Erythromycin/isotretinoin: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Topical gel}}

A topical gel thats active ingredients include [[erthyromycin]] 2% [[w/w]] and [[isotretinoin]] 0.05% [[w/w]] for the treatment of [[acne]]

{{Drugbox

| verifiedrevid = 447540026

<!--Combo data-->

| type = combo

| component1 = Erythromycin

| class1 = [[Macrolide]] [[antibiotic]]

| component2 = Isotretinoin

| class2 = [[Retinoid]]

<!--Clinical data-->

| tradename = Isotrexin

| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|UK|isotrexin-gel-spc-3886}}

| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->

| pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->

| pregnancy_category =

| legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled-->

| legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->

| legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM -->

| legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V -->

| legal_status =

| routes_of_administration = Topical gel

<!--Identifiers-->

| CAS_number = 527736-87-4

| ATCvet =

| ATC_prefix = D10

| ATC_suffix = AD54

| PubChem =

<!--Chemical data-->

}}

'''Erythromycin/isotretinoin''' (trade name '''Isotrexin''') is a [[Topical medication|topical]] gel with two active ingredients: [[erythromycin]] 2% [[w/w]] and [[isotretinoin]] 0.05% w/w with a primary indication for the treatment of moderate [[acne vulgaris]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/groups/spcpil/documents/spcpil/con1396241880421.pdf|title=Isotrexin Gel (isotretinoin 0.05%/erythromycin 2%)|date=|website=mhra.gov.uk|publisher=Stiefel Laboratories Ltd.|access-date=|archive-date=2017-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122155315/http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/groups/spcpil/documents/spcpil/con1396241880421.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | vauthors = Marshall H | date = 10 May 2017 |url=http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/skin-and-hair/a6936/isotrexin-gel-isotretinoin-erythromycin/|title=Isotrexin gel (isotretinoin, erythromycin) |website=Netdoctor|access-date=2016-05-10}}</ref>

Isotretinoin is a pharmaceutical derivative of [[retinoic acid]] (a metabolite of vitamin A). Its mechanism of action is believed to involve reduction in the amount of [[sebum]] produced by [[sebaceous gland]]s on the skin's surface.

Erythromycin is a [[Bacteriostatic agent|bacteriostatic]] [[macrolide]] antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, including the inhibition of bacteria linked with acne, such ''[[Cutibacterium acnes]]''. The mechanism of action is poorly understood.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Giannopoulos L, Papaparaskevas J, Refene E, Daikos G, Stavrianeas N, Tsakris A | title = MLST typing of antimicrobial-resistant Propionibacterium acnes isolates from patients with moderate to severe acne vulgaris | journal = Anaerobe | volume = 31 | pages = 50–54 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25451716 | doi = 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.10.007 | series = Special Issue: Antibiotic resistance of anaerobic bacteria }}</ref>

== Side effects ==

Erythromycin/isotretinoin may cause a number of [[side effect]]s, ranging from very common to rare. Most side effects affect the skin and have only a local effect to the place of application. Some of the side effects are related to [[Hypervitaminosis A|vitamin A toxicity]].<ref name=":0" />

{| class="wikitable"

!Very common (≥ 1/10)

!Common (≥ 1/100, < 1/10)

!Unknown frequency

|-

|Skin pain

|[[Dermatitis]]

|[[Allergy|Allergic reaction]]

|-

|Rash

|

|Facial swelling

|-

|[[Xeroderma]] (dry skin)

|

|[[Urticaria|Hives]]

|-

|[[Itch|Prunitis]] (skin itching)

|

|Abdominal pain

|-

|Skin burning sensation

|

|Diarrhea

|-

|[[Erythema|Erythematous]] (skin redness)

|

|Skin [[Photodermatitis|photosensitivity]]

|-

|Skin irritation

|

|Skin discoloration

|-

|Skin peeling or scaling

|

|

|}

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

{{Acne agents}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Erythromycin isotretinoin}}

[[Category:Anti-acne preparations]]

[[Category:Combination drugs]]

[[Category:Isotretinoin]]