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{{Stampante
'''''Artemis Fowl: The Time Paradox''''' is the sixth book in the series [[Artemis Fowl (series)|Artemis Fowl]] by Irish writer [[Eoin Colfer]]. It was released in the U.S. on 5 July 2008, and on 7 August in the U.K.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artemisfowl.co.uk |title=Welcome to Artemis Fowl |publisher=Artemisfowl.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2009-05-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.penguin.co.uk/nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,9780141383330,00.html|title=Artemis Fowl and the Time Paradox at Puffin Books|accessdate=August 23, 2008}}</ref> In Colfer's video blogs, he mentions the book, saying it may not be the last, but the last one for at least 2 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eoincolfer.com/news/uncategorized/v4/25/ |title=v4 at eoincolfer.com |publisher=Eoincolfer.com |date=2007-08-07 |accessdate=2009-05-12}}</ref>
| presentazione = March 1, 1985
| dismissione = February 1, 1988
| processore = [[Motorola 68000]]
| frequenza = 12 MHz
| ramminima = 1.5 MB
| rammassima = 1.5 MB
| slot = 1
| rom = 512 kB
| porte = [[Serial port|Serial]], [[LocalTalk]]
| tipo = [[Laser printer|Laser]]
| colori = 1
| dpi = 300
| velocità = 8 Pages Per Minute
| potenza = 760 Watts
| peso = 77 lb
| dimensione = (H × W × D) 11.5 × 18.5 × 16.2 in
}}
 
La '''LaserWriter''' è stata una [[stampante laser]] che utilizzava come [[linguaggio di descrizione di pagina]] il [[PostScript]] immessa sul mercato dalla [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] nel [[1985]]. È stata una delle prime stampanti laser disponibili sul mercato. Assieme al programma [[Adobe PageMaker|PageMaker]], la LaserWriter ha avuto un ruolo fondamentale nell'avvio della rivoluzione del [[desktop publishing]]<ref name="tucker">{{en}}H. A. Tucker:''[http://books.google.com/books?id=YlmafkntEqIC&pg=PA296 Desktop Publishing.]'' In: Maurice M. de Ruiter: ''Advances in Computer Graphics III.'' Springer, 1988, ISBN 3-540-18788-X, P. 296.</ref><ref name="spring">{{en}}Michael B. Spring: ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=_MV46vFUrI4C&pg=PA46 Electronic printing and publishing: the document processing revolution.]'' CRC Press, 1991, ISBN 0-8247-8544-4, Page 46.</ref>. La stampante era progettata per essere utilizzata in congiunzione con un Macintosh; Apple non ha mai rilasciato driver per altri computer.
==Plot==
 
==Storia==
Angeline Fowl, Artemis Fowl's mother contracts a debilitating disease, which [[Artemis Fowl II|Artemis]] can not heal, but can and does make worse, with magic. Artemis desperately contacts Captain [[Holly Short]] and [[List of Artemis Fowl characters#N|N˚1]], in hopes that they will be able to shed some new light on his mother's condition. They determine Angeline is suffering from Spelltropy, a [[Fairy (Artemis Fowl)|fairy]] disease that is spread through the use of magic, and can only be cured by the brain fluid of the [[silky sifaka]] [[lemur]] of [[Madagascar]]. Unfortunately, the lemur is extinct, due to a ruthless deal Artemis made almost 8 years ago with a group called the Extinctionists. Foaly tells him that his mother will die without the cure. Artemis pleads for N˚1 to open up the time stream, allowing him to save the lemur, and thus his mother. Foaly argues against the idea, but due to Artemis' lying to Holly, saying that she infected Angeline with Spelltropy, Holly agrees to help Artemis immediately to make up for it, and Foaly had to give in.
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Artemis Fowl Time Paradox Cover US Version.jpg|left|thumb|150px|[[United States|US]] cover, first edition.|{{ifdc|1=Artemis Fowl Time Paradox Cover US Version.jpg|log=2009 July 23}}]] -->
 
===Sviluppo della stampa laser===
They arrive nearly eight years earlier in Angeline's bedroom. The time stream causes Artemis to age and become much hairier while Holly is physically reduced to an adolescent. Artemis assures Holly that the past Butler will quietly slip the lemur into the room (to avoid Angeline seeing it) and that they will simply be able to leave. Butler however, does not act according to Artemis' predictions. He tranquilizes the two, and locks them in the trunk of the Fowl Bentley. Artemis and Holly escape with the help of Mulch Diggums, a kleptomaniac dwarf who has partnered up with Artemis in the future. After following his younger self to an animal park to retrieve the lemur, Artemis breaks into the wrong cage and is attacked by a gorilla, and Holly is forced into action. She heals his wounds with magic, and in a giddy haze of relief after realizing he almost died, kisses him. They save the lemur from Rathdown Park, but are forced at gunpoint to release it to young Artemis. While hurrying to the shuttleport in Tara, a guilty Artemis confesses his lie to Holly, who is outraged. They commandeer a shuttle and fly it to Morocco, where the younger Artemis will trade the lemur to the Extinctionists for a hundred thousand euros. The money will go to an Arctic expedition, to help Artemis find his missing father.
 
L'inizio dello sviluppo della stampa laser risale al [[1969]] ed al lavoro di [[Gary Starkweather]] alla [[Xerox]], che portò alla produzione della Xerox 9700 nel [[1977]]<ref>{{en}}{{cita web|http://www.digibarn.com/collections/printers/xerox-9700/stories.html|Personal Recollections of the Xerox 9700 Electronic Printing System|30-05-2013}}</ref>. Parallelamente, l'[[IBM]] portò avanti la ricerca nel settore, arrivando nel [[1976]] all'elaborazione del sistema IBM 3800<ref name=e>{{en}}Benji Edwards: ''[http://www.macworld.com/article/144880/2009/12/five_important_printers.htmlApple's Five Most Important Printers.]'' macworld.com, December 10, 2009.</ref>.
Instead of capturing the lemur, Holly is captured herself, and sold by the younger Artemis to the Extinctionists, who plan to execute her. Older Artemis races to the rescue, but falls in the execution pit himself. There he discovers that the "flames" are holograms, and meets his old nemesis Opal Koboi, who has put the mesmer on the leader of the Extinctionists to help her collect rare species for her research. Artemis escapes, finds Holly, and flies back to Fowl Manor to return to the future. However Opal follows them into the time stream, escaping into the future. She takes over Angeline's body and pretends that she was Artemis' mother, but reveals herself when Artemis is about to inject the Spelltropy cure into her system.
 
Intorno alla metà degli [[anni 70]] anche la Canon cominciò ad investire sulla produzione di stampanti laser, avviando una partnership con la [[Hewlett-Packard]]; così, dieci anni dopo, fu prodotta la HP 2680<ref name=j>{{en}}Jim Hall,[http://www.hparchive.com/seminar_notes/HP_LaserJet_The%20Early%20History_by_Jim_Hall_110512.pdf "HP LaserJet – The Early History"]</ref>. Il primo modello desktop di stampante laser fu introdotto dalla HP nel 1983 e lanciato sul mercato al prezzo di 12800 [[$]], ma le vendite furono pochissime<ref name=j/>. Sempre nel [[1983]] la [[Canon]] mise a punto la LPB-CX, una stampante laser dotata di un [[diodo laser]] che stampava con una risoluzione di 300dpi<ref>{{en}}{{cite web|url=http://www.fixyourownprinter.com/reference/pcr/engine/1311 |title=Canon LBP-CX Engine |publisher=fixyourownprinter.com |date= |accessdate=2009-09-23}}</ref>. Nel [[1984]] la HP lanciò sul mercato la prima stampante laser commerciale basata sulla LBP-CX: la [[HP LaserJet]]<ref name=e />.
As Koboi gloats, Artemis reveals that he is in fact the Artemis from the past. The older Artemis then returns to the future to find young Artemis, Holly and N˚1 trapped and Butler mesmerized. When Butler is ordered by Koboi to take out the younger Artemis, he fights Koboi's mesmer and has a heart attack, but is revived by Artemis with a [[defibrillator]]. The older Artemis finds the real Opal and tranquilizes her. Opal recovers quickly and flees; however, realizing that Artemis and his forces have been significantly weakened in the battle, she returns. Artemis takes the lemur and flies away from the Manor grounds in a plane, luring Opal away. In the ensuing chase, Opal exhibits the astonishing strength she has won in her research on endangered animals, pulverizing entire sections of the plane with her fists, and eventually forcing Artemis to crash land on the coastline, breaking his collarbone in the process. Artemis escapes from the wreckage of the plane and runs to the shore, ascending a rope bridge and crossing over two large boulders. Opal relentlessly pursues him, eventually obtaining the lemur, only to discover that it's not actually a lemur, but Artemis' little brother's play-thing, Professor Primate. Artemis shoots the boulder which Opal is standing on and reveals it to be the shell of a [[kraken]] that was unknown to anyone except Artemis himself. The shell explodes and Opal is buried beneath the rubble. When a [[Lower Elements Police]] team search for her, they find she has disappeared. Artemis debriefs the others and finds that his mother knows everything that happened to her. The 10-year-old Artemis has his mind wiped and is sent back in time by N˚1, but retains an interest in fairies that will set the events of the series in motion, creating a circular timeline, or 'time paradox'.
 
===Lo sviluppo in casa Apple===
==Critical reception==
The Artemis Fowl Series rose from ninth to second in the children's book section of the ''New York Times ''bestselling list, and remained there for some time after it achieved the place on the week of the US release.<ref name="NYTimes">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/10/books/bestseller/0810bestchildren.html?_r=4&oref=slogin&oref=slogin&oref=slogin&oref=slogin|title=New York Times Bestseller List (August 10)|work=Artemis Fowl: The Time Paradox|accessdate=2008-08-10 | date=2008-08-10}}</ref>
 
Steve Jobs vide la LPB-CX mentre trattava per delle forniture di [[floppy disk]] da 3.5" per l'[[Apple Macintosh]]. Nel frattempo [[John Warnock]] aveva lasciato la [[Xerox]] per fondare la [[Adobe (azienda)|Adobe]] e mettere in commercio una stampante laser basata sul [[PostScript]]. Jobs era al corrente del lavoro di Warnock e riuscì a trattare con lui ed ottenere la licenza d'uso del [[PostScript]] dalla [[Adobe]] per produrre una stampante laser in casa Apple. Le trattative tra Apple ed Adobe si conclusero nel [[dicembre]] [[1983]], appena un mese prima che venisse annunciata l'uscita del [[Macintosh]]. Steve Jobs alla fine fece comprare alla Apple 2.5 milioni di [[dollaro|dollari]] di azioni della [[Adobe]].
Stuart Kelly commented, "Why Harry Potter became a phenomenon while Artemis Fowl only remains a huge sensation is a conundrum for future ages to ponder... Colfer doesn't handle time-travel, he revels in it."<ref name="Scotsman">{{cite web|url=http://living.scotsman.com/books/Book-review-Artemis-Fowl-and.4350748.jp|title=Book review: Artemis Fowl and the Time Paradox by Eoin Colfer|accessdate=29 November 2009}}</ref>
 
===Rilascio===
VOYA remarked, "Colfer delivers another great story filled with action, drama, and clever plot twists that will please new readers as well as series fans. What sets this series apart, however, is its ability to rise above predictability. The characters change and grow more complex with each book... This combination of ingenious plot and authentic characters who evolve over time is a pleasure to read and leaves readers begging for more."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://search.barnesandnoble.com/Artemis-Fowl/Eoin-Colfer/e/9781423108368 |title=Artemis Fowl, Artemis Fowl Series, Eoin Colfer, Book - Barnes & Noble |publisher=Search.barnesandnoble.com |date=1965-05-14 |accessdate=2009-05-12}}</ref> There is also a special limited paperback edition with a bonus section telling of Holly's life before the events of the 'Time Paradox'.
 
Il rilascio della LaserWriter fu annunciato all'incontro annuale degli azionisti Apple il [[23 gennaio]] [[1985]]<ref name="bart-1985">{{en}}Jim Bartimo, Michael McCarthy:[http://books.google.com/books?id=7S4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA15 "Is Apple's LaserWriter on Target?"], ''InfoWorld'', Volume 7 Issue 6 (11 February 1985), pp. 15-18.</ref>, lo stesso giorno in cui Aldus rivelò [[PageMaker]]<ref>{{en}}''Aldus Announces Desktop Publishing System ...'' BusinessWire, January 23, 1985.</ref>.
==References==
 
<!-- This article uses [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]]. Please use this format in the article text when inserting references. Any external link inserted directly into this section will be swiftly deleted. -->
Le vendite iniziarono nel [[marzo]] [[1985]]<ref>[http://www.macworld.co.uk/mac/news/index.cfm?newsid=24596 Macintosh Timeline]</ref> al prezzo di 6.995 [[dollaro|dollari]], molto più alto rispetto al modello della [[HP]]. Comunque, la LaserWriter aveva una peculiarità: il supporto [[AppleTalk]], che permetteva di condividere la stampante con ben sedici Mac.
 
==Caratteristiche==
 
===Hardware===
PostScript is a complete [[programming language]] that has to be run in a suitable [[interpreter]] and then sent to a software rasterizer program, all inside the printer. To support this, the LaserWriter featured a [[Motorola 68000]] [[central processing unit|CPU]] running at 12&nbsp;[[Megahertz|MHz]], 512&nbsp;kB of workspace [[RAM]], and a 1&nbsp;MB frame buffer.<ref>[http://support.apple.com/kb/sp472 "LaserWriter: Technical Specifications"], Apple</ref> At introduction, the LaserWriter had the most processing power in Apple’s product line&mdash;more than the 8&nbsp;MHz Macintosh. As a result, the LaserWriter was also one of Apple's most expensive offerings.
 
===Networking===
Since the cost of a LaserWriter was several times that of a [[dot-matrix]] impact printer, some means to share the printer with several Macs was desired. [[Local area network|LANs]] were complex and expensive, so Apple developed its own networking scheme, [[LocalTalk]]. Based on the [[AppleTalk]] [[protocol stack]], LocalTalk connected the LaserWriter to the Mac over an [[RS-422]] serial port. At 230.4 [[kilobit|kbit]]/[[second|s]] LocalTalk was slower than the Centronics PC parallel interface, but allowed several computers to share a single LaserWriter. PostScript enabled the LaserWriter to print complex pages containing high-resolution [[Raster graphics|bitmap graphics]], [[outline font]]s, and vector illustrations. The LaserWriter could print more complex layouts than the HP [[Laserjet]] and other non-Postscript printers. Paired with the program [[Aldus PageMaker]], the LaserWriter gave the layout editor an exact replica of the printed page. The LaserWriter offered a generally faithful proofing tool for preparing documents for quantity publication, and could print smaller quantities directly. The Mac platform quickly gained the favor of the emerging desktop-publishing industry, a market in which the Mac is still important.<ref>http://www.businessweek.com/technology/ByteOfTheApple/blog/archives/2009/04/cnbc_on_the_mac_vs_pc_fight.html</ref>
 
===Design===
The LaserWriter was the first major printer designed by Apple to use the new [[Snow White design language]] created by [[Frogdesign]]. It also continued a departure from the beige color that characterized the Apple and Macintosh products to that time by using the same brighter, creamy off-white color first introduced with the [[Apple IIc]] and [[Apple Scribe Printer]] 8 months earlier. In that regard it and its successors stood out among all of Apple’s Macintosh product offerings until 1987, when Apple adopted a unifying warm gray color they called Platinum across its entire product line, which was to last for over a decade.
 
The LaserWriter was also the first peripheral to use the [[LocalTalk]] connector and Apple’s unified round AppleTalk Connector Family, which allowed any variety of mechanical networking systems to be plugged into the ports on the computers or printers. A common solution was the 3rd party [[PhoneNet]] which used conventional telephone cables for networking.
 
==Modelli==
 
La prima LaserWriter prodotta ebbe un notevole successo e così la Apple decide di produrne nuovi modelli, con risoluzione maggiore ed addirittura in grado di stampare a colori.
 
Nel [[1988]] uscirono nuovi modelli di LaserWriter:
* Laser Writer II SC: sviluppata per essere più economica dei precedenti modelli. Significativo infatti è l'abbandono dell'interprete [[PostScript]] per l'interprete [[QuickDraw]] che essendo di proprietà Apple non richiedeva il pagamento di licenze ;
* LaserWriter II NT: il processore scelto è il [[Motorola 68030]], l'interprete [[PostScript]] passa alla versione 2 e viene incluso l'interprete PCL 4+ per facilitare l'interoperabilità con le macchine non [[Macintosh]];
* LaserWriter II NTX: dotata di un processore a 32 bit come il[[Motorola 68020]] in modo da poter elaborare più agevolmente i comandi degli interpreti [[PostScript]] e LaserJet forniti con la stampante;
* LaserWriter IIg: è dotata del più veloce processore disponibile allora ([[1991]]), dei migliori interpreti di pagina ef è il modello che supporta più RAM, 32 MByte al massimo della espansione.;
* LaserWriter IIf.
 
== Note ==
{{reflist}}
 
{{Artemis Fowl}}
{{Apple printers}}
{{Apple hardware before 1998}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Laserwriter}}