "human" in how they acted, being unsatisfied with god-like characters. Holmes wished to "correct the picture", retconning much of the Time Lords' history to be [[Hypocrisy|hypocritical]] and corrupt; for example, the Time Lords' previous off-world use of the Doctor during his exile was done in-universe so the Time Lords could interfere with galactic affairs despite their oath of non-intervention.<ref name=":42">{{Cite book |last=Ainsworth |first=John |title=Doctor Who: The Complete History: The Deadly Assassin - The Face of Evil - The Robots of Death - The Talons of Weng-Chiang |date=9 March 2016 |publisher=[[Hachette Partworks]], [[Panini Publishing]] |issn=2057-6048}}</ref> Holmes similarly introduced many concepts relating to the Time Lords in this serial. He introduced [[Rassilon]], who usurped the character Omega as being a mystic, founding figure in Time Lord society, and introduced the concept of the Matrix as an information repository for the species. Holmes laid out that regeneration could only be performed twelve times, and also named the Time Lords' home planet, Gallifrey, which had been name-dropped previously in Holmes' 1973-1974 serial ''[[The Time Warrior]]''.<ref name=":42" /> Gallifrey was originally known as "Galfrey", with an extra syllable added during production.<ref name=":5" />
In ''The War Games,'' the Time Lords had instead worn simple black and white robes for their costumes.<ref name=":3" /> For ''The Deadly Assassin'', the Time Lords instead wore ceremonial robes with large collars,<ref name=":3" /> with the collars designed by designer James Acheson.<ref name=":42" /> These new costumes from ''The Deadly Assassin'' would be retained and re-used in the Time Lords' subsequent appearances in the series, with many aspects of the design, notably the collar, being adapted into other Time Lord imagery throughout the series.<ref name=":122">{{Cite book |last=Britton |first=Piers D. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Design_for_Doctor_Who/-0IZEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=new+paradigm+dalek&pg=PA158&printsec=frontcover |title=Design for Doctor Who: Vision and Revision in Science Fiction Television |date=2021-05-20 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-350-11683-2 |language=en}}</ref> A symbol that had featured in the 1975 serial ''[[Revenge of the Cybermen]]'' was re-used and became a symbol associated visually with the Time Lords as the "Seal of Rassilon."<ref name=":42" />
The return to Gallifrey in 1978 serial ''[[The Invasion of Time]]'' was done due to producer [[Graham Williams (television producer)|Graham Williams]] wanting to see more of the environment established in ''The Deadly Assassin''. This was also done due to the team being able to cheaply re-use costumes and set pieces from ''The Deadly Assassin''. The serial sought to explore the idea that not all Gallifreyans were Time Lords, and wanted to take a deeper look at those who did not become Time Lords. ''The Invasion of Time'' also saw the return of Borusa, who was previously in a smaller role in ''The Deadly Assassin'' but was now promoted to a higher rank in Time Lord society.<ref name=":43">{{Cite book |last=Ainsworth |first=John |title=Doctor Who: The Complete History: Underworld - The Invasion of Time - The Ribos Operation |date=23 August 2017 |publisher=[[Hachette Partworks]], [[Panini Publishing]] |issn=2057-6048}}</ref> Due to frequent appearances by the Time Lords during the 1970s, the [[Guardians (Doctor Who)|Guardians]] were created to fulfill a role as god-like beings in the [[Doctor Who season 16|sixteenth season]] of the show. The only Time Lords to feature over the next season barring the Doctor were the Doctor's new companion [[Romana (Doctor Who)|Romana]], a Time Lady designed as a "perfect foil" to the Doctor's character due to her acting more like traditional Time Lords, and another Time Lord named Drax who appeared in the 1979 serial ''[[The Armageddon Factor]]'' as a supporting character.<ref name=":43" />
The subsequent return to Gallifrey in 1983's ''[[Arc of Infinity]]'' was done to celebrate the show's twentieth anniversary, with the serial bringing back many past Time Lord characters such as Borusa and Omega.<ref name=":33">{{Cite book |last=Ainsworth |first=John |title=Doctor Who: The Complete History: Arc of Infinity - Snakedance - Mawdryn Undead |date=22 February 2017 |publisher=Hachette Partworks, Panini Publishing |issn=2057-6048}}</ref> Subsequently, the show's twentieth anniversary special, "[[The Five Doctors]]", saw a further re-appearance by the Time Lords, with Dicks incorporating Borusa into the role of main antagonist to subvert audience expectations that the Master was behind the episode's events; Rassilon was also incorporated into the narrative. Several Time Lord characters were also re-used from ''[[Arc of Infinity]]''.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Ainsworth |first=John |title=Doctor Who: The Complete History: Terminus – Enlightenment – The King's Demons – The Five Doctors |date=18 October 2017 |publisher=Hachette Partworks, Panini Publishing. |issn=2057-6048}}</ref>
The Time Lords putting the Doctor on trial in 1986's ''[[The Trial of a Time Lord]]'' was done symbolically; ''Doctor Who'' was not doing well at the time, and the show was struggling to continue. The trial was representative of how the show was "on trial for its life", and also served to reference ''The War Games'' in how the Doctor was tried for interfering with the affairs of the universe. Several new Time Lord characters were introduced, such as [[the Valeyard]], a villainous incarnation of the Doctor, and the Inquisitor, who presides over the trial.<ref name=":62">{{Cite book |last=Ainsworth |first=John |title=Doctor Who: The Complete History: The Trial of a Time Lord |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Hachette Partworks, Panini Publishing. |issn=2057-6048}}</ref>
A planned expansion to the lore of the Time Lords was the introduction of a being known as "[[The Other (Doctor Who)|the Other]]", a mysterious mythic figure from the Time Lords' past that was a founding figure of Time Lord society alongside Rassilon and Omega. The Other would be revealed as the Doctor. Dubbed the [[Cartmel Masterplan]] after then-script editor [[Andrew Cartmel]], hints were dropped toward the Doctor's true identity in the last two seasons of the Classic era, though these ideas would not be enacted upon due to the show's cancelation. Several of these ideas would be used as a baseline for the [[Virgin New Adventures]] tie-in novel range, most notably in the 1997 novel ''[[Lungbarrow]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnston |first=Rich |date=March 2, 2020 |title=The Cartmel Masterplan is Now the Chibnall Masterplan – 19 Questions (And Some Answers) From Doctor Who Finale |url=https://bleedingcool.com/tv/cartmel-masterplanchibnall-masterplan-questions-answers-doctor-who-finale/ |access-date=August 3, 2025 |website=Bleeding Cool}}</ref> Another concept planned for a cancelled series of the show was in the planned serial ''Ice Time'', which would have seen a return of the [[Ice Warrior|Ice Warriors]]. The Doctor would have tried to enroll his companion [[Ace (Doctor Who)|Ace]] in a Time Lord academy in order to "shake Time Lord society out of its [[lethargy]]", with Ace being judged for inclusion by Time Lords.<ref name=":44">{{Cite book |last=Ainsworth |first=John |title=Doctor Who: The Complete History: Ghost Light - The Curse of Fenric - Survival |date=18 April 2018 |publisher=Hachette Partworks, Panini Publishing.}}</ref>
=== Revived series ===
[[File:Dr Who Gallifrey (14392611581).jpg|thumb|A scene from "The Day of the Doctor" depicting Time Lords in a [[war room]], on display at the ''[[Doctor Who Experience|Doctor Who]]'' [[Doctor Who Experience|Experience]]. ]]
When the show was revived following its cancellation in 1989, then-showrunner [[Russell T Davies]] decided to kill the Time Lords in a large conflict known as the Time War, which removed both them and the [[Dalek|Daleks]] as established forces in the universe. Davies found the Time Lords boring, and even with rewrites to make them more human, he felt that their execution would have de-valued the narrative impact of the Time War. Davies also wished to make the Time Lords more mythological figures, wanting to distance them from being "figures of continuity".<ref name=":5" /> Davies envisioned the War as being a conflict so horrible that the dead were brought back to life constantly, allowing him to bring back figures like Rassilon who were previously thought dead.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=T Davies |first=Russell |title=Doctor Who: The Writer's Tale: The Final Chapter |last2=Cook |first2=Benjamin |date=March 10, 2010 |publisher=Random House UK |isbn=978-1846078613}}</ref> The Doctor would experience [[survivor guilt]] as a result of surviving the war, and the war would greatly affect the series' universe going forward.<ref name=":34">{{Cite book |last=Ainsworth |first=John |title=Doctor Who: The Complete History: Rose - The End of the World - The Unquiet Dead |date=10 February 2016 |publisher=Hachette Partworks, Panini Publishing}}</ref> For the Time Lords' eventual return in "[[The End of Time (Doctor Who)|The End of Time]]" (2009-2010), Davies decided to characterise them as being corrupt figures who had evolved into monsters during the course of the war, justifying why the Doctor would have to stop their return and why he had to end the war by destroying both sides.<ref name=":7" />
The return of the Time Lords in "[[The Day of the Doctor]]" (2013) was done by then-showrunner [[Steven Moffat]], who wanted to write a special episode for the show's fiftieth anniversary that was narratively important to the Doctor's character. Wanting it to focus on a pivotal day in the Doctor's life, Moffat chose to write about the Time War, Gallifrey, and the Time Lords, and their impact on the Doctor's character, with the Doctor's saving of the Time Lords allowing the character to move on from their guilt from the war. This would eventually result in a plot thread in which the Doctor began to seek out Gallifrey following the events of this episode.<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last=Ainsworth |first=John |title=Doctor Who: The Complete History: The Day of the Doctor - The Time of the Doctor |date=13 January 2016 |publisher=Hachette Partworks, Panini Publishing}}</ref> Moffat eventually had the Doctor return to Gallifrey in "[[Hell Bent (Doctor Who)|Hell Bent]]" (2015), a story which showed the Doctor at their lowest point. The story would depict not only the return of Rassilon and a character called the General, who had previously appeared in "The Day of the Doctor", but also saw an expansion on elements of the Time Lord lore, such as with the introduction of a ___location known as the Cloisters, a place below the Capitol that was considered dangerous by other Time Lords.<ref name=":64">{{Cite book |last=Ainsworth |first=John |title=Doctor Who: The Complete History: Hell Bent - The Husbands of River Song |date=19 September 2018 |publisher=Hachette Partworks, Panini Publishing. |issn=2057-6048}}</ref>
== Reception and analysis ==
=== Reception ===
The initial decision to not make the Time Lords god-like beings in ''The Deadly Assassin'' was controversial among fans of the series at the time, as they did not like the changes made to the Time Lords established nature. The serial would retroactively be considered one of the show's best, however.<ref name=":3" /> The book ''Who Is The Doctor 2: The Unofficial Guide to Doctor Who — The Modern Series'' stated that despite the Time Lords' mythic status within the show, the consistent returns to the planet featured mundane presentation, which the book stated provided Time Lord stories with "diminishing returns".<ref name=":5" /> Literary critic [[John Kenneth Muir]] stated in the book ''A Critical History of Doctor Who on Television'' that by the end of the series, the Time Lords had become the show's biggest villains, more evil than other antagonists due to the hypocrisy of their actions. He stated that while the Time Lords wouldn't be revisited again in the Classic series following the revelation of their villainy, he believed there wasn't much room left for their characters to progress, stating "Where can you go after exposing the super race as bunch of lying, conspiratorial hypocrites?".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Muir |first=John Kenneth |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Critical_History_of_Doctor_Who_on_Tele/qMKSCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22The+Valeyard%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA366&printsec=frontcover |title=A Critical History of Doctor Who on Television |date=2015-09-15 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-0454-1 |language=ar}}</ref>
Writing for ''[[Radio Times]]'', Olivia Garrett positively highlighted the decision to kill the Time Lords for the series' revival, as it allowed for the Doctor to be expanded as a character.<ref>{{Cite web |title=8 essential changes Russell T Davies made when rebooting Doctor Who {{!}} Radio Times |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-russell-t-davies-changes-reboot/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=www.radiotimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adi Tantimedh, writing for ''[[Bleeding Cool]]'', similarly stated that the Time Lords' demise allowed for the Doctor to develop into a "mythic" figure on their own, while also allowing for new viewers to jump onto the show without needing to be familiar with the Time Lords' lore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Comments |first=Adi Tantimedh {{!}} |date=2024-05-13 |title=Doctor Who: How The Last Time Lord & Timeless Child Add New Layers |url=https://bleedingcool.com/tv/doctor-who-how-the-last-time-lord-timeless-child-add-new-layers/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=bleedingcool.com |language=en}}</ref> ''Who Is The Doctor 2: The Unofficial Guide to Doctor Who — The Modern Series'' stated that the decision allowed the Time Lords to never disappoint audiences when they returned due to their lack of heavy involvement in the series' narrative, and that their in-universe disappearance allowed for the Doctor to gain additional emotional sympathy from the audience.<ref name=":5" /> Steven Cooper, writing for ''[[Slant Magazine]]'', praised the decision to retcon the Doctor's decision to destroy the Time Lords be to also save the universe from them, as it provided greater narrative weight to the Doctor's actions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Steven |date=2010-01-05 |title=Doctor Who Specials Recap: "The End of Time, Part Two" |url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/tv/doctor-who-specials-the-end-of-time-part-two/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Slant Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Lewis Knight, writing for ''Radio Times'', believed the Time Lords should be brought back permanently, as the Time Lords' continued presence in the universe allowed for a greater exploration of the dynamic between them and the Doctor, as well as of Time Lord culture as a whole.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Doctor Who finally needs to bring back the Time Lords for good {{!}} Radio Times |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-time-lords-bring-back-good-comment/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=www.radiotimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>
=== Analysis ===
The book ''Once Upon a Time Lord: The Myths and Stories of Doctor Who'' discussed how the depiction of the Time Lords in ''Doctor Who'' media emphasised how [[Romanticism|Romantic]] ideas of traditional society could be warped and distorted, as despite the Time Lords maintaining a vow of non-intervention, they are shown to be a cruel and despotic race not dissimilar from the warmongering Daleks in their actions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Phillips |first=Ivan |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Once_Upon_a_Time_Lord/pbnIDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Time+Lord%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA156&printsec=frontcover |title=Once Upon a Time Lord: The Myths and Stories of Doctor Who |date=2020-02-20 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-78831-645-3 |language=en}}</ref> The book ''Academia and Higher Learning in Popular Culture'' stated that the Time Lords have a close association between the academy and their teachings of non-interference; these allusions are shown to illustrate how the Time Lords view themselves as being intellectually superior to other races, and how they look down on those below them.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mills |first=Catriona |title=Academia and Higher Learning in Popular Culture |date=25 July 2023 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-031-32350-8 |chapter=“I Am a Doctor of Many Things”: Tracking the Doctor’s Relationship to the Academy Across Doctor Who}}</ref> The paper ''Doctor Who and Race: Reflections on the Change of Britain’s Status in the International System'' stated that the destruction of the Time Lords allowed for the Doctor to be symbolic of how class warfare evolved over time, as the Doctor no longer represented an "upper-class Englishman" during the show's revival as they had during the Classic era, with the rest of the Time Lords they opposed being characterised as destructive and power hungry individuals. Similarly, the Fifth Doctor's clashes with Gallifreyan society in the Classic series were considered symbolic of class struggles at the time of those episodes' airings.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gupta |first=Amit |date=2013 |title=Doctor Who and Race: Reflections on the Change of Britain’s Status in the International System |journal=The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs and Policy Studies |volume=102 |issue=1 |pages=41-50 |via=Taylor & Francis}}</ref>
The book ''Design for Doctor Who: Vision and Revision in Science Fiction Television'' analysed the usage of the Time Lords' ceremonial robes and collars in their iconography; it stated that while the costumes had proven to be cumbersome and not be taken as seriously by modern day audiences, they still continued to be retained due to their importance in the visual identity of the Time Lords, which the book stated helped unify the classic and revived series through this shared element.<ref name=":122" /> The paper ''"Gallifrey Falls No More: Doctor Who's Ontology of Time"'' analysed the Time Lords' role in maintaining time in the ''Doctor Who'' universe, as well as their relation to [[Eternalism (philosophy of time)|eternalism]]. Comparing their role as "gods" of time in the series to how eternalism treats all of time equally, the paper stated that the ability for the universe to be changed without the Time Lords' presence showed how all points in time were already set in stone, and thus the show's depiction of time fell within an eternalist perspective.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Decker |first=Kevin S. |date=2019 |title=Gallifrey Falls No More: Doctor Who?s Ontology of Time |url=https://philpapers.org/rec/DECGFN |journal=Journal of Science Fiction and Philosophy |volume=2 |pages=1–21}}</ref> A paper by the ''[[Scientific American]]'' analysed how the Time Lords' two hearts could work in real life.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marvit |first=Amelia |title=Doctor Who’s Time Lords Have Two Hearts. Here’s How Their Dual Cardiac System Could Work |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/doctor-whos-time-lords-have-two-hearts-heres-how-their-dual-cardiac-system/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Scientific American |language=en}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last=Donaghy |first=Craig |date=2014 |title=Doctor Who: How to Be a Time Lord: Official Guide |___location=London |publisher=BBC Children's Books |isbn=978-0-723-29436-8 }}
*{{cite book | first=Lance | last=Parkin | author-link=Lance Parkin | editor=Additional material by [[Lars Pearson]] | year=2006 | title=AHistory: An Unauthorised History of the Doctor Who Universe | publisher=Mad Norwegian Press | ___location=Des Moines | isbn=0-9725959-9-6}}
{{refend}}
==External links==
{{TardisIndexFile}}
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{{Doctor Who}}
{{Doctor Who characters|selected=Villains}}
[[Category:Time Lords| ]]
[[Category:Fictional civilizations]]
[[Category:Fictional endangered and extinct species]]
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