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{{Short description|List of scientists who are Christians}}
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{{Dynamic list}}
This is a '''list of Christians in science and technology'''. People in this list should have their Christianity as relevant to their notable activities or public life, and who have publicly identified themselves as Christians or as of a Christian denomination.
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==Before the 18th century==
{{see also|List of medieval European scientists|Byzantine science|Scientific Revolution}}
[[File:Ildegarda Von Bingen.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Hildegard of Bingen]]]]
[[File:Robert Grosseteste.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Robert Grosseteste]]]]
[[File:Nicholas of Cusa.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Nicholas of Cusa]]]]
[[File:Otto Brunfels.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Otto Brunfels]]]]
[[File:Francis Bacon.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Francis Bacon]]]]
[[File:Nicolaus Copernicus 1855 (5857810) (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Nicolaus Copernicus]]]]
[[File:Niels stensen.png|thumb|100px|[[Nicolas Steno]]]]
[[File:Galileo Galilei.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Galileo Galilei]]]]
[[File:Blaise Pascal Versailles.JPG|thumb|100px|[[Blaise Pascal]]]]
[[File:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Bernhard Christoph Francke.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Gottfried Leibniz]]]]
[[File:Emanuel Swedenborg.PNG|thumb|100px|[[Emanuel Swedenborg]]]]
[[File:Robert Boyle.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Robert Boyle]]]]
[[File:Isaac Newton.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Isaac Newton]]]]
[[File:Johannes Kepler.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Johannes Kepler]]]]
[[File:Antoine lavoisier color.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Antoine Lavoisier]]]]
[[File:Alessandro Volta.jpeg|thumb|100px|[[Alessandro Volta]]]]
[[File:Ampere Andre 1825.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[André-Marie Ampère]]]]
[[File:Augustin-Louis_Cauchy_1901.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Augustin-Louis Cauchy]]]]
[[File:Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann.jpeg|thumb|100px|right|[[Bernhard Riemann]]]]
[[File:John Dalton by Charles Turner.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[John Dalton]]]]
[[File:Michael Faraday.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Michael Faraday]]]]
[[File:Charles Babbage - 1860.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Charles Babbage]]]]
[[File:Joseph Lister 1902.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Joseph Lister]]]]
[[File:James Clerk Maxwell.png|right|thumb|100 px|[[James Clerk Maxwell]]<ref name="MIT IAP Seminar">{{cite web |url=http://silas.psfc.mit.edu/maxwell |title=James Clerk Maxwell and the Christian Proposition |publisher=MIT IAP Seminar |access-date=13 October 2014 |archive-date=17 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117234846/http://silas.psfc.mit.edu/Maxwell/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
[[File:Baron Kelvin 1906.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Lord Kelvin]]]]
[[File:Joule James sitting.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[James Prescott Joule]]]]
[[File:John William Strutt.jpg|right|thumb|100 px| [[John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh|Lord Rayleigh]]]]
[[File:Osservatorio ximeniano, giuseppe mercalli sul vesuvio.JPG|right|thumb|100 px|[[Giuseppe Mercalli]]]]
[[File:Roentgen2.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Wilhelm Röntgen]]]]
[[File:Louis Pasteur by Pierre Lamy Petit.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Louis Pasteur]]]]
[[File:Gregor Mendel.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Gregor Mendel]]]]
[[File:Alexis Carrel.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Alexis Carrel]]]]
[[File:J.J Thomson.jpg|thumb|100px|[[J. J. Thomson]]]]
[[File:Guglielmo Marconi.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Guglielmo Marconi]]]]
[[File:Max Born.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Max Born]]]]
[[File:Gerty Theresa Cori.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Gerty Cori]]]]
[[File:Emil Theodor Kocher.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Emil Theodor Kocher]]]]
[[File:Georg_Cantor_(Porträt).jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Georg Cantor]]]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild183-R57262,_Werner_Heisenberg.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Werner Heisenberg]]]]
[[File:Pascual Jordan 1920s.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Pascual Jordan]]]]
[[File:Phillipp Lenard in 1900.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Philipp Lenard]]]]
[[File:Arthur Compton 1927.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Arthur Compton]]]]
[[File:Robert Andrews Millikan.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Robert Andrews Millikan]]]]
[[File:Ernest Walton.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Ernest Walton]]]]
[[File:Karl Landsteiner nobel.jpg|100px|right|thumb|[[Karl Landsteiner]]]]
[[File:Lise Meitner (1878-1968), lecturing at Catholic University, Washington, D.C., 1946.jpg|right|100px|thumb|[[Lise Meitner]]]]
[[File:Artur Schawlow, Stanford University.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Arthur Leonard Schawlow]]]]
[[File:Kurt_gödel.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Kurt Gödel]]]]
[[File:Wernher von Braun.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Wernher von Braun]]]]
[[File:Antoninozichichi.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Antonino Zichichi]]]]
[[File:Father Jaki June 2007.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Stanley Jaki]]]]
[[File:Panel Discussion Close-up, Science, Faith, and Technology Cropped.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Rosalind Picard]]]]
[[File:johnpolkinghorne.jpg|thumb|100px|[[John Polkinghorne]]]]
[[File:Don Page (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Don Page (physicist)|Don Page]]]]
[[File:Robert_Wicks.0609.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Robert Wicks]]]]
[[File:Professor James Tour.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[James Tour]]]]
[[File:Colin Humphreys 2015 cropped.JPG|thumb|right|100px|[[Colin Humphreys]]]]
[[File:Dr._Martin_Nowak.jpg|100px|right|thumb|[[Martin Nowak]]]]
[[File:Francis Collins official portrait.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Francis Collins]]]]
[[File:Fred Brooks.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Fred Brooks]]]]
[[File:Werner Arber at Biozentrum, University of Basel (cropped).jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Werner Arber]]]]
[[File:Peter Agre.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Peter Agre]]]]
[[File:Prof Ertl-Portrait.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Gerhard Ertl]]]]
[[File:Brian Kobilka (649437151).jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Brian Kobilka]]]]
[[File:John Gurdon Cambridge 2012.JPG|thumb|right|100px|[[John Gurdon]]]]
[[File:Charles Hard Townes-Nibib-2007-retouched.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Charles Hard Townes]]]]
[[File:William D. Phillips.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[William D. Phillips]]]]
[[File:Peter Gruenberg 01.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Peter Grünberg]]]]
[[File:William C. Campbell 4983-1-2015.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[William C. Campbell (scientist)|William C. Campbell]]]]
[[File:JuanMaldacena.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Juan Maldacena]]]]
*[[Hildegard of Bingen]] (1098–1179): also known as Saint Hildegard and Sibyl of the Rhine, was a German Benedictine abbess. She is considered to be the founder of scientific natural history in Germany<ref>{{cite book|last=Jöckle|first=Clemens|title=Encyclopedia of Saints|year=2003|publisher=Konecky & Konecky|page=204}}</ref>
*[[Robert Grosseteste]] ({{circa|1175}}–1253): [[Bishop of Lincoln]], he was the central character of the English intellectual movement in the first half of the 13th century and is considered the founder of scientific thought in [[Oxford]]. He had a great interest in the natural world and wrote texts on the mathematical sciences of [[optics]], [[astronomy]] and [[geometry]]. He affirmed that experiments should be used in order to verify a theory, testing its consequences and added greatly to the development of the scientific method.<ref>A. C. Crombie, ''Robert Grosseteste and the Origins of Experimental Science 1100–1700'', (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971)</ref>
*[[Albertus Magnus]] ({{circa|1193}}–1280): [[patron saint]] of scientists in Catholicism who may have been the first to isolate [[arsenic]]. He wrote that: "Natural science does not consist in ratifying what others have said, but in seeking the causes of phenomena." Yet he rejected elements of Aristotelianism that conflicted with Catholicism and drew on his faith as well as Neo-Platonic ideas to "balance" "troubling" Aristotelian elements.<ref group=note>In 1252 he helped appoint Thomas Aquinas to a Dominican theological chair in Paris to lead the suppression of these dangerous ideas.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Lang |first=Helen S. |title=Aristotle's Physics and Its Medieval Varieties |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=1992 |isbn=0-7914-1083-8}} and {{cite book |last1=Goldstone |first1=Lawrence |last2=Goldstone |first2=Nancy |title=The Friar and the Cipher |url=https://archive.org/details/friarcipher00lawr |url-access=registration |publisher=Doubleday |year=2005 |isbn=0-7679-1472-4}}</ref>
*[[Jean Buridan]] (1300–1358): [[France|French]] philosopher and priest. One of his most significant contributions to science was the development of the [[theory of impetus]], that explained the movement of projectiles and objects in [[free-fall]]. This theory gave way to the [[dynamics (mechanics)|dynamics]] of [[Galileo Galilei]] and for [[Isaac Newton]]'s famous principle of [[inertia]].
*[[Albert of Saxony (philosopher)|Albert of Saxony]] (1320–1390): [[German people|German]] [[philosopher]] and [[mathematician]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Albert of Saxony - Biography |url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Albert/ |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=Maths History |language=en}}</ref> known for his contributions to [[logic]] and [[physics]]. He was [[bishop of Halberstadt]] from 1366 until his death.
*[[Nicole Oresme]] (c.1323–1382): Theologian and [[bishop of Lisieux]], he was one of the early founders and popularizers of modern sciences. One of his many scientific contributions is the discovery of the curvature of light through atmospheric [[refraction]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia |editor=Thomas F. Glick |editor2=Steven John Livesey |editor3=Faith Wallis |publisher=Routledge |year=2005 |isbn=0-415-96930-1}}</ref>
*[[Nicholas of Cusa]] (1401–1464): Catholic [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] and theologian who made contributions to the field of mathematics by developing the concepts of the infinitesimal and of relative motion. His philosophical speculations also anticipated [[Nicolaus Copernicus|Copernicus]]' [[Heliocentrism|heliocentric]] world-view.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Cusa.html|title=Cusa summary|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021123330/http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Cusa.html|archive-date=21 October 2014}}</ref>
*[[Otto Brunfels]] (1488–1534): A theologian and botanist from [[Mainz]], Germany. His ''Catalogi virorum illustrium'' is considered to be the first book on the history of evangelical sects that had broken away from the Catholic Church. In botany his ''Herbarum vivae icones'' helped earn him acclaim as one of the "fathers of botany".<ref>Meyers Konversationslexikon 1888–1889, Jahn, I. Geschichte der Biologie. Spektrum 2000, and
Mägdefrau, K. Geschichte der Botanik. Fischer 1992</ref>
*[[William Turner (naturalist)|William Turner]] (c.1508–1568): sometimes called the "father of English botany" and was also an ornithologist. He was arrested for preaching in favor of the Reformation. He later became a Dean of [[Wells Cathedral]], but was expelled for nonconformity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/turner_wil.html|title=The Galileo Project|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614002104/http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/turner_wil.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Ignazio Danti]] (1536–1586): As [[bishop of Alatri]] he convoked a diocesan synod to deal with abuses. He was also a mathematician who wrote on [[Euclid]], an astronomer, and a designer of mechanical devices.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Danti.html|title=Danti biography|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322101451/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Danti.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Christopher Clavius]] (1538–1612): [[Jesuit]] German mathematician, head of mathematicians at the ''[[Collegio Romano]]'', and astronomer who was a member of the Vatican commission that accepted the [[Gregorian calendar]]. Wrote one of the most influential astronomy textbooks of his time.
*[[John Napier]] (1550–1617): Scottish mathematician, physicist, and astronomer, best known as the discoverer of logarithms and inventor of Napier's bones. He was a fervent Protestant and published ''The Plaine Discovery of the Whole Revelation of St. John'' (1593), which he considered his most important work. The work occupies a prominent place in Scottish ecclesiastical history.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=John Napier |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |date= Sep 1, 2022 |last=Scott |first=Joseph Frederick |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Napier |access-date=October 8, 2022}}</ref>
*[[Francis Bacon]] (1561–1626): Considered among the fathers of empiricism and is credited with establishing the inductive method of experimental science via what is called the [[scientific method]] today.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Baconian System of Philosophy|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02192a.htm|publisher=Catholic Encyclopedia|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2022-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313022115/https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02192a.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gascoigne |first1=John |editor1-last=Cusack |editor1-first=Carole M. |editor2-last=Hartney |editor2-first=Christopher |title=Religion and Retributive Logic |date=2010 |publisher=Brill |___location=Leiden |isbn=978-90-474-4115-1 |pages=209–228 |chapter=The Religious Thought of Francis Bacon}}</ref>
*[[Galileo Galilei]] (1564–1642): Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician who played a major role in the [[Scientific Revolution]] during the Renaissance.<ref>Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina</ref><ref>Recantation (22 June 1633) as quoted in [http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/galileo/recantation.html ''The Crime of Galileo'' (1955) by Giorgio de Santillana, p. 312] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214011356/http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/galileo/recantation.html |date=2021-12-14 }}</ref>
*[[Laurentius Paulinus Gothus|Laurentius Gothus]] (1565–1646): A professor of astronomy and [[Archbishop of Uppsala]]. He wrote on astronomy and theology.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.astro.uu.se/history/gothus.html|title=Laurentius Paulinus Gothus (1565–1646)|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011327/http://www.astro.uu.se/history/gothus.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Johannes Kepler]] (1571–1630): Prominent astronomer of the Scientific Revolution, discovered [[Kepler's laws of planetary motion]].
*[[Pierre Gassendi]] (1592–1655): Catholic priest who tried to reconcile [[Atomism]] with Christianity. He also published the first work on the [[Transit of Mercury]] and corrected the geographical coordinates of the Mediterranean Sea.<ref>[http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/gassendi.html The Galileo Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031214418/http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/gassendi.html |date=2019-10-31 }} and [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/gassendi/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]</ref>
*[[Anton Maria Schyrleus of Rheita|Anton Maria of Rheita]] (1597–1660): [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchin]] astronomer. He dedicated one of his astronomy books to [[Jesus Christ]], a "theo-astronomy" work was dedicated to the [[Blessed Virgin Mary]], and he wondered if beings on other planets were "cursed by [[original sin]] like humans are."<ref>[http://cosmovisions.com/Rheita.htm Cosmovisions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708193700/http://cosmovisions.com/Rheita.htm |date=2011-07-08 }} and [http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/rheita.html The Galileo Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224152730/http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/rheita.html |date=2021-02-24 }} [http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/riccioli.html Rice University's Galileo Project]</ref>
*[[Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz|Juan Lobkowitz]] (1606–1682): [[Cistercian Order|Cistercian monk]] who did work on [[Combinatorics]] and published astronomy tables at age 10. He also did works of theology and sermons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Caramuel.html|title=Caramuel summary|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=28 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328182411/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/%7Ehistory/Mathematicians//Caramuel.html}}</ref>
*[[John Wallis]] (1616–1703): English clergyman and mathematician, partially credited for the development of infinitesimal calculus. Introduced the symbol ∞ to represent the concept of infinity. He also wrote on theology, logic, grammar, and philosophy.
*[[Seth Ward (bishop)|Seth Ward]] (1617–1689): Anglican [[Bishop of Salisbury]] and [[Savilian Chair of Astronomy]] from 1649 to 1661. He wrote ''Ismaelis Bullialdi astro-nomiae philolaicae fundamenta inquisitio brevis'' and ''Astronomia geometrica.'' He also had a theological/philosophical dispute with [[Thomas Hobbes]] and as a bishop was severe toward [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|nonconformists]].<ref>[http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/ward.html Galileo Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525062056/http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/ward.html |date=2021-05-25 }} and [https://web.archive.org/web/20040103083459/http://www.philosem.uni-hannover.de/downloads/wallisdivine.pdf University of Hanover's philosophy seminar]</ref>
*[[Blaise Pascal]] (1623–1662): [[Jansenism|Jansenist]] thinker;<ref group=note>Although Jansenism was a movement within Roman Catholicism, it was generally opposed by the Catholic hierarchy and was eventually condemned as heretical.</ref> well known for [[Pascal's law]] (physics), [[Pascal's theorem]] (math), [[Pascal's calculator]] (computing) and [[Pascal's Wager]] (theology).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Pascal.html|title=Pascal summary|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104194605/http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/%7Ehistory/Mathematicians/Pascal.html|archive-date=2015-01-04}}</ref>
* [[John Wilkins]], FRS (1614–1672) was an Anglican clergyman, natural philosopher and author, and was one of the founders of the Royal Society. He was Bishop of Chester from 1668 until his death.
*[[Francesco Redi]] (1626–1697): Italian physician and Roman Catholic who is remembered as the "father of modern parasitology".
*[[Robert Boyle]] (1627–1691): Prominent scientist and theologian who argued that the study of science could improve glorification of God.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1997/PSCF3-97Woodall.html|title=Robert Boyle|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=4 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204070453/http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1997/PSCF3-97Woodall.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/boyle/|title=Robert Boyle|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=8 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508225847/http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1997/PSCF3-97Woodall.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A strong Christian apologist, he is considered one of the most important figures in the history of Chemistry.
*[[Isaac Barrow]] (1630–1677): English theologian, scientist, and mathematician. He wrote ''Expositions of the Creed, The Lord's Prayer, Decalogue, and Sacraments'' and ''Lectiones Opticae et Geometricae.''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Barrow.html|title=Barrow summary|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=11 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711022438/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Barrow.html}}</ref>
*[[Francesco Lana de Terzi]] (1631–1687): Italian Jesuit priest, mathematician, naturalist and aeronautics pioneer. He first sketched the concept for a vacuum airship and has been referred to as the father of aeronautics for his pioneering efforts.
*[[Nicolas Steno]] (1638–1686): Lutheran convert to Catholicism, his [[beatification]] in that faith occurred in 1987. As a scientist he is considered a pioneer in both anatomy and geology, but largely abandoned science after his religious conversion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/research/theology/ejournal/aejt_5/Sobiech.htm |title=F.Sobiech, "Blessed Nicholas Steno (1638–1686): Natural-History Research and Science of the Cross." |access-date=2006-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060307211317/http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/research/theology/ejournal/aejt_5/Sobiech.htm |archive-date=2006-03-07 }}</ref>
*[[Isaac Newton]] (1643–1727): Prominent scientist during the [[Scientific Revolution]]. Physicist, discoverer of [[gravity]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/newton.html|title=The Galileo Project|publisher=([[Rice University]])|access-date=5 July 2008|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929133323/http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/newton.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
==18th century (1701–1800)==
*[[John Ray]] (1627–1705): English botanist who wrote ''The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation'' (1691) and was among the first to attempt a biological definition for the concept of ''[[species]]''. The John Ray Initiative<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jri.org.uk/|title=The John Ray Initiative|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716211149/http://www.jri.org.uk/resource/ray_natural_historian.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> of Environment and Christianity is also named for him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/ray.html|title=John Ray|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316193902/http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/ray.html|archive-date=16 March 2018}}</ref>
*[[Antonie van Leeuwenhoek]] (1632–1723): Dutch Reformed Calvinist who is remembered as the "father of microbiology".
*[[Gottfried Leibniz]] (1646–1716): He was a philosopher who developed the philosophical theory of the [[Pre-established harmony]]; he is also most noted for his optimism, e.g., his conclusion that our Universe is, in a restricted sense, the best possible one that God could have created. He also made major contributions to mathematics, physics, and technology. He created the [[Stepped Reckoner]] and his [[Protogaea]] concerns geology and natural history. He was a Lutheran who worked with convert to Catholicism [[John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] in hopes of a reunification between Catholicism and Lutheranism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Leibniz.html|title=Leibniz biography|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=11 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711221621/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Leibniz.html}}</ref>
*[[Pierre Varignon]] (1654–1722): French mathematician and Catholic priest known for his contributions to [[statics]] and [[mechanics]].
*[[Guido Grandi]] (1671–1742): Italian monk, priest, philosopher, theologian, mathematician, and engineer.
*[[Stephen Hales]] (1677–1761): [[Copley Medal]] winning scientist significant to the study of plant physiology. As an inventor designed a type of ventilation system, a means to distill sea-water, ways to preserve meat, etc. In religion he was an Anglican curate who worked with the [[Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge]] and for a group working to convert black slaves in the West Indies.<ref>[http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/hales.html The Galileo Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516122023/http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/hales.html |date=2021-05-16 }} and [http://www.1902encyclopedia.com/H/HAL/stephen-hales.html 1902 Encyclopedia]</ref>
*[[Firmin Abauzit]] (1679–1767): physicist and theologian. He translated the [[New Testament]] into French and corrected an error in Newton's Principia.<ref>[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition]]</ref>
*[[Emanuel Swedenborg]] (1688–1772): He did a great deal of scientific research with the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] having commissioned work by him.<ref name="WhitakerSmith2007">{{cite book |first1=Harry |last1=Whitaker |last2=Smith |first2=C.U.M. |last3=Finger |first3=Stanley |title=Brain, Mind and Medicine:: Essays in Eighteenth-Century Neuroscience |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PP3VZXS7D9IC&pg=PA204 |date=27 October 2007 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-0-387-70967-3 |pages=204– |access-date=16 March 2022 |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804171623/https://books.google.com/books?id=PP3VZXS7D9IC&pg=PA204 |url-status=live }}</ref> His religious writing is the basis of [[Swedenborgianism]] and several of his theological works contained some science hypotheses, most notably the [[Nebular hypothesis]] for the origin of the Solar System.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://swedenborg.com/|title=Swedenborg Foundation – Explorations of spiritual love and wisdom inspired by Emanuel Swedenborg|website=swedenborg.com|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2022-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315010632/https://swedenborg.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Albrecht von Haller]] (1708–1777): Swiss anatomist, physiologist known as "the father of modern physiology". A Protestant, he was involved in the erection of the Reformed church in Göttingen, and, as a man interested in religious questions, he wrote apologetic letters which were compiled by his daughter under the name ''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JxktAAAAYAAJ|title=Letters from Baron Haller to His Daughter on the Truths of the Christian ...|access-date=15 January 2015|last1=Haller|first1=Albrecht von|year=1780|archive-date=9 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709030633/https://books.google.com/books?id=JxktAAAAYAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>''
*[[Leonhard Euler]] (1707–1783): significant mathematician and physicist, see [[List of topics named after Leonhard Euler]]. The son of a pastor, he wrote ''Defense of the Divine Revelation against the Objections of the Freethinkers'' and is also commemorated by the Lutheran Church on their Calendar of Saints on May 24.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AMOQZfrZq-EC&q=%22Euler%22+divine+reflection&pg=PA519|title=Mathematics and the Divine|access-date=15 January 2015|isbn=978-0-08-045735-2|last1=Koetsier|first1=Teun|last2=Bergmans|first2=Luc|date=2004-12-09|publisher=Elsevier |archive-date=2022-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316155321/https://books.google.com/books?id=AMOQZfrZq-EC&q=%22Euler%22+divine+reflection&pg=PA519|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Roger Joseph Boscovich]] (1711–1787): Jesuit priest and physicist who produced a precursor of [[atomic theory]]
*[[Maximilian Hell]] (1720–1792): Jesuit priest and astronomer
*[[Mikhail Lomonosov]] (1711–1765): Russian Orthodox Christian who discovered the atmosphere of Venus and formulated the law of conservation of mass in chemical reactions.
*[[Antoine Lavoisier]] (1743–1794): considered the "father of modern chemistry". He is known for his discovery of oxygen's role in combustion, developing chemical nomenclature, developing a preliminary periodic table of elements, and the law of [[conservation of mass]]. He was a Catholic and defender of scripture.<ref>Grimaux, Edouard. ''Lavoisier 1743–1794.'' (Paris, 1888; 2nd ed., 1896; 3rd ed., 1899), page 53.</ref>
*[[Herman Boerhaave]] (1668–1789): Dutch physician and botanist known as the founder of clinical teaching. A collection of his religious thoughts on medicine, translated from Latin into English, has been compiled under the name ''Boerhaaveìs Orations''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y-UUAAAAIAAJ|title=BOERHAAVES ORATIONS|access-date=15 January 2015|isbn=90-04-07043-5|last1=Boerhaave|first1=Herman|year=1983|publisher=Brill Archive |archive-date=26 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626044325/https://books.google.com/books?id=y-UUAAAAIAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[John Michell]] (1724–1793): English clergyman who provided pioneering insights in a wide range of scientific fields, including astronomy, geology, optics, and gravitation.<ref>{{cite web| title =This Month in Physics History: November 27, 1783: John Michell anticipates black holes| work =APS Physics| url =http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200911/physicshistory.cfm| access-date =March 16, 2022| archive-date =November 21, 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20091121114340/http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200911/physicshistory.cfm| url-status =live}}</ref><ref name=book>{{cite book| title =Weighing the World by Russell McCormmach| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=9eMkgfKIdXIC&q=%22john+michell%22+thornhill&pg=PA177| isbn =978-94-007-2022-0| last1 =McCormmach| first1 =Russell| date =2011-12-07| publisher=Springer | access-date =2022-03-16| archive-date =2022-03-16| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220316155314/https://books.google.com/books?id=9eMkgfKIdXIC&q=%22john+michell%22+thornhill&pg=PA177| url-status =live}}</ref>
*[[Maria Gaetana Agnesi]] (1718–1799): mathematician appointed to a position by [[Pope Benedict XIV]]. After her father died she devoted her life to religious studies, charity, and ultimately became a nun.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9004047|title=Maria Gaetana Agnesi|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=23 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071123091801/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9004047|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Carl Linnaeus]] (1707–1778): Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, "father of modern taxonomy".
*[[Thomas Bayes]] (1701–1761): British statistician. Known for [[Bayes' theorem|Bayes' Theorem]].
==
{{further|List of parson-naturalists}}
*[[Joseph Priestley]] (1733–1804): [[Nontrinitarianism|Nontrinitarian]] clergyman who wrote the controversial work ''History of the Corruptions of Christianity.'' He is credited with discovering [[oxygen]].<ref group=note>[[Carl Wilhelm Scheele]] discovered oxygen earlier but published his findings after Priestley.</ref>
*[[Luigi Galvani]] (1737–1798): Italian [[physician]], [[physicist]], [[biologist]] and [[philosopher]] who studied [[animal electricity]]. [[Jean-Louis-Marc Alibert]] said of Galvani that he never ended his lessons “without exhorting his hearers and leading them back to the idea of that eternal Providence, which develops, conserves, and circulates life among so many diverse beings.”<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06371c.htm |title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Luigi Galvani|access-date=1 September 2014}}</ref>
*[[John Playfair]] (1748–1819): [[Church of Scotland]] minister, scientist, mathematician, professor of natural philosophy. He was a co-founder of the [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]] and served as General Secretary to the society.
*[[Alessandro Volta]] (1745–1827): Italian physicist who invented the first electric battery. The unit [[Volt]] was named after him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zenit.org/it/articles/gli-scienziati-cattolici-che-hanno-fatto-litalia|title=Gli scienziati cattolici che hanno fatto lItalia|work=ZENIT – Il mondo visto da Roma|access-date=15 January 2015|date=2012-03-18|archive-date=2015-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004204047/http://www.zenit.org/it/articles/gli-scienziati-cattolici-che-hanno-fatto-litalia|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Samuel Vince]] (1749–1821): Cambridge astronomer and clergyman. He wrote ''Observations on the Theory of the Motion and Resistance of Fluids'' and ''The credibility of Christianity vindicated, in answer to Mr. Hume's objections.'' He won the [[Copley Medal]] in 1780, before the period dealt with here ended.<ref>[http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/page.asp?id=1794 Royal Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071112045832/http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/page.asp?id=1794 |date=2007-11-12 }} and [http://www.thoemmes.com/18cphil/humeresp_relig.htm Thoemmes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927015628/http://www.thoemmes.com/18cphil/humeresp_relig.htm |date=2011-09-27 }}</ref>
*[[Isaac Milner]] (1750–1820): [[Lucasian Professor of Mathematics]] known for work on an important process to fabricate [[Nitrous acid]]. He was also an evangelical Anglican who co-wrote ''Ecclesiastical History of the Church of Christ'' with his brother and played a role in the religious awakening of [[William Wilberforce]]. He also led to [[William Frend (social reformer)|William Frend]] being expelled from Cambridge for a purported attack by Frend on the [[liturgy]] of the [[Church of England]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lucasianchair.org/19/milner.html |title=Lucasian Chair |access-date=2008-06-16 |archive-date=2007-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071229035559/http://www.lucasianchair.org/19/milner.html }}</ref>
*[[William Kirby (entomologist)|William Kirby]] (1759–1850): [[Parson-naturalist]] who wrote ''On the Power Wisdom and Goodness of God. As Manifested in the Creation of Animals and in Their History, Habits and Instincts'' and was a founding figure in British entomology.<ref>{{Cite ODNB |last=Moore |first=D.T. |title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |year=2004 |chapter=Kirby, William (1759–1850) |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/15647|title-link=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Armstrong |first=Patrick |title=The English Parson-naturalist: A Companionship Between Science and Religion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hB0hEc4CN3wC |year=2000 |publisher=Gracewing |isbn=978-0-85244-516-7 |pages=99–102 |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2022-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314043429/https://books.google.com/books?id=hB0hEc4CN3wC |url-status=live }}</ref> was an English [[chemist]], [[physicist]], and [[meteorologist]]. He was a [[Quaker]] Christian.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cockermouth.org.uk/dms-showpage.php?tid=606|title=Pardshaw – Quaker Meeting House|access-date=18 January 2015|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923205251/http://www.cockermouth.org.uk/dms-showpage.php?tid=606|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[John Dalton]] (1766–1844): an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist. He is best known for introducing the [[atomic theory]] into chemistry, and for his research into colour blindness, sometimes referred to as Daltonism in his honour.
*[[Georges Cuvier]] (1769–1832): French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "father of paleontology".
*[[Thomas Robert Malthus]] (1766–1834): English cleric and scholar whose views on population caps were an influence on pioneers of evolutionary biology, including [[Charles Darwin]] and [[Alfred Russel Wallace]].
*[[Andre Marie Ampere]] (1775–1836): one of the founders of [[classical electromagnetism]]. The unit for electric current, [[Ampere]], is named after him.<ref>{{cite web |title=Catholic Encyclopedia |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01437c.htm |access-date=29 December 2007 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304161802/https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01437c.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Olinthus Gregory]] (1774–1841): wrote ''Lessons Astronomical and Philosophical'' in 1793 and became mathematical master at the [[Royal Military Academy, Woolwich|Royal Military Academy]] in 1802. An abridgment of his 1815 ''Letters on the Evidences of Christianity'' was done by the [[Religious Tract Society]].<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Gregory, Olinthus Gilbert |volume=12 |page=577}}</ref>
* [[John Abercrombie (physician)|John Abercrombie]] (1780–1844): Scottish physician and Christian philosopher<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/abercrombieessays00aberrich|title=Essays : Abercrombie, John, 1780–1844: Free Download & Streaming: Internet Archive|work=Internet Archive|access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> who created the a textbook about [[neuropathology]].
* [[Augustin-Louis Cauchy]] (1789–1857): French mathematician, engineer, and physicist who made pioneering contributions to several branches of mathematics, including mathematical analysis and continuum mechanics. He was a committed Catholic and member of the [[Society of Saint Vincent de Paul]].<ref>{{cite CE1913|first=Henry Matthias |last=Brock|wstitle=Augustin-Louis Cauchy|volume=3}}</ref> Cauchy lent his prestige and knowledge to the École Normale Écclésiastique, a school in Paris run by Jesuits, for training teachers for their colleges. He also took part in the founding of the [[Institut Catholique de Paris]]. Cauchy had links to the [[Society of Jesus]] and defended them at the academy when it was politically unwise to do so.
*[[William Buckland]] (1784–1856): Anglican priest/geologist who wrote ''Vindiciae Geologiae; or the Connexion of Geology with Religion explained.'' He was born in 1784, but his scientific life did not begin before the period discussed herein.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oum.ox.ac.uk/geocolls/buckland/bio3.htm |title=Oxford University Museum of Natural History: William Buckland |access-date=2005-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051226202707/http://www.oum.ox.ac.uk/geocolls/buckland/bio3.htm |archive-date=2005-12-26 }}</ref>
*[[Mary Anning]] (1799–1847): paleontologist who became known for discoveries of certain fossils in [[Lyme Regis]], [[Dorset]]. Anning was devoutly religious, and attended a [[Congregational church|Congregational]], then [[Anglican]] church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Emling |first=Shelley |author-link=Shelley Emling |title=The Fossil Hunter: Dinosaurs, Evolution, and the Woman whose Discoveries Changed the World |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-230-61156-6 |page=143}}</ref>
*[[Marshall Hall (physiologist)|Marshall Hall]] (1790–1857): notable English physiologist who contributed with anatomical understanding and proposed a number of techniques in medical science. A Christian, his religious thoughts were collected in the biographical book ''Memoirs of Marshall Hall, by his widow''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/memoirsofmarshal00hall|title=Memoirs of Marshall Hall, by his widow|first1=Charlotte|last1=Hall|first2=Marshall|last2=Hall|date=January 1, 1861|publisher=London : R. Bentley|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> (1861). He was also an [[abolitionist]] who opposed slavery on religious grounds. He believed the institution of slavery was a [[sin]] against God and denial of the Christian faith.<ref>Hall, Charlotte; Hall, Marshall (1861). Memoirs of Marshall Hall, by his widow. London : R. Bentley. p. 322</ref>
*[[John Stevens Henslow]] (1796–1861): British priest, botanist and geologist who was [[Charles Darwin]]'s tutor and enabled him to get a place on {{HMS|Beagle}}.
*[[Lars Levi Læstadius]] (1800–1861): [[botanist]] who started a revival movement within [[Lutheranism]] called [[Laestadianism]]. This movement is among the strictest forms of Lutheranism. As a botanist he has the [[Author citation (botany)|author citation]] ''Laest'' and discovered four species.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/diehtu/siida/christian/nationstate.htm|title=Christianity and the Emerging Nation States|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=8 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008083927/http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/diehtu/siida/christian/nationstate.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Edward Hitchcock]] (1793–1864): geologist, paleontologist, and Congregationalist pastor. He worked on [[Natural theology]] and wrote on [[fossil]]ized tracks.<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Hitchcock, Edward |volume=13 |page=533}}</ref>
*[[Benjamin Silliman]] (1779–1864): chemist and science educator at Yale; the first person to distill petroleum, and a founder of the ''[[American Journal of Science]]'', the oldest scientific journal in the United States. An outspoken Christian,<ref>Buckingham Mouheb, Roberta (2012). Yale Under God, p. 110. Xulon Press, {{ISBN|978-1-61996-884-4}}</ref> he was an old-earth creationist who openly rejected materialism.
*[[Bernhard Riemann]] (1826–1866): son of a pastor,<ref group=note>As was [[Euler]]. Like Gauss, the [[Bernoulli family|Bernoullis]] would convince both sets of fathers and sons to study mathematics.</ref> he entered the [[University of Göttingen]] at the age of 19, originally to study [[philology]] and [[theology]] in order to become a pastor and help with his family's finances. Upon the suggestion of [[Carl Friedrich Gauss|Gauss]], he switched to mathematics.<ref>{{MacTutor Biography|id=Riemann|title=Riemann}} Accessed July 29, 2013.</ref> He made lasting contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, and differential geometry, some of them enabling the later development of general relativity.
*[[William Whewell]] (1794–1866): professor of mineralogy and moral philosophy. He wrote ''An Elementary Treatise on Mechanics'' in 1819 and ''Astronomy and General Physics considered with reference to Natural Theology'' in 1833.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2004/entries/whewell/#1|title=William Whewell|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=2 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202122300/http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2004/entries/whewell/#1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mubs.mdx.ac.uk/research/Discussion_Papers/Mathematics_and_Statistics/maths_dpaper_no_5.pdf|title=Christianity and Mathematics: Kinds of Link, and the Rare Occurrences After 1750|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030808112309/http://mubs.mdx.ac.uk/research/Discussion_Papers/Mathematics_and_Statistics/maths_dpaper_no_5.pdf|archive-date=2003-08-08}}</ref> He is the wordsmith who coined the terms "scientist", "physicist", "anode", "cathode" and many other commonly used scientific words.
*[[Michael Faraday]] (1791–1867): [[Glasite]] church elder for a time, he discussed the relationship of science to religion in a lecture opposing [[Spiritualism (movement)|Spiritualism]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/faraday_michael.shtml|title=BBC – History – Michael Faraday|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=25 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825051236/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/faraday_michael.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adherents.com/people/pf/Michael_Faraday.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051119141214/http://www.adherents.com/people/pf/Michael_Faraday.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=November 19, 2005|title=The religion of Michael Faraday, physicist|access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> He is known for his contributions in establishing electromagnetic theory and his work in chemistry such as establishing electrolysis.
*[[James David Forbes]] (1809–1868): [[physicist]] and [[glaciologist]] who worked extensively on the [[conduction of heat]] and [[seismology]]. He was a Christian as can be seen in the work ''"Life and Letters of James David Forbes"'' (1873).
*[[Charles Babbage]] (1791–1871): mathematician and analytical philosopher known as the first computer scientist who originated the idea of a programmable computer. He wrote the ''[[Ninth Bridgewater Treatise]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.victorianweb.org/science/science_texts/bridgewater/babbage_intro.htm |title=Babbage, Ninth Bridgewater Treatise |access-date=2005-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051127202424/http://www.victorianweb.org/science/science_texts/bridgewater/babbage_intro.htm |archive-date=2005-11-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Babbage.html|title=Charles Babbage|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=13 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013044611/http://www.victorianweb.org/science/science_texts/bridgewater/babbage_intro.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and the ''Passages from the Life of a Philosopher'' (1864) where he raised arguments to rationally defend the belief in [[miracle]]s.<ref>Clifford A. Pickover (2009). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=JrslMKTgSZwC&q=Babbage The Math Book: From Pythagoras to the 57th Dimension, 250 Milestones in the History of Mathematics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429212251/https://books.google.com/books?id=JrslMKTgSZwC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=Babbage&f=false |date=2021-04-29 }}". Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 218</ref>
*[[Bernard Bolzano]] (1781–1848): Bohemian mathematician, logician, philosopher, theologian and Catholic priest. Known for his contributions to [[mathematical analysis]], including the [[(ε, δ)-definition of limit]], the [[least upper bound property]] of the real numbers, and the [[Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem]]. He also gave the first purely analytic proofs of the [[fundamental theorem of algebra]] and the [[intermediate value theorem]].
*[[Adam Sedgwick]] (1785–1873): Anglican priest and geologist whose ''A Discourse on the Studies of the University'' discusses the relationship of God and man. In science he won both the Copley Medal and the [[Wollaston Medal]].<ref>Scientists of Faith and [http://www.english.ucsb.edu/faculty/rraley/research/english/Sedgwick.html University of California, Santa Barbara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312192011/http://www.english.ucsb.edu/faculty/rraley/research/english/Sedgwick.html |date=2012-03-12 }}</ref> His students included [[Charles Darwin]].
*[[John Bachman]] (1790–1874): wrote numerous scientific articles and named several species of animals. He also was a founder of the [[Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary]] and wrote works on [[Lutheranism]].<ref>[http://www.cofc.edu/~waddelle/Bibliography.htm The College of Charleston] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060620141630/http://www.cofc.edu/~waddelle/Bibliography.htm |date=2006-06-20 }} and [http://www.newberry.edu/@newberry/may05/bachmanlife.htm Newberry College] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930224111/http://www.newberry.edu/@newberry/may05/bachmanlife.htm |date=2007-09-30 }}</ref>
*[[Robert Stirling]] (1790–1878): Scottish clergyman and engineer, minister in the [[Church of Scotland]], best known for inventing the [[Stirling engine]].
*[[Temple Chevallier]] (1794–1873): priest and astronomer who did ''Of the proofs of the divine power and wisdom derived from the study of astronomy''. He also founded the [[Durham University Observatory]], hence the Durham Shield is pictured.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rmets.org/pdf/metsocearlymembers.pdf |title=The ten gentlemen who founded the British Meteorological Society on 3 April 1850 in the library of Hartwell House, near Aylesb |access-date=15 January 2015 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804104539/http://www.rmets.org/pdf/metsocearlymembers.pdf |archive-date= 4 August 2012 }}</ref>
*[[Robert Main]] (1808–1878): Anglican priest who won the [[Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society]] in 1858. Robert Main also preached at the British Association of [[Bristol]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/MNRAS/0039//0000235.000.html|title=1879MNRAS..39..235. Page 235|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095538/http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/MNRAS/0039//0000235.000.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[James Clerk Maxwell]] (1831–1879): Although Clerk as a boy was taken to Presbyterian services by his father and to Anglican services by his aunt, while still a young student at Cambridge he underwent an Evangelical conversion that he described as having given him a new perception of the Love of God.<ref group=note>In the biography by Cambell (p. 170) Maxwell's conversion is described: "He referred to it long afterwards as having given him a new perception of the Love of God. One of his strongest convictions thenceforward was that 'Love abideth, though Knowledge vanish away.'"</ref> Maxwell's evangelicalism "committed him to an anti-[[positivist]] position."<ref>James Clerk Maxwell and religion, [[American Journal of Physics]], 54 (4), April 1986, p.314</ref><ref><u> James Clerk Maxwell and religion</u>, ''[[American Journal of Physics]]'', 54 (4), April 1986, p. 312–317; [http://silas.psfc.mit.edu/maxwell/ James Clerk Maxwell and the Christian Proposition by Ian Hutchinson] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231001816/http://silas.psfc.mit.edu/maxwell/ |date=2012-12-31 }}</ref> He is known for his contributions in establishing electromagnetic theory (Maxwell's Equations) and work on the chemical kinetic theory of gases.
*[[James Bovell]] (1817–1880): Canadian physician and microscopist who was member of [[Royal College of Physicians]]. He was the mentor of [[William Osler]], as well as an Anglican minister and religious author who wrote about [[natural theology]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/cihm_49136|title=Outlines of natural theology for the use of the Canadian student [microform] : selected and arranged from the most authentic sources : Bovell, James, 1817–1880: Free Download & Streaming: Internet Archive|via=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-665-49136-8|access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref>
*[[Andrew Pritchard]] (1804–1882): English naturalist and [[natural history]] dealer who made significant improvements to [[microscopy]] and wrote the standard work on aquatic micro-organisms. He devoted much energy to the chapel he attended, [[Newington Green Unitarian Church]].
*[[William Rowan Hamilton]] (1805–1865): Irish mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. Inventor of Hamiltonian mechanics and quaternions.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=De Morgan |first=Augustus |date=1866 |title=Sir W. R. Hamilton |magazine=Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Review |volume=1 |pages=128–134 |quote=In the case of Hamilton there is no occasion to state anything but the simple fact, known to all his intimates, that he was in private profession, as in public, a Christian, a lover of the Bible, an orthodox and attached member of the Established Church, though of the most liberal feelings on all points. He had some disposition towards the life of a clergyman, but preferred to keep himself free to devote all his time to science: he was offered ordination by two bishops.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Pritchard |first=Charles |date=1866 |title=William Rowan Hamilton |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=26 |pages=109–118 |quote=This memoir would be incomplete if we did not add, that our deceased member, together with the character of a scholar, a poet, a metaphysician, and a great analyst, combined with that of a kind-hearted, simple-minded Christian gentleman; we say the latter because Sir William Hamilton was too sincere a man ever to disguise, though too diffident to obtrude, his profound conviction of the truth of revealed religion.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Chase |first=Gene |date=1966 |chapter=Has Christian theology furthered mathematics |title=Facets of Faith and Science: The Role of Beliefs in Mathematics and the Natural Sciences: An Augustinian Perspective |volume=2 |editor-last=van der Meer |editor-first=Jitse M. |publisher=University Press of America; Pascal Centre for Advanced Studies |quote=In Hamilton's Calvinistic[1] theology, as in that of his Scottish friend and pupil Clerk Maxwell, God is the creator both of the universe and of the laws governing it. This means that the lawful relations among material objects are as real as the objects themselves. As a Christian, Hamilton was convinced that the stamp of God is on nature everywhere. He expected a Triune God to leave evidence of the Trinity on everything from three-dimensional space in geometry to an algebra involving triples of numbers. This "metaphysical drive," in the words of Thomas Hankins, his best twentieth-century biographer, "held him to the task" of looking for a generalization of complex numbers to triples."}}</ref>
*[[Gregor Mendel]] (1822–1884): [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] [[Abbot]] who was the "father of modern genetics" for his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10180b.htm|title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Mendel, Mendelism|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=29 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629202649/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10180b.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> He preached sermons at Church, [[q:Gregor Mendel#Sermon on Easter|one of which]] deals with how Easter represents Christ's victory over death.<ref>Edward Edelson (2001), "Gregor Mendel: And the Roots of Genetics". Oxford University Press. p. 68</ref>
*[[Lewis Carroll]] (1832–1898): [real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson], English writer, mathematician, and Anglican deacon. Robbins' and Rumsey's investigation of [[Dodgson condensation|Dodgson's method]], a method of evaluating determinants, led them to the Alternating Sign Matrix conjecture, now a theorem.
*[[Heinrich Hertz]] (1857–1894): German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves.
*[[Philip Henry Gosse]] (1810–1888): marine biologist who wrote ''Aquarium'' (1854), and ''A Manual of Marine Zoology'' (1855–56). He is more notable as a Christian Fundamentalist who coined the idea of [[Omphalos (theology)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1864.htm|title=No. 1864: Philip and Edmund Gosse|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=26 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226005741/http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1864.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Asa Gray]] (1810–1888): His ''Gray's Manual'' remains a pivotal work in botany. His ''[[Darwiniana]]'' has sections titled "Natural selection not inconsistent with Natural theology", "Evolution and theology", and "Evolutionary teleology". The preface indicates his adherence to the [[Nicene Creed]] in concerning these religious issues.<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/drwna10.txt Gutenberg text of Darwiniana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918001234/http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/drwna10.txt |date=2012-09-18 }} and [http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2001/PSCF9-01Miles.html ASA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405172817/http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2001/PSCF9-01Miles.html |date=2020-04-05 }}</ref>
*[[Julian Tenison Woods]] (1832–1889): co-founder of the [[Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart]] who won a [[Clarke Medal]] shortly before death. A picture from [[Waverley Cemetery]], where he's buried, is shown.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks15/1500721h/0-dict-biogWe-Wy.html#woods1|title=Dictionary of Australian Biography We-Wy|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=26 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726174806/http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks15/1500721h/0-dict-biogWe-Wy.html#woods1|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Louis Pasteur]] (1822–1895): French biologist, microbiologist and chemist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization.
*[[James Dwight Dana]] (1813–1895): geologist, mineralogist, and zoologist. He received the Copley Medal, [[Wollaston Medal]], and the [[Clarke Medal]]. He also wrote a book titled ''Science and the Bible'' and his faith has been described as "both orthodox and intense".<ref>[https://archive.org/details/scienceandbible00danagoog <!-- quote=inauthor:" James Dwight Dana". --> "Science and the Bible" at Internet Archive] and [http://uh.edu/engines/epi1949.htm Engines of Our Ingenuity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117192654/https://books.google.com/books?id=eSIZAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22+James+Dwight+Dana%22&lr=&as_brr=1&cd=24 |date=2017-01-17 }}</ref>
*[[James Prescott Joule]] (1818–1889): studied the nature of heat, and discovered its relationship to mechanical work. This led to the law of conservation of energy, which led to the development of the first law of thermodynamics. The SI derived unit of energy, the joule, is named after James Joule.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nndb.com/people/275/000049128/|title=James Prescott Joule|website=www.nndb.com|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2022-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101142244/https://www.nndb.com/people/275/000049128/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[John William Dawson]] (1820–1899): Canadian geologist who was the first president of the [[Royal Society of Canada]] and served as president of both the [[British Association for the Advancement of Science|British]] and the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]. A presbyterian, he spoke against Darwin's theory and came to write ''The Origin of the World, According to Revelation and Science'' (1877) where he put together his theological and scientific views.<ref>Sheets-Pyenson, Susan (1996), ''"John William Dawson: Faith, Hope and Science"'', McGill-Queen's Press MQUP. pp. 124–126</ref>
*[[Armand David]] (1826–1900): Catholic missionary to China and member of the [[Lazarists]] who considered his religious duties to be his principal concern. He was also a botanist with the author abbreviation ''David'' and as a zoologist he described several species new to the West.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vincentians.org.au/David.pdf|title=PÈRE JEAN PIERRE ARMAND DAVID CM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819034229/http://www.vincentians.org.au/David.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-19 }}</ref>
* [[Joseph Lister]] (1827–1912): British [[surgeon]] and a pioneer of [[Antiseptic#Usage in surgery|antiseptic surgery]]. He raised as a [[Quaker]]; he subsequently left the Quakers and joined the [[Scottish Episcopal Church]].<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v14/i2/scientists.asp|quote=Lister married Syme's daughter Agnes and became a member of the Episcopal church|journal=Creation|volume=14|issue=2|pages=48–51|date=March 1992|author=Ann Lamont|title=Joseph Lister: father of modern surgery|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2011-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512060837/http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v14/i2/scientists.asp|url-status=live}}</ref>
==20th century (1901–2000)==
According to ''100 Years of Nobel Prizes'' a review of [[Nobel Prize|Nobel prizes]] award between 1901 and 2000 reveals that (65.4%) of [[List of Christian Nobel laureates|Nobel Prizes Laureates]], have identified [[Christianity]] in its various forms as their religious preference.<ref name="Caltron J.H Hayas">Baruch A. Shalev, ''100 Years of Nobel Prizes'' (2003), Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, p.57:
between 1901 and 2000 reveals that 654 Laureates belong to 28 different religion Most (65.4%) have identified Christianity in its various forms as their religious preference.</ref> Overall, 72.5% of all the Nobel Prizes in [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]],<ref name="Shalev, Baruch">Shalev, Baruch (2005). 100 Years of Nobel Prizes. p. 59</ref> 65.3% in [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]],<ref name="Shalev, Baruch"/> 62% in [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]],<ref name="Shalev, Baruch"/> 54% in [[Nobel Prize in Economics|Economics]] were either [[Christians]] or had a Christian background.<ref name="Shalev, Baruch"/>
*[[John Hall Gladstone]] (1827–1902): served as president of the [[Physical Society of London|Physical Society]] between 1874 and 1876 and during 1877–1879 was president of the [[Chemical Society]]. He also belonged to the [[Christian Evidence Society]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=GLADSTONE, John Hall|journal=Who's Who Biographies, 1901|page=472|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA472|year=1901|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205141038/https://books.google.com/books?id=8EcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA472|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ward1887">{{cite book |last=Ward |first=Thomas Humphry |title=Men of the Time: A Dictionary of Contemporaries, Containing Biographical Notices of Eminent Characters of Both Sexes |url=https://archive.org/details/mentimeadiction00wardgoog |year=1887 |publisher=G. Routledge and Sons |page=[https://archive.org/details/mentimeadiction00wardgoog/page/n442 431]}}</ref>
*[[George Gabriel Stokes|George Stokes]] (1819–1903): minister's son, he wrote a book on [[Natural Theology]]. He was also one of the [[Presidents of the Royal Society]] and made contributions to [[Fluid dynamics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.giffordlectures.org/Author.asp?AuthorID=160|title=George Gabriel Stokes|work=The Gifford Lectures|access-date=15 January 2015|date=2014-08-18|archive-date=2005-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051018093715/http://www.giffordlectures.org/Author.asp?AuthorID=160|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.giffordlectures.org/Search.asp?PubID=TPNATT&Volume=0&Issue=0&ArticleID=1|title=Search results|work=The Gifford Lectures|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=23 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723190329/http://www.giffordlectures.org/Author.asp?AuthorID=160|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Henry Baker Tristram]] (1822–1906): founding member of the [[British Ornithologists' Union]]. His publications included ''The Natural History of the Bible'' (1867) and ''The Fauna and Flora of Palestine'' (1884).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dur.ac.uk/m.d.eddy/HoSinDurhamTristram.html |title=University of Durham |access-date=2005-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105202145/http://www.dur.ac.uk/m.d.eddy/HoSinDurhamTristram.html |archive-date=2009-01-05 }}</ref>
*[[Enoch Fitch Burr]] (1818–1907): astronomer and Congregational Church pastor who lectured extensively on the relationship between science and religion. He also wrote ''Ecce Coelum: or Parish Astronomy'' in 1867. He once stated that "an undevout astronomer is mad" and held a strong belief in [[extraterrestrial life]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://drs.library.yale.edu:8083/HLTransformer/HLTransServlet?stylename=yul.ead2002.xhtml.xsl&pid=mssa:ms.0689&query=beecher&clear-stylesheet-cache=yes&hlon=yes&big=&adv=&filter=&hitPageStart=1&sortFields=&view=over|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131124095035/http://drs.library.yale.edu:8083/HLTransformer/HLTransServlet?stylename=yul.ead2002.xhtml.xsl&pid=mssa:ms.0689&query=beecher&clear-stylesheet-cache=yes&hlon=yes&big=&adv=&filter=&hitPageStart=1&sortFields=&view=over|archive-date=November 24, 2013|title=Yale Finding Aid Database: Guide to the Enoch Fitch Burr Papers|access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4TZPlihVUoC&pg=PA451|title=The Extraterrestrial Life Debate, 1750–1900|access-date=15 January 2015|isbn=978-0-486-40675-6|last1=Crowe|first1=Michael J.|year=1999|publisher=Dover Publications |archive-date=30 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530015954/http://books.google.com/books?id=J4TZPlihVUoC&pg=PA451|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|Lord Kelvin]] (1824–1907): At the University of Glasgow he did important work in the mathematical analysis of electricity and formulation of the first and second laws of [[Timeline of thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and random processes|thermodynamics]]. He gave a famous address to the [[Christian Evidence Society]]. In science he won the Copley Medal and the [[Royal Medal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/15/12/6|title=physicsworld.com|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=13 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713101250/http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/15/12/6|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[William Dallinger]] (1839–1909): British minister in the [[Wesleyan Methodist Church (Great Britain)|Wesleyan Methodist Church]] and an accomplished [[scientist]] who studied the complete lifecycle of [[unicellular organism]]s under the [[microscope]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haas, Jr |first=J. W.|jstor=532058 |title=The Reverend Dr. William Henry Dallinger, F.R.S. (1839–1909) |journal=Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London |date=January 2000 |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=53–65 |doi=10.1098/rsnr.2000.0096 |pmid=11624308|s2cid=145758182}}</ref>
*[[Emil Theodor Kocher]] (1841–1917): [[Switzerland|Swiss]] physician and medical researcher who received the 1909 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his work in the physiology, pathology and surgery of the [[thyroid]]. Kocher was a deeply religious man and also part of the [[Moravian Church]], Kocher attributed all his successes and failures to God.<ref name="bonjour1981">{{cite book|url=http://d-nb.info/810347253|title=Theodor Kocher|last=Bonjour|first=Edgar|publisher=Verlag Paul Haupt|year=1981|isbn=3-258-03029-4|edition=2nd (2., stark erweiterte Auflage 1981)|series=Berner Heimatbücher|volume=40/41|___location=Bern|language=de|orig-date=1st. pub. in 1950|access-date=2022-03-16}}</ref>
*[[John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh]] (1842–1919): English mathematician and physicist, author of several theories and discoveries in the fields of electrodynamics, fluid dynamics and optics, including [[Rayleigh scattering]] which explains why sky is blue. He was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] in [[1904]]. He belonged to Anglican denomination.<ref>Peter J. Bowler (2014). ''Reconciling Science and Religion: The Debate in Early-Twentieth-Century Britain'', University of Chicago Press. p. 35</ref><ref>Sir William Gavin (1967). ''Ninety Years of Family Farming: The Story of Lord Rayleigh's and Strutt & Parker Farms''. Hutchinson, p. 37</ref><ref>Lord Rayleigh (Robert John Strutt), John William Strutt Baron Rayleigh (1964). "An Appraisal of Rayleigh", Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, Office of Aerospace Research, U.S. Air Force. p. 1150.</ref>
*[[Georg Cantor]] (1845–1918): German mathematician who created the theory of [[transfinite numbers]] and [[set theory]], which has become a fundamental theory in mathematics. He was a devout Lutheran whose explicit Christian beliefs shaped his philosophy of science.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Hedman |first=Bruce |date=1993 |title=Cantor's Concept of Infinity: Implications of Infinity for Contingence |url=https://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1993/PSCF3-93Hedman.html |journal=Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=8–16 |access-date=5 March 2020 |archive-date=26 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226140624/https://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1993/PSCF3-93Hedman.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Joseph Dauben]] has traced the impact Cantor's Christian convictions had on the development of transfinite set theory.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dauben |first=Joseph Warren |date=1979 |title=Georg Cantor: His Mathematics and Philosophy of the Infinite |___location= |publisher=Princeton University Press |doi=10.2307/j.ctv10crfh1 |jstor=j.ctv10crfh1 |isbn=978-0-691-02447-9 |s2cid=241372960}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Dauben |first=Joseph Warren |date=1978 |title=Georg Cantor: The Personal Matrix of His Mathematics |journal=Isis |volume=69 |issue=4 |page=548 |doi=10.1086/352113 |jstor=231091 |pmid=387662 |s2cid=26155985 |quote=The religious dimension which Cantor attributed to his transfinite numbers should not be discounted as an aberration. Nor should it be forgotten or separated from his existence as a mathematician. The theological side of Cantor's set theory, though perhaps irrelevant for understanding its mathematical content, is nevertheless essential for the full understanding of his theory and why it developed in its early stages as it did.}}</ref>
*[[J. J. Thomson]] (1856–1940): English [[physicist]] and [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Laureate in Physics]], credited with the discovery and identification of the [[electron]]; and with the discovery of the first [[subatomic particle]]. He was an [[Anglican]].<ref>Peter J. Bowler, Reconciling Science and Religion: The Debate in Early-Twentieth-Century Britain (2014). University of Chicago Press. p. 35. {{ISBN|978-0-226-06859-6}}. "Both Lord Rayleigh and J. J. Thomson were Anglicans."</ref><ref>Seeger, Raymond. 1986. "J. J. Thomson, Anglican," in Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith, 38 (June 1986): 131–132. The Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation. ""As a Professor, J.J. Thomson did attend the Sunday evening college chapel service, and as Master, the morning service. He was a regular communicant in the Anglican Church. In addition, he showed an active interest in the Trinity Mission at Camberwell. With respect to his private devotional life, J.J. Thomson would invariably practice kneeling for daily prayer, and read his Bible before retiring each night. He truly was a practicing Christian!" ([[Raymond Seeger]] 1986, 132)."</ref><ref>Richardson, Owen. 1970. "Joseph J. Thomson," in The Dictionary of National Biography, 1931–1940. L. G. Wickham Legg – editor. [[Oxford University Press]].</ref>
*[[Wilhelm Röntgen]] (1845–1923): German engineer and physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901<ref>{{cite book |first=Otto |last=Glasser |title=Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the Early History of the Roentgen Rays |publisher=Norman Publishing |year=1993 |page=135 |isbn=978-0-930405-22-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5GJs4tyb7wEC&pg=PA135 |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2020-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804171116/https://books.google.com/books?id=5GJs4tyb7wEC&pg=PA135 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Giuseppe Mercalli]] (1850–1914): Italian volcanologist and Catholic priest. He is best remembered for the Mercalli intensity scale for measuring earthquakes.
*[[Pierre Duhem]] (1861–1916): worked on [[Thermodynamic potentials]] and wrote histories advocating that the Roman Catholic Church helped advance science.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Duhem.html|title=Duhem summary|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=4 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104085951/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Duhem.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://pirate.shu.edu/~jakistan/JakisBooks/PierreDuhem.htm |title=Duhem summary |access-date=2006-01-15 |archive-date=2017-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710044433/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Duhem.html }}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Ariew|first=Roger|title=Pierre Duhem|date=2018|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/duhem/|encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|edition=Fall 2018|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|access-date=2020-05-22|archive-date=2020-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322115917/https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/duhem/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Martin1991">{{cite book |last1=Niall |first1=R. |last2=Martin |first2=D. |title=Pierre Duhem: Philosophy and History in the Work of a Believing Physicist |url=https://archive.org/details/pierreduhemphilo0000mart |url-access=registration |date=January 1991 |publisher=Open Court Publishing |isbn=978-0-8126-9160-3}}</ref><ref name="Hilbert2000">{{cite book |last=Hilbert |first=Martin |title=Pierre Duhem and Neo-Thomist Interpretations of Physical Science [microform] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eHtvAAAACAAJ |year=2000 |publisher=Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Toronto |isbn=978-0-612-53764-4 |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2020-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101085419/https://books.google.com/books?id=eHtvAAAACAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[James Britten]] (1846–1924): botanist who was heavily involved in the [[Catholic Truth Society]].<ref>{{cite web|title=CTS History |url=http://www.cts-online.org.uk/CTS_history.htm |access-date=2007-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070406111552/http://www.cts-online.org.uk/CTS_history.htm |archive-date=2007-04-06 }}</ref><ref>{{Ws|[[s:The Times/1924/Obituary/James Britten|Obituary: James Britten]]}}</ref>
*[[Charles Doolittle Walcott]] (1850–1927): paleontologist, most notable for his discovery of the [[Burgess Shale]] of British Columbia. [[Stephen Jay Gould]] said that Walcott, "discoverer of the Burgess Shale fossils, was a convinced Darwinian and an equally firm Christian, who believed that God had ordained natural selection to construct a history of life according to His plans and purposes."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.stephenjaygould.org/ctrl/gould_darwin-on-trial.html | title=Stephen Jay Gould "Impeaching a Self-Appointed Judge," 1992 | access-date=2013-04-26 | archive-date=2013-08-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829020822/http://www.stephenjaygould.org/ctrl/gould_darwin-on-trial.html }}</ref>
*[[Johannes Reinke]] (1849–1931): German phycologist and naturalist who founded the ''German Botanical Society''. An opposer of Darwinism and the secularization of science, he wrote {{Lang|de|Kritik der Abstammungslehre}} (Critique of the theory of evolution), (1920), and {{Lang|de|Naturwissenschaft, Weltanschauung, Religion}} (Science, philosophy, religion), (1923). He was a Lutheran.<ref>Wissemann, Volker (2012). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=HvbJ9eddABIC Johannes Reinke: Leben und Werk eines lutherischen Botanikers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929080306/https://books.google.com/books?id=HvbJ9eddABIC&printsec=frontcover |date=2020-09-29 }}''. Volume 26 of Religion, Theologie und Naturwissenschaft / Religion, Theology, and Natural Science. Vandenhoeck & Ruprech. {{ISBN|3-525-57020-1}}</ref>
*[[Guglielmo Marconi]] (1874–1937): Italian inventor and electrical engineer known for his pioneering work on long-distance radio transmission and for his development of Marconi's law and a radio telegraph system. He shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics.<ref>M.C. Marconi, Mio Marito Guglielmo, Rizzoli 1995, p. 244.</ref><ref>In S. Popov, "Why I Believe in God", Bulgarian Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture, letter No. 92-00-910/ 12 December 1992</ref>
* [[Pierre Teilhard de Chardin]] (1881–1955): French Jesuit paleontologist, co-discoverer of the [[Peking Man]], noted for his work on evolutionary theory and Christianity. He postulated the [[Omega Point]] as the end-goal of Evolution and he is widely regarded as one of the most important Catholic theologians of the 20th century.
*[[William Williams Keen]] (1837–1932): first [[brain surgeon]] in the United States, and a prominent [[surgical pathology|surgical pathologist]] who served as president of the [[American Medical Association]]. He also wrote ''I believe in God and in evolution''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/ibelieveingodan00keengoog#page/n4/mode/2up|title=I believe in God and in evolution|access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref>
*[[Francis Patrick Garvan]] (1875–1937): [[Priestley Medal]]ist who received a "Mendel Medal" from [[Villanova University]], was mentioned by [[Catholic Action]] as a "prominent Catholic layman", and was involved with the [[Catholic University of America]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/president/mendelmedal/pastrecipients/francis_garvan.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912110937/http://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/president/mendelmedal/pastrecipients/francis_garvan.html|title=Villanova University's Mendel Medal page on Dr. Francis P. Garvan|archive-date=September 12, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Catholic Action ...: A National Monthly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ne0eAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA28-PA26|year=1922|pages=28, 34|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2020-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804230948/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ne0eAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA28-PA26|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Pavel Florensky]] (1882–1937): [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] priest who wrote a book on [[Dielectric]]s and wrote of [[imaginary numbers]] having a relationship to the Kingdom of God.<ref>Second paragraph of Page 26 in a paper from [[Middlesex University]][https://web.archive.org/web/20030808112309/http://mubs.mdx.ac.uk/research/Discussion_Papers/Mathematics_and_Statistics/maths_dpaper_no_5.pdf Middlesex University article]</ref>
*[[Alfred Young (mathematician)|Alfred Young]] (1873–1940): British mathematician known for his work in [[group theory]] and [[invariant theory]]. He was an ordained clergyman and parish priest.
*[[:de:Eberhard Dennert|Eberhard Dennert]] (1861–1942): German naturalist and botanist who founded in 1907 the ''Kepler Association'', a group of German intellectuals who strongly opposed [[Ernst Haeckel]]'s ''Monist League'' and Darwin's theory.<ref>Gilley, Sheridan; Stanley, Brian (2006). The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 8, World Christianities C.1815-c.1914. Cambridge University Press. p. 180. {{ISBN|978-0-521-81456-0}}</ref> A Lutheran, he wrote {{Lang|de|Vom Sterbelager des Darwinismus}}, which had an authorized English translation under the name ''[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/21019/21019-h/21019-h.htm At The Deathbed of Darwinism]'' (1904).<ref>[[Andreas Daum|Andreas W. Daum]], ''Wissenschaftspopularisierung im 19. Jahrhundert: Bürgerliche Kultur, naturwissenschaftliche Bildung und die deutsche Öffentlichkeit, 1848–1914''. Munich: Oldenbourg, 1998, {{ISBN|3-486-56337-8}}, pp. 195, 220–25, 482–83.</ref>
*[[George Washington Carver]] (1864–1943): American [[scientist]], [[botanist]], [[educator]], and [[inventor]]. Carver believed he could have faith both in God and science and integrated them into his life. He testified on many occasions that his faith in [[Jesus]] was the only mechanism by which he could effectively pursue and perform the art of science.<ref>[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Man+of+science--and+of+God%3A+George+Washington+Carver+believed+that...-a0112794990 Man of science-and of God] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028094347/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Man+of+science--and+of+God%3a+George+Washington+Carver+believed+that...-a0112794990 |date=2017-10-28 }} from ''[[The New American]]'' (January 2004) via [[TheFreeLibrary.com]]</ref>
*[[Arthur Eddington]] (1882–1944): British astrophysicist of the early 20th century. He was also a philosopher of science and a popularizer of science. The [[Eddington limit]], the natural limit to the luminosity of stars, or the radiation generated by accretion onto a compact object, is named in his honor. He is famous for his work regarding the [[theory of relativity]]. Eddington was a lifelong Quaker, and gave the [[Gifford Lectures]] in 1927.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://silas.psfc.mit.edu/eddington/|title=Astrophysics and Mysticism: the life of Arthur Stanley Eddington\protect\footnote{Originally presented as talk at the ''Faith of Great Scientists Seminar'', MIT, January 2003}|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922185046/http://silas.psfc.mit.edu/eddington/|archive-date=2008-09-22}}</ref>
*[[Alexis Carrel]] (1873–1944): French surgeon and biologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912 for pioneering vascular suturing techniques.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/170/000125792/|title=Alexis Carrel|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=30 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030011034/http://www.nndb.com/people/170/000125792/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Charles Glover Barkla]] (1877–1944): British physicist, and the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1917 for his work in X-ray spectroscopy and related areas in the study of X-rays (Roentgen rays).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/549/000099252/|title=Charles Glover Barkla|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=26 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226063529/http://www.nndb.com/people/549/000099252/|url-status=live}}</ref> Barkla was a [[Methodism|Methodist]] and considered his work to be ''part of the quest for God, the Creator".''<ref>School of Mathematics and Statistics. [http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Barkla.html "Charles Glover Barkla"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219132601/http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Barkla.html |date=2017-12-19 }} (2007), University of St Andrews, Scotland. JOC/EFR.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |jstor = 769087|title = Charles Glover Barkla. 1877–1944|journal = Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume = 5|issue = 15|pages = 341–366|last1 = Allen|first1 = H. S.|year = 1947|doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1947.0004|s2cid = 85334546}}</ref><ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Charles_Glover_Barkla.aspx Charles Glover Barkla] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201219/http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Charles_Glover_Barkla.aspx |date=2016-03-04 }}, Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography (2008)</ref>
*[[John Ambrose Fleming]] (1849–1945): noted for the [[Right-hand rule]] and work on [[vacuum tube]]s. He also won the [[Hughes Medal]]. In religious activities he was president of the [[Victoria Institute]], and preached at [[St Martin-in-the-Fields]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/history_center/biography/fleming.html|title=IEEE|website=[[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (IEEE) |access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=6 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406031553/http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/history_center/biography/fleming.html}}</ref><ref name="Fleming1904">{{cite book |last=Fleming |first=Sir John Ambrose |title='The evidence of things not seen'. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aUbOQAAACAAJ |year=1904 |publisher=Christian Evidence Committee of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2020-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804210956/https://books.google.com/books?id=aUbOQAAACAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Numbers1993">{{cite book |last=Numbers |first=Ronald L. |title=The Creationists |url=https://archive.org/details/creationistsevol0000numb |url-access=registration |year=1993 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-08393-6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/creationistsevol0000numb/page/143 143]–144}}</ref>
*[[Philipp Lenard]] (1862–1947): German physicist and the winner of the [[Nobel Prize]] in Physics in 1905 for his research on cathode rays and the discovery of many of their properties. He was also an active proponent of the [[Nazi ideology]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/441/000099144/|title=Philipp Lenard|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=26 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726164206/http://www.nndb.com/people/441/000099144/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>The who's who of Nobel Prize winners, 1901–1995, p. 178</ref>
*[[Robert Millikan]] (1868–1953): second son of Reverend Silas Franklin Millikan, he wrote about the reconciliation of science and religion in books like ''Evolution in Science and Religion.'' He won the [[Nobel Prize in Physics#1920s|1923 Nobel Prize in Physics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1923/millikan-bio.html|title=Robert A. Millikan – Biographical|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=22 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122055316/http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1923/millikan-bio.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Millikan 1929">"Millikan, Robert Andrew", [[Who's Who in America]] v. 15, 1928–1929, p. 1486</ref><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20060302191706/http://www.adherents.com/people/pm/Robert_Millikan.html The Religious Affiliation of Physicist Robert Andrews Millikan]}}. adherents.com</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081222161402/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,715687,00.html "Medicine: Science Serves God,"] ''Time,'' June 4, 1923. Accessed 19 January 2013.</ref><ref>''Evolution in Science and Religion'' (1927), 1973 edition: Kennikat Press, {{ISBN|0-8046-1702-3}}</ref>
*[[Karl Landsteiner]] (1868–1943): Austrian [[biologist]], [[physician]], and [[immunologist]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/karl-landsteiner|title=Karl Landsteiner|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2022-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101142247/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/karl-landsteiner|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1930, he received the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]. Landsteiner converted from [[Judaism]] to [[Roman Catholicism]] in 1890.<ref>Anna L. Staudacher: ''"... meldet den Austritt aus dem mosaischen Glauben". 18000 Austritte aus dem Judentum in Wien, 1868–1914: Namen – Quellen – Daten''. Peter Lang, Frankfurt, 2009, {{ISBN|978-3-631-55832-4}}, p. 349</ref>
*[[Dmitri Egorov]] (1869–1931): Russian and Soviet mathematician known for his contributions to [[differential geometry]] and [[mathematical analysis]]. Defended the [[Russian Orthodox Church|Church]] after the [[Russian Revolution]], and was persecuted by the Soviet government for his Christian beliefs with arrest and imprisonment.<ref>O'Connor, J. J., and Robertson, E. F., "[https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Egorov/ Dimitri Fedorovich Egorov]," MacTutor. January 2012. FRetrieved 11 August 2020.</ref>
*[[Charles Stine]] (1882–1954): son of a minister who was VP of [[DuPont]]. In religion he wrote ''A Chemist and His Bible'' and as a chemist he won the [[Perkin Medal]].<ref>[http://www.che.gatech.edu/MESD/stineaward/index.html American Institute of Chemical Engineers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907072151/http://www.che.gatech.edu/MESD/stineaward/index.html |date=2006-09-07 }} and [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/ow/6870075 Worldcat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604011802/http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/ow/6870075 |date=2016-06-04 }}</ref>
*[[E. T. Whittaker]] (1873–1956): converted to Catholicism in 1930 and member of the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]]. His 1946 Donnellan Lecture was entitled on ''Space and Spirit. Theories of the Universe and the Arguments for the Existence of God.'' He also received the Copley Medal and had written on [[Mathematical physics]] before conversion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Whittaker.html|title=Whittaker summary|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=21 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621091435/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Whittaker.html}}</ref>
*[[Walter C. Alvarez]] (1884–1978): was an American medical doctor and a Congregationalist deacon. He authored several dozen books on medicine.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dr. Walter Alvarez, Writer, Dies|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2040809/dr_walter_alvarez_writer_dies/|work=Santa Cruz Sentinel|date=20 Jun 1978|page=24|via=newspapers.com}}</ref>
*[[Arthur Compton]] (1892–1962): won a [[Nobel Prize in Physics]]. He also was a deacon in the Baptist Church and wrote an article in ''Christianity Takes a Stand'' that supported the controversial idea of the United States maintaining the peace through a nuclear-armed air force.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aps.org/units/fps/newsletters/2003/april/commentary.html|title=Physics and Society newsletter April 2003 Commentary|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226103516/https://www.aps.org/units/fps/newsletters/2003/april/commentary.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,755635-5,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024010454/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,755635-5,00.html|archive-date=October 24, 2012|title=Science: Cosmic Clearance|date=13 January 1936|magazine=Time|access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref>
*[[Victor Francis Hess]] (1883–1964): practicing Roman Catholic who won a [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] and discovered cosmic rays.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/12/19/archives/victor-f-hess-physicist-dies-shared-the-nobel-prize-in-1936-was.html?|title=Victor F. Hess, Physicist, Dies; Shared the Nobel Prize in 1936; Was Early Experimenter on Conductivity of Air – Taught at Fordham Till 1958|date=19 December 1964|journal=The New York Times|access-date=2018-08-06|archive-date=2018-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806115248/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/12/19/archives/victor-f-hess-physicist-dies-shared-the-nobel-prize-in-1936-was.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1946 he wrote on the topic of the relationship between science and religion in his article "My Faith", in which he explained why he believed in God.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/san-antonio-light-nov-03-1946-p-52/|title=My Faith|date=November 3, 1946|journal=San Antonio Light Newspaper Archive|access-date=2018-08-06|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084405/http://newspaperarchive.com/us/texas/san-antonio/san-antonio-light/1946/11-03/page-52|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Ronald Fisher]] (1890–1962): English statistician, evolutionary biologist and geneticist. He preached sermons and published articles in church magazines.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bostonreview.net/BR24.5/orr.html |title=Gould on God Can religion and science be happily reconciled? |access-date=2012-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517124100/http://bostonreview.net/BR24.5/orr.html |archive-date=2008-05-17 }}</ref>
*[[Georges Lemaître]] (1894–1966): Roman Catholic [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priest]] who was first to propose the [[Big Bang]] theory.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/science/sc0022.html |title=Catholic Education Resource Center |access-date=15 January 2015 |archive-date=6 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706021420/http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/science/sc0022.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Kathleen Lonsdale]] (1903–1971): notable Irish crystallographer, the first woman tenured professor at University College London, first woman president of the International Union of Crystallography, and first woman president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. She converted to Quakerism and was an active [[Christian pacifist]]. She was the first secretary of the Churches' Council of Healing and delivered a [[Swarthmore Lecture]].
* [[Igor Sikorsky]] (1889–1972): Russian–American aviation pioneer in both helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. Sikorsky was a deeply religious [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] Christian<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/10/nyregion/faith-of-the-orthodox-born-in-russia.html|title=Faith Of the Orthodox Born in Russia|first=Julie|last=Miller|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 10, 1994|access-date=March 16, 2022|archive-date=December 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226141921/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/10/nyregion/faith-of-the-orthodox-born-in-russia.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and authored two religious and philosophical books (''The Message of the Lord's Prayer'' and ''The Invisible Encounter'').
*[[Neil Kensington Adam]] (1891–1973): British chemist who wrote the article ''A CHRISTIAN SCIENTIST'S APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF NATURAL SCIENCE''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.qmul.ac.uk/undergraduate/coursefinder/courses/2022/chemistry/|title=Chemistry - Queen Mary University of London|website=www.qmul.ac.uk|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2022-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316085742/https://www.qmul.ac.uk/undergraduate/coursefinder/courses/2022/chemistry/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://jsh.christianscience.com/collections/1960s/christian-science-and-the-natural-sciences|title=Christian Science and the natural sciences|website=jsh.christianscience.com|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2022-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101142250/https://jsh.christianscience.com/collections/1960s/christian-science-and-the-natural-sciences|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[David Lack]] (1910–1973): director of the Edward Grey Institute of Field [[Ornithology]] and in part known for his study of the genus Euplectes. He converted to Anglicanism at 38 and wrote ''Evolutionary Theory and Christian Belief'' in 1957.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asa3.org/ASA/BookReviews1949-1989/12-60.html|title=Science in Christian Perspective|website=www.asa3.org|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301000827/https://www.asa3.org/ASA/BookReviews1949-1989/12-60.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Anderson2013">{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=Ted |title=The Life of David Lack: Father of Evolutionary Ecology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8s0wQ1UNSF4C&pg=PR121 |date=18 July 2013 |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-992264-2 |pages=121–131 |access-date=16 March 2022 |archive-date=5 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105120747/https://books.google.com/books?id=8s0wQ1UNSF4C&pg=PR121 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Hugh Stott Taylor]] (1910–1974): chemist who received [[Villanova University]]'s "Mendel Medal"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/president/mendelmedal/pastrecipients/hugh_taylor.html |title=Villanova University's Mendel Medal page on Hugh Stott Taylor |access-date=2015-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912104844/http://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/president/mendelmedal/pastrecipients/hugh_taylor.html |archive-date=2015-09-12 }}</ref> and was made a Knight Commander of the Papal [[Order of St. Gregory the Great]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://etcweb.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Companion/taylor_hugh.html|title=From Alexander Leitch, A Princeton Companion, copyright Princeton University Press (1978).|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2020-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112172240/http://etcweb.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Companion/taylor_hugh.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Charles Coulson]] (1910–1974): [[Methodist]] who wrote ''Science and Christian Belief'' in 1955. In 1970 he won the [[Davy Medal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Coulson.html|title=Coulson summary|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=28 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328174705/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/%7Ehistory/Mathematicians//Coulson.html}}</ref>
*[[George R. Price]] (1922–1975): American population geneticist who while a strong atheist converted to Christianity. He went on to write commentaries on the New Testament and dedicated portions of his life to helping the poor.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/11/books/review/deWaal-t.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |work=The New York Times |first=Frans |last=De Waal |title=Book Review – The Price of Altruism – By Oren Harman |date=2010-07-09 |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2021-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309031140/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/11/books/review/deWaal-t.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Theodosius Dobzhansky]] (1900–1975): [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] geneticist who criticized [[young Earth creationism]] in an essay, "[[Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution]]", and argued that science and faith did not conflict.<ref>{{Citation |last=Dobzhansky |first=Theodosius |author-link=Theodosius Dobzhansky |date=March 1973 |title=Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution |journal=[[American Biology Teacher]] |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=125–129 |jstor=4444260 |doi=10.2307/4444260 |s2cid=207358177 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newscientist.com/channel/life/evolution/mg14920155.100 | title=''The Evolution of Theodosius Dobzhansky'' edited by Mark B. Adams (1996) | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2008-04-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430161155/http://www.newscientist.com/channel/life/evolution/mg14920155.100 | url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Werner Heisenberg]] (1901–1976): German theoretical physicist and one of the key pioneers of quantum mechanics. Heisenberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1932 "for the creation of quantum mechanics".<ref>(Margenau 1985, Vol. 1).Margenau, Henry. 1985. "Why I Am a Christian", in Truth (An International, Inter-disciplinary Journal of Christian Thought), Vol. 1. Truth Inc., in cooperation with the Institute for Research in Christianity and Contemporary Thought, the International Christian Graduate University, Dallas Baptist University and the International Institute for Mankind. USA.</ref>
*[[Michael Polanyi]] (1891–1976): born Jewish, but became a Christian. In 1926 he was appointed to a Chemistry chair in Berlin, but in 1933 when Hitler came to power he accepted a Chemistry chair (and then in 1948 a Social Sciences chair) at the [[University of Manchester]]. In 1946 he wrote ''Science, Faith, and Society'' {{ISBN|0-226-67290-5}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chemonet.hu/polanyi/9601/after1.html|title=AFTER BROTHERHOOD'S GOLDEN AGE|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=1 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401153849/http://chemonet.hu/polanyi/9601/after1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Wernher von Braun]] (1912–1977): "one of the most important rocket developers and champions of space exploration during the period between the 1930s and the 1970s."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://history.msfc.nasa.gov/vonbraun/bio.html|title=Biography of Wernher Von Braun|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922093720/http://history.msfc.nasa.gov/vonbraun/bio.html|archive-date=22 September 2013}}</ref> He was a Lutheran who as a youth and young man had little interest in religion. But as an adult he developed a firm belief in the Lord and in the afterlife. He was pleased to have opportunities to speak to peers (and anybody else who would listen) about his faith and Biblical beliefs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adherents.com/people/pv/Wernher_von_Braun.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051224122049/http://www.adherents.com/people/pv/Wernher_von_Braun.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=December 24, 2005|title=The religion of Wernher von Braun, rocket engineer, inventor|access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref>
*[[Pascual Jordan]] (1902–1980): German theoretical and mathematical [[physicist]] who made significant contributions to [[quantum mechanics]] and [[quantum field theory]]. He contributed much to the mathematical form of [[matrix mechanics]], and developed [[quantum field theory|canonical anticommutation relations]] for [[fermion]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://login.cern.ch/adfs/ls/?wa=wsignin1.0&wreply=https%3A%2F%2Fcds.cern.ch%2FShibboleth.sso%2FADFS&wct=2022-01-01T14%3A10%3A42Z&wtrealm=https%3A%2F%2Fcds.cern.ch%2FShibboleth.sso%2FADFS&wctx=cookie%3A1641046242_a0c3|title=Cern Authentication|website=login.cern.ch|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2022-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101142246/https://login.cern.ch/adfs/ls/?wa=wsignin1.0&wreply=https%3A%2F%2Fcds.cern.ch%2FShibboleth.sso%2FADFS&wct=2022-01-01T14%3A10%3A42Z&wtrealm=https%3A%2F%2Fcds.cern.ch%2FShibboleth.sso%2FADFS&wctx=cookie%3A1641046242_a0c3|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Forschungsstelle Universitätsgeschichte der Universität Rostock |url=http://cpr.uni-rostock.de/gnd/117182826 |title=Jordan, Pascual @ Catalogus Professorum Rostochiensium |access-date=15 January 2015 |archive-date=30 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130013316/http://cpr.uni-rostock.de/gnd/117182826 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Peter Stoner]] (1888–1980): co-founder of the [[American Scientific Affiliation]] who wrote ''Science Speaks''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Moon |first1=Irwin A. |last2=Everest |first2=F. Alton |last3=Houghton |first3=Will H. |author2-link=F. Alton Everest |name-list-style=amp |date=December 1991 |title=Early Links Between the Moody Bible Institute and the American Scientific Affiliation |journal=[[Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith]] |volume=43 |pages=249–258 |url=http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1991/PSCF12-91Haas.html |access-date=2007-02-09 |archive-date=2007-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310130218/http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1991/PSCF12-91Haas.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |contributor-last=Hartzler |contributor-first=H. Harold |author=Peter W. Stoner |title=Science Speaks |url=http://www.sciencespeaks.net |access-date=2007-02-09 |date=November 2005 |contribution=Foreword |contribution-url=http://sciencespeaks.dstoner.net/index.html#c2 |archive-date=2011-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221092555/http://www.sciencespeaks.net/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Gerty Cori]] (1896–1957): [[Czechs|Czech]]-[[United States|American]] [[biochemist]] who became the third woman—and first American woman—to win a [[Nobel Prize]] in science, and the first woman to be awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]. Gerty [[List of converts to Christianity from Judaism|converted to Catholicism]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csupomona.edu/~nova/scientists/articles/cori.html |title=Gertrude "Gerty" Cori |access-date=2013-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110101439/http://www.csupomona.edu/~nova/scientists/articles/cori.html |archive-date=2012-11-10 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/cori.html | title=Gerty Theresa Radnitz Cori | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2016-11-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104103205/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/cori.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Henry Eyring (chemist)|Henry Eyring]] (1901–1981): American chemist known for developing the [[Eyring equation]]. Also a [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|Latter-Day Saint]] whose interactions with LDS President [[Joseph Fielding Smith]] on science and faith are a part of LDS history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/heyring.html|title=Biographical Memoirs Home|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=16 April 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416014252/http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/heyring.html}}</ref><ref>''Mormon Scientist: The Life and Faith of Henry Eyring'' by Henry J. Eyring</ref>
*[[Kurt Gödel]] (1906–1978): German-Austrian logician, mathematician, and analytic philosopher. He described his religion as "baptized Lutheran (but not member of any religious congregation). My belief is theistic, not pantheistic, following Leibniz rather than Spinoza."<ref>{{cite book |last=Wang |first=Hao |date=1996 |title=A Logical Journey |url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/logical-journey |___location=Cambridge |publisher=MIT Press |page=27 |isbn=978-0-262-23189-3 |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2022-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316155312/https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/logical-journey |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.firstthings.com/article/2010/08/the-god-of-the-mathematicians |title=The God of the mathematicians: The religious beliefs that guided Kurt Gödel's revolutionary ideas |last=Goldman |first=David P. |date=August 2010 |website=First Things |access-date=1 June 2021 |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214151/https://www.firstthings.com/article/2010/08/the-god-of-the-mathematicians |url-status=live }}</ref> He described himself as religious and read the Bible in bed every Sunday morning.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wang |first=Hao |date=1996 |title=A Logical Journey |url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/logical-journey |___location=Cambridge |publisher=MIT Press |page=51 |isbn=978-0-262-23189-3 |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2022-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316155312/https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/logical-journey |url-status=live }}</ref> Gödel characterized his own philosophy in the following way: "My philosophy is rationalistic, idealistic, optimistic, and theological."<ref>{{cite book |last=Wang |first=Hao |date=1996 |title=A Logical Journey |url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/logical-journey |___location=Cambridge |publisher=MIT Press |page=8 |isbn=978-0-262-23189-3 |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2022-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316155312/https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/logical-journey |url-status=live }}</ref> Gödel's interest in theology is noticeable in the Max Phil Notebooks.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ternullo |first=Claudio |title=The Hyperuniverse Project and Maximality |chapter=Gödel's Cantorianism |date=2017 |chapter-url=https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-62935-3_11 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |page=419 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-62935-3_11 |isbn=978-3-319-62934-6 |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2022-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316155315/https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-62935-3_11 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Mary Kenneth Keller]] (1914–1985): American nun who was the first woman to earn a PhD in computer science in the US.<ref>{{Citation |last=Steel |first=Martha Vickers |date=11 December 2011 |title=Women in computing: experiences and contributions within the emerging computing industry |type=CSIS 550 History of Computing – Research Paper |url=http://www.computinghistorymuseum.org/teaching/papers/research/steel.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123023549/http://www.computinghistorymuseum.org/teaching/papers/research/steel.pdf |access-date=1 August 2014}}</ref>
*[[William G. Pollard]] (1911–1989): Anglican priest who wrote ''[[Physicist and Christian]]''. In addition he worked on the [[Manhattan Project]] and for years served as the executive director of [[Oak Ridge Associated Universities|Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies]].<ref>Pam Bonee, [http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1071 William G. Pollard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060004/http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1071 |date=2016-03-04 }}, ''Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture''.</ref>
*[[Frederick Rossini]] (1899–1990): American noted for his work in [[chemical thermodynamics]]. In science he received the [[Priestley Medal]] and the [[National Medal of Science]]. An example of the second medal is pictured. As a Catholic he received the [[Laetare Medal]] of the [[University of Notre Dame]]. He was dean of the College of Science at Notre Dame from 1960 to 1971, a position he may have taken partly due to his faith.<ref>Eliel, Ernest L., [http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/frossini.html Frederick Dominic Rossini] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021181053/http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/frossini.html |date=2013-10-21 }}, ''Biographical Memoirs'', National Academy of Sciences.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1964&dat=19650325&id=_sQiAAAAIBAJ&pg=2639,7823333|title=The Palm Beach Post – Google News Archive Search|access-date=15 January 2015}}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*[[Aldert van der Ziel]] (1910–1991): researched [[Flicker noise]] and has the [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] named an award for him. He also was a conservative Lutheran who wrote ''The Natural Sciences and the Christian Message.''<ref>[https://archive.today/20120709113656/http://www.ece.umd.edu/ISDRS_2001/ISDRS_Final_Call_6_25_01.pdf University of Maryland] and [http://www.asa3.org/ASA/BookReviews1949-1989/3-67.html ASA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106211043/http://www.asa3.org/ASA/BookReviews1949-1989/3-67.html |date=2017-01-06 }}</ref>
*[[Jérôme Lejeune]] (1926–1994): French pediatrician and geneticist known for research into [[Chromosome abnormality|chromosome abnormalities]], particularly [[Down syndrome]]. He was the first president of the [[Pontifical Academy for Life]] and has been named a "Servant of God".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/12/obituaries/dr-jerome-lejeune-dies-at-67-found-cause-of-down-syndrome.html?pagewanted=2&src=pm |title=Dr. Jerome Lejeune Dies at 67 - Found Cause of Down Syndrome - NYTimes.com |date=12 April 1994 |access-date=15 January 2015 |work=The New York Times |first=Eric |last=Pace |archive-date=19 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219163256/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/12/obituaries/dr-jerome-lejeune-dies-at-67-found-cause-of-down-syndrome.html?pagewanted=2&src=pm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncregister.com/site/article/remembering-jerome-lejeune/|title=NCRegister – Remembering Jerome Lejeune|work=National Catholic Register|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=7 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907183426/http://www.ncregister.com/site/article/remembering-jerome-lejeune/}}</ref>
*[[Alonzo Church]] (1903–1995): American mathematician and logician who made major contributions to mathematical logic and the foundations of theoretical computer science. He was a lifelong member of the Presbyterian church.<ref>{{cite web|title=Introduction Alonzo Church: Life and Work|url=https://www.math.ucla.edu/~hbe/church.pdf|access-date=6 June 2012|page=4|quote=A deeply religious person, he was a lifelong member of the Presbyterian church.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901152639/http://www.math.ucla.edu/~hbe/church.pdf|archive-date=1 September 2012}}</ref>
*[[Ernest Walton]] (1903–1995): Irish physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1951 for his work with John Cockcroft with "atom-smashing" experiments done at Cambridge University in the early 1930s, and so became the first person in history to artificially split the atom, thus ushering the nuclear age. He spoke on science and faith topics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cis.org.uk/ireland/walton/walton.html|title=Walton Lectures|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203718/http://www.cis.org.uk/ireland/walton/walton.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Nevill Francis Mott]] (1905–1996): Anglican, was a Nobel Prize-winning physicist known for explaining the effect of light on a photographic emulsion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adherents.com/people/pm/Nevill_Mott.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714154152/http://www.adherents.com/people/pm/Nevill_Mott.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=July 14, 2007|title=The religion of Nevill Mott, Nobel Prize winner; photographic emulsion|access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> He was baptized at 80 and edited ''Can Scientists Believe?''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1996/08/11/nobel-winning-physicist-nevill-francis-mott-dies/b60cf30c-bc5f-4e6f-bae8-c3d39b539473/ |title=Obituary of Nevill Francis Mott in the Washington Post |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2020-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103002525/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1996/08/11/nobel-winning-physicist-nevill-francis-mott-dies/b60cf30c-bc5f-4e6f-bae8-c3d39b539473/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Mary Celine Fasenmyer]] (1906–1996): member of the [[Sisters of Mercy]] known for [[Sister Celine's polynomials]]. Her work was also important to [[Wilf–Zeilberger pair|WZ Theory]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Fasenmyer.html|title=Fasenmyer biography|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=20 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120215943/http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Fasenmyer.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Antoinette Rodez Schiesler]] (1934–1996): American chemist and Director of Research at [[Villanova University]]. A former [[nun]], she was ordained as an Episcopal deacon and served as associate to the dean at the Cathedral of St. John in Wilmington, Delaware, until her death. She also served on the executive board of the Episcopal Women's Caucus and on the executive council of the [[Episcopal Diocese of Delaware]].
*[[John Eccles (neurophysiologist)|John Eccles]] (1903–1997): Australian neuropsychologist who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for his work on synapse.<ref>{{cite web|date=2018-08-12|title=How Sir John Eccles' soul search marginalised the Aussie Nobel Prize-winning scientist|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-13/sir-john-eccles-the-scientist-who-went-in-search-for-the-soul/10089676|access-date=2021-06-06|website=www.abc.net.au|language=en-AU|archive-date=2019-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010065246/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-13/sir-john-eccles-the-scientist-who-went-in-search-for-the-soul/10089676|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Neuroscience and the Soul|url=https://dana.org/article/neuroscience-and-the-soul/|access-date=2021-06-06|website=Dana Foundation|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606010052/https://dana.org/article/neuroscience-and-the-soul/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Arthur Leonard Schawlow]] (1921–1999): American [[physicist]] who is best remembered for his work on [[lasers]], for which he shared the 1981 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]]. Shawlow was a "fairly Orthodox Protestant."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adherents.com/people/ps/Arthur_Schawlow.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714082844/http://www.adherents.com/people/ps/Arthur_Schawlow.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=July 14, 2007|title=The religion of Arthur Schawlow, Nobel Prize-winning physicist; worked with lasers|access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> In an interview, he commented regarding God: "I find a need for God in the universe and in my own life."<ref>{{Citation |last=Margenau |first=H. |author-link=Henry Margenau |year=1992 |title=Cosmos, Bios, Theos: Scientists Reflect on Science, God, and the Origins of the Universe, Life, and Homo Sapiens |publisher=[[Open Court Publishing Company]] |page=105}} co-edited with [[Roy Abraham Varghese]]. This book is mentioned in a December 28, 1992 [[Time magazine]] article: [https://web.archive.org/web/20081208234715/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,977352-1,00.html Galileo And Other Faithful Scientists]</ref>
*[[Carlos Chagas Filho]] (1910–2000): neuroscientist who headed the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]] for 16 years. He studied the [[Shroud of Turin]] and his ''"the Origin of the Universe", "the Origin of Life", and "the Origin of Man"'' involved an understanding between Catholicism and Science. He was from [[Rio de Janeiro]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.org.br/english/history/carlos_chagase.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627122330/http://www.abc.org.br/english/history/carlos_chagase.html|title=Brazilian Academy of Sciences|archive-date=June 27, 2007}}</ref>
==21st century (2001–2100)==
*[[Robert Boyd (physicist)|Sir Robert Boyd]] (1922–2004): pioneer in British space science who was vice president of the [[Royal Astronomical Society]]. He lectured on faith being a founder of the "Research Scientists' Christian Fellowship" and an important member of its predecessor [[Christians in Science]].<ref>[http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/products/journals/aag/AAG_June04/aag_45339.htm Obituary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060511062307/http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/products/journals/aag/AAG_June04/aag_45339.htm |date=2006-05-11 }} and [http://www.cis.org.uk/resources/articles/articles.shtml CiS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060617160307/http://www.cis.org.uk/resources/articles/articles.shtml |date=2006-06-17 }}</ref>
*[[Richard Smalley]] (1943–2005): Nobel laureate in Chemistry known for [[Bucky ball|buckyballs]]. In his last years he renewed an interest in Christianity and supported [[Old Earth Creationism]]
*[[Mariano Artigas]] (1938–2006): had doctorates in both physics and philosophy. He belonged to the European Association for the Study of Science and Theology and also received a grant from the Templeton Foundation for his work in the area of science and religion.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cuadrado |first=José Angel García |url=http://www.unav.es/cryf/english/martigas.html |title=Mariano Artigas (1938–2006). In memoriam. |access-date=15 January 2015 |archive-date=23 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070923101448/http://www.unav.es/cryf/english/martigas.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[J. Laurence Kulp]] (1921–2006): [[Plymouth Brethren]] member who led major studies on the effects of [[nuclear fallout]] and [[acid rain]]. He was a prominent advocate in [[American Scientific Affiliation]] circles in favor of an [[Age of the Earth|Old Earth]] and against [[flood geology]].<ref>{{Cite magazine| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,809133-1,00.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071202023724/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,809133-1,00.html | archive-date=December 2, 2007 |magazine=Time | title=Science: Man and Strontium 90 | date=February 18, 1957 | access-date=May 5, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hss.energy.gov/healthsafety/ohre/roadmap/achre/chap13_3.html |title=Chapter 13: The Practice of Secrecy<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2014-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708142943/http://www.hss.energy.gov/healthsafety/ohre/roadmap/achre/chap13_3.html |archive-date=2007-07-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv13n1/v13n1.html |title=Regulation Magazine Vol. 13 No. 1<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2012-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009072554/http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv13n1/v13n1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Numbers 624 pages">{{cite book |last=Numbers |first=Ronald |author-link=Ronald Numbers |title=The Creationists: From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design, Expanded Edition |publisher=Harvard University Press |date=November 30, 2006 |isbn=0-674-02339-0 }}</ref>
*[[Arthur Peacocke]] (1924–2006): Anglican priest and [[biochemist]], his ideas may have influenced Anglican and [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] views of evolution. Winner of the 2001 [[Templeton Prize]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.earthlink.net/~jjkeggi/SOSc/22_Peacocke.html|title=22 Peacocke|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615164415/http://home.earthlink.net/~jjkeggi/SOSc/22_Peacocke.html|archive-date=15 June 2017}}</ref>
*[[John Billings (Australian physician)|John Billings]] (1918–2007): Australian physician who developed the [[Billings ovulation method]] of [[Natural family planning]]. In 1969, Billings was made a Knight Commander of the [[Order of St. Gregory the Great]] (KCSG) by [[Pope Paul VI]].<ref>[http://www.catholicnews.sg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2062&Itemid=79 John Billings, founder of natural family planning method, dies at 89] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002057/http://www.catholicnews.sg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2062&Itemid=79 |date=2013-12-03 }} – website The Catholic News</ref>
*[[Russell L. Mixter]] (1906–2007): noted for leading the [[American Scientific Affiliation]] (ASA) away from anti-evolutionism, and for his advocacy of [[progressive creationism]].<ref name="Numbers 624 pages"/><ref>[http://www.wheaton.edu/Biology/opportunities/awards.htm Awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030824110124/http://www.wheaton.edu/Biology/opportunities/awards.htm |date=2003-08-24 }}, Biology, [[Wheaton College (Illinois)|Wheaton College, Illinois]]</ref>
*[[Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker|C. F. von Weizsäcker]] (1912–2007): German nuclear physicist who is the co-discoverer of the [[Bethe–Weizsäcker formula]]. His ''The Relevance of Science: Creation and Cosmogony'' concerned Christian and moral impacts of science. He headed the [[Max Planck Society]] from 1970 to 1980. After that he retired to be a Christian pacifist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1976/JASA3-76Schaible.html|title=Science in Christian Perspective|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=6 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106230309/http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1976/JASA3-76Schaible.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Peter E. Hodgson]] (1928–2008): British physicist, was one of the first to identify the [[K meson]] and its decay into three pions, and a consultant to the Pontifical Council for Culture.
*[[Stanley Jaki]] (1924–2009): [[Benedictine]] priest and Distinguished Professor of Physics at Seton Hall University, New Jersey, who won a Templeton Prize and advocated the idea modern science could only have arisen in a Christian society.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pirate.shu.edu/~jakistan/JakisBooks/SaviorOfScience.htm |title=The Savior of Science |access-date=2005-11-24 |archive-date=2008-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122041526/http://pirate.shu.edu/~jakistan/JakisBooks/SaviorOfScience.htm }}</ref>
*[[Norman Borlaug]] (1914–2009): American agricultural scientist and winner of the 1970 Nobel Peace Prize.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bauman |first=S. |title=Possible: A Blueprint for Changing How We Change the World |publisher=Crown Publishing Group |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-60142-583-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tjqvDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA113 |page=113}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Herzfeld |first=N. |title=Religion and the New Technologies |publisher=MDPI AG |year=2018 |isbn=978-3-03842-530-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fvhiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17 |page=17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1970/summary/ |title = The Nobel Peace Prize 1970 |publisher = Nobel Foundation}}</ref>
*[[Nicola Cabibbo]] (1935–2010): Italian physicist, discoverer of the universality of weak interactions ([[Cabibbo angle]]), president of the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]] from 1993 until his death.
*[[Allan Sandage]] (1926–2010): astronomer who did not really study Christianity until after age forty. He wrote the article ''A Scientist Reflects on Religious Belief'' and made discoveries concerning the [[Cigar Galaxy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leaderu.com/truth/1truth15.html|title=A Scientist Reflects on Religious Belief|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=15 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715021916/http://www.leaderu.com/truth/1truth15.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=The color-magnitude diagram for the globular cluster M 3.| journal=The Astronomical Journal| volume=58| page=61| bibcode=1953AJ.....58...61S|doi=10.1086/106822| year=1953| last1=Sandage| first1=A. R.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/BruceMedalists/Sandage/|title=The Bruce Medalists: Allan Sandage|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=19 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200419102055/http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/brucemedalists/sandage/}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lqdDa-3zfhwC&q=allan+sandage+christianity&pg=PA52|title=Science and the Spiritual Quest|access-date=15 January 2015|isbn=978-0-415-25766-4|last1=Clayton|first1=Philip|last2=Russell|first2=Robert John|last3=Wegter-Mcnelly|first3=Kirk|year=2002|publisher=Psychology Press |archive-date=16 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316155735/https://books.google.com/books?id=lqdDa-3zfhwC&q=allan+sandage+christianity&pg=PA52|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Ernan McMullin]] (1924–2011): ordained in 1949 as a [[catholic priest]], McMullin was a [[philosopher of science]] who taught at the [[University of Notre Dame]]. McMullin wrote on the relationship between cosmology and theology, the role of values in understanding science, and the impact of science on Western religious thought, in books such as ''Newton on Matter and Activity'' (1978) and ''The Inference that Makes Science'' (1992). He was also an expert on the life of [[Galileo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://humbleapproach.templeton.org/Ultimate-God_Matter_Information/participants/mcmullin.html|title=John Templeton Foundation: Participants|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=22 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722092712/http://humbleapproach.templeton.org/Ultimate-God_Matter_Information/participants/mcmullin.html|url-status=live}}</ref> McMullin also opposed [[intelligent design]] and defended [[theistic evolution]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ncse.com/news/2011/02/ernan-mcmullin-dies-006483|title=Ernan McMullin dies – NCSE|access-date=15 January 2015|date=2011-02-10|archive-date=2015-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509110511/http://ncse.com/news/2011/02/ernan-mcmullin-dies-006483|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Edmund Kornfeld]] (1919–2012): American biochemist who discovered the antibiotic medication [[vancomycin]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Samanta |first1=Indranil |last2=Bandyopadhyay |first2=Samiran |title=Antimicrobial Resistance in Agriculture: Perspective, Policy and Mitigation |publisher=Elsevier Science |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-12-816523-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e_uxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA205 |access-date=October 9, 2022 |page=205 |quote="Kornfield, an organic chemist at Eli Lilly, first isolated a bacterium namely Amycolatopsis orientalis (Streptomyces orientalis or Nocardia orientalis) from mud collected by a missionary from forests of Borneo island. A compound ('Mississippi mud' or compound 05,865) was extracted from the isolated bacteria and it was approved by FDA as vancomycin drug after clinical trials."}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Monsma |editor1-first=John Clover |title=The Evidence of God in an Expanding Universe: Forty American Scientists Declare their Affirmative Views on Religion |date=1958 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |___location=New York |pages=174–177 |url=https://archive.org/details/evidenceofgodina00mons/}}</ref>
*[[Joseph Murray]] (1919–2012): Catholic surgeon who pioneered transplant surgery. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1990.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://catholicreview.org/article/home/catholic-transplant-pioneer-nobel-prize-winner-joseph-murray-dies|work=The Catholic Review|title=Catholic transplant pioneer, Nobel Prize-winner Joseph Murray dies|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226102452/https://www.archbalt.org/catholicreview/}}</ref>
*[[Ian Barbour]] (1923–2013): physicist who wrote ''Christianity and the Scientists'' in 1960, and ''When Science Meets Religion'' {{ISBN|0-06-060381-X}} in 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.templetonprize.org/bios_recent.html|title=Templeton Prize for Progress Toward Research or Discoveries about Spiritual Realities|date=January 17, 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020117122921/http://www.templetonprize.org/bios_recent.html|archive-date=2002-01-17}}</ref>
* [[Walter Thirring]] (1927–2014): Austrian physicist after whom the [[Thirring model]] in [[quantum field theory]] is named. He is the son of the physicist [[Hans Thirring]], co-discoverer of the Lense-Thirring [[frame dragging]] effect in [[general relativity]]. He also wrote ''Cosmic Impressions: Traces of God in the Laws of Nature''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Thirring |first=Walter |title=Cosmic Impressions: Traces of God in the Laws of Nature |url=http://templetonpress.org/content/cosmic-impressions |publisher=Templeton Press |date=May 31, 2007 |isbn=978-1-59947-115-0 |access-date=March 16, 2022 |archive-date=March 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316155737/https://templetonpress.org/books/cosmic-impressions/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Edward Nelson]] (1932–2014): American mathematician known for his work on mathematical physics and mathematical logic. In mathematical logic, he was noted especially for his internal set theory, and views on ultrafinitism and the consistency of arithmetic. He also wrote on the relationship between religion and mathematics.<ref>{{cite web |author=Edward Nelson |title=Mathematics and Faith |website=Princeton University |url=http://web.math.princeton.edu/~nelson/papers/faith.pdf |access-date=5 March 2020 |archive-date=7 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107151536/https://web.math.princeton.edu/~nelson/papers/faith.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Edward Nelson |title=Completed Infinity and Religion |website=Philoctetes Center |date=1 December 2009 |url=http://philoctetes.org/news/completed_infinity_and_religion |access-date=5 March 2020 |archive-date=20 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120035737/http://philoctetes.org/news/Completed_Infinity_and_Religion |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite speech
|title=Mathematics and Religion
|first=Edward
|last=Nelson
|___location=The Philoctetes Center for the Multidisciplinary Study of the Imagination
|date=17 October 2009
|url=http://philoctetes.org/past_programs/mathematics_and_religion
|minutes=31
|quote=In terms of religion, I'm a Christian. Worship and prayer are very important to me.
|access-date=16 March 2022
|archive-date=20 January 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120164411/http://philoctetes.org/past_programs/Mathematics_and_Religion
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
* [[Charles H. Townes]] (1915–2015): in 1964 he won the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] and in 1966 he wrote ''The Convergence of Science and Religion''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/06/17_townes.shtml|title=Nobel Prize winner Charles Townes on evolution and "intelligent design"|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=23 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223192522/https://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/06/17_townes.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.templetonprize.org/townes_pressrelease.html |title=Templeton Prize for Progress Toward Research or Discoveries about Spiritual Realities |access-date=2005-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051123170557/http://www.templetonprize.org/townes_pressrelease.html |archive-date=2005-11-23 }}</ref>
* [[Rod Davies]] (1930–2015): professor of [[radio astronomy]] at the [[University of Manchester]]. He was the president of the [[Royal Astronomical Society]] in 1987–1989, and director of the [[Jodrell Bank Observatory]] in 1988–97. He is best known for his research on the cosmic microwave background and the 21 cm line.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1098/rsbm.2017.0037| title=Rodney Deane Davies CBE. 8 January 1930—8 November 2015| journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society| volume=64| pages=149–162| year=2018| last1=Graham-Smith| first1=Francis| last2=Lyne| first2=Andrew G.| last3=Dickinson| first3=Clive| doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[R. J. Berry]] (1934–2018): former president of both the [[Linnean Society of London]] and the "Christians in Science" group. He wrote ''God and the Biologist: Personal Exploration of Science and Faith'' (Apollos 1996) {{ISBN|0-85111-446-6}} He taught at [[University College London]] for over 20 years.<ref>{{cite book |author=InterVarsity Press |url=http://www.ivpress.com/cgi-ivpress/author.pl/author_id=43 |title=R. J. Berry |access-date=15 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713070947/http://www.ivpress.com/cgi-ivpress/author.pl/author_id=43 |archive-date=13 July 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cis.org.uk/about/past_presidents.shtml |title=Christians in Science - About CiS |access-date=2005-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060520130333/http://www.cis.org.uk/about/past_presidents.shtml |archive-date=2006-05-20 }}</ref>
* [[Peter Grünberg]] (1939–2018): German physicist; [[Nobel Prize]] in Physics laureate for his discovery with Albert Fert of giant magnetoresistance which brought about a breakthrough in gigabyte hard disk drives<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2007/grunberg-bio.html|title=I would like to add a remark on my religious believes. Brought up rather conservative catholique on|access-date=2016-07-16|archive-date=2016-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821075934/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2007/grunberg-bio.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Martin Bott]] (1926–2018): British geologist and now emeritus professor in the Department of Earth Sciences at the [[University of Durham]], England. He was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society|Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)]] in 1976 and was the 1992 recipient of the [[Wollaston Medal]] from the [[Geological Society of America]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.testoffaith.com/resources/resource.aspx?id=224 | title=Test of FAITH | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2022-03-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316155803/http://www.testoffaith.com/resources/resource.aspx?id=224 | url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Richard H. Bube]] (1927–2018): emeritus professor of the material sciences at [[Stanford University]]. He was a prominent member of the American Scientific Affiliation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asa3.org/ASA/newsletter/janfeb09/Chapter1.htm|title=janfeb09email|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923174444/http://www.asa3.org/ASA/newsletter/janfeb09/Chapter1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Derek Burke]] (1930–2019): British academic and molecular biologist. Formerly a vice-chancellor of the [[University of East Anglia]]. Specialist advisor to the House of Commons Select Committee on Science and Technology since 1985.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cis.org.uk/tribute-professor-derek-burke/ | title=Tribute – Professor Derek Burke – Christians in Science | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2021-03-01 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301045932/https://www.cis.org.uk/tribute-professor-derek-burke/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.edp24.co.uk/news/obituaries/derek-burke-established-norwich-research-park-1-5977945|title=Tributes: Prof Derek Burke − the man who transformed UEA|last=Russell|first=Steve|website=Eastern Daily Press|date=4 April 2019|language=en|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2019-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529083958/https://www.edp24.co.uk/news/obituaries/derek-burke-established-norwich-research-park-1-5977945|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[George Coyne]] (1933–2020): Jesuit astronomer and former director of the [[Vatican Observatory]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Father George Coyne, astronomer, promoted science-theology dialogue|url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/father-george-coyne-astronomer-promoted-science-theology-dialogue|date=2020-02-13|website=National Catholic Reporter|language=en|access-date=2020-05-22|archive-date=2020-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527200318/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/father-george-coyne-astronomer-promoted-science-theology-dialogue|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Katherine Johnson]] (1918–2020): space scientist, physicist, and mathematician whose calculations of orbital mechanics as a NASA employee were critical to the success of the first and subsequent U.S. crewed spaceflights. She was portrayed as a lead character in the film ''[[Hidden Figures]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.history.pcusa.org/blog/2017/03/katherine-g-johnson-nasa-mathematician-and-dedicated-presbyterian|title=Katherine G. Johnson: NASA Mathematician and Dedicated Presbyterian|website=Presbyterian Historical Society|date=8 March 2017|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2019-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621103509/https://www.history.pcusa.org/blog/2017/03/katherine-g-johnson-nasa-mathematician-and-dedicated-presbyterian|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Freeman Dyson]] (1923–2020): English-born American theoretical physicist and mathematician, known for his work in [[quantum electrodynamics]], [[solid-state physics]], [[astronomy]] and [[nuclear engineering]].
* [[John T. Houghton]] (1931–2020): British [[atmospheric science|atmospheric physicist]] who was the co-chair of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] winning Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) scientific assessment working group. He was professor in atmospheric physics at the [[University of Oxford]] and former director general at the [[Met Office]].
* [[John D. Barrow]] (1952–2020): English cosmologist based at the [[University of Cambridge]] who did notable writing on the implications of the [[Anthropic principle]]. He is a [[United Reformed Church]] member and won the [[Templeton Prize]] in 2006. He once held the position of [[Gresham Professor of Astronomy]] as well as [[Gresham Professor of Geometry]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/16/science/16prize.html?ex=1300165200&en=dbf830e32388ec14&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss |work=The New York Times |first=Dennis |last=Overbye |title=Math Professor Wins a Coveted Religion Award |date=16 March 2006 |access-date=16 March 2022 |archive-date=12 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112172418/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/16/science/16prize.html?ex=1300165200&en=dbf830e32388ec14&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.templetonprize.org/barrow_bios.html |title=Templeton Prize for Progress Toward Research or Discoveries about Spiritual Realities |access-date=2008-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080418084822/http://www.templetonprize.org/barrow_bios.html |archive-date=2008-04-18 }}</ref>
* [[Henri Fontaine]] (1924–2020): French Roman Catholic [[missionary]], pre-[[Tertiary period|Tertiary]] [[geologist]]/[[paleontologist]], [[Paleozoic]] [[corals]] specialist, and [[archaeology|archaeologist]].
*[[John Polkinghorne]] (1930–2021): British particle physicist and [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] priest who wrote ''Science and the Trinity'' (2004) {{ISBN|0-300-10445-6}}. He was professor of mathematical physics at the [[University of Cambridge]] prior to becoming a priest. Winner of the 2002 Templeton Prize.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.polkinghorne.net/ |title=His own website |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2018-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319104836/http://polkinghorne.net/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Antony Hewish]] (1924–2021): British radio astronomer who won the [[Nobel Prize for Physics]] in 1974 (together with [[Martin Ryle]]) for his work on the development of radio [[aperture synthesis]] and its role in the discovery of [[pulsars]]. He was also awarded the [[Eddington Medal]] of the [[Royal Astronomical Society]] in 1969. Hewish was a Christian.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adherents.com/people/ph/Antony_Hewish.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714154639/http://www.adherents.com/people/ph/Antony_Hewish.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=July 14, 2007|title=The religion of Antony Hewish, Nobel Prize-winning physicist; radio astronomer; known for work on pulsars|access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> Hewish also wrote in his introduction to [[John Polkinghorne]]'s 2009 [[Questions of Truth]], "The ghostly presence of virtual particles defies rational common sense and is non-intuitive for those unacquainted with physics. Religious belief in God, and Christian belief ... may seem strange to common-sense thinking. But when the most elementary physical things behave in this way, we should be prepared to accept that the deepest aspects of our existence go beyond our common-sense understanding."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Polkinghorne |first1=J. C. |last2=Polkinghorne |first2=John |last3=Beale |first3=Nicholas |title=Questions of Truth: Fifty-One Responses to Questions about God, Science, and Belief |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jiXANZ1CPD4C |access-date=27 July 2012 |date=16 January 2009 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-23351-8 |page=12 |archive-date=17 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217231010/https://books.google.com/books?id=jiXANZ1CPD4C |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Paul Farmer]] (1959–2022): American medical anthropologist, physician and proponent of [[liberation theology]]. He was co-founder of [[Partners In Health]], the Kolokotrones University Professor at [[Harvard University]] and Chief of the Division of Global Health Equity at [[Brigham and Women's Hospital]] in Boston, Massachusetts.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pih.org/article/dr.-paul-farmer-how-liberation-theology-can-inform-public-health | title=Dr. Paul Farmer: How Liberation Theology Can Inform Public Health | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2022-03-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306202406/https://www.pih.org/article/dr.-paul-farmer-how-liberation-theology-can-inform-public-health | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://litpress.org/Products/E4500/Paul-Farmer|title=Paul Farmer|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2022-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222045813/https://litpress.org/Products/E4500/Paul-Farmer|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Lindon Eaves]] (1944–2022): British [[Behavioural genetics|behavioral geneticist]] who published on topics as diverse as the [[heritability]] of [[religion]] and [[psychopathology]]. In 1996, he and [[Kenneth Kendler]] founded the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics at [[Virginia Commonwealth University]], where he was professor emeritus and engaged in research and training.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://onbeing.org/programs/carl-feit-anne-foerst-and-lindon-eaves-science-and-being/ | title=Carl Feit, Anne Foerst, and Lindon Eaves — Science and Being | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2021-03-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307122845/https://onbeing.org/programs/carl-feit-anne-foerst-and-lindon-eaves-science-and-being/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://stpeterschurchhill.org/2020/08/21/gospel-sermon-and-announcements-for-august-23-2020/ |title=Gospel, Sermon and Announcements for August 23, 2020 – St. Peter's, Church Hill |access-date=2021-06-09 |archive-date=2021-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609023833/https://stpeterschurchhill.org/2020/08/21/gospel-sermon-and-announcements-for-august-23-2020/ }}</ref>
* [[Andrew Wyllie (pathologist)|Andrew Wyllie]] (1944–2022): Scottish pathologist who discovered the significance of natural cell death, later naming the process [[apoptosis]]. Prior to retirement, he was head of the Department of Pathology at the [[University of Cambridge]].<ref>{{cite web|url = https://scienceandbelief.org/2011/01/27/death-as-preservative/|title = Death as preservative|date = 2011-01-27|access-date = 2022-03-16|archive-date = 2018-06-28|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180628153512/https://scienceandbelief.org/2011/01/27/death-as-preservative/|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[Russell Stannard]] (1931–2022): British particle physicist who has written several books on the relationship between religion and science, such as ''Science and the Renewal of Belief'', ''Grounds for Reasonable Belief'' and ''Doing It With God?''.<ref>Russell Stannard, Science & Wonders, p74</ref>
*[[Raymond Vahan Damadian]] (1936–2022): [[young-earth creationist]], medical practitioner and inventor who created the [[MRI]] ([[Magnetic resonance imaging|Magnetic Resonance]] Scanning Machine).
* [[Tom McLeish]] (1962–2023): theoretical physicist whose work is renowned for increasing our understanding of the properties of soft matter. He was professor in the [[Durham University]] Department of Physics and director of the Durham Centre for Soft Matter. He is now the first chair of natural philosophy at the [[University of York]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://greenbelt.org.uk/contributors/tom-mcleish/|title=Tom McLeish – Contributors – Greenbelt Festival|date=2015-03-29|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329120640/http://greenbelt.org.uk/contributors/tom-mcleish/|archive-date=2015-03-29}}</ref>
* [[John White (chemist)]] (1937–2023): Australian chemist who was Professor of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Research School of Chemistry, at the [[Australian National University]]. He was a past president, [[Royal Australian Chemical Institute]] and president of Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.australasianscience.com.au/article/issue-march-2012/immersed-chemistry.html | title=Immersed in Chemistry {{pipe}} Australasian Science Magazine | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2021-04-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419012518/https://www.australasianscience.com.au/article/issue-march-2012/immersed-chemistry.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[John B. Goodenough]] (1922–2023): American materials scientist, a solid-state physicist, and a [[Nobel Prize]] winner in chemistry. He was a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science at the [[University of Texas at Austin]]. He is widely credited with the identification and development of the lithium-ion battery.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.eternitynews.com.au/world/winners-of-this-years-nobel-prizes-follow-jesus/|title = Winners of this year's Nobel prizes follow Jesus - Eternity News|date = 14 October 2019|access-date = 16 March 2022|archive-date = 27 October 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211027074719/https://www.eternitynews.com.au/world/winners-of-this-years-nobel-prizes-follow-jesus/|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://biologos.org/articles/nobel-laureate-john-goodenough-a-witness-to-grace|title=Nobel Laureate John Goodenough: A Witness to Grace - Articles|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703100218/https://biologos.org/articles/nobel-laureate-john-goodenough-a-witness-to-grace|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Fred Brooks]] (1931–2022): American computer architect, software engineer, and computer scientist, best known for managing the development of IBM's System/360 family of computers and the OS/360 software support package, then later writing candidly about the process in his seminal book The Mythical Man-Month. Brooks has received many awards, including the [[National Medal of Technology]] in 1985 and the [[Turing Award]] in 1999. Brooks was an evangelical Christian who was active with [[InterVarsity Christian Fellowship]] and chaired the executive committee for the Central Carolina [[Billy Graham]] Crusade in 1973.<ref name = "unc">[http://cs.unc.edu/people/frederick-p-brooks-jr/ Faculty Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626162458/http://cs.unc.edu/people/frederick-p-brooks-jr/ |date=2015-06-26 }} at UNC.</ref>
* [[Owen Gingerich]] (1930–2023): [[Mennonite]] astronomer who went to [[Goshen College]] and Harvard. He was professor emeritus of Astronomy and of the History of Science at [[Harvard University]] and Senior Astronomer Emeritus at the [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory]]. Gingerich wrote about people of faith in science history.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.space.com/colleges/college_gingerich_profile_000921.html |title=Space News - Latest Space and Astronomy News |website=[[Space.com]] |access-date=2005-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051220075422/http://www.space.com/colleges/college_gingerich_profile_000921.html |archive-date=2005-12-20 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/cis/gingerich/index.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2005-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051230131855/http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/cis/gingerich/index.html |archive-date=2005-12-30 }}</ref>
* [[Charles W. Misner]] (1932–2023): American physicist and one of the authors of ''[[Gravitation (book)|Gravitation]]''. His work provided early foundations for studies of quantum gravity and numerical relativity. He was professor emeritus of Physics at the [[University of Maryland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.physics.umd.edu/~misner/Brief%20CV.pdf |title=Brief CV for Charles W. Misner |website=University of Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820162001/https://www.physics.umd.edu/~misner/Brief%20CV.pdf |archive-date=2021-08-20}}</ref>
* [[Frank Haig]] (1928–2024): American physics professor
* [[Wolfgang Smith]] (1930–2024): mathematician, physicist, philosopher of science, metaphysician, Roman Catholic and member of the [[Traditionalist School]]. He wrote extensively in the field of differential geometry, as a critic of scientism and as a proponent of a new interpretation of quantum mechanics that draws heavily from medieval ontology and realism.
== Currently living ==
=== Biological and biomedical sciences ===
*[[Nii Addy]]: American neuroscientist who is an associate professor of Psychiatry and of Cellular and Molecular Physiology at the [[Yale School of Medicine]]. His research considers the neurobiological basis of substance abuse, depression and anxiety. He has worked on various initiatives to mitigate tobacco use and addiction.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/qdT9_7WhhyQ Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160123093145/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdT9_7WhhyQ Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdT9_7WhhyQ&pp=ugMICgJlcxABGAE%3D| title = Making Sense of Mental Health - Nii Addy and Dan Blazer at Wesleyan | website=[[YouTube]]| date = 13 May 2014 }}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://carver-cast.castos.com/podcasts/10370/episodes/episode-1-dr-nii-addy-july-2-2020|title=Episode 1: Dr. Nii Addy - July 2, 2020|access-date=March 16, 2022|archive-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604232957/https://carver-cast.castos.com/podcasts/10370/episodes/episode-1-dr-nii-addy-july-2-2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Denis Alexander]] (born 1945): Emeritus Director of the [[Faraday Institute]] at the [[University of Cambridge]] and author of ''Rebuilding the Matrix – Science and Faith in the 21st Century''. He also supervised a research group in cancer and immunology at the [[Babraham Institute]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/faraday/Biography.php?ID=9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703005627/http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/faraday/Biography.php?ID=9|title=Faraday Institute Biography|archive-date=July 3, 2007}}</ref>
* [[Werner Arber]] (born 1929): Swiss microbiologist and geneticist. Along with American researchers Hamilton Smith and Daniel Nathans, he shared the 1978 [[Nobel Prize]] in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of restriction endonucleases. In 2011, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Arber as president of the Pontifical Academy—the first Protestant to hold that position.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebestschools.org/blog/2013/01/06/50-smartest-people-faith/|title=The 50 Smartest People of Faith|work=The Best Schools|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=19 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219230653/http://www.thebestschools.org/blog/2013/01/06/50-smartest-people-faith/}}</ref>
* [[Robert T. Bakker]] (born 1945): paleontologist who was a leading figure in the "[[Dinosaur Renaissance]]" and known for the theory some dinosaurs were [[warm-blooded]]. He is also a Pentecostal preacher who advocates [[theistic evolution]] and has written on religion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prehistoricplanet.com/features/paleontologists/bakker.htm|title=Untitled Document|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924081131/http://www.prehistoricplanet.com/features/paleontologists/bakker.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.experiencefestival.com/robert_t_bakker |title=Robert T. Bakker |access-date=2006-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015039/http://www.experiencefestival.com/robert_t_bakker |archive-date=2007-09-30 }}</ref>
* [[Dan Blazer]] (born 1944): American psychiatrist and medical researcher who is Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the [[Duke University School of Medicine]]. He is known for researching the epidemiology of depression, substance use disorders, and the occurrence of suicide among the elderly. He has also researched the differences in the rate of substance use disorders among races.<ref>{{Citation|title=Making Sense of Mental Health – Nii Addy and Dan Blazer at Wesleyan| date=13 May 2014 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdT9_7WhhyQ|language=en|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2018-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208095440/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdT9_7WhhyQ&gl=US&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[William Cecil Campbell]] (born 1930): Irish-American biologist and parasitologist known for his work in discovering a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworms, for which he was jointly awarded the 2015 [[Nobel Prize]] in Physiology or Medicine<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/meet-ireland-s-new-nobel-laureate-william-c-campbell-1.2385532|title=Meet Ireland's new Nobel Laureate, William C Campbell|last=Murphy|first=Darragh|newspaper=The Irish Times|language=en|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2019-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228053511/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/meet-ireland-s-new-nobel-laureate-william-c-campbell-1.2385532|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Graeme Clark (doctor)|Graeme Clark]] (born 1935): Australian biomedical engineer who is Professor of Otolaryngology at the [[University of Melbourne]] and the founder of the [[Bionics Institute]]. He is well known for being the inventor of the multiple-channel [[cochlear implant]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whyibelieve.org.au/clark.html|title=Clark|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2022-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302233652/https://whyibelieve.org.au/clark.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eternitynews.com.au/culture/for-the-love-of-science-and-god/,%20https://www.eternitynews.com.au/culture/for-the-love-of-science-and-god/|title=For the love of science and God |first=Chris |last=Mulherin|website=www.eternitynews.com.au|date=22 September 2017|access-date=16 March 2022|archive-date=16 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316155757/https://www.eternitynews.com.au/culture/for-the-love-of-science-and-god/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://crosslight.org.au/2015/09/14/graeme-clark/|title = Graeme Clark - Hearing the Call|date = 13 September 2015|access-date = 16 March 2022|archive-date = 11 July 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210711084244/https://crosslight.org.au/2015/09/14/graeme-clark/|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[Francis Collins (geneticist)|Francis Collins]] (born 1950): director of the [[National Institutes of Health]] and former director of the US [[National Human Genome Research Institute]]. He has also written on religious matters in articles and the book ''The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief.''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2003/PSCF9-03Collins.pdf|title=Faith and the Human Genome|access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.genome.gov/10000779|title=Former NHGRI Director Francis S. Collins|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123025304/https://www.genome.gov/10000779/|archive-date=23 January 2018}}</ref>
* [[Kizzmekia Corbett]] (born 1986): American viral immunologist and the Shutzer Assistant Professor at the [[Harvard Radcliffe Institute]] and assistant professor of immunology and infectious diseases at the [[Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health]]. She has been a leading figure in the development of the [[Moderna COVID-19 vaccine|Moderna mRNA vaccine]] and the Eli Lilly therapeutic monoclonal antibody that were first to enter clinical trials in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://magazine.umbc.edu/her-science-is-the-worlds/|title = Her Science is the World's|date = 10 June 2021|access-date = 16 March 2022|archive-date = 26 August 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210826052336/https://magazine.umbc.edu/her-science-is-the-worlds/|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/kizzmekia-corbett-is-working-on-a-vaccine-for-covid-19-shes-using-both-science-and-faith-to-do-so/2020/08/18/cf982216-e169-11ea-b69b-64f7b0477ed4_story.html| title = Kizzmekia Corbett is working on a vaccine for covid-19. She's using both science and faith to do so. - The Washington Post| newspaper = [[The Washington Post]]| access-date = 2022-03-16| archive-date = 2021-12-03| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211203205012/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/kizzmekia-corbett-is-working-on-a-vaccine-for-covid-19-shes-using-both-science-and-faith-to-do-so/2020/08/18/cf982216-e169-11ea-b69b-64f7b0477ed4_story.html| url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[Peter Dodson]] (born 1946): American paleontologist who has published many papers and written and collaborated on books about dinosaurs. An authority on Ceratopsians, he has also authored several papers and textbooks on hadrosaurs and sauropods, and is a co-editor of ''[[The Dinosauria]]''. He is a professor of Vertebrate Paleontology and of Veterinary Anatomy at the [[University of Pennsylvania]].
* [[Georgia M. Dunston]] (born 1944): American professor of human immunogenetics and founding director of the National Human Genome Center at [[Howard University]]. She was one of the first researchers to join the Visiting Investigator's Program (VIP) in the [[National Human Genome Research Institute]] where she collaborated with [[Francis Collins]], publishing work on the genetics of type 2 diabetes in West Africa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://biologos.org/articles/scientist-spotlight-georgia-m-dunston|title=Scientist Spotlight: Georgia M. Dunston - Articles|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728045613/https://biologos.org/articles/scientist-spotlight-georgia-m-dunston|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Darrel R. Falk]] (born 1946): American biologist and the former president of the [[BioLogos Foundation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://biologos.org/blog/author/darrel-falk|title=Darrel Falk – The BioLogos Forum|work=BioLogos.org|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501111122/http://biologos.org/blog/author/darrel-falk/|archive-date=1 May 2012}}</ref>
* [[Rebecca Fitzgerald]] (born 1968): British medical researcher whose work focuses on the early detection and treatment of esophageal cancers. She is a tenured professor of Cancer Prevention and Program Leader at the Medical Research Council Cancer Unit of the [[University of Cambridge]]. In addition to her professorship, Fitzgerald is currently the Director of Medical Studies for [[Trinity College, Cambridge]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j4IJ-zRv5-0 |title=Professor Rebecca Fitzgerald (medicine) {{pipe}} How To Be Good episode 1 |publisher=YouTube |date= 10 September 2018|access-date=2022-08-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://religionmediacentre.org.uk/news/faith-in-the-time-of-plague-how-medical-staff-cope/ | title=Faith in the time of plague: How medical staff cope | date=25 March 2020 }}</ref>
* [[Charles A. Foster|Charles Foster]] (born 1962): science writer on [[natural history]], [[evolutionary biology]], and [[theology]]. A Fellow of [[Green Templeton College, Oxford]], the [[Royal Geographical Society]], and [[the Linnean Society of London]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.charlesfoster.co.uk/?page_id=2|title=Biography|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=30 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130030638/http://www.charlesfoster.co.uk/?page_id=2|url-status=live}}</ref> Foster has advocated [[theistic evolution]] in his book, ''The Selfless Gene'' (2009).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i5QJ5mHaghYC|title=The Selfless Gene|access-date=15 January 2015|isbn=978-1-84894-951-5|last1=Foster|first1=Charles|date=2009-09-17|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |archive-date=2020-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804133821/https://books.google.com/books?id=i5QJ5mHaghYC|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Sherita Hill Golden]] (born 1968): American physician and the Hugh P. McCormick Family Professor of Endocrinology and Metabolism at [[Johns Hopkins University]]. Her research considers biological and systems influences on diabetes and its outcomes. She was elected Fellow of National Academy of Medicine in 2021.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.womanlymag.com/special-issue-high-blood-pressure/womanly-chats-with-sherita-hill-golden-md-mhs | title=Womanly Chats with Sherita Hill Golden, M.D., M.H.S }}</ref>
* [[Joseph L. Graves Jr.]] (born 1955): American evolutionary biologist and geneticist. He is a professor of biological science at [[North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University]]. His current work includes the genomics of adaptation, as well as the response of bacteria to metallic nanoparticles. A particular application of this research has been to the evolutionary theory of aging. He is also interested in the history and philosophy of science as it relates to the biology of race and racism in western society.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://biologos.org/podcast-episodes/joseph-graves-the-genetics-of-race-part-1|title=Joseph Graves {{pipe}} the Genetics of Race (Part 1) - Podcast-episodes|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525132305/https://biologos.org/podcast-episodes/joseph-graves-the-genetics-of-race-part-1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://biologos.org/podcast-episodes/joseph-graves-the-genetics-of-race-part-2|title=Joseph Graves {{pipe}} the Genetics of Race (Part 2) - Podcast-episodes|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609023034/https://biologos.org/podcast-episodes/joseph-graves-the-genetics-of-race-part-2|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[John Gurdon]] (born 1933): British developmental biologist. In 2012, he and Shinya Yamanaka were awarded the [[Nobel Prize]] in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery that mature cells can be converted to stem cells. In an interview with EWTN.com on the subject of working with the Vatican in dialogue, he says "I'm not a Roman Catholic. I'm a Christian, of the Church of England...I've never seen the Vatican before, so that's a new experience, and I'm grateful for it."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ewtn.com/vnews/getstory.asp?number=125061|title=EWTN.com – Nobel Prize Winner Participates at Vatican Conference|work=EWTN|access-date=15 January 2015|date=2013-04-15|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924050937/http://www.ewtn.com/vnews/getstory.asp?number=125061}}</ref>
* [[Brian Heap]] (born 1935): biologist who was [[Master (college)|Master]] of [[St Edmund's College, Cambridge|St Edmund's College]], [[University of Cambridge]] and was a founding member of the [[International Society for Science and Religion]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.faraday.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/Biography.php?ID=13 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214650/https://www.faraday.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/Biography.php?ID=13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.issr.org.uk/about/founding_members.asp |title=Founding Members of ISSR |access-date=15 January 2015 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080329223546/http://www.issr.org.uk/about/founding_members.asp |archive-date=29 March 2008 }}</ref>
*[[Malcolm Jeeves]] (born 1926): British [[neuropsychologist]] who is emeritus Professor of Psychology at the [[University of St. Andrews]], and was formerly president of The Royal Society of Edinburgh. He established the department of psychology at [[University of St. Andrews]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cis.org.uk/about-cis/presidents/ | title=Presidents – Christians in Science | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2021-05-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518021500/https://www.cis.org.uk/about-cis/presidents/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Harold G. Koenig]] (born 1951): professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at [[Duke University]] and leading researcher on the effects of religion and spirituality on health. He is also a senior fellow in the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development at Duke.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://stream.org/harold-koenig-center-duke-spirituality-theology-health/|title = Medical Researcher Reveals Surprising Benefits of Attending Church|date = 20 August 2019|access-date = 16 March 2022|archive-date = 22 April 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210422172708/https://stream.org/harold-koenig-center-duke-spirituality-theology-health/|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.research.va.gov/currents/0418-Researcher-examines-if-religion-can-ease-guilt-shame-in-Veterans-with-PTSD.cfm|title=Man on a mission|website=www.research.va.gov|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2022-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120140150/https://www.research.va.gov/currents/0418-Researcher-examines-if-religion-can-ease-guilt-shame-in-Veterans-with-PTSD.cfm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aacc.net/2019/05/20/to-believe-or-not-to-believe-the-role-of-faith-in-treating-mental-illness-and-preventing-suicide/|title=To Believe or Not to Believe: The Role of Faith in Treating Mental Illness and Preventing Suicide|date=20 May 2019|access-date=16 March 2022|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514132859/https://aacc.net/2019/05/20/to-believe-or-not-to-believe-the-role-of-faith-in-treating-mental-illness-and-preventing-suicide/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Howard Koh]] (born 1952): American public health expert, physician, and the Harvey V. Fineberg Professor of the Practice of Public Health Leadership at the [[Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health]] and the [[Harvard Kennedy School]] as well as Faculty Co-chair of the [[Harvard University Advanced Leadership Initiative]]. From 2009 to 2014, Dr. Koh was the 14th Assistant Secretary for Health for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://memorialchurch.harvard.edu/files/thememorialchurch/files/fully_alive._12.18.pdf|doi=10.1177/1542305018816330|title=Fully Alive|year=2018|last1=Koh|first1=Howard K.|journal=Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling |volume=72|issue=4|pages=229–231|s2cid=220196361|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820163241/https://memorialchurch.harvard.edu/files/thememorialchurch/files/fully_alive._12.18.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://memorialchurch.harvard.edu/blog/listen-march-10-2019-service|title=Listen: March 10, 2019 service|date=13 March 2019 |access-date=March 16, 2022|archive-date=June 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627231813/https://memorialchurch.harvard.edu/blog/listen-march-10-2019-service|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi = 10.1002/cncr.32013|title = First Person: Howard Koh, MD, MPH|year = 2019|last1 = Printz|first1 = Carrie|journal = Cancer|volume = 125|issue = 5|pages = 663–664|pmid = 30772940|s2cid = 73456133|doi-access = free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2011/02/21/dr-howard-koh-addresses-methodist-young-clergy-leadership-forum|title = Dr. Howard Koh Addresses Methodist Young Clergy at Leadership Forum|date = 21 February 2011|access-date = 16 March 2022|archive-date = 24 June 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202838/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2011/02/21/dr-howard-koh-addresses-methodist-young-clergy-leadership-forum|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[Larry Kwak]] (born 1959): renowned American cancer researcher who works at [[City of Hope National Medical Center]]. He was formerly chairman of the Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma and co-director of the Center for Cancer Immunology Research at [[University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center|MD Anderson Hospital]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://biologos.org/blogs/archive/serving-god-in-the-struggle-against-cancer-an-interview-with-larry-kwak | title=Serving God in the Struggle against Cancer: An Interview with Larry Kwak – Articles | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2018-11-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127121416/https://biologos.org/blogs/archive/serving-god-in-the-struggle-against-cancer-an-interview-with-larry-kwak | url-status=live }}</ref> He was included on [[Time (magazine)|Time's]] [[Time 100#2010s|list of 2010's most influential people]].
* [[Doug Lauffenburger]] (born 1953): American bioengineer who is the Ford Professor of Biological Engineering, Chemical Engineering, and Biology at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]. He is a member of the David H. [[Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research]] and MIT Center for Gynepathology Research.<ref>{{cite web| url-status = live| archive-url = https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/Fj_46bMhWFA| archive-date = 2021-12-05| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fj_46bMhWFA| title = Douglas Lauffenburger, Ph.D. {{!}} COFAS 2021 | website=[[YouTube]]| date = 31 March 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* [[Egbert Leigh]] (born 1940): American evolutionary ecologist who spends much of his time studying tropical ecosystems. He is a researcher for the [[Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute]] and is well known for the work he has done on [[Barro Colorado Island]]. He is also known for the research he has done related to the [[Isthmus of Panama]] and its historical significance on the evolution of South American species.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi = 10.1186/1936-6434-6-15|title = Does evolution compromise Christian faith? R. J. Asher's Evolution and Belief|year = 2013|last1 = Leigh|first1 = Egbert Giles|journal = Evolution: Education and Outreach|volume = 6| article-number=15 |s2cid = 13938419|doi-access = free}}</ref>
* [[Raina MacIntyre]] (born 1964): Sri Lankan epidemiologist and Professor of Global Biosecurity and NHMRC Principal Research Fellow at the [[University of New South Wales]], where she leads a research program on the prevention and control of infectious diseases. She is an expert media advisor and commentator on Australia's response to COVID-19.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/how-faith-helps-me-as-a-scientist-epidemiologist-raina-macintyre-20220719-p5b2q1.html | title=How faith helps me as a scientist: Epidemiologist Raina MacIntyre | date=2 September 2022 }}</ref>
* [[Noella Marcellino]] (born 1951): American Benedictine nun with a doctorate in microbiology. Her field of interests include fungi and the effects of decay and putrefaction.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gaudette |first=Karen |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/foodwine/2003708130_cheesenun16.html |title=The mother of cheesemaking has art down to a science |access-date=2009-01-18 |date=May 16, 2007 |publisher=The [[Seattle Times]] |archive-date=2011-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524140157/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/foodwine/2003708130_cheesenun16.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Joel W. Martin]] (born 1955): American marine biologist and invertebrate zoologist who is currently Chief of the Division of Invertebrate Studies and Curator of Crustacea at the [[Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County]] (NHMLAC). His main area of research is the morphology and systematics of marine decapod crustaceans.<ref>{{Cite book|url = https://www.amazon.com/Prism-Rainbow-Christian-Explains-Evolution-ebook/dp/B00EDAPG2K|title = The Prism and the Rainbow: A Christian Explains Why Evolution is Not a Threat|date = June 2010|publisher = Johns Hopkins University Press|access-date = 2022-03-16|archive-date = 2022-03-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220316155810/https://www.amazon.com/Prism-Rainbow-Christian-Explains-Evolution-ebook/dp/B00EDAPG2K|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[Paul R. McHugh]] (born 1931): American psychiatrist whose research has focused on the neuroscientific foundations of motivated behaviors, psychiatric genetics, epidemiology, and neuropsychiatry. He is Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the [[Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine]] and former psychiatrist-in-chief at the [[Johns Hopkins Hospital]].
* [[Kenneth R. Miller]] (born 1948): [[molecular biologist]] at [[Brown University]] who wrote ''Finding Darwin's God'' {{ISBN|0-06-093049-7}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2005/11/05/State/Intelligent_design_ma.shtml|title=State: Intelligent design makes for big bang|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074256/http://www.sptimes.com/2005/11/05/State/Intelligent_design_ma.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Simon Conway Morris|Simon C. Morris]] (born 1951): British [[paleontologist]] and [[evolutionary biologist]] who made his reputation through study of the [[Burgess Shale]] fossils. He has held the chair of Evolutionary Palaeobiology in the Department of Earth Sciences, [[University of Cambridge]] since 1995. He was the co-winner of a [[Charles Doolittle Walcott Medal]] and also won a [[Lyell Medal]]. He is active in the [[Faraday Institute]] for study of science and religion and is also noted on discussions concerning the idea of [[theistic evolution]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/070206gifford.html |title=News & Events - Gifford Lectures 2007 |access-date=2010-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409234638/http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/070206gifford.html |archive-date=2008-04-09 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stmarylebow.co.uk/?download=BoyleLecture05.pdf |title=St Mary le Bow Church, London |website=www.stmarylebow.co.uk |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061012120932/http://www.stmarylebow.co.uk/?download=BoyleLecture05.pdf |archive-date=12 October 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bu.edu/sjmag/scimag2005/features/evolution.htm|title=Evolving Truth|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=15 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615155133/http://www.bu.edu/sjmag/scimag2005/features/evolution.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[William Newsome]] (born 1952): [[neuroscientist]] at [[Stanford University]]. A member of the [[National Academy of Sciences]]. Co-chair of the [[BRAIN Initiative]], "a rapid planning effort for a ten-year assault on how the brain works".<ref>{{cite journal|title=Neuroscience: Solving the brain|volume=499|issue=7458|pages=272–274|journal=Nature News & Comment|bibcode=2013Natur.499..272A|last1=Abbott|first1=Alison|year=2013|doi=10.1038/499272a|pmid=23868244|doi-access=free}}</ref> He has written about his faith: "When I discuss religion with my fellow scientists...I realize I am an oddity—a serious Christian and a respected scientist."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stanmed.stanford.edu/2006summer/newsome.html|title=Of two minds|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=28 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628203000/http://stanmed.stanford.edu/2006summer/newsome.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Martin Nowak]] (born 1965): evolutionary biologist and mathematician best known for [[evolutionary dynamics]]. He teaches at [[Harvard University]] and is also a member of the Board of Advisers of the [[Templeton Foundation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.templeton.org/about_us/who_we_are/board_of_advisors/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070123171823/http://www.templeton.org/about_us/who_we_are/board_of_advisors/|title=About Us: Who We Are: Board of Advisors<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=January 23, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2008/09/27/mathematics_and_faith_explain_altruism/ |work=The Boston Globe |first=Rich |last=Barlow |title=Mathematics and faith explain altruism |date=27 September 2008 |access-date=16 March 2022 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074149/http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2008/09/27/mathematics_and_faith_explain_altruism/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Bennet Omalu]] (born 1968): Nigerian-American physician, forensic pathologist, and neuropathologist who was the first to discover and publish findings of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in American football players. He is a professor in the [[UC Davis]] Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/concussion-doctors-catholic-faith-guided-his-investigation-of-nfl-stars-dea | title=Doctor's Catholic Faith Guided His Investigation of NFL Star's Death | date=26 February 2016 | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2020-08-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812140817/https://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/concussion-doctors-catholic-faith-guided-his-investigation-of-nfl-stars-dea | url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Andrew Pollard (biologist)]] (born 1965): professor of Pediatric Infection and Immunity at the [[University of Oxford]] and a Fellow of [[St Cross College, Oxford]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Professor Andrew Pollard|url=https://www.stx.ox.ac.uk/people/andrew-pollard|access-date=2020-12-30|website=www.stx.ox.ac.uk|language=en|archive-date=2021-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113095351/https://www.stx.ox.ac.uk/people/andrew-pollard|url-status=live}}</ref> He is an Honorary Consultant Pediatrician at [[John Radcliffe Hospital]] and the Director of the [[Oxford Vaccine Group]].<ref name="hindu">{{cite news|last1=Lakshman|first1=Narayan|date=24 July 2020|title=Director of the Oxford vaccine group on coronavirus endgame scenarios: In Focus podcast|work=[[The Hindu]]|publisher=THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD|url=https://www.thehindu.com/podcast/director-of-the-oxford-vaccine-group-on-coronavirus-endgame-scenarios-in-focus-podcast/article32184321.ece|access-date=16 March 2022|archive-date=25 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225071559/https://www.thehindu.com/podcast/director-of-the-oxford-vaccine-group-on-coronavirus-endgame-scenarios-in-focus-podcast/article32184321.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> He is the Chief Investigator on the University of Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine (ChAdOx-1 n-CoV-19) trials and has led research on vaccines for many life-threatening infectious diseases.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p09bnpct|title=BBC One - Songs of Praise, Finding Hope, Faith, hope and science|date=25 March 2021 |access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605042458/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p09bnpct|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oxfordhealth.nhs.uk/news/bbc-songs-of-praise-and-aled-jones-find-hope-at-oxford-vaccination-centre/|title=BBC Songs of Praise and Aled Jones find hope at Oxford vaccination centre|date=24 March 2021|access-date=16 March 2022|archive-date=4 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604230044/https://www.oxfordhealth.nhs.uk/news/bbc-songs-of-praise-and-aled-jones-find-hope-at-oxford-vaccination-centre/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Ghillean Prance]] (born 1937): botanist involved in the [[Eden Project]]. He is a former president of [[Christians in Science]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Presidents - Christians in Science|url=http://www.cis.org.uk/about-cis/presidents/|website=www.cis.org.uk|access-date=2020-05-22|archive-date=2020-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621211340/http://www.cis.org.uk/about-cis/presidents/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Christine Rollier]] (born 1972): PhD in biochemistry, Professor of Vaccinology at the University of Surrey [https://www.surrey.ac.uk/people/christine-rollier (Profile)] and Chevalier dans l'order Des Palmes Academiques [[Ordre des Palmes académiques|(Palmes Académiques)]]
* [[Joan Roughgarden]] (born 1946): evolutionary biologist who has taught at [[Stanford University]] since 1972. She wrote the book ''Evolution and Christian Faith: Reflections of an Evolutionary Biologist''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fccb.org/programs/details.php?eventID%3D190 |title=First Congregational Church of Berkeley: Event Details |access-date=September 19, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008183805/http://www.fccb.org/programs/details.php?eventID=190 |archive-date=October 8, 2007 }}</ref>
* [[Charmaine Royal]]: American geneticist and professor of African & African American Studies, Biology, Global Health, and Family Medicine & Community Health at [[Duke University]]. She studies the intersections of race, ethnicity, ancestry genetics, and health, especially as they pertain to historically marginalized and underrepresented groups in genetic and genomic research; and genomics and global health.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jhunewsletter.com/article/2016/04/prof-explores-complexities-of-race-and-religion/|title=Prof. Explores complexities of race and religion|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606040045/https://www.jhunewsletter.com/article/2016/04/prof-explores-complexities-of-race-and-religion/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rebeccamclaughlin.org/so/f4NBn9Ebq|title=Duke Professor Charmaine Royal|website=www.rebeccamclaughlin.org|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2022-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101142258/https://www.rebeccamclaughlin.org/so/f4NBn9Ebq|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Mary Higby Schweitzer]]: paleontologist at [[North Carolina State University]] who believes in the synergy of the Christian faith and the truth of empirical science.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/dinosaur-shocker-115306469/?no-ist|title=Dinosaur Shocker|work=Smithsonian|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=18 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118153415/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/dinosaur-shocker-115306469/?no-ist|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://discovermagazine.com/2006/apr/dinosaur-dna|title=Schweitzer's Dangerous Discovery|work=Discover Magazine|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=19 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719023225/http://discovermagazine.com/2006/apr/dinosaur-dna|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Tyler VanderWeele]]: American [[epidemiology|epidemiologist]] and [[biostatistics|biostatistician]] and Professor of Epidemiology in the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the [[Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health]]. He is also the co-director of [[Harvard University]]'s Initiative on Health, Religion and Spirituality, the director of their Human Flourishing Program, and a faculty affiliate of the Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Science. His research has focused on the application of causal inference to epidemiology, as well as on the relationship between religion and health.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://godreports.com/2016/12/%EF%BB%BFthe-harvard-and-mit-profs-who-are-outspoken-christians/|title = 4 Harvard and MIT professors who believe in God {{pipe}} God Reports|date = 21 December 2016|access-date = 16 March 2022|archive-date = 6 June 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210606021850/https://www.godreports.com/2016/12/%EF%BB%BFthe-harvard-and-mit-profs-who-are-outspoken-christians/|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.veritas.org/how-does-christianity-measure-up/|title = Evidence, Knowledge, & Science: How Does Christianity Measure Up?|date = 2016-02-12|access-date = 2022-03-16|archive-date = 2020-11-11|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201111195921/http://www.veritas.org/how-does-christianity-measure-up/|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[František Vyskočil]] (born 1941): Czech [[neuroscientist]], professor at [[Charles University]]<ref>[https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/102010404 "I Was Raised an Atheist"]. ''Awake!''. November 2010. pp. 8–9.</ref><ref>[https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101996284#h=56 "Ruled by Faith in God in a Communist Land"]. ''Awake!''. April 22, 1996. p. 15.</ref>
* [[Magdi Yacoub|Sir Magdi Yacoub]]: is a distinguished Egyptian-British cardiothoracic surgeon known for groundbreaking contributions to cardiac surgery and transplantation, particularly in pediatric cases. He has received numerous honors, including a knighthood and the [[Order of Merit]] in the UK, for his pioneering work that has significantly advanced the field of heart transplantation He is also the head of the Magdi Yacoub Global Heart Foundation which launched the Aswan Heart project and founded the Aswan Heart Centre the following year he is a coptic Christian <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alivizatos |first=Peter A. |date=2019-01-24 |title=Sir Magdi H. Yacoub, the Leonardo da Vinci of cardiac surgery |journal=Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=146–151 |doi=10.1080/08998280.2018.1532247 |issn=0899-8280 |pmc=6442908 |pmid=30956614}}</ref>
=== Chemistry ===
* [[Peter Agre]] (born 1949): American physician, Bloomberg Distinguished Professor, and molecular biologist at [[Johns Hopkins University]] who was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (which he shared with Roderick MacKinnon) for his discovery of aquaporins. Agre is a Lutheran.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nndb.com/people/868/000100568/ | title=Peter Agre | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2017-06-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622150357/http://www.nndb.com/people/868/000100568/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stolaf.edu/news/speeches/agre.html|title=St. Olaf College {{pipe}} Northfield, Minnesota, USA|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203752/https://www.stolaf.edu/news/speeches/agre.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Peter Budd]] (born 1957): British chemist and a professor in the Department of Chemistry at [[University of Manchester|The University of Manchester]].<ref name="D1">{{cite web|url=https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/peter.budd.html|title=Prof. Peter Budd|author=University of Manchester|author-link=University of Manchester|access-date=14 June 2020|archive-date=17 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017131252/https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/peter.budd.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His research in general is based on polymer chemistry, energy and industrial separation processes, specifically on the areas of [[Polymers of intrinsic microporosity]] (PIMs), energy storage, polyelectrolytes and separation membranes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cis.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/2019-11-Plastic-waste-The-science-and-the-theology.pdf |title=Plastic waste: The science and the theology |author-link=Peter Budd |first=Peter M. |last=Budd |date=20 November 2019 |website=[[Christians in Science]] |access-date=16 March 2022 |archive-date=20 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820174008/https://cis.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/2019-11-Plastic-waste-The-science-and-the-theology.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.faraday.cam.ac.uk/about/people/prof-peter-budd/|title = Prof. Peter Budd|date = 20 February 2020|access-date = 16 March 2022|archive-date = 5 June 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210605231359/https://www.faraday.cam.ac.uk/about/people/prof-peter-budd/|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.standrewscheadlehulme.org.uk/about-us/people/|title=St Andrews Cheadle Hulme {{pipe}} Ministers and staff|access-date=2021-06-05|archive-date=2021-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605231400/https://www.standrewscheadlehulme.org.uk/about-us/people/}}</ref>
* [[Andrew B. Bocarsly]] (born 1954): American chemist known for his research in electrochemistry, photochemistry, solids state chemistry, and fuel cells. He is a professor of chemistry at [[Princeton University]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://stonehillprinceton.org/staff/andy-bocarsly | title=Andy Bocarsly {{pipe}} Stone Hill Church of Princeton | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2021-03-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308021317/http://stonehillprinceton.org/staff/andy-bocarsly | url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Gerhard Ertl]] (born 1936): 2007 [[Nobel Prize]] winner in Chemistry. He has said in an interview that "I believe in God. (...) I am a Christian and I try to live as a Christian (...) I read the Bible very often and I try to understand it."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cicero.de/97.php?ress_id=6&item=2223 |title=Cicero - Magazin für politische Kultur |access-date=2008-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071130213538/http://www.cicero.de/97.php?ress_id=6&item=2223 |archive-date=2007-11-30 }}</ref>
* [[Brian Kobilka]] (born 1955): American [[Nobel Prize]] winner of Chemistry in 2012, and is professor in the departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology at [[Stanford University School of Medicine]]. Kobilka attends the Catholic Community at Stanford, California.<ref name="thecatholicspirit.com">{{cite web|url=http://thecatholicspirit.com/to-do/arts-and-culture/little-falls-native-wins-nobel-prize-in-chemistry/|title=Little Falls native wins Nobel Prize in chemistry|work=TheCatholicSpirit.com|access-date=15 January 2015|date=2012-10-24|archive-date=2015-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927083420/http://thecatholicspirit.com/to-do/arts-and-culture/little-falls-native-wins-nobel-prize-in-chemistry/|url-status=live}}</ref> He received the Mendel Medal from [[Villanova University]], which it says "honors outstanding pioneering scientists who have demonstrated, by their lives and their standing before the world as scientists, that there is no intrinsic conflict between science and religion".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/media/pressreleases/2015/0618-1.html|title=2015 Mendel Medal Recipient and Nobel Prize-Winning Biochemist to Deliver Annual Lecture, Oct. 2 {{pipe}} Villanova University|website=www1.villanova.edu|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416020345/https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/media/pressreleases/2015/0618-1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Artem R. Oganov]] (born 1975): Russian theoretical crystallographer, mineralogist, chemist, physicist, and materials scientist. He is a parishioner of St. Louis Catholic Church in Moscow.<ref>[http://xn--80aqecdrlilg.xn--p1ai/artyom-oganov-budushhee-est-tolko-u-teh-kto-v-nego-verit/ Артем Оганов: "Будущее есть только у тех, кто в него верит"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208072011/http://xn--80aqecdrlilg.xn--p1ai/artyom-oganov-budushhee-est-tolko-u-teh-kto-v-nego-verit/ |date=2015-12-08 }}. http://рускатолик.рф {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313202933/https://xn--80aqecdrlilg.xn--p1ai/ |date=2022-03-13 }} (22 November 2013)</ref>
* [[Jeffrey Reimer]]: American chemist who is Chair of the Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department at [[University of California, Berkeley]]. He has authored over 250 publications, has been cited over 14,000 times, and has a Google Scholar H-index of 63. His research is primarily focused to generate new knowledge to deliver environmental protection, sustainability, and fundamental insights via materials chemistry, physics, and engineering.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://augustinecollective.org/professor-jeffrey-reimer/|title=Augustine Collective {{pipe}} an Interview with Professor Jeffrey Reimer|access-date=2021-07-15|archive-date=2021-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715080605/http://augustinecollective.org/professor-jeffrey-reimer/}}</ref>
* [[Henry F. Schaefer, III]] (born 1944): American computational and theoretical chemist, and one of the most highly cited scientists in the world with a Thomson Reuters H-Index of 116. He is the Graham Perdue Professor of Chemistry and director of the Center for Computational Chemistry at the [[University of Georgia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uga.edu/cff/testimonies/schaefer.pdf|title=The Way of Discovery: A Personal Journey of Faith|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050304033131/http://www.uga.edu/cff/testimonies/schaefer.pdf|archive-date=2005-03-04}}</ref>
*[[James Tour]]: American chemist who is currently the Chao Professor at Rice University
* [[Troy Van Voorhis]]: American chemist who is currently the Haslam and Dewey Professor of Chemistry and chair of the Department of Chemistry at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.veritas.org/nyt-columnist-interviews-theoretical-chemist-on-faith-and-science/|title = NYT columnist interviews MIT theoretical chemist on faith, science and intellectual integrity|date = 2016-02-13|access-date = 2018-05-07|archive-date = 2018-05-07|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180507223046/http://www.veritas.org/nyt-columnist-interviews-theoretical-chemist-on-faith-and-science/}}</ref>
=== Physics and astronomy ===
*[[Edgar Andrews]] (born 1932): British physicist, founder and former head of the Department of Materials and emeritus Professor of Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London; author of "Who made God? Searching for a theory of everything" and "What is Man? Adam, alien or ape?" Preacher and author of the podcast <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://onefootinglory.podbean.com/|title=Edgar Andrews' Onefootinglory Podcast | a podcast by onefootinglory|first=PodBean|last=Development|website=onefootinglory.podbean.com}}</ref> and former president of the Biblical Creation Society, UK.
*[[Stephen Barr]] (born 1953): physicist who worked at [[Brookhaven National Laboratory]] and contributed papers to ''[[Physical Review]]'' as well as ''[[Physics Today]]''. He also is a Catholic who writes for ''[[First Things]]'' and wrote ''[[Modern Physics and Ancient Faith]]''. He teaches at the [[University of Delaware]].<ref>[http://web.physics.udel.edu/about/directory/faculty/stephen-barr University of Delaware] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610125541/http://web.physics.udel.edu/about/directory/faculty/stephen-barr |date=2010-06-10 }}, [http://undpress.nd.edu/book/P00848 University of Notre Dame Press] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015203959/http://undpress.nd.edu/book/P00848/ |date=2013-10-15 }}, and [http://www.ignatiusinsight.com/features2006/sbarr_interview_sept06.asp Interview at Ignatius Insight] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713154940/http://www.ignatiusinsight.com/features2006/sbarr_interview_sept06.asp |date=2017-07-13 }}</ref>
* [[Jocelyn Bell Burnell]] (born 1943): astrophysicist from Northern Ireland who discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967. She is currently visiting professor of astrophysics at the [[University of Oxford]].
* [[Arnold O. Benz]] (born 1945): Swiss astrophysicist, currently professor emeritus at [[ETH Zurich]]. He is known for his research in plasma astrophysics,<ref>{{Cite book |bibcode = 2002ASSL..279.....B|title = Plasma Astrophysics | edition = 2nd|series = Astrophysics and Space Science Library|volume = 279|last1 = Benz|first1 = Arnold|year = 2002|doi = 10.1007/0-306-47719-X|isbn = 1-4020-0695-0 }}</ref> in particular heliophysics, and received honorary doctoral degrees from the [[University of Zurich]] and [[The University of the South]] for his contributions to the dialog with theology.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.uzh.ch/about/portrait/awards/hc/2011/theol.html | title=Ehrenpromotion 2011 der Theologischen Fakultät | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2018-07-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721191940/http://www.uzh.ch/about/portrait/awards/hc/2011/theol.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sewanee.edu/newstoday/top/commence-2017-two.php | title=Top Stories – Commencement weekend events are May 12–14 {{pipe}} the University of the South | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2020-08-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803081813/http://www.sewanee.edu/newstoday/top/commence-2017-two.php | url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Katherine Blundell]]: British astrophysicist who is a professor of astrophysics at the [[University of Oxford]] and a supernumerary research fellow at St John's College, Oxford. Her research investigates the physics of active galaxies such as quasars and objects in the Milky Way such as microquasars.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://oxfordconversations.org/katherine-blundell-scholars | title=Scholars | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2021-02-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224130109/https://oxfordconversations.org/katherine-blundell-scholars | url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Stephen Blundell]] (born 1967): British physicist who is a professor of physics at the [[University of Oxford]]. He was the previously head of Condensed Matter Physics at Oxford. His research is concerned with using muon-spin rotation and magnetoresistance techniques to study a range of organic and inorganic materials.<ref>https://www.faraday.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/Biography.php?ID=33 {{Dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref>
* [[Andrew Briggs]] (born 1950): British [[quantum physicist]] who is Professor of Nanomaterials at the [[University of Oxford]]. He is best known for his early work in acoustic microscopy and his current work in materials for quantum technologies.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.amcf-int.org/resources/other/god.htm | title=GOD – by Dr Andrew Briggs | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2022-03-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316155835/https://www.amcf-int.org/resources/other/god.htm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>https://www.faraday.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/CIS/briggs/Andrew%20Briggs%20-%20lecture.htm {{Dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref>
* [[Joan Centrella]]: American astrophysicist known for her research on general relativity, gravity waves, gravitational lenses, and binary black holes. She is the former deputy director of the Astrophysics Science Division at [[NASA]]'s [[Goddard Space Flight Center]], and is Executive in Residence for Science and Technology Policy at [[West Virginia University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kregel.com/r-j-berry/real-scientists-real-faith-5859/|title=Real Scientists, Real Faith {{pipe}} Kregel|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2020-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803084649/https://www.kregel.com/r-j-berry/real-scientists-real-faith-5859/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.messiah.edu/download/downloads/id/6791/Joan_Centrella_lecture.pdf%26sa%3DU%26ved%3D2ahUKEwj_3pz4gbjqAhWBl3IEHSGkBbYQFjAAegQICRAB%26usg%3DAOvVaw085CqwCWHSB--kcM7lveV- |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2021-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820162226/https://www.messiah.edu/download/downloads/id/6791/Joan_Centrella_lecture.pdf%26sa%3DU%26ved%3D2ahUKEwj_3pz4gbjqAhWBl3IEHSGkBbYQFjAAegQICRAB%26usg%3DAOvVaw085CqwCWHSB--kcM7lveV- |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.facebook.com/veritasforum/photos/a.415096048059/10153996571833060/?type=3&eid=ARDFe8atrh5Rwhbk50bYa5M6mvivAKYIV-nzZW9ioJrbqg1MdRJ-bCqdDRiKaIhZh-vwNWOl9rR7wi0J |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/138504738059/10153996571833060 |archive-date=2022-02-26 |url-access=limited|title=Login|website=[[Facebook]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* [[Raymond Chiao]] (born 1940): American physicist renowned for his experimental work in quantum optics. He is currently an emeritus faculty member at the [[University of California, Merced]] Physics Department, where he is conducting research on gravitational radiation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://counterbalance.org/ctns-vo/chiao-body.html|title=Divine Action Topic: Chiao, Raymond Y. "Quantum Nonlocalities: Experimental Evidence."|website=counterbalance.org|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2019-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906085139/https://counterbalance.org/ctns-vo/chiao-body.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://melwild.wordpress.com/2017/07/11/the-spiritual-realm/|title=The spiritual realm(?)|last=Wild|first=Mel|date=2017-07-11|website=In My Father's House|language=en|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2020-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622102030/https://melwild.wordpress.com/2017/07/11/the-spiritual-realm/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Guy Consolmagno]] (born 1952): American Jesuit astronomer who works at the [[Vatican Observatory]].
* [[Cees Dekker]] (born 1959): Dutch physicist and Distinguished University Professor at the [[Technical University of Delft]]. He is known for his research on carbon nanotubes, single-molecule biophysics, and nanobiology. In 2001, his group work was selected as "breakthrough of the year" by the journal ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://globalstories.tudelft.nl/story/cees-dekker/ |title=» Cees Dekker |access-date=2018-05-08 |archive-date=2018-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509012629/http://globalstories.tudelft.nl/story/cees-dekker/ }}</ref>
* [[George Francis Rayner Ellis]] (born 1939): professor of Complex Systems in the department of mathematics and applied mathematics at the [[University of Cape Town]] in South Africa. He co-authored The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time with University of Cambridge physicist Stephen Hawking, published in 1973, and is considered one of the world's leading theorists in cosmology. He is an active Quaker<ref>{{cite interview
|last=Ellis
|first=George F. R.
|interviewer=John Horgan
|title=Physicist George Ellis Knocks Physicists for Knocking Philosophy, Falsification, Free Will
|work=Cross-Check
|date=July 22, 2014
|publisher=Scientific American
|url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/cross-check/physicist-george-ellis-knocks-physicists-for-knocking-philosophy-falsification-free-will/
|access-date=October 13, 2021
|subject-link=George F. R. Ellis
|archive-date=October 13, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211013215914/https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/cross-check/physicist-george-ellis-knocks-physicists-for-knocking-philosophy-falsification-free-will/
|url-status=live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=https://counterbalance.org/ctns-vo/ellis4-body.html
|title=The Theology of the Anthropic Principle
|website=Counterbalance Foundation
|publisher=Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences
|access-date=October 13, 2021
|archive-date=October 13, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211013220010/https://counterbalance.org/ctns-vo/ellis4-body.html
|url-status=live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
|last=Ellis
|first=George F. R.
|date=1993
|title=Quantum Cosmology and the Laws of Nature: Scientific Perspectives on Divine Action
|chapter=The Theology of the Anthropic Principle
|url=https://www.ctns.org/publications/books/quantum-cosmology-and-laws-nature-scientific-perspectives-divine-action
|___location=Vatican City State
|publisher=Vatican Observatory
|pages=367–405
|isbn=978-0-268-03976-9
|editor1-last=Russell
|editor1-first=Robert John
|editor2-last=Murphy
|editor2-first=Nancey
|editor3-last=Isham
|editor3-first=Christopher J.
|author-link=George F. R. Ellis
|access-date=2022-03-16
|archive-date=2021-10-30
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030023228/https://www.ctns.org/publications/books/quantum-cosmology-and-laws-nature-scientific-perspectives-divine-action
|url-status=live
}}</ref> and in 2004 he won the Templeton Prize.
* [[Paul Ewart]] (born 1948): professor of Physics and head of the sub-department of Atomic and Laser Physics within the [[Department of Physics, University of Oxford]], and fellow and tutor in physics at [[Worcester College, Oxford]], where he is now an emeritus fellow.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://evangelicalfocus.com/author/267/paul_ewart|title=Authors|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2020-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104054435/https://evangelicalfocus.com/author/267/paul_ewart|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cis.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/23806-7-CIS-Physics-A5-8pp-AW-lr.pdf |title=Being a Christian in Physics |website=Christians in Science |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717210656/https://www.cis.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/23806-7-CIS-Physics-A5-8pp-AW-lr.pdf |archive-date=2020-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=aulL-Qa65i0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/aulL-Qa65i0 |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title = Paul Ewart, Chance, Science and Spirituality|website = [[YouTube]]|date=16 November 2009 }}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cis.org.uk/thoughts-from-the-cis-chair-prof-paul-ewart-on-science-christ-and-corona-virus/|title=Thoughts from Prof Paul Ewart, CiS Chair, on Science, Christ and Corona virus - Christians in Science|website=www.cis.org.uk|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413133140/https://www.cis.org.uk/thoughts-from-the-cis-chair-prof-paul-ewart-on-science-christ-and-corona-virus/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Heino Falcke]] (born 1966): German professor of radio astronomy and astroparticle physics at the [[Radboud University Nijmegen]]. He was a winner of the 2011 [[Spinoza Prize]]. His main field of study is black holes, and he is the originator of the concept of the "black hole shadow".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://biologos.org/articles/dr-heino-falcke-wondering-what-lies-beyond/|title=Dr. Heino Falcke: Wondering What Lies Beyond - Articles|website=BioLogos|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2022-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101142259/https://biologos.org/articles/dr-heino-falcke-wondering-what-lies-beyond/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Kenneth C. Freeman]] (born 1940): Australian astronomer and astrophysicist who is currently Duffield Professor of Astronomy in the Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the [[Mount Stromlo Observatory]] of the [[Australian National University]] in Canberra. He is regarded as one of the world's leading experts on [[dark matter]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.troublemag.com/kenneth-freeman-god-galileo-and-a-universe-gone-dark/|title=Kenneth Freeman: God, Galileo and a Universe Gone Dark {{pipe}} troublemag|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130055321/https://www.troublemag.com/kenneth-freeman-god-galileo-and-a-universe-gone-dark/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://theconversation.com/astronomer-wins-pms-science-prize-for-dark-matter-discovery-10428|title=Astronomer wins PM's Science Prize for dark matter discovery|first=Sunanda|last=Creagh|website=The Conversation|date=31 October 2012 |access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2022-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101142245/https://theconversation.com/astronomer-wins-pms-science-prize-for-dark-matter-discovery-10428|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Gerald Gabrielse]] (born 1951): American physicist renowned for his work on anti-matter. He is the George Vasmer Leverett Professor of Physics at [[Harvard University]], incoming board of trustees professor of physics and director of the Center for Fundamental Physics at Low Energy at [[Northwestern University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://calvin.edu/spark/|title=Spark {{!}} The Calvin College Magazine|website=calvin.edu|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2019-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914142051/https://calvin.edu/spark/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.faraday.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/CIS/Gabrielse/discussion.htm |title=Discussion: God of Antimatter - Gerald Gabrielse |access-date=2018-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070757/https://www.faraday.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/CIS/Gabrielse/discussion.htm |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref>
* [[Pamela L. Gay]] (born 1973): American astronomer, educator and writer, best known for her work in astronomical podcasting. Doctor Gay received her PhD from the University of Texas, Austin, in 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://network.asa3.org/blogpost/999882/176084/Good-Science-Blogs|title=Good Science Blogs – American Scientific Affiliation|website=network.asa3.org|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2019-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906090003/https://network.asa3.org/blogpost/999882/176084/Good-Science-Blogs|url-status=live}}</ref> Her position as both a skeptic and Christian has been noted upon.<ref>{{cite web|title=What to do with those pesky religious skeptics {{!}} ScienceBlogs|url=https://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2010/06/26/what-to-do-with-those-pesky-re|date=June 26, 2010|first=Greg|last=Laden|website=scienceblogs.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-22|archive-date=2020-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706111527/https://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2010/06/26/what-to-do-with-those-pesky-re|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Karl W. Giberson]] (born 1957): Canadian physicist and evangelical, formerly a physics professor at Eastern Nazarene College in Massachusetts, Giberson is a prolific author specializing in the creation-evolution debate and who formerly served as vice president of the [[BioLogos Foundation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://biologos.org/blog/karl-giberson-moves-on-to-create-more-time-for-writing |title=Karl Giberson Moves on to Create More Time for Writing {{pipe}} the BioLogos Forum |access-date=2015-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921231014/http://biologos.org/blog/karl-giberson-moves-on-to-create-more-time-for-writing |archive-date=2015-09-21 }}</ref> He has published several books on the relationship between science and religion, such as ''The Language of Science and Faith: Straight Answers to Genuine Questions'' and ''Saving Darwin: How to be a Christian and Believe in Evolution''.
* [[J. Richard Gott]] (born 1947): professor of [[astrophysical sciences]] at [[Princeton University]]. He is known for developing and advocating two cosmological theories with the flavor of [[science fiction]]: [[Time travel]] and the [[Doomsday argument]]. When asked of his religious views in relation to his science, Gott responded that "I'm a Presbyterian. I believe in God; I always thought that was the humble position to take. I like what Einstein said: "God is subtle but not malicious." I think if you want to know how the universe started, that's a legitimate question for physics. But if you want to know why it's here, then you may have to know—to borrow Stephen Hawking's phrase—the mind of God."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.science-spirit.org/article_detail.php?article_id=270|archive-url=https://archive.today/20070928020457/http://www.science-spirit.org/article_detail.php?article_id=270|title=J. Richard Gott on Life, the Universe, and Everything|archive-date=28 September 2007|access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref>
* [[Monica Grady]] (born 1958): leading British space scientist, primarily known for her work on meteorites. She is currently Professor of Planetary and Space Science at the [[Open University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hope.ac.uk/news/allnews/i-dont-have-to-reconcile-my-faith-and-job---professor-monica-grady-.html|title=All news - Liverpool Hope University|website=www.hope.ac.uk|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614214338/https://www.hope.ac.uk/news/allnews/i-dont-have-to-reconcile-my-faith-and-job---professor-monica-grady-.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.ie/style/celebrity/celebrity-news/professor-monica-grady-horrified-over-emotional-philae-probe-reaction-31404245.html|title=Professor Monica Grady "horrified" over emotional Philae probe reaction|website=independent|date=25 July 2015 |access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614214324/https://www.independent.ie/style/celebrity/celebrity-news/professor-monica-grady-horrified-over-emotional-philae-probe-reaction-31404245.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Robert Griffiths (physicist)|Robert Griffiths]] (born 1937): noted American physicist at [[Carnegie Mellon University]]. He has written on matters of science and religion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1980/JASA9-80Griffiths.html|title=Not Scientific Quality I was quite disappointed in the article on|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010093012/http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1980/JASA9-80Griffiths.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Daniel E. Hastings]]: American physicist renowned for his contributions in spacecraft and space system-environment interactions, space system architecture, and leadership in aerospace research and education.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://smart.mit.edu/news-events/news/five-from-smart-elected-to-the-national-academy-of-engineering|title=Five from SMART elected to the National Academy of Engineering|website=SMART|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2020-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706110030/https://smart.mit.edu/news-events/news/five-from-smart-elected-to-the-national-academy-of-engineering|url-status=live}}</ref> He is currently the Cecil and Ida Green Education Professor at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.veritas.org/danielhastings-career/|title=MIT Professor Daniel Hastings Shares 6 Ways His Faith has Shaped His Career|date=2017-04-25|website=The Veritas Forum|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2020-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628114740/http://www.veritas.org/danielhastings-career/}}</ref>
* [[Michał Heller]] (born 1936): Catholic priest, a member of the Pontifical Academy of Theology, a founding member of the ''International Society for Science and Religion''. He also is a mathematical physicist who has written articles on relativistic physics and [[Noncommutative geometry]]. His cross-disciplinary book ''Creative Tension: Essays on Science and Religion'' came out in 2003. For this work he won a Templeton Prize.<ref group="note">He teaches at [[Kraków]], hence the picture of a Basilica from the city.</ref><ref>[http://www.templeton.org/hai_relational_ontology/participants/heller.html Templeton Foundation] {{dead link|date=September 2018|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, [http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JMAPAQ000036000007003644000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes Journal of Mathematical Physics], and [http://www.issr.org.uk/about/founding_members.asp ISSR] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307010942/http://www.issr.org.uk/about/founding_members.asp |date=2005-03-07 }}</ref>
* [[Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.]] (born 1941): American astrophysicist and [[Nobel Prize]] laureate in Physics for his discovery with Russell Alan Hulse of a "new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation". He was the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor in Physics at [[Princeton University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2012daily.com/?q=node/121|title=Nobel Laureate Joseph H. Taylor, Jr.: Scientific Discovery Is also a Religious Discovery {{!}} 2012 Daily|website=2012daily.com|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2020-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123070050/https://2012daily.com/?q=node%2F121|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Colin Humphreys]] (born 1941): British physicist. He is the former Goldsmiths' Professor of Materials Science and a current director of research at the [[University of Cambridge]], professor of experimental physics at the Royal Institution in London and a Fellow of Selwyn College, Cambridge. Humphreys also "studies the Bible when not pursuing his day-job as a materials scientist."<ref>Cambridge University. April 17, 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-23. "The new study is based on earlier research which Professor Humphreys carried out with the Oxford astrophysicist, Graeme Waddington, in 1983. This identified the date of Jesus' crucifixion as the morning of Friday, April 3rd, AD 33 – which has since been widely accepted by other scholars as well. For Professor Humphreys, who only studies the Bible when not pursuing his day-job as a materials scientist, this presented an opportunity to deal with the equally difficult issue of when (and how) Jesus' Last Supper really took place."</ref>
* [[Ian Hutchinson (scientist)]]: physicist and nuclear engineer. He is currently Professor of Nuclear Science and Engineering at the Plasma Science and Fusion Center, [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]].
* [[Christopher Isham]] (born 1944): theoretical physicist who developed [[HPO formalism]]. He teaches at [[Imperial College London]]. In addition to being a physicist, he is a philosopher and theologian.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leaderu.com/offices/schaefer/docs/bigbang.html|title=Stephen Hawking, the Big Bang, and God|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=3 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203033430/http://www.leaderu.com/offices/schaefer/docs/bigbang.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache%3Adc2N-3UPd4cJ%3Awww.fqxi.org%2Fcommunity%2Farticles%2Fdownload%2F__details%2FIsham_Christopher.pdf+christopher+isham+physicist&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShU0T2RqmXJOydIR31_2TL4ir6aeMwwWBI3Di0b-lH13Mj_hwnD0nlpp2Viaw7Pd9IhB6jEi45d0rX5nKizPYZt3TWx1Jv0TUjHYqqLEmdg9Lh9CSw41_Guw0i3Mt0VKR6BiXcE&sig=AHIEtbQopkUaNrcAgVpyR2CBIdsZfu-1sw |title=Christopher Isham |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2021-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308191713/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache%3Adc2N-3UPd4cJ%3Awww.fqxi.org%2Fcommunity%2Farticles%2Fdownload%2F__details%2FIsham_Christopher.pdf+christopher+isham+physicist&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShU0T2RqmXJOydIR31_2TL4ir6aeMwwWBI3Di0b-lH13Mj_hwnD0nlpp2Viaw7Pd9IhB6jEi45d0rX5nKizPYZt3TWx1Jv0TUjHYqqLEmdg9Lh9CSw41_Guw0i3Mt0VKR6BiXcE&sig=AHIEtbQopkUaNrcAgVpyR2CBIdsZfu-1sw |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Stephen R. Kane]] (born 1973): Australian astrophysicist who specializes in exoplanetary science. He is a professor of Astronomy and Planetary Astrophysics at the [[University of California, Riverside]] and a leading expert on the topic of planetary habitability and the habitable zone of planetary systems.<ref name="godandscience.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.godandscience.org/youngearth/age_of_universe_evidence.html|title=An Evaluation of Evidence for the Age of the Universe|website=www.godandscience.org|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2019-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015085536/http://www.godandscience.org/youngearth/age_of_universe_evidence.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Ard Louis]]: professor in theoretical physics at the [[University of Oxford]]. Prior to his post at Oxford he taught theoretical chemistry at the [[University of Cambridge]] where he was also director of studies in Natural Sciences at Hughes Hall. He has written for The BioLogos Forum.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://biologos.org/uploads/projects/louis_white_paper.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110116031611/http://biologos.org/uploads/projects/louis_white_paper.pdf |archive-date=2011-01-16 }}</ref>
* [[Jonathan Lunine]] (born 1959): American planetary scientist and physicist, and the David C. Duncan Professor in the Physical Sciences and director of the Center for Radiophysics and Space Research at [[Cornell University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americamagazine.org/politics-society/2016/11/16/did-you-know-theres-society-catholic-scientists|title=Did you know there's a society for Catholic scientists?|date=2016-11-16|website=America Magazine|language=en|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2019-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217160210/https://www.americamagazine.org/politics-society/2016/11/16/did-you-know-theres-society-catholic-scientists|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Juan Maldacena]] (born 1968): Argentine theoretical physicist and string theorist, best known for the most reliable realization of the holographic principle – the [[AdS/CFT]] correspondence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clarin.com/sociedad/medida-aprendiendo-compatibilizar-ciencia-religion_0_1028297221.html|title=A medida que voy aprendiendo, trato de compatibilizar la ciencia con la religión|work=Clarin.com|date=12 November 2013|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=30 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130023405/http://www.clarin.com/sociedad/medida-aprendiendo-compatibilizar-ciencia-religion_0_1028297221.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a professor at the [[Institute for Advanced Study]] in Princeton, New Jersey and in 2016 became the first Carl P. Feinberg Professor of Theoretical Physics in the institute's School of Natural Sciences.
* Robert B. Mann (born 1955<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uwaterloo.ca/mann-fest/home|title=Home|date=2015-06-11|website=Mann Fest|language=en|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2022-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316155802/https://uwaterloo.ca/physics-astronomy/|url-status=live}}</ref>): professor of physics, [[University of Waterloo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uwaterloo.ca/physics-astronomy/people-profiles/robert-mann|title=Robert Mann|date=2012-04-05|website=Physics and Astronomy|language=en|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2019-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420162620/https://uwaterloo.ca/physics-astronomy/people-profiles/robert-mann|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Perimeter Institute]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://perimeterinstitute.ca/people/robert-mann|title=Robert Mann {{!}} Perimeter Institute|website=perimeterinstitute.ca|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2019-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190907101906/http://perimeterinstitute.ca/people/robert-mann|url-status=live}}</ref> He was president of [[Canadian Association of Physicists]] (2009–10)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cap.ca/about-us/history/past-presidents/|title=CAP Presidents|website=Canadian Association of Physicists|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2019-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420182249/https://www.cap.ca/about-us/history/past-presidents/|url-status=live}}</ref> and of the Canadian Scientific & Christian Affiliation (CSCA).<ref>{{cite web|title=Physics at the Theological Frontiers - The Canadian Scientific and Christian Affiliation|url=https://www.csca.ca/2012/06/26/physics-at-the-theological-frontiers/|website=www.csca.ca|access-date=2020-05-22|archive-date=2021-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302193442/https://www.csca.ca/2012/06/26/physics-at-the-theological-frontiers/|url-status=live}}</ref> He was a plenary speaker at the 2018 conference of the CSCA and [[Trinity Western University]],<ref>{{Citation|title=Robert B. Mann: The Edge (Physics & Theology)| date=30 August 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qHqp5zLkrbg |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/qHqp5zLkrbg |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|language=en|access-date=2019-09-06}}{{cbignore}}</ref> was the program chair for the 2014 meeting and co-chair for the 2023 meeting of the [[American Scientific Affiliation]] and the [[Canadian Scientific & Christian Affiliation]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Annual Meeting History|url=https://network.asa3.org/page/AnnMtgPast |language=en|access-date=2023-02-28}}</ref>
* [[Ross H. McKenzie]] (born 1960): Australian physicist who is Professor of Physics at the [[University of Queensland]]. From 2008 to 2012 he held an Australian Professorial Fellowship from the [[Australian Research Council]]. He works on quantum many-body theory of complex materials ranging from organic superconductors to biomolecules to rare-earth oxide catalysts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whyibelieve.org.au/mckenzie.html|title=McKenzie|website=whyibelieve.org.au|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2019-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002012731/http://whyibelieve.org.au/mckenzie.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Barth Netterfield]] (born 1968): Canadian astrophysicist and professor in the department of astronomy and the department of physics at the [[University of Toronto]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Barth Netterfield at McMaster, "Looking Back to the Beginning: an Astrophysicist Discusses Microwaves, Balloons, and God" - The Canadian Scientific and Christian Affiliation|url=https://www.csca.ca/events/event/barth-netterfield-looking-back-to-the-beginning-an-astrophysicist-discusses-microwaves-balloons-and-god/|website=www.csca.ca|access-date=2020-05-22|archive-date=2020-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803150808/https://www.csca.ca/events/event/barth-netterfield-looking-back-to-the-beginning-an-astrophysicist-discusses-microwaves-balloons-and-god/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Don Page (physicist)|Don Page]] (born 1948):<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/34294|title=Don Page|date=March 26, 2015|website=www.aip.org|access-date=March 16, 2022|archive-date=October 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029011728/https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/34294|url-status=live}}</ref> Canadian theoretical physicist and practicing Evangelical Christian, Page is known for having published several journal articles with [[Stephen Hawking]].<ref name="BlackHoleWarBook">{{cite book |last=Susskind |first=Leonard |title=The Black Hole War: My battle with Stephen Hawking to make the world safe for quantum mechanics |url=https://archive.org/details/blackholewarmyba00suss_937 |url-access=limited |year=2008 |publisher=Little, Brown |isbn=978-0-316-01640-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/blackholewarmyba00suss_937/page/n253 253]}}</ref><ref name="Holder2013">{{cite book |last=Holder |first=Rodney |title=Big Bang Big God: A Universe Designed for Life? |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AUeAAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA128 |date=18 October 2013 |publisher=Lion Books |isbn=978-0-7459-5626-8 |pages=128–129 |access-date=16 March 2022 |archive-date=7 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107045522/https://books.google.com/books?id=AUeAAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA128 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[William Daniel Phillips]] (born 1948): 1997 [[Nobel Prize]] laureate in Physics (1997) who is a founding member of The International Society for Science and Religion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.issr.org.uk/about/founding_members.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307010942/http://www.issr.org.uk/about/founding_members.asp|title=Founding Members of ISSR|archive-date=7 March 2005|access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref>
* [[Karin Öberg]] (born 1982): [[Swedish people|Swedish]] [[Astrochemistry|astrochemist]],<ref name=":0">{{cite web|last=Öberg|first=Karin I.|year=2009|title=''Complex processes in simple ices – Laboratory and observational studies of gas-grain interactions during star formation'' (Ph.D.)|website=www.strw.leidenuniv.nl|url=https://www.strw.leidenuniv.nl/events/phdtheses/oberg/oberg_thesis.pdf|access-date=2018-04-02|archive-date=2011-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104062809/http://www.strw.leidenuniv.nl/events/phdtheses/oberg/oberg_thesis.pdf}}</ref> professor of [[Astronomy]] at [[Harvard University]] and leader of the Öberg Astrochemistry Group at the [[Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics|Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url = https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~koberg/Home.html|title = Home|website = The Öberg Astrochemistry Group|publisher = Harvard University|last = Öberg|first = Karin|access-date = 2022-03-16|archive-date = 2018-12-12|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181212010855/https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~koberg/Home.html|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[Eric Priest]] (born 1943): [[astrophysicist]] and authority on Solar Magnetohydrodynamics who won the [[George Ellery Hale Prize]] among others. He has spoken on Christianity and Science at the [[University of St. Andrews]] where he is an emeritus professor and is a member of the [[Faraday Institute]]. He is also interested in prayer, meditation, and Christian psychology.<ref>[http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/faraday/Advisory.php?UID=14 Faraday Institute] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230213009/http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/faraday/Advisory.php?UID=14 |date=2006-12-30 }} and [http://www-solar.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~eric/interests.html Eric Priest's website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617191657/http://www-solar.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~eric/interests.html |date=2017-06-17 }}</ref>
* [[Hugh Ross (astrophysicist)|Hugh Ross]] (born July 24, 1945): Canadian astrophysicist, Christian apologist, and old Earth creationist. Ross obtained his [[Ph.D.]] in Astronomy from the [[University of Toronto]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Utter |first=Glenn |date=August 1, 2001 |title=The Religious Right, 2nd Edition |url=https://archive.org/details/religiousrightre00utte_0/page/111 |publisher=ABC-Clio Inc |isbn=978-1-57607-212-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/religiousrightre00utte_0/page/111 111] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncbc.net/#/about-ncbc/meet-our-faculty |title=Faculty Page |website=Meet Our Faculty |publisher=Northern California Bible College |access-date=January 14, 2014 |archive-date=October 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021060532/http://ncbc.net/#/about-ncbc/meet-our-faculty |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/theses/theses30-96.html|title=U of Toronto Astronomy Department Theses 1930-1996|website=www.astro.utoronto.ca|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022190446/http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/theses/theses30-96.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and his [[B.Sc.]] degree in physics from the [[University of British Columbia]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.reasons.org/about/who-we-are/hugh-ross | title=Reasons to Believe - About -Who We Are | publisher=[[Reasons to Believe]] | date=2012 | access-date=2012-05-18 | archive-date=2017-10-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020162028/http://www.reasons.org/about/who-we-are/hugh-ross | url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Suchitra Sebastian]]: Indian condensed matter physicist and Professor of Physics at the [[University of Cambridge]]. She is known for her work in quantum materials, particularly for the discovery of unconventional insulating materials which display simultaneous conduction-like behaviour. She was named as one of thirty "Exceptional Young Scientists" by the [[World Economic Forum]] in 2013 and one of the top ten "Next big names in Physics" by the ''[[Financial Times]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/the-thrill-of-discovery/article5149512.ece/|title = The thrill of discovery|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 21 September 2013|last1 = Spratt|first1 = Radha|access-date = 16 March 2022|archive-date = 17 July 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210717211850/https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/the-thrill-of-discovery/article5149512.ece|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[Marlan Scully]] (born 1939): American physicist best known for his work in theoretical quantum optics. He is a professor at [[Texas A&M University]] and [[Princeton University]]. Additionally, in 2012 he developed a lab at the [[Baylor Research and Innovation Collaborative]] in Waco, Texas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://baylorlariat.com/2011/10/18/baylor-welcomes-renowned-researcher/|title=Baylor welcomes renowned researcher {{!}} The Baylor Lariat|date=18 October 2011 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2019-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906092631/https://baylorlariat.com/2011/10/18/baylor-welcomes-renowned-researcher/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Andrew Steane]]: British physicist who is Professor of Physics at the [[University of Oxford]]. His major works to date are on error correction in quantum information processing, including [[Steane code]]s. He was awarded the Maxwell Medal and Prize of the Institute of Physics in 2000.<ref>{{Cite book|url= http://researcherslinks.com/current-issues/Andrew-Steane-Faithful-to-Science-The-Role-of-Science-in-Religion-Oxford-University-Press-2014-255pp-1999-ISBN9780198716044/9/7/146/html|title= Faithful to Science: The Role of Science in Religion|publisher= Oxford University Press|year= 2014|page= 255|isbn= 978-0-19-871604-4|access-date= 2022-03-16|archive-date= 2021-03-01|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210301083057/http://researcherslinks.com/current-issues/Andrew-Steane-Faithful-to-Science-The-Role-of-Science-in-Religion-Oxford-University-Press-2014-255pp-1999-ISBN9780198716044/9/7/146/html|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://users.physics.ox.ac.uk/~Steane/short_biog.pdf |title=Andrew Steane: Short Biography |website=Oxford University |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119213613/https://users.physics.ox.ac.uk/~Steane/short_biog.pdf |archive-date=2021-11-19}}</ref>
* Michael G. Strauss (born 1958): American experimental particle physicist. He is a David Ross Boyd Professor at the [[University of Oklahoma]] in Norman<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ou.edu/cas/physics-astronomy/people/profiles/strauss.html|title=Strauss|website=www.ou.edu|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2022-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316155807/https://www.ou.edu/cas/physics-astronomy/people/profiles/strauss|url-status=live}}</ref> and a member of the [[ATLAS experiment]] at [[CERN]] that discovered the [[Higgs Boson]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite journal| doi=10.1016/j.physletb.2012.08.020 | arxiv=1207.7214 | bibcode=2012PhLB..716....1A | volume=716 | title=Observation of a new particle in the search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC | year=2012 | journal=Physics Letters B | pages=1–29 | last1 = Aad | first1 = G.| issue=1 | s2cid=119169617 }}</ref> He is author of the book ''The Creator Revealed: A Physicist Examines the Big Bang and the Bible''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.westbowpress.com/en/bookstore/bookdetails/765527-the-creator-revealed|title=The Creator Revealed|website=WestBowPress|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2022-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101142258/https://www.westbowpress.com/en/bookstore/bookdetails/765527-the-creator-revealed|url-status=live}}</ref> and one of the general editors of Zondervan's ''Dictionary of Christianity and Science''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zondervanacademic.com/products/dictionary-of-christianity-and-science|title=Dictionary of Christianity and Science|website=Zondervan Academic|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309054656/https://zondervanacademic.com/products/dictionary-of-christianity-and-science|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Donna Strickland]] (born 1959): Canadian optical physicist and pioneer in the field of pulsed lasers. She was awarded the [[Nobel Prize]] in Physics in 2018 for the practical implementation of chirped pulse amplification. She is a professor at the [[University of Waterloo]] and she served as fellow, vice president, and president of [[The Optical Society]], and is currently chair of their Presidential Advisory Committee.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://broadview.org/donna-strickland-is-a-church-lady-and-a-nobel-prize-winning-scientist/|title = How this Nobel winner balances physics and faith|date = 28 March 2019|access-date = 16 March 2022|archive-date = 3 January 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220103000619/https://broadview.org/donna-strickland-is-a-church-lady-and-a-nobel-prize-winning-scientist/|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[Jeffery Lewis Tallon]] (born 1948): New Zealand physicist specializing in high-temperature superconductors. He was awarded the [[Rutherford Medal (Royal Society of New Zealand)|Rutherford Medal]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.royalsociety.org.nz/programmes/awards/rutherford-medal/recipients/ |title=Rutherford Medal |publisher=Royal Society of New Zealand |access-date=5 November 2014 |archive-date=13 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313111204/http://www.royalsociety.org.nz/programmes/awards/rutherford-medal/recipients/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the highest award in New Zealand science. In the [[2009 Birthday Honours|2009 Queen's Birthday Honours]] he was appointed a [[New Zealand Order of Merit|Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit]] for services to science.<ref>{{Citation|title=Interview with Prof. Jeff Tallon about his faith| date=19 March 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uChUUowga8k |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/uChUUowga8k |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|language=en|access-date=2019-09-06}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* [[Frank J. Tipler]] (born 1947): mathematical physicist and cosmologist, holding a joint appointment in the Departments of Mathematics and Physics at Tulane University. Tipler has authored books and papers on the [[Omega Point]], which he claims is a mechanism for the [[resurrection of the dead]]. His theological and scientific theorizing are not without controversy, but he has some supporters; for instance, Christian theologian [[Wolfhart Pannenberg]] has defended his theology,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9744.1989.tb01112.x | volume=24 | issue=2 | journal=Zygon | pages=217–253 | last1 = Tipler | first1 = Frank J.| title=The Omega Point as Eschaton: Answers to Pannenberg's Questions for Scientists | year=1989 | doi-access=free }}</ref> and physicist [[David Deutsch]] has incorporated Tipler's idea of an Omega Point.<ref>{{cite book |last=Deutsch |first=David |year=1997 |title=The Fabric of Reality: The Science of Parallel Universes—and Its Implications |___location=London |publisher=[[Penguin Press]] |isbn=0-7139-9061-9 |chapter=The Ends of the Universe |chapter-url-access=registration |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/fabricofrealitys00deut }}</ref>
* [[Daniel C. Tsui]] (born 1939): Chinese-born American physicist whose areas of research included electrical properties of thin films and microstructures of semiconductors and solid-state physics. In 1998 Tsui was awarded the [[Nobel Prize]] in Physics for his contributions to the discovery of the fractional quantum Hall effect. He was the Arthur LeGrand Doty Professor of Electrical Engineering at [[Princeton University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1998/tsui/biographical/|title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330120525/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1998/tsui/biographical/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>https://www4.hku.hk/hongrads/citations/nobel-laureate-phd-fnas-faps-faaas-honorary-degree-of-doctor-of-science-daniel-chee-tsui-daniel-tsui-chee {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606005755/https://www4.hku.hk/hongrads/citations/nobel-laureate-phd-fnas-faps-faaas-honorary-degree-of-doctor-of-science-daniel-chee-tsui-daniel-tsui-chee |date=2021-06-06 }}></ref>
* [[David C. Watts]] (born 1945): British biophysicist who is a professor of Biomaterials Science at the University of Manchester: co-discoverer of the KWW stretched-exponential function for relaxation phenomena in condensed media and expert on photopolymerised composite biomaterials. He advocates constructive engagement between Christianity and science and is a member of the Faraday Institute.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David-Watts|title=David WATTS | Professor of Biomaterials Science | BSc, PhD, DSc | The University of Manchester, Manchester | School of Dentistry | Research profile}}</ref>
* [[Rogier Windhorst]] (born 1955): Dutch astrophysicist who is Foundation Professor of Astrophysics at [[Arizona State University]] and co-director of the ASU Cosmology Initiative. He is one of the six Interdisciplinary Scientists worldwide for the [[James Webb Space Telescope]], and member of the JWST Flight Science Working Group.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.godandscience.org/youngearth/age_of_universe_evidence.html|title=An Evaluation of Evidence for the Age of the Universe|website=www.godandscience.org|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509204339/http://godandscience.org/youngearth/age_of_universe_evidence.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Jennifer Wiseman]]: Chief of the Laboratory for Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics at NASA [[Goddard Space Flight Center]]. An aerial of the center is shown. In addition she is a co-discoverer of [[114P/Wiseman-Skiff]]. In religion is a Fellow of the [[American Scientific Affiliation]] and on June 16, 2010, became the new director for the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]'s Dialogue on Science, Ethics, and Religion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaas.org/spp/dser/02_Events/Registration/welcome_2010.shtml |title=AAAS - AAAS Dialogue on Science, Ethics, and Religion - Re-Envisioning the Science and Religion Dialogue |access-date=2010-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616222515/http://www.aaas.org/spp/dser/02_Events/Registration/welcome_2010.shtml |archive-date=2010-06-16 }}</ref>
* [[Antonino Zichichi]] (born 1929): Italian nuclear physicist and former president of the [[Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare]]. He has worked with the Vatican on relations between the Church and Science.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ccsem.infn.it/em/zichichi/short_bio.html|title=EMFCSC – Professor Antonino Zichichi's Short Biography|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=18 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218004515/http://www.ccsem.infn.it/em/zichichi/short_bio.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=icoiYmJHO-MC|title=International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies|access-date=15 January 2015|isbn=978-981-279-700-1|last1=Zichichi|first1=Antonino|year=2001|publisher=World Scientific |archive-date=22 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622132026/https://books.google.com/books?id=icoiYmJHO-MC|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Earth sciences ===
* [[Katey Walter Anthony]] (born 1976): American aquatic ecologist and biogeochemist researching carbon and nutrient cycling between terrestrial and aquatic systems, and the cryosphere and atmosphere. She is a professor at the [[University of Alaska Fairbanks]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://biologos.org/podcast-episodes/katey-walter-anthony-science-faith-thermokarst-lakes/|title=Katey Walter Anthony | Science, Faith & Thermokarst Lakes - Podcast Episode|website=BioLogos}}</ref>
* [[Lorence G. Collins]] (born 1931): American [[petrologist]], best known for his extensive research on [[metasomatism]]. He is known for his opposition to creationism and has written several articles presenting his Christian philosophy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csun.edu/~vcgeo005/creation.html |title=Articles in opposition to creationism |last=Collins |first=Lorence |access-date=5 March 2020 |archive-date=5 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105123107/http://www.csun.edu/~vcgeo005/Carol%202.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Katharine Hayhoe]] (born 1972): [[atmospheric sciences|atmospheric scientist]] and professor of political science at [[Texas Tech University]], where she is director of the Climate Science Center.<ref name=Banerjee>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2011-dec-07-la-na-evangelical-warming-20111207-story.html|title=Spreading the global warming gospel|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=December 7, 2011|access-date=September 8, 2013|author=Banerjee, Neela|archive-date=September 21, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921142421/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/07/nation/la-na-evangelical-warming-20111207|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Mike Hulme]] (born 1960): professor of human geography in the department of geography at the [[University of Cambridge]]. He was formerly professor of Climate and Culture at [[King's College London]] (2013–2017) and is the author of ''[[Why We Disagree About Climate Change]]''. He has said of his Christian faith, "I believe because I have not discovered a better explanation of beauty, truth and love than that they emerge in a world created – willed into being – by a God who personifies beauty, truth and love."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/religion/2011/04/god-believe-faith-world-belief|title=I'm a believer|date=20 April 2011|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=1 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901224722/http://www.newstatesman.com/religion/2011/04/god-believe-faith-world-belief|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[John Suppe]] (born 1942): professor of geology at [[National Taiwan University]], Geosciences Emeritus at [[Princeton University]]. He has written articles like "Thoughts on the Epistemology of Christianity in Light of Science."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.wheaton.edu/ACG/essays/suppe3.html|title=Thoughts on the Epistemology of Christianity in Light of Science|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=8 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408151116/http://www2.wheaton.edu/ACG/essays/suppe3.html}}</ref>
* [[Bob White (geophysicist)|Robert (Bob) White]]: British geophysicist and Professor of Geophysics in the Earth Sciences department at the [[University of Cambridge]]. He is director of the Faraday Institute for Science and Religion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rejesus.co.uk/site/module/faith_v_science/P9/index.html |title=Jesus Christ homepage at Rejesus {{pipe}}:{{pipe}} Faith v science? |access-date=2018-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021131511/http://www.rejesus.co.uk/site/module/faith_v_science/P9/index.html |archive-date=2017-10-21 }}</ref>
* [[Dawn Wright]] (born 1961): American geographer and oceanographer, professor at Oregon State University, and Chief Scientist of the [[Environmental Systems Research Institute]]. She is a leading authority in the application of geographic information system (GIS) technology to the field of ocean and coastal science.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://biologos.org/podcast-episodes/dawn-wright-a-divine-abyss/|title=Dawn Wright | A Divine Abyss - Podcast Episode|website=BioLogos}}</ref>
=== Engineering ===
* [[Audrey Ellerbee Bowden]]: American engineer and Dorothy J. Wingfield Phillips Chancellor's Faculty Fellow at [[Vanderbilt University]], as well as an associate professor of biomedical engineering and electrical engineering. Her research in biomedical optics focuses on developing new imaging techniques and devices for optical coherence tomography and for applications in medical diagnostics, cancer therapy, and low-cost point-of-care technologies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2020/march/audrey-bowden-biomedical-engineer-christian-women-in-scienc.html|title=Audrey Bowden|date=17 February 2020 |access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2022-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308000531/https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2020/march/audrey-bowden-biomedical-engineer-christian-women-in-scienc.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://thewell.intervarsity.org/wap-woman-wednesdays/audrey-bowden-wap-woman-wednesdays|title = Audrey Bowden: WAP Woman Wednesdays|date = 18 September 2019|access-date = 16 March 2022|archive-date = 6 June 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210606035252/https://thewell.intervarsity.org/wap-woman-wednesdays/audrey-bowden-wap-woman-wednesdays|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[Jennifer Sinclair Curtis]] (born 1960): American engineer and the Dean of the [[University of California, Davis]]' College of Engineering from 2013 until 2020. She is credited with models of particulate flow that have been adopted extensively in commercial and open-source computational fluid dynamics software code.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://meettheprof.com/view/professors/entry/jennifer-curtis/?pagenum=4|title=Professor Jennifer Curtis?pagenum=4 {{pipe}} Meet The Prof|website=meettheprof.com|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709215411/https://meettheprof.com/view/professors/entry/jennifer-curtis/?pagenum=4|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[John Dabiri]] (born 1980): Nigerian-American bioengineer and the Centennial Chair Professor at the [[California Institute of Technology]], with appointments in the Graduate Aerospace Laboratories (GALCIT) and Mechanical Engineering. He is a [[MacArthur Fellow]] and one of ''[[Popular Science]]'' magazine's "Brilliant 10" scientists in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.popsci.com/kalee-thompson/article/2008-10/jellyfish-engineer |title=Popular Science Homepage |access-date=2012-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308110918/http://www.popsci.com/kalee-thompson/article/2008-10/jellyfish-engineer |archive-date=2012-03-08 }}</ref>
* [[Steve Furber]] (born 1953): British computer scientist, mathematician and hardware engineer, currently the ICL Professor of Computer Engineering in the Department of Computer Science at the [[University of Manchester]]. He leads research into asynchronous systems, low-power electronics and neural engineering, where the [[SpiNNaker|Spiking Neural Network Architecture (SpiNNaker)]] project is delivering a computer incorporating a million ARM processors optimised for computational neuroscience.<ref>{{cite interview |subject-first=Steve |subject-last=Furber |interviewer=Thomas Lean |url=https://sounds.bl.uk/related-content/TRANSCRIPTS/021T-C1379X0078XX-0000A0.pdf |title=An Oral History of British Science |website=British Library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305025119/http://sounds.bl.uk/related-content/TRANSCRIPTS/021T-C1379X0078XX-0000A0.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210614021304/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8sZApMShqpM| archive-date = 2021-06-14| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8sZApMShqpM| title = YouTube, a Google company | website=[[YouTube]]| date = 17 May 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* [[Pat Gelsinger]] (born 1962): American computer engineer, architect, and CEO of [[Intel Corporation]] and former CEO of [[VMware]]. He was the architect and design manager on the [[Intel 80486]] which provided the processing power needed for the personal computer revolution through the 1980s into the 1990s, and also served as the company's [[Chief technology officer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://smartbear.com/blog/test-and-monitor/gelsinger-and-meyer-two-cpu-designers-who-changed/|title=Gelsinger and Meyer: Two CPU Designers Who Changed the World|website=SmartBear.com|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2019-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906093400/https://smartbear.com/blog/test-and-monitor/gelsinger-and-meyer-two-cpu-designers-who-changed/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://findinggodinsiliconvalley.com/pat-gelsinger-ceo-of-vmware-balancing-faith-family-and-work/|title=Pat Gelsinger, CEO of VMware — Balancing Faith, Family, and Work|date=2013-10-29|website=Finding God in Silicon Valley|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2020-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709030636/https://findinggodinsiliconvalley.com/pat-gelsinger-ceo-of-vmware-balancing-faith-family-and-work/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Jeremy Gibbons]]: British computer scientist and professor of computing at the [[University of Oxford]]. He serves as deputy director of the [[Software Engineering Programme]] in the Department of Computer Science, Governing Body Fellow at Kellogg College and Pro-Proctor of the University of Oxford.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/jer_gib?lang=en |title= Jeremy Gibbons (@jer_gib) {{pipe}} Twitter|website=twitter.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705025646/https://twitter.com/jer_gib?lang=en |archive-date=2021-07-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://dcmoxford.org/people|title=People|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2022-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314070831/https://dcmoxford.org/people|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Donald Knuth]] (born 1938): American computer scientist, mathematician, and professor emeritus at [[Stanford University]]. He is the author of the multi-volume work [[The Art of Computer Programming]] and ''3:16 Bible Texts Illuminated'' (1991), {{ISBN|0-89579-252-4}}.<ref>252</ref>
* [[Michael C. McFarland]] (born 1948): American computer scientist and president of the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts
* [[Jelani Nelson]] (born 1984): American computer scientist and Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. He won the 2014 [[Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers]]. He specializes in sketching and streaming algorithms.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2015/05/the-books-that-shaped-them/|title = The books that shaped them|date = 28 May 2015|access-date = 16 March 2022|archive-date = 13 March 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220313004956/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2015/05/the-books-that-shaped-them/|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[Rosalind Picard]] (born 1962): professor of Media Arts and Sciences at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], director and also the founder of the [[Affective Computing]] Research Group at the MIT Media Lab, co-director of the Things That Think Consortium, and chief scientist and co-founder of [[Affectiva]]. Picard says that she was raised an atheist, but converted to Christianity as a young adult.<ref>Petricevic, Mirko (2007-11-03). "A scientist who embraces God". The Record (Kitchener, Ontario: Metroland Media Group Ltd.). Retrieved 2008-05-06.</ref>
* [[Peter Robinson (computer scientist)]] (born 1952): British computer scientist who is Professor of Computer Technology at the [[University of Cambridge]] Computer Laboratory in England, where he works in the Rainbow Group on computer graphics and interaction.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.cai.cam.ac.uk/people/peter-robinson|title = Professor Peter Robinson|date = February 2013|access-date = 2022-03-16|archive-date = 2021-11-30|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211130231124/http://www.cai.cam.ac.uk/people/peter-robinson|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.faraday.cam.ac.uk/resources/multimedia/machines-in-the-image-of-god/|title = Machines in the Image of God|date = 7 March 2013|access-date = 16 March 2022|archive-date = 14 June 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210614215004/https://www.faraday.cam.ac.uk/resources/multimedia/machines-in-the-image-of-god/|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[Lionel Tarassenko]]: holder of the chair in electrical engineering at the [[University of Oxford]] since 1997, and is most noted for his work on the applications of neural networks. He led the development of the Sharp LogiCook, the first microwave oven to incorporate neural networks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stpauls.co.uk/documents/St%20Paul's%20Institute/St%20Paul's%20Institute%2008/Seeking%20Truth%20programme%202008.doc|title=Lionel Tarassenko|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2020-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629160640/https://www.stpauls.co.uk/documents/St%20Paul%27s%20Institute/St%20Paul%27s%20Institute%2008/Seeking%20Truth%20programme%202008.doc|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.veritas.org/science-are-we-machines/|title = Science: Are We Machines?|date = 2008-01-26|access-date = 2018-05-06|archive-date = 2018-05-07|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180507085517/http://www.veritas.org/science-are-we-machines/}}</ref>
* [[James Tour]] (born 1959): professor of [[nanotechnology]] and materials at [[Rice University]], Texas; recognized as one of the world's leading nano-engineers.<ref name=Strobel2000>{{Citation |last=Strobel |first=Lee |title=The Case For Faith |year=2000 |page=[https://archive.org/details/caseforfaith00lees/page/111 111] |publisher=Harper Collins |isbn=0-310-23469-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/caseforfaith00lees/page/111 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=James Tour |url = https://www.jmtour.com/personal-topics/personal-statement/|title = Personal Statement}}</ref>
* [[George Varghese]] (born 1960): currently the chancellor's professor in the department of computer science at [[UCLA]] and former principal researcher at [[Microsoft Research]].<ref>{{cite web |author=George Varghese |url=http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~varghese/whyIbelieve.pdf |title=Why I Believe |website=University of California San Diego |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516210213/https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~varghese/whyIbelieve.pdf |archive-date=2021-05-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://web.cs.ucla.edu/~varghese/ | title=George Varghese |website=George Varghese | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2022-01-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104041341/http://web.cs.ucla.edu/~varghese/ | url-status=live }}</ref>{{self-published inline|date=September 2024}}
*[[Larry Wall]] (born September 27, 1954): creator of [[Perl]], a programming language.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2008/07/larry-wall-fundamentalist-non-creationist-programmer/|title = Larry Wall, Fundamentalist, non-Creationist, programmer|date = 2008-07-02|access-date = 2015-12-29|archive-date = 2016-03-05|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305021840/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2008/07/larry-wall-fundamentalist-non-creationist-programmer/}}</ref>
* [[Ian H. White]] (born 1959): British engineer who is the [[van Eck Professor of Engineering]] at the [[University of Cambridge]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jesus.cam.ac.uk/people/ian-white|title=Professor Ian White FREng|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715073755/https://www.jesus.cam.ac.uk/people/ian-white|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as Vice-Chancellor for the [[University of Bath]]. Highlights of his research have included: the development of the first all-optical [[laser diode]] [[Flip-flop (electronics)|flip-flop]], the first negative [[chirp]] [[Electro-absorption modulator|electroabsorption modulator]] and the invention of a technique for transmitting radio frequency signals over long distances of [[Multimode fiber|multimode optical fibre]].<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.faraday.cam.ac.uk/resources/multimedia/scientific-life-for-the-christian/|title = Scientific Life for the Christian|date = 26 November 2018|access-date = 16 March 2022|archive-date = 28 January 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220128190152/https://www.faraday.cam.ac.uk/resources/multimedia/scientific-life-for-the-christian/|url-status = live}}</ref>
=== Others ===
* [[Justin L. Barrett]] (born 1971): [[United States|American]] [[experimental psychologist]] and director of the Thrive Center for Human Development and Professor of Psychology at Fuller Graduate School of Psychology after being a researcher at the [[University of Oxford]], Barrett is a cognitive scientist specializing in the cognitive science of religion. He has published "Cognitive Science, Religion, and Theology" (Templeton Press, 2011). Barrett has been described by the ''New York Times'' as "an observant Christian who believes in 'an all-knowing, all-powerful, perfectly good God who brought the universe into being,' as he wrote in an e-mail message. 'I believe that the purpose for people is to love God and love each other.{{'"}}<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/04/magazine/04evolution.t.html?pagewanted=11&ei=5087%0A&em&en=166dbd9e75680e73&ex=1173243600 | work=The New York Times | title=Darwin's God | date=2007-03-04 | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2018-06-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629024025/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/04/magazine/04evolution.t.html?pagewanted=11&ei=5087 | url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[David A. Booth]] (born 1938): British [[Applied psychology|applied psychologist]] whose research and teaching centre on the processes in the mind that situate actions and reactions by people, members of other species, and socially intelligent engineered systems. He is an honorary professor in the School of Psychology at the [[University of Sussex]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Prof David Booth |website=University of Sussex | url=https://profiles.sussex.ac.uk/p335100-david-booth}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://christianacademicnetwork.net/Perspectives/0%200%200%207%20CiS-ASA%20Edinbr%20final%20PDF2010.pdf | title=Biblical Creationism | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2021-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820161747/http://christianacademicnetwork.net/Perspectives/0%200%200%207%20CiS-ASA%20Edinbr%20final%20PDF2010.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[John Lennox]] (born 1943): Northern Irish [[mathematician]] (Emeritus Professor of Mathematics at the [[University of Oxford]]), [[bioethicist]], and [[Christian apologist]]. He has written many books on religion, ethics, the relationship between science and God.
*[[Robert A. Emmons]] (born 1958): American psychologist who is regarded as the world's leading scientific expert on gratitude.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mentorcoach.com/positive-psychology-coaching/interviews/interview-robert-emmons-2/ | title=Interview with Robert A. Emmons | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2021-04-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414204503/https://www.mentorcoach.com/positive-psychology-coaching/interviews/interview-robert-emmons-2/ | url-status=live }}</ref> He is a professor of psychology at [[UC Davis]] and the editor-in-chief of ''The Journal of Positive Psychology''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.first30days.com/experts/dr-robert-emmons|title=Dr. Robert Emmons – New Directions Expert {{!}} First30Days|website=www.first30days.com|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2020-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728071916/https://www.first30days.com/experts/dr-robert-emmons|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://cct.biola.edu/psychology-gratitude-robert-emmons-saying-thanks-makes-happier/|title = The Psychology of Gratitude: Robert Emmons on How Saying Thanks Makes You Happier|date = 19 November 2018|access-date = 16 March 2022|archive-date = 14 June 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210614221009/https://cct.biola.edu/psychology-gratitude-robert-emmons-saying-thanks-makes-happier/|url-status = live}}</ref>
*[[Nancy E. Hill]]: American developmental psychologist and the Charles Bigelow Professor of Education at [[Harvard University]]. Hill is an expert on the impact of parental involvement in adolescent development, cultural influences on minority youth development, and academic discourse socialization, defined as parents' academic beliefs, expectations, and behaviors that foster their children's academic and career goals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.godreports.com/2016/12/%ef%bb%bfthe-harvard-and-mit-profs-who-are-outspoken-christians/|title=4 Harvard and MIT professors who believe in God {{pipe}} God Reports|first=Michael|last=Ashcraft|date=December 21, 2016|access-date=March 16, 2022|archive-date=June 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606021850/https://www.godreports.com/2016/12/%EF%BB%BFthe-harvard-and-mit-profs-who-are-outspoken-christians/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcheights.com/2015/03/23/forum-analyzes-motivation-behind-martin-luther-king-jr-s-words-actions/|title=Forum Analyzes Motivation Behind Martin Luther King Jr.'s Words, Actions|date=23 March 2015|access-date=16 March 2022|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606021852/https://www.bcheights.com/2015/03/23/forum-analyzes-motivation-behind-martin-luther-king-jr-s-words-actions/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://shoutout.wix.com/so/12N9s3e0a|title=Harvard Professor Nancy Hill|website=shoutout.wix.com|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2022-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101142249/https://shoutout.wix.com/so/12N9s3e0a|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[William B. Hurlbut]]: [[bioethics|bioethicist]] and consulting professor in the Department of Neurobiology at the [[Stanford University Medical Center]]. He served for eight years on the [[President's Council on Bioethics]] and is nationally known for his advocacy of [[Altered Nuclear Transfer]] (ANT). He is a Christian of no denomination and did three years of post-doctoral study in theology and medical ethics at Stanford.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stanford.edu/~ethics/Site/Main.html|title=Main|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=30 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830115339/http://www.stanford.edu/~ethics/Site/Main.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/news/science/articles/2004/11/21/new_technique_eyed_in_stem_cell_debate?pg=full|title=Boston.com / News / Science / New technique eyed in stem-cell debate|website=www.boston.com|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2007-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830055317/http://www.boston.com/news/science/articles/2004/11/21/new_technique_eyed_in_stem_cell_debate?pg=full|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Denis Lamoureux]] (born 1954): [[evolutionary creationist]]. He holds a professorial chair of science and religion at [[St. Joseph's College, Edmonton|St. Joseph's College]] at the [[University of Alberta]]—the first of its kind in Canada. Co-wrote (with Phillip E. Johnson) ''Darwinism Defeated? The Johnson-Lamoureux Debate on Biological Origins'' (1999). Wrote ''Evolutionary Creation: A Christian Approach to Evolution'' (2008).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ualberta.ca/~dlamoure/|title=Denis O. Lamoureux Webpage|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=3 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203093142/http://www.ualberta.ca/~dlamoure/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Alister McGrath]] (born 1953): prolific Anglican theologian who has written on the relationship between science and theology in ''[[A Scientific Theology]]''. McGrath holds two doctorates from the [[University of Oxford]], a DPhil in Molecular Biophysics and a Doctor of Divinity in Theology. He has responded to the [[new atheists]] in several books, i.e. ''[[The Dawkins Delusion?]]''. He is the ''Andreas Idreos'' Professor of Science and Religion at Oxford.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ianramseycentre.info/blog/new-andreas-idreos-professor-of-science-and-religion-.html|title=New Andreas Idreos Professor of Science and Religion|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212082314/http://www.ianramseycentre.info/blog/new-andreas-idreos-professor-of-science-and-religion-.html|archive-date=2013-12-12}}</ref>
*[[David Myers (academic)]] (born 1942): American psychologist and Professor of Psychology at [[Hope College]]. He is the author of several books, including popular textbooks entitled Psychology, Exploring Psychology, Social Psychology and general-audience books dealing with issues related to Christian faith as well as scientific psychology.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.cardus.ca/comment/article/redeeming-psychology-means-taking-psychological-science-seriously/|title = Redeeming Psychology means taking psychological science seriously|date = June 2009|access-date = 2022-03-16|archive-date = 2021-06-17|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210617151634/https://www.cardus.ca/comment/article/redeeming-psychology-means-taking-psychological-science-seriously/|url-status = live}}</ref>
*[[Bienvenido Nebres]] (born 1940): [[Filipino people|Filipino]] [[mathematician]], president of [[Ateneo de Manila University]], and an honoree of the [[National Scientist of the Philippines]] award
* [[Andrew Pinsent]] (born 1966): Catholic priest, is the Research Director of the Ian Ramsey Centre for Science and Religion at the [[University of Oxford]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andrewpinsent.info/|title=Andrew Pinsent – Home|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=19 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119061722/http://www.andrewpinsent.info/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://delphiwww.cern.ch/pubxx/delnote/dn_all.html|title=DELPHI Notes|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=15 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615183043/http://delphiwww.cern.ch/pubxx/delnote/dn_all.html}}</ref>
*[[Michael Reiss]] (born 1960): [[United Kingdom|British]] [[bioethicist]], science educator, and an [[Anglican]] priest. He was director of education at the [[Royal Society]] from 2006 to 2008. Reiss has campaigned for the [[teaching of evolution]],<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_8171000/8171722.stm | work=BBC News | title=Today: Tuesday 28 July 2009 | date=2009-07-28 | access-date=2022-03-16 | archive-date=2021-02-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225042603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_8171000/8171722.stm | url-status=live }}</ref> and is Professor of Science Education at the [[Institute of Education]], [[University of London]], where he is Pro-Director of Research and Development.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ioe.ac.uk/staff/CPAT/GEMS_71.html|title=Michael Reiss – UCL Institute of Education, University College London|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=2 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202023942/http://www.ioe.ac.uk/staff/CPAT/GEMS_71.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Gerard Verschuuren]] (born 1946): [[human biology|human biologist]], writer, speaker, and [[philosophy of science|philosopher of science]], working at the interface of science, philosophy, and religion.
*[[Robert J. Wicks]] (born 1946): clinical psychologist who has written on the intersections of [[spirituality]] and [[psychology]]. Wicks currently teaches at [[Loyola University Maryland]] and has taught at universities and professional schools of psychology, medicine, nursing, theology, and social work. In 1996, he was a recipient of The Holy Cross [[Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice]], the highest medal that can be awarded to the [[laity]] by the [[Papacy]] for distinguished service to the [[Roman Catholic Church]].
* [[J. Mark G. Williams]] (born 1952): British clinical psychologist who is emeritus Professor of Clinical Psychology and Honorary Senior Research Fellow at the [[University of Oxford]]. His research is concerned with psychological models and treatment of depression and suicidal behaviour. He is one of the developers of [[mindfulness-based cognitive therapy]], and is an ordained priest in the Church of England.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2014/23-may/comment/opinion/the-mission-issue-in-a-fresh-spiritual-revival|title=The mission issue in a fresh spiritual revival|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2021-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717095235/https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2014/23-may/comment/opinion/the-mission-issue-in-a-fresh-spiritual-revival|url-status=live}}</ref>
== See also ==<!-- ♦♦♦ PLEASE RESPECT ALPHABETICAL ORDER ♦♦♦ -->
* [[Christianity and science]]
* [[American Scientific Affiliation]]
* [[Association of Christians in the Mathematical Sciences]]
* [[Catholic Church and science]]
* [[Christians in Science]]
* ''[[Issues in Science and Religion]]''
* [[List of lay Catholic scientists]]
* [[List of Christian Nobel laureates]]
* [[Lists of Christians]]
* [[List of Jesuit scientists]]
* [[List of Roman Catholic cleric-scientists]]
* [[List of science and religion scholars]]
* [[Quakers in science]]
* [[
* [[Veritas Forum]]
* [[Victoria Institute]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist|2|group=note}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* [https://www.cis.org.uk/ Christians in Science website]
* [http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/cis/ Cambridge Christians in Science (CiS) group] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703223513/http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/cis/ |date=2019-07-03 }}
* [https://www.ianramseycentre.ox.ac.uk/ Ian Ramsey Centre, Oxford]
* [https://ordsci.org/ The Society of Ordained Scientists]-Mostly [[Church of England]]
* [http://www.asa3.org/ American Scientific Affiliation (ASA)]
* [http://www.csca.ca/ Canadian Scientific and Christian Affiliation (CSCA)]
* [https://www.iscast.org/ The Institute for the Study of Christianity in an Age of Science and Technology (ISCAST)] – Australia
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050307010942/http://www.issr.org.uk/about/founding_members.asp The International Society for Science & Religion's founding members.(Of various faiths including Christianity)]
* [https://acmsonline.org/ Association of Christians in the Mathematical Sciences]
* [http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php?section=library&page=avalos_18_4 Secular Humanism.org article on Science and Religion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619070129/http://secularhumanism.org/index.php?section=library&page=avalos_18_4 |date=2010-06-19 }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Christians in science and technology}}
[[Category:Lists of Christian scientists]]
[[Category:Christianity and science]]
[[Category:Religion and science]]
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