Content deleted Content added
m Reverted edits by 69.197.164.227 to last version by Kuru |
|||
Line 1:
{{Short description|American athletic equipment company}}
{{Redirect|NIKE|other uses|Nike (disambiguation){{!}}Nike}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Nike, Inc.
| logo = Logo NIKE.svg
| logo_caption = [[Swoosh]] logo since 1971
| image_caption = [[Nike World Headquarters|Headquarters]] near [[Beaverton, Oregon]], U.S.
| former_name = Blue Ribbon Sports, Inc. (1964–1971)
| image = Nike Campus, Beaverton - DPLA - ffa63f1bbaf5cd21aeada3d3978db2b0.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{unbulleted list|class=nowrap|{{NYSE|NKE}} (Class B)|[[DJIA]] component|[[S&P 100]] component|[[S&P 500]] component}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|US6541061031}}
| founders = {{unbulleted list|class=nowrap|[[Bill Bowerman]]|[[Phil Knight]]}}
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{unbulleted list|class=nowrap|Philip Knight<br/>([[Chairperson|chairman]] emeritus)|[[Mark Parker]]<br/>(executive chairman)|[[Elliott Hill]] <br />([[President (corporate title)|president]] and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/business/retail/elliott-hill-loved-nike-and-left-it-now-hes-back-as-ceo-d528cc59 |title=Elliott Hill Loved Nike and Left It. Now He's Back as CEO |last=Pacheco |first=Inti |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=September 22, 2024 |access-date=October 5, 2024 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>|[[John Hoke III]]<br/>([[chief innovation officer]])}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kish |first=Matthew |date=2023-11-15 |title=Nike shuffles top executives, names new heads of innovation, design, marketing and technology |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/business/2023/11/nike-shuffles-top-executives-names-new-heads-of-innovation-design-marketing-and-technology.html |access-date=2024-03-01 |work=The Oregonian}}</ref>
| industry = {{unbulleted list|class=nowrap|[[Clothing industry|Apparel]]|[[Fashion accessory|Accessories]]|[[Sports equipment]]}}
| products = {{hlist|[[Athletic shoes]]|[[Sportswear|athletic apparel]]|[[sporting goods]]|[[fashion accessories|accessories]]}}
| revenue = {{nowrap|{{increase}} {{US$|51.36 [[1,000,000,000|billion]]|link=yes}} (2024)}}
| operating_income = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$6.472 billion (2024)}}
| net_income = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$5.700 billion (2024)}}
| assets = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$38.11 billion (2024)}}
| equity = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$14.43 billion (2024)}}
| num_employees = 79,400 (2024)
| founded = {{start date and age|1964|1|25}}
| ___location = [[Nike World Headquarters]]<br />Unincorporated [[Washington County, Oregon|Washington County]] near [[Beaverton, Oregon]], U.S.
| subsid = [[Converse (brand)|Converse]]
| website = {{URL|nike.com}}
| footnotes = <ref name=10K2024>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/320187/000032018724000044/nke-20240531.htm |title=US SEC: 2024 Form 10-K NIKE, Inc. |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |date=July 25, 2024}}</ref>
}}
'''Nike, Inc.'''{{efn|group=note|The pronunciations of "Nike" include {{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-nike.ogg||ˈ|n|aɪ|k|i}} {{respell|NY|kee}} officially and in the US, as well as {{IPAc-en|n|aɪ|k}} {{respell|NYKE}} in the UK.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/nike-pronounced-nikey-confirms-guy-who-ought-know-9470111.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220621/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/nike-pronounced-nikey-confirms-guy-who-ought-know-9470111.html |archive-date=June 21, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title= Nike is pronounced Nikey, confirms guy who ought to know|work= The Independent|date=June 2, 2014 |access-date =July 20, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-03 |title=It's official: Nike rhymes with spiky – and you're saying all these wrong too |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/shortcuts/2014/jun/03/nike-how-to-pronounce-correctly-brand-names-audi-adidas-porsche-yvessaintlaurent |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref>}} (stylized as '''''NIKE''''') is an American athletic footwear and apparel corporation headquartered near [[Beaverton, Oregon]].<ref name="Nike HQ">{{Cite web |title=Contact Nike, Inc. |url=https://about.nike.com/pages/contact-us |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630040741/https://about.nike.com/pages/contact-us |archive-date=June 30, 2021 |access-date=June 29, 2021 |website=Nike, Inc.}}</ref> It is the world's largest supplier of [[Sneakers|athletic shoe]]s and apparel and a major manufacturer of [[sports equipment]], with revenue in excess of US$46 billion in its fiscal year 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike annual revenue worldwide 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/241683/nikes-sales-worldwide-since-2004/ |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/nike-idUSN2526447020080625|title=Nike profit up but shares tumble on U.S. concerns|last=Sage|first=Alexandria|date=June 26, 2008|work=Reuters |access-date=July 10, 2008}}</ref>
The company was founded on January 25, 1964, as "Blue Ribbon Sports", by [[Bill Bowerman]] and [[Phil Knight]], and officially became Nike, Inc. on May 30, 1971. The company takes its name from [[Nike (mythology)|Nike]], the Greek goddess of victory.<ref>{{Cite web| last = Levinson| first = Philip| title = How Nike almost ended up with a very different name| work = Business Insider| access-date = June 7, 2017| url = http://www.businessinsider.com/how-nike-got-its-name-2016-1}}</ref> Nike markets its products under its own brand, as well as Nike Golf, Nike Pro, [[Nike+]], [[Nike Blazers]], [[Air Force 1 (shoe)|Air Force 1]], [[Nike Dunk]], [[Air Max]], Foamposite, [[Nike Skateboarding]] and Nike CR7.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nike.com/gb/w?q=Cristiano%20Ronaldo&vst=Cristiano%20Ronaldo |title=Nike CR7 |publisher=Nike, Inc.}}</ref> The company also sells products under its [[Air Jordan]] brand and its [[Converse (brand)|Converse]] subsidiary. Nike also owned Bauer Hockey from 1995 to 2008, and previously owned [[Cole Haan]], [[Umbro]], and [[Hurley International]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Nike sells Bauer Hockey for $200 Million | date = February 21, 2008 | publisher=[[The Sports Network]] | url = https://www.tsn.ca/nhl/news_story/?ID=230199&hubname=nhl | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080225100443/http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/news_story/?ID=230199&hubname=nhl | archive-date = February 25, 2008 | access-date = June 2, 2008 }}</ref> In addition to manufacturing sportswear and equipment, the company operates retail stores under the Niketown name. Nike sponsors many high-profile athletes and sports teams around the world, with the highly recognized trademarks of "[[Just Do It]]" and the [[Swoosh]] logo.
{{asof|2024|post=,}} it employed 83,700 people worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nike (NKE) |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/nike/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> In 2020, the brand alone was valued in excess of $32 billion, making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses.<ref>{{cite news |title=Most Valuable Apparel Brand? Nike Just Does It Again |agency=Brand Finance |url=https://brandfinance.com/press-releases/most-valuable-apparel-brand-nike-just-does-it-again/ |access-date=September 12, 2020}}</ref> Previously, in 2017, the Nike brand was valued at $29.6 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The World's Most Valuable Brands 2017: 16. Nike |url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/591c87fc31358e03e5593101/16-nike/ |access-date=September 27, 2017 |website=Forbes}}</ref> Nike ranked [[List of largest companies in the United States by revenue|89th]] in the 2018 [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]] list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortune 500 Companies 2018: Who Made the List |url=http://fortune.com/fortune500/list/ |access-date=November 10, 2018 |website=Fortune |language=en-US |archive-date=November 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110190356/http://fortune.com/fortune500/list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The company ranked 239th in the Forbes Global 2000 companies in 2024.
{{TOC limit|3}}
==
{{see also|Nike timeline}}
[[File:Knight and Bowerman.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Bill Bowerman]] (left) conversing with [[Phil Knight]] (second from left) and two other members of the Oregon track team, 1958.]]
Nike, originally known as Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS), was founded by [[University of Oregon]] track athlete [[Phil Knight]] and his coach, [[Bill Bowerman]], on January 25, 1964.<ref name="O'Reilly-2014">{{Cite web|last=O'Reilly|first=Lara|date=November 4, 2014|title=11 Things Hardly Anyone Knows About Nike|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-nike-facts-about-its-50th-anniversary-2014-11|access-date=January 26, 2020|website=Business Insider}}</ref> The company initially operated in [[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]], [[Oregon]] as a distributor for Japanese shoemaker [[Onitsuka Tiger]], making most sales at track meets out of Knight's automobile.<ref name="O'Reilly-2014" />
According to [[Otis Davis]], a [[University of Oregon]] student-athlete coached by Bowerman and [[List of multiple Olympic gold medalists|Olympic gold medalist]] at the [[1960 Summer Olympics]], his coach made the first pair of Nike shoes for him, contradicting a claim that they were made for Phil Knight. According to Davis, "I told [[Tom Brokaw]] that I was the first. I don't care what all the billionaires say. Bill Bowerman made the first pair of shoes for me. People don't believe me. In fact, I didn't like the way they felt on my feet. There was no support and they were too tight. But I saw Bowerman made them from the [[waffle iron]], and they were mine".<ref name=HudReporter2006>{{cite web|author=Hague, Jim|author-link=Jim Hague|title=Truant officer was Olympic hero Emerson High has gold medalist in midst|newspaper=The Hudson Reporter|date=May 14, 2006 |url=http://hudsonreporter.com/view/full_stories_home/2408547/article-Truant-officer-was-Olympic-hero-Emerson-High-has-gold-medallist-in-midst?|access-date=March 18, 2012|archive-date=May 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504210729/http://hudsonreporter.com/view/full_stories_home/2408547/article-Truant-officer-was-Olympic-hero-Emerson-High-has-gold-medallist-in-midst|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In its first year in business, BRS sold 1,300 pairs of Japanese running shoes, grossing $8,000.<ref>{{Cite book|title=International directory of company histories. Vol. 5.|date=1992|publisher=St. James Press |author1=Adele Hast |author2=Thomson Gale|isbn=978-1-55862-646-1|___location=Detroit, MI|pages=372 |oclc=769042318}}</ref> By 1965, sales had reached $20,000. In 1966, BRS opened its first retail store at 3107 Pico Boulevard in [[Santa Monica, California]]. In 1967, due to increasing sales, BRS expanded retail and distribution operations on the East Coast, in [[Wellesley, Massachusetts]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/nike-inc-history/|title=History of NIKE, Inc. |website=FundingUniverse}}</ref>
In 1971, Bowerman used his wife's waffle iron to experiment on rubber to create a new sole for track shoes that would grip but be lightweight and increase the runner's speed. Oregon's [[Hayward Field]] was transitioning to an artificial surface, and Bowerman wanted a sole which could grip to grass or bark dust without the use of spikes. Bowerman was talking to his wife about this puzzle over breakfast, when the waffle iron idea came into play.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peterson |first=Hayley |title=The bizarre inspiration behind Nike's first pair of running shoes |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/nikes-first-running-shoes-were-made-in-a-waffle-iron-2015-7 |access-date=26 April 2018 |website=Business Insider}}</ref>
Bowerman's design led to the introduction of the "Moon Shoe" in 1972, so named because the waffle tread was said to resemble the [[footprints]] left by astronauts on the Moon. Further refinement resulted in the "Waffle Trainer" in 1974, which helped fuel the explosive growth of Blue Ribbon Sports/Nike.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Holt |first1=Douglas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j_xkhcbKJx4C&pg=PT41 |title=Cultural Strategy: Using Innovative Ideologies to Build Breakthrough Brands |last2=Cameron |first2=Douglas |date=1 November 2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-958740-7 |pages=41– |access-date=1 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Scheerder |first=Jeroen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5CX8usTKzAMC&pg=PA75 |title=Vlaanderen loopt! Sociaal-wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar de loopsportmarkt |publisher=Academia Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-90-382-1484-9 |pages=75– |access-date=1 November 2011}}</ref>
Tension between BRS and Onitsuka Tiger increased in 1971 as the latter attempted a takeover of BRS by extending an ultimatum proposal that would give the Japanese company 51 percent of BRS.<ref name="Gereffi-1993">{{Cite book |last1=Gereffi |first1=Gary |title=Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism |last2=Korzeniewicz |first2=Miguel |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=1993 |isbn=0-275-94573-1 |___location=Westport, CT |pages=253 |language=en}}</ref> In 1972, the relationship between BRS and Onitsuka Tiger came to an end.<ref name="Gereffi-1993" /> BRS prepared to launch its own line of footwear. The previous year, it was already able to place from two Japanese shoe manufacturers the company's first independent order for 20,000, which included 6,000 that had the Nike logo.<ref name="Gereffi-1993" /> Runner Jeff Johnson was brought in to help market the new brand and was credited for coining the name “Nike”.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Houze |first=Rebecca |title=New Mythologies in Design and Culture: Reading Signs and Symbols in the Visual Landscape |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-4725-1849-1 |___location=London |language=en}}</ref> It would bear the [[Swoosh]] newly designed by [[Carolyn Davidson (graphic designer)|Carolyn Davidson]].<ref>{{cite news |work=The Independent |date=January 4, 2008 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/logos-that-became-legends-icons-from-the-world-of-advertising-768077.html| title=Logos that became legends: Icons from the world of advertising |access-date=February 11, 2010}}</ref><ref name="thestreet.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestreet.com/lifestyle/history-of-nike-15057083|title=History of Nike: Timeline and Facts|last=Meyer|first=Jack|date=August 14, 2019|website=[[TheStreet.com]]|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> The Swoosh was first used by Nike on June 18, 1971,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hunt |first=Joshua |title=University of Nike: How Corporate Cash Bought American Higher Education |publisher=Melville House |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-61219-691-6 |pages=22 |___location=Brooklyn, NY}}</ref> and was registered with the [[U.S. Patent and Trademark Office]] on January 22, 1974.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Cait |title=A History of American Sports in 100 Objects |publisher=Basic Books |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-465-09775-3 |___location=New York |pages=1973}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=TSDR |url=http://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=72414177&caseType=SERIAL_NO&searchType=statusSearch |title= Registration Number 72414177|publisher=U.S. Patent & Trademark Office|access-date=May 18, 2014}}</ref>
In 1976, the company hired John Brown and Partners, based in Seattle, as its first [[advertising agency]].<ref name="Adage-2003">{{Cite web|url=https://adage.com/article/adage-encyclopedia/nike/98797|title=Nike Inc.|date=September 15, 2003|website=adage.com|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> The following year, the agency created the first "brand ad" for Nike, called "There is no finish line", in which no Nike product was shown.<ref name="Adage-2003" /> By 1980, Nike had attained a 50% market share in the U.S. athletic shoe market, and the company went public in December of that year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/economics-business-and-labor/businesses-and-occupations/nike-inc|title=Nike Inc|website=Encyclopedia.com|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref>
[[Wieden+Kennedy]], Nike's primary ad agency, has worked with Nike to create many print and television advertisements, and Wieden+Kennedy remains Nike's primary ad agency.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cole |first1=C. L. |title=Therapeutic Publicity |journal=Journal of Sport and Social Issues |date=February 2002 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=3–5 |doi=10.1177/0193723502261001|s2cid=220320153 | issn = 0193-7235 }}</ref> It was agency co-founder [[Dan Wieden]] who coined the now-famous slogan "[[Just Do It]]" for a 1988 Nike ad campaign,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/09/04/from-lets-do-it-to-just-do-it-how-nike-adapted-gary-gilmores-last-words-before-execution/|title='Just Do It': The surprising and morbid origin story of Nike's slogan|last=Bella|first=Timothy|date=September 4, 2018|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> which was chosen by ''Advertising Age'' as one of the top five ad slogans of the 20th century and enshrined in the [[Smithsonian Institution]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://adage.com/article/special-report-the-advertising-century/ad-age-advertising-century-top-10-slogans/140156|title=Ad Age Advertising Century: Top 10 Slogans|date=March 29, 1999|website=adage.com |access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> [[Walt Stack]] was featured in Nike's first "Just Do It" advertisement, which debuted on July 1, 1988.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nike's 'Just Do It' slogan celebrates 20 years |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2008/07/nikes_just_do_it_slogan_celebr.html |publisher=OregonLive.com |access-date=March 4, 2010 |date=July 18, 2008}}</ref> Wieden credits the inspiration for the slogan to "Let's do it", the last words spoken by [[Gary Gilmore]] before he was executed.<ref name=NYT>{{cite news |last1=Peters |first1=Jeremy W. |title=The Birth of 'Just Do It' and Other Magic Words |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/20/business/media/20adco.html |work=The New York Times |date=20 August 2009 }}</ref>
Nike manufactured its first uniforms for a professional sports team in 1979 when its jersey for the [[Portland Timbers (NASL)|Portland Timbers]] of the [[North American Soccer League (1968–1984)|North American Soccer League]] debuted.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bachman |first=Rachel |date=April 13, 2011 |title=The Bachscore: Portland Timbers history and the original 'Nike' uniforms |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/timbers/2011/04/the_bachscore_portland_timbers.html |work=[[The Oregonian]] |accessdate=May 1, 2024}}</ref> Throughout the 1980s, Nike expanded its product line to encompass many sports and regions throughout the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newitts.com/blog/history-of-nike?country=/|title=History of Nike |website=www.newitts.com|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> In 1990, Nike moved into its eight-building [[Nike World Headquarters|World Headquarters]] campus in Beaverton, Oregon.<ref>{{cite web |title=As Nike looks to expand, it already has a 22-building empire |date=February 2, 2013 |newspaper=[[The Oregonian]] |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/playbooks-profits/index.ssf/2013/02/as_nike_looks_to_expand_it_alr.html |first=Allan |last=Brettman| access-date=February 6, 2013| quote=The first phase of the Nike World Headquarters campus opened in 1990 and included eight buildings. Now, there are 22 buildings.}}</ref> The first Nike retail store, dubbed Niketown, opened in [[downtown Portland]] in November of that year.<ref>{{cite news|last=Brettman|first=Allan|title=NikeTown Portland to close forever [at its original ___location] on Friday|newspaper=[[The Oregonian]]|date=October 27, 2011 |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/playbooks-profits/index.ssf/2011/10/niketown_portland_to_close_for.html|access-date=December 23, 2016}}</ref>
Phil Knight announced in mid-2015 that he would step down as chairman of Nike in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fashionunited.uk/news/people/nike-chairman-phil-knight-to-step-down-in-2016/2015070116905 |first=Danielle|last=Wightman-Stone|date=July 1, 2015|access-date=July 1, 2015|work=[[FashionUnited]] |title=Nike chairman Phil Knight to step down in 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bain|first=Marc |url=https://qz.com/442042/more-than-anyone-else-it-was-phil-knight-who-built-nike-from-scratch-into-the-worlds-biggest-sports-brand/|title=How Phil Knight turned the Nike brand into a global powerhouse |date=June 30, 2015 |website=Quartz|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> He officially stepped down from all duties with the company on June 30, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|first=Kate|last=Vinton |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/katevinton/2016/06/30/nike-cofounder-and-chairman-phil-knight-officially-retires-from-the-board/|date=June 30, 2016|access-date=February 17, 2018|work=[[FashionUnited]]|title=Nike Cofounder And Chairman Phil Knight Officially Retires From The Board}}</ref>
In a company public announcement on March 15, 2018, Nike CEO [[Mark Parker]] said Trevor Edwards, a top Nike executive who was seen as a potential successor to the chief executive, was relinquishing his position as Nike's brand president and would retire in August.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hsu |first1=Tiffany |title=Nike Executive Resigns; C.E.O. Addresses Workplace Behavior Complaints |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/15/business/nike-executive-workplace-misconduct.html |work=The New York Times |date=16 March 2018 }}</ref>
In October 2019, [[John Donahoe]] was announced as the next CEO, and succeeded Parker on January 13, 2020.<ref name="Bloomberg LP">{{cite news |last1=Turner |first1=Nick |title=Nike Taps EBay Veteran John Donahoe to Succeed Parker as CEO |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-22/nike-names-ebay-veteran-john-donahoe-to-succeed-parker-as-ceo |access-date=October 22, 2019 |work=Bloomberg LP |date=October 22, 2019}}</ref> In November 2019, the company stopped selling directly through [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], focusing more on direct relationships with customers.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hanbury|first=Mary|date=November 13, 2019|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/nike-stops-selling-amazon-2019-11|title=Nike confirms that it is no longer selling its products on Amazon|website=Business Insider|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref>
===Acquisitions===
[[File:Nike Flagship - NYC (48155560636).jpg|thumb|180px|A Nike flagship store in [[Manhattan]]]]
Nike has acquired and sold several apparel and footwear companies over the course of its history. Its first acquisition was the upscale footwear company [[Cole Haan]] in 1988,<ref name=colehaanacquired>{{cite news |title=COMPANY NEWS; Cole-Haan to Nike For $80 Million |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/26/business/company-news-cole-haan-to-nike-for-80-million.html |work=The New York Times |date=26 April 1988 }}</ref> followed by the purchase of [[Bauer Hockey]] in 1994.<ref name="bauerdivestment" /> In 2002, Nike bought surf apparel company [[Hurley International]] from founder Bob Hurley.<ref name=hurleyacquired>{{cite news|last=Connelly|first=Laylan |title=Bob Hurley: Success built on everyone's inner surfer|url=http://www.ocregister.com/articles/hurley-408856-company-surf.html|access-date=February 13, 2013|newspaper=Orange County Register|date=January 22, 2013}}</ref> In 2003, Nike paid US$309 million to acquire sneaker company [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Joshua |last=Partlow |title=Nike Drafts An All Star |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=July 2003 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A9001-2003Jul17?language=printer |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110629060107/http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A9001-2003Jul17?language=printer |url-status=dead |archive-date =June 29, 2011 |access-date=June 2, 2008}}</ref> The company acquired [[Starter Clothing Line|Starter]] in 2004<ref name=starteracq>{{cite news|title=Nike unloads Starter for $60M |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/stories/2007/11/12/daily22.html|access-date=February 13, 2013|newspaper=Portland Business Journal|date=November 15, 2007}}</ref> and soccer uniform maker [[Umbro]] in 2007.<ref name=umbroacqanddivest>{{cite news|last=Townsend|first=Matt |title=Iconix Brand Buys Nike's Umbro Soccer Unit for $225 Million |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-10-24/iconix-brand-buys-nike-s-umbro-soccer-unit-for-225-million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025132518/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-10-24/iconix-brand-buys-nike-s-umbro-soccer-unit-for-225-million |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 25, 2012 |access-date=February 13, 2013|newspaper=BloombergBusinessweek|date=October 24, 2012}}</ref>
In order to refocus its business lines, Nike began divesting itself of some of its subsidiaries in the 2000s.<ref name=chaan>{{cite news|last=Dezember|first=Ryan|title=After Umbro, Nike Turns to Cole Haan Sale |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203897404578076360671279662|access-date=February 12, 2013 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=October 24, 2012}}</ref> It sold Starter in 2007<ref name=starteracq /> and Bauer Hockey in 2008.<ref name=bauerdivestment>{{cite news |last1=Austen |first1=Ian |title=Hockey Fan, and Investor, Buys Bauer From Nike |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/22/business/22nike.html |work=The New York Times |date=22 February 2008 }}</ref> The company sold Umbro in 2012<ref name=umbrodivestment>{{cite news|last=Stevens |first=Suzanne|title=Nike completes Umbro sale to Iconix|newspaper=Portland Business Journal |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/blog/threads_and_laces/2012/12/nike-completes-umbro-sale-to-iconix.html|access-date=February 13, 2013|date=December 3, 2012}}</ref> and Cole Haan in 2013.<ref name=colehaandivestment>{{cite news|title=Nike completes Cole Haan sale|newspaper=Portland Business Journal |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/blog/threads_and_laces/2013/02/nike-completes-cole-haan-sale.html |access-date=February 13, 2013|date=February 4, 2013}}</ref> As of 2020, Nike owns only one subsidiary: [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse Inc.]]{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}
Nike acquired Zodiac, a consumer data analytics company, in March 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's purchase of analytics firm Zodiac highlights focus on customer lifetime value |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/nikes-purchase-of-analytics-firm-zodiac-highlights-focus-on-customer-lifetime-value/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=ZDNet |language=en}}</ref> In August 2019, the company acquired Celect, a Boston-based predictive analytics company.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Lauren |date=2019-08-06 |title=Nike acquires A.I. platform Celect, hoping to better predict shopping behavior |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/06/nike-acquires-ai-platform-celect-hoping-to-predict-shopping-behavior.html |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> In December 2021, Nike purchased RTFKT Studios, a virtual shoe company that makes NFTs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lawler |first=Richard |date=2021-12-13 |title=Nike just bought a virtual shoe company that makes NFTs and sneakers 'for the metaverse' |url=https://www.theverge.com/22833369/nike-rtfkt-nft-sneaker-shoe-metaverse-company |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref>
In February 2021, Nike acquired Datalogue, a New York-based company focused on digital sales and machine learning technology.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kish|first=Matthew|date=February 8, 2021|title=Nike acquires Datalogue as part of continued digital shift|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/portland/news/2021/02/08/nike-acquires-datalogue.html|access-date=February 8, 2021|website=Portland Business Journal}}</ref>
===Finance===
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|+Nike sales by region (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Nike, Inc.: Shareholders Board Members Managers and Company Profile {{!}} US6541061031 {{!}} MarketScreener |url=https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/NIKE-INC-13739/company/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=www.marketscreener.com |language=en}}</ref>
!Region
!share
|-
|North America
|42.2%
|-
|Europe, Middle East and Africa
|26.2%
|-
|Greater China
|14.2%
|-
|Asia Pacific & Latin America
|12.6%
|-
|Global
|4.9%
|-
|Corporate
|0.1%
|}
Nike was made a member of the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] in 2013, when it replaced [[Alcoa]].<ref name="Barron's">{{cite web|last1=Goldwyn Blumenthal|first1=Robin|title=Alcoa's CEO Is Remaking the Industrial Giant|url=http://www.barrons.com/articles/alcoas-ceo-is-remaking-the-industrial-giant-1437806016|website=Barron's|access-date=September 13, 2015}}</ref>
On December 19, 2013, Nike's quarterly profit rose due to a 13 percent increase in global orders for merchandise since April of that year.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-12-19 |title=Nike profit rises, futures orders up 13 percent |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/nike-results-idUSL2N0JX2BG20131219 |access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> Future orders of shoes or clothes for delivery between December and April, rose to $10.4 billion. Nike shares (NKE) rose 0.6 percent to $78.75 in extended trading.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/nike-fiscal-2nd-quarter-profit-40-percent-21280853 |title=Nike Fiscal 2nd-Quarter Profit Jumps 40 Percent|website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|date=December 19, 2013}}</ref>
In November 2015, Nike announced it would initiate a $12 billion share buyback, as well as a two-for-one stock split, with shares to begin trading at the decreased price on December 24.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2015/11/20/what-nikes-two-for-one-stock-split-means-for-the-dow/|title=What Nike's Two-For-One Stock Split Means for the Dow|last=Scholer|first=Kristen|date=November 20, 2015|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=December 1, 2015}}</ref> The split will be the seventh in company history.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}
In June 2018, Nike announced it would initiate a $15 billion share buyback over four years, to begin in 2019 upon completion of the previous buyback program.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/nike-earnings-q4-2018-2018-6-1027328545|title=Nike surges after beating on earnings and announcing $15 billion in buybacks (NKE) {{!}} Markets Insider|work=markets.businessinsider.com|access-date=September 27, 2018}}</ref>
For the fiscal year 2018, Nike reported earnings of US$1.933 billion, with annual revenue of US$36.397 billion, an increase of 6.0% over the previous fiscal cycle. Nike's shares traded at over $72 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$114.5 billion in October 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/NKE/nike/revenue|title=NIKE Revenue 2006–2018 {{!}} NKE|website=www.macrotrends.net|access-date=October 30, 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|+Sales by product (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Product
!share
|-
|Footwear
|64.7%
|-
|Apparel
|27.0%
|-
|Converse
|4.7%
|-
|Equipment
|3.4%
|-
|Global Brand
|0.1%
|-
|Corporate
|0.1%
|}
In February 2020, the company said that roughly 75% of Nike stores in Greater China had closed due to the COVID-19 outbreak. In March 2020, Nike reported a 5% drop in Chinese sales associated with stores' closure.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Lauren |date=2020-03-24 |title=Nike sales beat analysts' estimates, but earnings fall, hurt by coronavirus pandemic |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/24/nike-nke-reports-q3-fiscal-2020-earnings.html |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> It was the first decrease in six years. At the same time, the company's online sales grew by 36% during Q1 of 2020. Also, the sales of personal training apps grew by 80% in China.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Harper|first=Justin|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-52029744|title=Nike turns to digital sales during China shutdown|date=March 25, 2020|work=BBC News|access-date=March 25, 2020}}</ref>
In June 2025, Nike warned that President Trump’s new tariffs on key trading partners could add around $1 billion to its costs this year, causing the company to shift some production out of China to reduce its exposure. Despite weaker quarterly revenue, Nike’s shares rose over 10% after a better-than-expected earnings forecast, while the US and China also reached a deal to ease trade tensions.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nike pledges to cut reliance on Chinese factories |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8d6gpnmvq6o}}</ref>
The key trends of Nike are (as at the financial year ending May 31):<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike Fundamentals 2009-2016 |url=https://www.boerse.de/fundamental-analyse/Nike-Aktie/US6541061031#guv |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612011838/https://www.boerse.de/fundamental-analyse/Nike-Aktie/US6541061031#guv |archive-date=2017-06-12 |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=www.boerse.de |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Nike Fundamentals 2017-2023 |url=https://www.boerse.de/fundamental-analyse/Nike-Aktie/US6541061031#guv |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423164702/https://www.boerse.de/fundamental-analyse/Nike-Aktie/US6541061031#guv |archive-date=2024-04-23 |access-date=2025-07-26 |work=boerse.de |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike Fundamentalanalyse {{!}} KGV {{!}} Kennzahlen |url=https://www.boerse.de/fundamental-analyse/Nike-Aktie/US6541061031 |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=boerse.de |language=de}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align: center;"
![[Financial year|FY]]
!Revenue<br />in billion USD
!Net income<br />in billion USD
!Total assets<br />in billion USD
!Employees
|-
|2005
|13.7
|1.2
|8.7
|26,000
|-
|2006
|14.9
|1.3
|9.8
|28,000
|-
|2007
|16.3
|1.4
|10.6
|30,200
|-
|2008
|18.6
|1.8
|12.4
|32,500
|-
|2009
|19.1
| 1.4
|13.2
|34,300
|-
|2010
|19.0
| 1.9
|14.4
|34,400
|-
|2011
|20.1
|2.1
|14.9
|38,000
|-
|2012
|23.3
|2.2
|15.4
|44,000
|-
|2013
|25.3
|2.4
|17.5
|48,000
|-
|2014
|27.7
|2.6
|18.5
|56,500
|-
|2015
|30.6
| 3.2
|21.5
|62,600
|-
|2016
|32.3
|3.7
|21.3
|70,700
|-
|2017
|34.3
|4.2
|23.2
|74,400
|-
|2018
|36.3
|1.9
|22.5
|73,100
|-
|2019
|39.1
|4.0
|23.7
|76,700
|-
|2020
|37.4
|2.5
|31.3
|75,400
|-
|2021
|44.5
|5.7
|37.7
|73,300
|-
|2022
|46.7
|6.0
|40.3
|79,100
|-
|2023
|51.2
|5.0
|37.5
|83,700
|-
|2024
|51.3
|5.7
|38.1
|79,400
|-
|2025
|46.3
|3.2
|36.5
|77,800
|}
===Logo evolution===
{{see also|Swoosh}}
{{Gallery
| title =
| align = center
| footer =
| height = 120
| width = 150
| captionstyle =
|File:Blue ribbon sports logo.png|1964–71
|File:Nike swoosh logo71.png|1971–78{{refn|This logo is still used on some throwback apparel.|group=note2}}
|File:Old Nike logo.jpg|1978–95 (primary){{refn|This logo is still used as a secondary logo, notably on casual wear apparel.|group=note2}}
|File:Logo_NIKE.svg|1995–present
}}
;Notes
{{reflist|group=note2}}
==Products==<!-- [[Nike football]] redirect here. -->
Nike produces a wide range of sports equipment and apparel.
===Sports apparel===
[[File:Nike mercurial astroturf cropped.jpg|thumb|Mercurial [[astro turf]] shoes]]
[[File:Nike astro turf trainers, black and blue.jpg|thumb|Nike astro turf shoes]]
Nike's first apparel products were track running shoes. [[Nike Air Max]] is a line of shoes first released by Nike, Inc. in 1987. Additional product lines were introduced later, such as Air Huarache, which debuted in 1992. The most recent additions to their line are the Nike 6.0, Nike NYX, and [[Nike SB]] shoes, designed for skateboarding. Nike has recently introduced cricket shoes called Air Zoom Yorker, designed to be 30% lighter than their competitors'.<ref>{{cite web | title = Nike launches cricket shoe Air Zoom Yorker | publisher = The Hindu Business Line | date = September 2, 2006 | url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2006/09/02/stories/2006090203260500.htm | access-date = June 2, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110811035656/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2006/09/02/stories/2006090203260500.htm | archive-date = August 11, 2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2008, Nike introduced the Air Jordan XX3, a high-performance basketball shoe designed with the environment in mind.
Nike's range of products include shoes, jerseys, shorts, [[Cleat (shoe)|cleats]], [[baselayers]], etc. for sports activities such as soccer,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soccerpro.com/Nike-Air-Zoom-Control-II-FS-Indoor-Soccer-Shoes-c439/ |title=Nike Air Zoom Control II FS Futsal Shoes at Soccer Pro |publisher=Soccerpro.com |access-date=March 4, 2010}}</ref> basketball, track and field, [[combat sports]], tennis, [[American football]], athletics, golf, [[ice hockey]], and [[cross training]] for men, women, and children. Nike also sells shoes for activities such as [[skateboarding]], baseball, cycling, volleyball, [[wrestling]], [[cheerleading]], [[lacrosse]], [[cricket]], aquatic activities, auto racing, and other athletic and recreational uses. Nike partnered with [[Apple Inc.]] to produce the [[Nike+iPod|Nike+]] product that monitors a runner's performance via a radio device in the shoe that links to the [[iPod nano]]. While the product generates useful statistics, it has been criticized by researchers who were able to identify users' [[RFID]] devices from {{convert|60|ft|m}} away using small, concealable intelligence [[Crossbow Technology|motes]]<!--- intended reference is Intel Mote iMote2---> in a [[wireless sensor network]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/systems/nikeipod/tracker-paper.pdf |title=Devices That Tell On You: The Nike+iPod Sport Kit |author1=T. Scott Saponas |author2=Jonathan Lester |author3=Carl Hartung |author4=Tadayoshi Kohno |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907051813/http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/systems/nikeipod/tracker-paper.pdf |archive-date=September 7, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com/NikeiPod-raises-RFID-privacy-concerns/2100-1029_3-6143606.html?part=dl&tag=feed_2574&subj=6143606&tag=news|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120904043220/http://www.news.com/NikeiPod-raises-RFID-privacy-concerns/2100-1029_3-6143606.html?part=dl&tag=feed_2574&subj=6143606&tag=news|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 4, 2012|title=Nike+iPod raises RFID privacy concerns|author=Tom Espiner|date=December 13, 2006|publisher=CNet}}</ref>
In 2004, Nike launched the [[SPARQ Training|SPARQ Training Program]]/Division.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://spectrumsp.com/2013/06/sparq-nike-performance-summitt/|title=SPARQ – Nike Performance Summitt |date=June 4, 2013 |work=SPECTRUM, Inc|access-date=April 13, 2017}}</ref> Some of Nike's newest shoes contain [[Nike Flywire|Flywire]] and Lunarlite Foam to reduce weight.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.icis.com/Articles/2008/08/04/9144388/latest-materials-improve-sportswear-performance.html |title=Latest materials improve sportswear performance |access-date=October 14, 2008 |publisher=ICIS Chemical Business}}</ref> The Air Zoom Vomero running shoe, introduced in 2006 and currently in its 11th generation, featured a combination of groundbreaking innovations including a full-length air cushioned sole,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sneakernews.com/2015/06/08/nike-is-celebrating-the-20th-anniversary-of-nike-zoom-with-incredible-running-shoes/|title=Newest Nike Zoom Running Shoes | SneakerNews.com|date=June 8, 2015}}</ref> an external heel counter, a crashpad in the heel for shock absorption, and Fit Frame technology for a stable fit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://footwearnews.com/2016/focus/athletic-outdoor/nike-air-zoom-vomero-11-sneakers-release-199000/|title=Nike Air Zoom Vomero 11 Drops Tomorrow|first1=Peter |last1=Verry|date=March 2, 2016}}</ref>
In 2023, Nike told ESPN that it would cease using kangaroo skins in its products by the end of that year and debut "a new Nike-only, proprietary synthetic upper, [with] a new material that is a better performance solution and replaces the use of kangaroo leather."<ref>Dan Hajducky,"[https://www.espn.com/soccer/blog-fifa/story/4900211/nikepuma-to-stop-using-kangaroo-leather-in-soccer-boots Nike, Puma to stop using kangaroo leather in soccer boots, all products]," ESPN, 13 March 2023.</ref>
====Nike Vaporfly====
[[File:Nike Vaporfly Cut in Half.png|thumb|Nike Vaporfly cut in half to show the different layers that make up the base of the shoe. The dark grey line shows the carbon fiber plate.]]
The Nike Vaporfly first came out in 2017 and their popularity, along with its performance, prompted a new series of running shoes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-athletics-shoe-factbox-idUSKBN1ZN0NH|title=Factbox: Nike's Vaporfly running shoes and tumbling records|date=January 24, 2020|work=Reuters|access-date=March 10, 2020|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bachman-2020">{{cite news |last1=Bachman |first1=Rachel |last2=Safdar |first2=Khadeeja |title=Nike Vaporfly Shoes Won't Be Banned From Olympics |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/nikes-controversial-vaporfly-shoe-cleared-for-use-at-tokyo-olympics-11580484025 |work=WSJ |date=31 January 2020 }}</ref> The Vaporfly series has a new technological composition that has revolutionized long-distance running since studies have shown that these shoes can improve marathon race time up to 4.2%.<ref name="Bachman-2020"/> The composition of the sole contains a foamy material, Pebax, that Nike has altered and now calls it ZoomX (which can be found in other Nike products as well). Pebax foam can also be found in airplane insulation and is "squishier, bouncier, and lighter" than foams in typical running shoes.<ref name="Bachman-2020"/> In the middle of the ZoomX foam there is a full-length carbon fiber plate "designed to generate extra spring in every step".<ref name="Bachman-2020"/> At the time of this writing Nike had just released its newest product from the Vaporfly line, the Nike ZoomX Vaporfly NEXT%, which was marketed as "the fastest shoe we’ve ever made" using Nike's "two most innovative technologies, Nike ZoomX foam and VaporWeave material".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nike.com/running/vaporfly|title=Nike Vaporfly. Featuring the new Vaporfly NEXT%|website=Nike.com|language=en-US|access-date=March 11, 2020}}</ref>
===Street fashions=== <!-- Courtesy note per [[WP:RSECT]]: [[Nike Tempo]] and [[Nike Tempo shorts]] redirect here. -->
[[File:Nike no-show socks.JPG|thumb|right|Nike Elite no-show socks with cushioned sole]]
[[File:Hypervenom, Nike trainers.jpg|thumb|right|Hypervenom sports shoes]]
[[File:Nike Victori One Men's Slides.jpg|thumb|Nike Victori One men's slides on rain]]
The Nike brand, with its distinctive "[[Swoosh]]" logo, quickly became regarded as a status symbol<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2hBtKcZESoC&q=nike%20air%20max&pg=PA106|title=Beautiful things in popular culture |isbn=9781405178556|page=106|last=McKee|first=Alan|date=April 15, 2008|publisher=Wiley |access-date=April 2, 2016}}</ref> in modern [[urban fashion]] and [[hip-hop fashion]]<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4cnVUcxRA0MC&q=nike%20tempo&pg=PA102|title=Nike Culture: The Sign of the Swoosh|pages=88, 102|last1=Goldman|first1=Peter|last2=Papson|first2=Stephen|date=1998|publisher=SAGE |access-date=April 2, 2016|isbn=9780761961499}}</ref> due to its association with success in sport.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pCT05HUsYZ8C&q=nike%20air%20max&pg=PA17|title=Nike|access-date=April 2, 2016|first=Tracy|last=Carbasho|page=17|isbn=9781598843439 |date=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO}}</ref> Beginning in the 1980s, various items of Nike clothing became staples of mainstream American [[youth culture|youth fashion]], especially tracksuits, [[shell suit]]s, [[baseball cap]]s, [[Air Jordans]], Air Force 1's, and [[Air Max]] running shoes<ref>{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AuQDAAAAMBAJ&q=nike+air+max&pg=PA33|newspaper=[[Popular Mechanics]]|date=August 1987|access-date=April 2, 2016 |title=Nike's High-Stepping Air Force|page=33|publisher=Hearst Magazines}}</ref> with thick, air cushioned rubber soles and contrasting blue, yellow, green, white, or red trim.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWEEAAAAMBAJ&q=nike+air+max&pg=PA76-IA3|newspaper=Working Mother |title=Nike advert|access-date=April 2, 2016|page=76|last1=Media|first1=Working Mother|date=August 1987}}</ref> Limited edition sneakers and prototypes with a regional early release were known as [[Quickstrike sneakers|Quickstrikes]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gq.com/story/five-steps-to-reselling-sneakers-online|title=Five Easy Steps to Re-Selling Your Sneakers on the Internet |date=September 29, 2015 |website=GQ}}</ref> and became highly desirable items<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/nike-air-max-plus-black-blue-orange/|title=New Nike Air Max Plus Colorways Are on the Way |date=November 2, 2021|website=Highsnobiety}}</ref> for teenage members of the [[sneakerhead subculture]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sneakerwatch.com/article/021308/crazy-quickstrikes-20-most-limited-air-jordan-releases |title=Sneaker Watch |access-date=April 10, 2016 |archive-date=January 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107084908/http://www.sneakerwatch.com/article/021308/crazy-quickstrikes-20-most-limited-air-jordan-releases |url-status=dead }}</ref>
By the 1990s and [[2000s youth fashion|2000s]], American and European teenagers<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-2014-10|title=Here's How Teens Really Spend Money, What They Like, And Where They Shop|first=Hayley|last=Peterson|website=Business Insider}}</ref> associated with the [[preppy]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6o7SrLdgx8gC&dq=nike+preppy&pg=PA172|title=Brand Failures: The Truth about the 100 Biggest Branding Mistakes of All Time|first=Matt|last=Haig|date=July 12, 2005 |publisher=Kogan Page Publishers|isbn=9780749444334 |via=Google Books}}</ref> or [[popular clique]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xze9-DIufJ0C&dq=nike+preppy&pg=PA29 |title=Dress to Express: Seven Secrets to Overcoming Closet Trauma and Revealing Your Inner Beauty |first=Tracy|last=McWilliams|date=March 1, 2012|publisher=New World Library|isbn=9781608681495 |via=Google Books}}</ref> began combining these sneakers,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hannahgale.co.uk/2015/01/22/26-signs-youre-the-absolute-queen-of-basic-bitches/|title=26 signs you're the absolute queen of basic bitches|date=January 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124204652/http://hannahgale.co.uk/2015/01/22/26-signs-youre-the-absolute-queen-of-basic-bitches/|archive-date=January 24, 2015|publisher=hannahgale.co.uk}}</ref> [[leggings]], sweatpants, [[crop top]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/back-to-basics-fall-fashion-guide|title=7 Basic Fall Looks to Embrace Your Inner #Basic|date=September 19, 2014|website=Vogue}}</ref> and tracksuits with regular [[casual chic]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneytimes.com/articles/4885/20150907/nike-j-crews-toughest-rival.htm|title=Nike could be J. Crew's toughest rival|date=September 7, 2015|website=Money Times}}</ref> street clothes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thetab.com/uk/exeter/2015/10/21/basic-exetah-bitch-28095|title=A comprehensive manual on becoming an EX4 basic betch|date=October 21, 2015|website=University of Exeter}}</ref> such as jeans, skirts, [[leg warmers]], [[slouch socks]], and [[bomber jacket]]s. Particularly popular<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adelson |first=Karen Iorio |date=2017-09-20 |title=The On-Sale Running Shorts You Should Buy in Bulk |url=https://www.racked.com/2017/9/20/16337836/nike-tempo-running-shorts |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Racked |language=en}}</ref> were the unisex spandex Nike Tempo [[compression shorts]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.smudailymustang.com/?p=4769 |title=Nike Tempo trend |access-date=April 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413203412/http://www.smudailymustang.com/?p=4769 |archive-date=April 13, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> worn for cycling and running,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-15 |title=10 Best Women's Running Shorts For Your New Year Fitness Regime |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/vogue-shops/gallery/running-shorts-women |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=British Vogue |language=en-GB}}</ref> which had a mesh lining, waterproofing, and, later in the 2000s, a zip pocket for a [[Walkman]] or [[MP3 player]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ViG2kT2eDecC&q=nike%20tempo&pg=PT240|title=Running for beginners|year=2013 |page=240|publisher=Imagine|isbn=9781908955111|access-date=April 2, 2016}}</ref>
From the late 2000s into the 2010s, Nike Elite basketball socks began to be worn as everyday clothes by hip-hop fans and young children.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Suzy|last=Fielders |url=https://journalnow.com/winstonsalemmonthly/the-young-the-stylish/article_794a11a6-f68d-11e5-bf5b-ef0644e800d3.html|title=The Young & the Stylish|website=Winston-Salem Journal|date=March 30, 2016 }}</ref>
Originally plain white or black, these socks had special shock absorbing cushioning in the sole<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thesource.com/2016/03/07/introducing-the-nike-elite-versatility-sock/|title=Introducing the Nike Elite|access-date=April 2, 2016|archive-date=February 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227091247/https://thesource.com/2016/03/07/introducing-the-nike-elite-versatility-sock/|url-status=dead}}</ref> plus a moisture wicking upper weave.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colorful socks no longer a fad |url=http://blogs.marketwatch.com/behindthestorefront/2014/05/02/style-conscious-men-prove-colorful-socks-no-longer-a-fad/ |access-date=April 2, 2016 |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401175234/https://blogs.marketwatch.com/behindthestorefront/2014/05/02/style-conscious-men-prove-colorful-socks-no-longer-a-fad/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Later, Nike Elite socks became available in bright colors inspired by throwback [[basketball uniform]]s,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://live.drjays.com/index.php/2015/04/28/do-you-like-the-new-socks-stance-is-creating-for-the-nba/ |title=Dr Jays |access-date=April 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416011833/http://live.drjays.com/index.php/2015/04/28/do-you-like-the-new-socks-stance-is-creating-for-the-nba/ |archive-date=April 16, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> often with contrasting bold abstract designs, images of celebrities,<ref>{{Cite web|title=These Aaliyah, Nino Brown, and Eazy-E Nike Elite Socks Can't Be Real Life|website=Complex |url=https://www.complex.com/style/2013/10/aaliyah-nino-brown-freddy-krueger-nike-elite-socks}}</ref> and freehand digital print<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/style/2014/06/nike-elite-digital-ink-sock-printing-process |title=Nike Elite Is Releasing Socks Using Its Digital Ink Printing Process in Limited Quantities|website=Complex}}</ref> to capitalize upon the emerging nostalgia for [[1990s fashion]].
In 2015, a new self-lacing shoe was introduced. Called the [[Nike Mag]], which are replicas of the shoes featured in ''[[Back to the Future Part II]]'', it had a preliminary limited release, only available by auction with all proceeds going to the [[Michael J. Fox Foundation]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = The 2015 Nike Mag|url = http://news.nike.com/news/nike-mag-2015|website = NIKE, Inc.|access-date = October 23, 2015}}</ref> This was done again in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/nike-mag-raffle-reportedly-raised-s675-million-for-parkinsons-research-news.24878.html?|title=The Michael J. Fox Foundation does raffle with Nike to raise awareness for Parkinson's disease |last=Rooney |first=Kyle |date=October 21, 2016 |website=Hotnewhiphop |access-date=October 21, 2016}}</ref>
Nike have introduced a premium line, focused more on streetwear than sports wear called NikeLab.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nike.com/ie/en_gb/c/nikelab?ref=https://www.google.ie/|title=NikeLab|website=www.nike.com|language=en-GB|access-date=November 30, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Clarke |first=Khari |date=2014-06-12 |title=Nike Will Launch "NikeLab" Stores Worldwide Tomorrow - The Source |url=https://thesource.com/2014/06/12/nike-will-launch-nikelab-stores-worldwide-tomorrow/,%20https://thesource.com/2014/06/12/nike-will-launch-nikelab-stores-worldwide-tomorrow/ |access-date=2023-08-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
In March 2017, Nike announced its launch of a plus-size clothing line,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-02 |title=Nike Is FINALLY Launching a Plus-Size Collection |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/nike-launches-plus-size-womens-collection |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Teen Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref> which will feature new sizes 1X through 3X on more than 200 products.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mashable.com/2017/03/01/nike-plus-size-clothing-line/|title=Nike finally releases plus-size clothing line for women|last=Lekach|first=Sasha|website=Mashable|date=March 2017|access-date=March 3, 2017}}</ref> Another significant development at this time was the [[Chuck Taylor All-Stars|Chuck Taylor All-Star Modern]], an update of the classic basketball sneaker that incorporated the circular knit upper and cushioned foam sole of Nike's Air Jordans.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.askmen.com/news/fashion/converse-unveils-all-star-modern-sneakers.html|title=Converse Unveils All-Star Modern Sneakers|first=Alex|last=Bracetti|website=AskMen}}</ref>
=== Collectibles ===
On July 23, 2019, a pair of Nike Inc. running shoes sold for $437,500 at a [[Sotheby's]] auction. The so-called "Moon Shoes"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-16 |title=Nike's $100,000 USD "Moon Shoe" Is a Piece of Sneaker History |url=https://hypebeast.com/2021/3/nike-moon-shoe-bill-bowerman-waffle-running-original-swoosh-sothebys-100000-usd |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Hypebeast}}</ref> were designed by Nike co-founder and track coach Bill Bowerman for runners participating in the 1972 Olympics trials. The buyer was [[MDC Partners|Miles Nadal]], a Canadian investor and car collector, who had just paid $850,000 for a group of 99 rare of limited collection pairs of sport shoes. The purchase price was the highest for one pair of sneakers, the previous record being $190,373 in 2017 for a pair of signed [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse]] shoes in California, said to have been worn by [[Michael Jordan]] during the 1984 basketball final of the Olympics that year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-auction-sneakers-idUSKCN1UI2KM|title=Nike shoes race to $437,500 world record auction price for sneakers|date=July 24, 2019|work=Reuters|access-date=October 3, 2019|language=en}}</ref>
=== Virtual ===
After acquiring RTFKT, Nike launched the Dunk Genesis Cryptokicks collection, which features over 20,000 NFTs.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Alex |title=Nike Sold an NFT Sneaker for $134,000 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/26/style/nike-nft-sneaker.html |work=The New York Times |date=26 May 2022 }}</ref> One design by [[Takashi Murakami]] was sold for $134,000 in April 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/personal-finance/crypto/these-nike-nft-cryptokicks-sneakers-sold-for-130k/|title=These Nike NFT 'Cryptokicks' Sneakers Sold For $130K|website=CNET|date=April 28, 2022|author=Daniel Van Boom|access-date=January 7, 2023}}</ref>
==Headquarters==
[[File:Nikeworldheadquarters.jpg|thumb|Nike World Headquarters near Beaverton, Oregon]]<!-- This section is linked from [[Unincorporated area]] -->
{{Main|Nike World Headquarters}}
Nike's world headquarters are surrounded by the city of Beaverton but are within [[unincorporated area|unincorporated]] [[Washington County, Oregon|Washington County]]. The city attempted to forcibly annex Nike's headquarters, which led to a lawsuit by Nike, and [[lobbying]] by the company that ultimately ended in Oregon Senate Bill 887 of 2005. Under that bill's terms, Beaverton is specifically barred from forcibly annexing the land that Nike and [[Columbia Sportswear]] occupy in Washington County for 35 years, while [[Electro Scientific Industries]] and [[Tektronix]] receive the same protection for 30 years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blog.oregonlive.com/oregonianextra/2006/06/appellate_court_rejects_beaver.html |title=Appellate court rejects Beaverton annexation | The Oregonian Extra |publisher=Blog.oregonlive.com |date=June 16, 2006 |access-date=March 4, 2010}}</ref>
Nike is planning to build a 3.2 million square foot expansion to its World Headquarters in Beaverton.<ref name="Siemers-2016">{{Cite news | title =A first look at Nike's $380M-plus HQ expansion (Renderings) | url=https://www.bizjournals.com/portland/blog/threads_and_laces/2016/01/nike-releases-first-images-of-expanded-washington.html | first=Erik | last=Siemers | work=[[American City Business Journals]] | date=January 20, 2016}}</ref> The design will target [[LEED]] Platinum certification and will be highlighted by natural daylight, and a gray water treatment center.<ref name="Siemers-2016" />
{{clear}}
== Ownership ==
Nike is mainly owned by institutional investors, who hold around 68% of all shares. The 10 largest shareholders of Nike in early 2024 were:<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIKE, Inc. Insider Trading & Ownership Structure |url=https://simplywall.st/stocks/us/consumer-durables/nyse-nke/nike/ownership |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Simply Wall St |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Phil Knight]] (17.4%)
* [[The Vanguard Group|Vanguard]] (7.23%)
* [[BlackRock]] (5.93%)
* [[State Street Global Advisors]] (3.71%)
* [[Travis Knight]] (3.14%)
* Knight Foundation (1.95%)
* [[Capital Group Companies|Capital Research and Management Company]] (1.94%)
* [[Geode Capital Management]] (1.57%)
* [[Wellington Management Company]] (1.48%)
* [[AllianceBernstein]] (1.32%)
==Controversies==
Nike has contracted with more than 700 shops around the world and has offices located in 45 countries outside the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Corporate Responsibility |website=www.nike.com |url=http://www.nike.com/nikebiz/investors/reporting_sec/ar_99/corporate.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929090302/http://www.nike.com/nikebiz/investors/reporting_sec/ar_99/corporate.html |archive-date=September 29, 2007}}</ref> Most of the factories are located in Asia, including Indonesia, China, Taiwan, India,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-indias-50-most-trusted-brands/20110120.htm |title=India's 50 most trusted brands |work=rediff.com |date=January 20, 2011}}</ref> Thailand, Vietnam, Pakistan, Philippines, and Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of factories |url=http://www.nike.com/nikebiz/gc/mp/pdf/disclosure_list_2005-06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070620125833/http://www.nike.com/nikebiz/gc/mp/pdf/disclosure_list_2005-06.pdf|archive-date=June 20, 2007|url-status=dead|website=www.nike.com}}</ref> Nike is hesitant to disclose information about the contract companies it works with. However, due to harsh criticism from some organizations like CorpWatch, Nike has disclosed information about its contract factories in its Corporate Governance Report.
===Sweatshops===
{{main|Nike sweatshops}}
In the 1990s, Nike received criticism for its use of [[sweatshop]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nike is facing a new wave of anti-sweatshop protests |date=1 August 2017 |website=Ресурсный центр по вопросам бизнеса и прав человека [Business & Human Rights Resource Centre] |url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/ru/свежие-новости/nike-is-facing-a-new-wave-of-anti-sweatshop-protests/ |access-date=2022-07-12 |archive-date=2022-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712204736/https://www.business-humanrights.org/ru/свежие-новости/nike-is-facing-a-new-wave-of-anti-sweatshop-protests/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nike is facing a new wave of anti-sweatshop protests |date=2 August 2017 |website=MR Magazine |url=https://mr-mag.com/nike-facing-new-wave-anti-sweatshop-protests/ |access-date=2022-07-12}}</ref> Beginning in 1990, many protests occurred in big cities such as Los Angeles,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-12-22-me-6131-story.html|title=Boycott of Shoe Company Is Burning Issue at Protest|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=December 22, 1990 }}</ref> Washington, DC and Boston in order to show public outcry for Nike's use of child labor and sweatshops. Nike has been criticized for contracting with factories (known as [[Nike sweatshops]]) in countries such as China, Vietnam, Indonesia and Mexico. Vietnam Labor Watch, an activist group, has documented that factories contracted by Nike have [[Wage theft|violated]] [[minimum wage]] and overtime [[laws in Vietnam]] as late as 1996, although Nike claims that this practice has been stopped.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.saigon.com/nike/reports/report1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010418214242/http://www.saigon.com/nike/reports/report1.html|url-status=dead|title=Nike Labor Practices in Vietnam |archivedate=April 18, 2001|website=www.saigon.com}}</ref>
As of July 2011, Nike stated that two-thirds of its factories producing Converse products still do not meet the company's standards for worker treatment. A July 2011 [[Associated Press]] article stated that employees at the company's plants in Indonesia reported constant abuse from supervisors.<ref>[[Associated Press]], "Nike still dogged by worker abuses", ''[[Japan Times]]'', July 15, 2011, p. 4.</ref>
===Child labor===
During the 1990s, Nike faced criticism for the use of [[Child labour in Cambodia|child labor in Cambodia]] and [[Child labour in Pakistan|Pakistan]] in factories it contracted to manufacture soccer balls. Although Nike took action to curb or at least reduce the practice, they continue to contract their production to companies that operate in areas where inadequate regulation and monitoring make it hard to ensure that child labor is not being used.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.mit.edu/ipc/publications/pdf/02-007.pdf |title=MIT |access-date=September 18, 2010}}</ref>
In 2001, a BBC documentary uncovered occurrences of child labor and poor working conditions in a Cambodian factory used by Nike.<ref>{{cite news|author=Sun Thyda, 12 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/panorama/970385.stm |title=Programmes | Panorama | Archive | Gap and Nike: No Sweat? October 15, 2000 |publisher=BBC News |date=October 15, 2000 |access-date=March 4, 2010}}</ref> The documentary focused on six girls, who all worked seven days a week, often 16 hours a day.
===Strike in China factory===
In April 2014, one of the biggest strikes in mainland China took place at the [[Yue Yuen Industrial Holdings]] [[Dongguan]] shoe factory, producing amongst others for Nike. Yue Yuen did underpay an employee by 250 yuan (40.82 US Dollars) per month. The average salary at Yue Yuen is 3000 yuan per month. The factory employs 70,000 people. This practice was in place for nearly 20 years.<ref>[http://www.clb.org.hk/en/content/more-ten-thousand-workers-stage-strike-massive-dongguan-shoe-factory More than ten thousand workers stage strike at massive Dongguan shoe factory], April 14, 2014</ref><ref>[http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1483287/yue-yuen-shoe-factory-workers-strike-dongguan-plants-continues Yue Yuen shoe factory workers' strike at Dongguan plants continues], April 17, 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1486399/yue-yuen-strikers-vow-continue-until-benefit-contribution-deficit-paid Yue Yuen strikers vow to continue until benefit contribution deficit paid in full], South China Morning Post, April 18, 2013.</ref>
===Paradise
{{Main|Paradise Papers}}
[[File:NikeCanada.jpg|thumb|upright|Nike office in North America]]
On November 5, 2017, the [[Paradise Papers]], a set of confidential [[electronic document]]s relating to [[offshore investment]], revealed that Nike is among the corporations that used [[Offshore company|offshore companies]] to avoid taxes.<ref>"[http://www.dw.com/en/paradise-papers-expose-tax-evasion-schemes-of-the-global-elite/a-41246087 'Paradise papers' expose tax evasion schemes of the global elite]". [[Deutsche Welle]]. November 5, 2017.</ref><ref>"[http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/paradise-papers-so-lief-die-sz-recherche-1.3736605 So lief die SZ-Recherche]". ''Süddeutsche Zeitung''. November 5, 2017.</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Offshore Trove Exposes Trump-Russia Links And Piggy Banks Of The Wealthiest 1 Percent|url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/paradise-papers/paradise-papers-exposes-donald-trump-russia-links-and-piggy-banks-of-the-wealthiest-1-percent/|access-date=November 7, 2017|work=[[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]]|date=November 5, 2017}}</ref>
[[Appleby (law firm)|Appleby]] documents detail how Nike boosted its after-tax profits by, among other maneuvers, transferring ownership of its Swoosh trademark to a Bermudan subsidiary, Nike International Ltd. This transfer allowed the subsidiary to charge royalties to its European headquarters in [[Hilversum]], [[Netherlands]], effectively converting taxable company [[profit (accounting)|profit]]s to an account payable in [[Tax haven|tax-free]] [[Bermuda]].<ref name=Nike>{{cite web|url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/paradise-papers/explore-politicians-paradise-papers/|title=How NikeStays One Step Ahead of the Regulators: When One Tax Loophole Closes, Another Opens|author=Simon Bowers|publisher=ICIJ|date=November 6, 2017|access-date=November 6, 2017}}</ref> Although the subsidiary was effectively run by executives at Nike's main offices in Beaverton, Oregon—to the point where a duplicate of the Bermudan company's seal was needed—for tax purposes the subsidiary was treated as Bermuda. Its profits were not declared in Europe and came to light only because of a mostly unrelated case in US Tax Court, where papers filed by Nike briefly mention royalties in 2010, 2011 and 2012 totaling $3.86 billion.<ref name=Nike/> Under an arrangement with Dutch authorities, the tax break was to expire in 2014, so another reorganization transferred the intellectual property from the Bermudan company to a Dutch ''commanditaire vennootschap'' or limited partnership, Nike Innovate CV. Dutch law treats income earned by a CV as if it had been earned by the principals, who owe no tax in the Netherlands if they do not reside there.<ref name=Nike/>
===Colin Kaepernick===
In September 2018, Nike announced it had signed former American football quarterback [[Colin Kaepernick]], noted for his [[U.S. national anthem protests (2016–present)|controversial decision to kneel]] during the playing of the US national anthem, to a long-term advertising campaign.<ref>{{cite web | last = Einhorn | first = Bruce | title = Nike Falls as Critics Fume on Social Media Over Kaepernick Deal | publisher = Bloomberg | date = September 4, 2018 | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-09-04/nike-decides-a-colin-kaepernick-deal-is-worth-the-backlash}}</ref> According to Charles Robinson of [[Yahoo Sports|Yahoo! Sports]], Kaepernick and Nike agreed to a new contract despite the fact Kaepernick has been with the company since 2011 and said that "interest from other shoe companies" played a part in the new agreement. Robinson said the contract is a "wide endorsement" where Kaepernick will have his own branded line including shoes, shirts, jerseys and more.<ref>{{cite web | last = Daniels | first = Tim | title = Colin Kaepernick Named Face of Nike's 30th Anniversary of 'Just Do It' Campaign | publisher = Bleacher Report | date = September 3, 2018 | url = https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2793994-colin-kaepernick-named-face-of-nikes-30th-anniversary-of-just-do-it-campaign}}</ref> In response, some people set fire to their own Nike-branded clothes and shoes or cut the Nike swoosh logo out of their clothes, and the [[Fraternal Order of Police]] called the advertisement an "insult";<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.esquire.com/style/mens-fashion/a22969808/colin-kaepernick-nike-ad-burning-sneakers-response/|title=People Are Already Burning Their Nikes in Response to the Colin Kaepernick Ad|date=September 4, 2018|work=Esquire|access-date=September 5, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.fr/us/nike-advert-with-colin-kaepernick-has-people-burning-products-2018-9|title=People are destroying their Nike shoes and socks to protest Nike's Colin Kaepernick ad campaign|website=Business Insider France|language=fr-FR|access-date=September 5, 2018}}</ref><ref name="vibe" /> others, such as [[LeBron James]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cancian |first1=Dan |title=LeBron 'Stands with Nike' in Support of Colin Kaepernick's Campaign |url=https://www.newsweek.com/lebron-stands-nike-support-colin-kaepernicks-campaign-1108699 |website=Newsweek |access-date=September 7, 2018|date=September 6, 2018 }}</ref> [[Serena Williams]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Serena Williams supports Nike's decision to endorse Colin Kaepernick |url=https://globalnews.ca/video/4427989/serena-williams-supports-nikes-decision-to-endorse-colin-kaepernick |website=Global News |access-date=September 7, 2018}}</ref> and the [[National Black Police Association (United States)|National Black Police Association]],<ref name="vibe">{{cite web |last1=Golding |first1=Shenequa |title=The National Black Police Association Is In Full Support Of Nike's Colin Kaepernick Ad |url=https://www.vibe.com/2018/09/national-association-of-black-police-support-nike-colin-kaepernick/ |website=Vibe |date=September 6, 2018 |access-date=September 7, 2018}}</ref> praised Nike for its campaign. The [[College of the Ozarks]] removed Nike from all their athletic uniforms in response.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wheeler |first1=Wyatt D. |title=College of the Ozarks drops Nike, will 'choose country over company' |url=https://www.news-leader.com/story/sports/2018/09/05/college-ozarks-drops-nike-choose-country-over-company/1206366002/ |newspaper=[[Springfield News-Leader]]
|access-date=September 7, 2018 |date=September 5, 2018}}</ref>
During the following week, Nike's stock price fell 2.2%, even as online orders of Nike products rose 27% compared with the previous year.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Novy-Williams |first1=Eben |title=Nike Orders Rose in Four-Day Period After Kaepernick Ad Debut |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-09-07/nike-orders-rose-in-four-day-period-after-kaepernick-ad-debut |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=September 7, 2018 |access-date=September 8, 2018}}</ref> In the following three months, Nike reported a rise in sales.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nike hit by conservative backlash over 'racist trainer' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-48848270 |access-date=July 3, 2019 |agency=BBC}}</ref>
In July 2019, Nike released a shoe featuring a [[Betsy Ross flag]] called the Air Max 1 Quick Strike Fourth of July trainers. The trainers were designed to celebrate [[Independence Day (United States)|Independence Day]]. The model was subsequently withdrawn after [[Colin Kaepernick]] told the brand he and others found the flag offensive because of its association with slavery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/nike-colin-kaepernick-air-max-1-fourth-of-july-flag-offensive-colonies-a8983701.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220621/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/nike-colin-kaepernick-air-max-1-fourth-of-july-flag-offensive-colonies-a8983701.html |archive-date=June 21, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Nike pulls Fourth of July trainers after Colin Kaepernick 'raises concerns'|date=July 2, 2019|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=July 2, 2019}}</ref><ref name="complaint">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-48840608|title=Nike 'pulls Betsy Ross flag trainer after Kaepernick complaint'|date=July 2, 2019|access-date=July 2, 2019|publisher=BBC News}}</ref>
Nike's decision to withdraw the product drew criticism from [[List of governors of Arizona|Arizona's]] Republican Governor, [[Doug Ducey]], and Texas's Republican Senator [[Ted Cruz]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-02/nike-pulls-betsy-ross-flag-shoes-at-kaepernick-s-urging-wsj|title=Nike Pulls 'Betsy Ross Flag' Sneakers After Kaepernick Complaint|date=July 2, 2019|access-date=July 2, 2019|language=en}}</ref> Nike's decision was praised by others due to the use of the flag by [[white nationalists]],<ref name="complaint"/> but the [[Anti-Defamation League|Anti-Defamation League's]] Center on Extremism has declined to add the flag to its database of "hate symbols."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/op-ed/bs-ed-op-0715-goldberg-nike-20190715-mvaj6n7hznhdtcvvjlavyqoaiu-story.html |title=Nike fans the flames of the culture war |newspaper=Baltimore Sun |date=July 15, 2019 |last=Goldberg |first=Jonah |access-date=August 12, 2019}}</ref>
===Hong Kong protests===
[[File:Nike Kicks Lounge in Harbour City 2017.jpg|thumb|Nike Kicks Lounge in [[Harbour City (Hong Kong)|Harbour City]], [[Hong Kong]]]]
U.S. Vice President [[Mike Pence]] criticized Nike for "siding with the [[Chinese Communist Party]] and silencing free speech". He claimed that after [[Houston Rockets]] general manager [[Daryl Morey]] was criticized by the Chinese government for [[Daryl Morey#Twitter comments on Hong Kong|his tweet]] supporting the [[2019–20 Hong Kong protests|2019 Hong Kong protests]], Nike removed Rockets merchandise from its stores in China.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Alper|first1=Alexandra|last2=Spetalnick|first2=Matt|date=October 24, 2019|title=Pence backs Hong Kong protests in China speech, slams NBA and Nike|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-usa-pence/pence-backs-hong-kong-protests-in-china-speech-slams-nba-and-nike-idUSKBN1X323V|access-date=}}</ref> {{Main|Nike Vaporfly and Tokyo 2020 Olympics controversy}}
On January 31, 2020, the [[World Athletics]] issued new guidelines concerning shoes to be used in the upcoming [[2020 Summer Olympics|Tokyo 2020 Olympics]].<ref name="World Athletics">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/news/press-releases/modified-rules-shoes|title=World Athletics modifies rules governing competition shoes for elite athletes |website=www.worldathletics.org|language=en|access-date=March 26, 2020}}</ref> These updates came in response to criticisms concerning technology in the Nike Vaporfly running shoes, which had been submitted beginning around 2017–2018.<ref name="WSJ">{{Citation|title=The Race for Brands to Match Nike's Vaporfly|url=https://www.wsj.com/video/the-race-for-brands-to-match-nikes-vaporfly/2FBD7367-FE45-4879-851A-ABED237F7987.html|language=en-US|access-date=March 26, 2020}}</ref> These criticisms stated that the shoes provided athletes with an unfair advantage over their opponents and some critics considered it to be a form of [[technology doping]].<ref name="Bachman-2020"/><ref name="NPR">{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/02/23/808681604/nike-vaporfly-shoes-controversy|title=Nike Vaporfly Shoes Controversy|website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=March 26, 2020}}</ref> According to Nike funded research, the shoes can improve efficiency by up to 4.2%<ref name="Bachman-2020" /> and runners who have tested the shoe are saying that it causes reduced soreness in the legs; sports technologist Bryce Dyer attributes this to the ZoomX and carbon fiber plate since it absorbs the energy and "spring[s] runners forward".<ref name="NPR" /> Some athletes, scientists, and fans have compared this to the 2008 [[LZR Racer|LAZR swimsuit controversy]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2020/02/09/nikes-vaporfly-shoes-changed-running-track-field-world-is-still-sifting-through-fallout/|title=Nike's Vaporfly shoes changed running, and the track and field world is still sifting through the fallout |first=Adam |last=Kilgore |newspaper=Washington Post|language=en|access-date=March 26, 2020}}</ref>
Some of the major changes in the guidelines that have come about as a result of these criticisms include that the "sole must be no thicker than 40mm" and that "the shoe must not contain more than one rigid embedded plate or blade (of any material) that runs either the full length or only part of the length of the shoe. The plate may be in more than one part but those parts must be located sequentially in one plane (not stacked or in parallel) and must not overlap". The components of the shoes are not the only thing that had major changes; starting April 30, 2020, "any shoe must have been available for purchase by any athlete on the open retail market (online or in store) for a period of four months before it can be used in competition".<ref name="World Athletics" /> Prior to these new guidelines World Athletics reviewed the Vaporfly shoes and "concluded that there is independent research that indicates that the new technology incorporated in the soles of road and spiked shoes may provide a performance advantage" and that it recommends further research to "establish the true impact of [the Vaporfly] technology."<ref name="World Athletics" />
=== Forced Uyghur labor allegations ===
{{See also|Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act}}
In December 2021, the [[European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights]] filed a criminal complaint in a Dutch court against Nike and other brands, alleging that they benefited from the use of forced [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]] labor in [[Xinjiang]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Adegeest|first=Don-Alvin|date=2021-12-06|title=Nike, Patagonia named in European lawsuit as being complicit in 'forced labour' practices in Xinjiang, China|url=https://fashionunited.com/news/fashion/nike-patagonia-named-in-european-lawsuit-as-being-complicit-in-forced-labour-practices-in-xinjiang-china/2021120644306|access-date=2021-12-09|website=FashionUnited|language=en}}</ref> In July 2023, the [[Canadian Ombudsperson for Responsible Enterprise]] opened an investigation into Nike to probe allegations of forced Uyghur labor in its supply chain.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Shakil |first1=Ismail |last2=Rajagopal |first2=Divya |last3=Rajagopal |first3=Divya |date=2023-07-11 |title=Canada probes Nike, Dynasty Gold over alleged use of forced labor in China |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/canada-probes-nike-dynasty-gold-over-alleged-use-forced-labor-china-2023-07-11/ |access-date=2023-07-11}}</ref> Research of the social democratic party in the European Parliament, the Sheffield Hallam University and further groups accused Nike in 2023 of using forced labor camps exploiting Muslim Uyghurs in China provided by the Anhui Huamao Group Co., Ltd. for production.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tailoring Responsibility: Tracing Apparel Supply Chains from the Uyghur Region to Europe |url=https://www.shu.ac.uk/-/media/home/research/helena-kennedy-centre/projects/eu-apparel/eu-tailoring-responsibility-february-24.pdf |work=Uyghur Rights Monitor, the Helena Kennedy Centre for International Justice at Sheffield Hallam University |pages=17}}</ref>
=== Welfare of animals used in sourcing ===
Following criticism from animal rights groups,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-16 |title=Social campaign urged Nike to stop the cruel and painful practice of mulesing |url=https://textilefocus.com/social-campaign-urged-nike-to-stop-the-cruel-and-painful-practice-of-mulesing/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> Nike declared its intent in 2023 to phase out the use of wool sourced from lambs that had been subjected to [[mulesing]], a controversial practice involving the removal of skin from live lambs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndure |first=Isatou |date=2023-06-22 |title=Nike joins Adidas and Puma in certified wool standard, higher animal welfare |url=https://www.just-style.com/news/nike-joins-adidas-and-puma-in-committing-to-cruelty-free-wool/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=Just Style |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-10 |title=New Zealand bans mulesing |url=https://www.farmonline.com.au/story/5635654/new-zealand-bans-mulesing/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=www.farmonline.com.au |language=en-au}}</ref>
Also in 2023, Nike pledged to eliminate the use of [[kangaroo leather]] in favor of a synthetic alternative, in response to animal activists' charge that the killing of kangaroos was unethical.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Touma |first=Rafqa |date=2023-03-14 |title=Animal activists and commercial industry at odds after Nike halts use of kangaroo leather |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/mar/15/animal-activists-and-commercial-industry-at-odds-after-nike-halts-use-of-kangaroo-leather |access-date=2025-03-25 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
==Environmental record==
{{Clothing and the environment}}
In 2007, [[New England]]–based environmental organization Clean Air-Cool Planet ranked Nike among the top three companies (out of 56) in a survey of climate-friendly companies.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zabarenko |first=Deborah |title=Canon tops list of climate-friendly companies |date=June 19, 2007 |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSN1840883720070619?feedType=RSS |access-date=September 18, 2010}}</ref>
===Recycling===
Nike has also been praised for its [[Nike Grind]] program, which closes the [[Product lifecycle (marketing)|product lifecycle]], by groups such as [[Climate Counts]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://climatecounts.org/scorecompany.php?co=43 |title=Nike |publisher=ClimateCounts |access-date=September 18, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110212032423/http://climatecounts.org/scorecompany.php?co=43 |archive-date=February 12, 2011 }}</ref>
Since 1993, Nike has worked on its Reuse-A-Shoe program.<ref name="Wicked Local-2008">{{Cite web|date=April 29, 2008|title=Wicked Local|url=http://www.wickedlocal.com/lexington/news/business/x883026486|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725190907/http://www.wickedlocal.com/lexington/news/business/x883026486|archive-date=July 25, 2008|access-date=May 4, 2008}}</ref> This program is Nike's longest-running program that benefits both the environment and the community by collecting old athletic shoes of any type in order to process and recycle them. The material that is produced is then used to help create sports surfaces such as basketball courts, running tracks, and playgrounds.<ref name="Wicked Local-2008" /> Nike France made their Reuse-A-Shoe program available online so that they could make it easier for consumers to send in their old shoes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=EcoBahn |date=2020-07-21 |title=Nike Reuse-A-Shoe: Digital Upcycling Shift |url=https://theecobahn.com/ideas/nike-reuse-a-shoe-digital-upcycling-shift/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=EcoBahn |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2017, it was estimated that 28,000,000 shoes were collected since its start in 1993. Nike limited the mail-in option of the program because they are aware that the emissions from shipping would offset the good, they are trying to do. They work with the National Recycling Coalition to help limit transportation of recycled shoes. During transportation most of the vehicles that are used are using diesel or fuel oil.<ref name=ac>{{Cite web |last1=Curtis |first1=Alexander |last2=Hansson |first2=Amanda |title=Examining the Viability of Corporate Recycling Initiatives and Their Overall Environmental Impact: The Case of Nike Grind and the Reuse-A-Shoe Program |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333512603 |access-date=November 18, 2022}}</ref> Diesel oil emits 22.44 pounds of Carbon Dioxide per gallon.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smoot |first=Grace |title=What Is the Carbon Footprint of Diesel Fuel? A Life-Cycle Assessment |url=https://impactful.ninja/the-carbon-footprint-of-diesel-fuel/ |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=Impactful Ninja |date=October 28, 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref>
A campaign that Nike began for Earth Day 2008 was a commercial that featured basketball star [[Steve Nash]] wearing Nike's Trash Talk Shoe, which had been constructed in February 2008 from pieces of leather and synthetic leather waste from factory floors. The Trash Talk Shoe also featured a sole composed of ground-up rubber from a shoe recycling program. Nike claims this is the first performance basketball shoe that has been created from manufacturing waste, but it only produced 5,000 pairs for sale.<ref>[http://www.brandweek.com/bw/news/recent_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003793129&imw=Y] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505070832/http://www.brandweek.com/bw/news/recent_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003793129|date=May 5, 2008}} <!-- April 23, 2008. Retrieved: May 4, 2008 --></ref>
=== Sulfur hexafluoride ===
[[Sulfur hexafluoride]] is an extremely potent and persistent greenhouse gas that was used to fill the cushion bags in all "Air"-branded shoes from 1992 to 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2006-09-24/nike-goes-for-the-green |title= Nike Goes For The Green |author= Stanley Holmes |publisher= Bloomberg Business Week Magazine |date= September 24, 2006 |access-date= December 14, 2013 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130603225645/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2006-09-24/nike-goes-for-the-green |archive-date= June 3, 2013 }}</ref> 277 tons was used during the peak in 1997.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oekorecherche.de/sites/default/files/publikationen/ecofys_oekorecherchestudy.pdf |title=Final report on the costs and the impact on emissions of potential regulatory framework for reducing emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride |author=J. Harnisch and W. Schwarz |date=2003-02-04 |publisher=Ecofys GmbH}}</ref>
=== Toxic chemicals ===
In 2008, a project through the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] found workers were exposed to toxic [[isocyanate]]s and other chemicals in footwear factories in Thailand. In addition to inhalation, dermal exposure was the biggest problem found. This could result in allergic reactions including asthmatic reactions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Todd |first1=L. A. |last2=Sitthichok |first2=T. P. |last3=Mottus |first3=K. |last4=Mihlan |first4=G. |last5=Wing |first5=S. |title=Health Survey of Workers Exposed to Mixed Solvent and Ergonomic Hazards in Footwear and Equipment Factory Workers in Thailand |journal=Annals of Occupational Hygiene |year=2008 |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=195–205 |doi=10.1093/annhyg/men003 |pmid=18344534 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Todd |first1=L. A. |last2=Mottus |first2=K. |last3=Mihlan |first3=G. J. |s2cid=13571160 |title=A Survey of Airborne and Skin Exposures to Chemicals in Footwear and Equipment Factories in Thailand |journal=Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=169–181 |year=2008 |doi=10.1080/15459620701853342 |pmid=18213531 |bibcode=2008JOEH....5..169T }}</ref>
=== Water pollution ===
In July 2011, environmental group [[Greenpeace]] published a report regarding [[water pollution]] impacting the [[Yangtze|Yangtze River]] emitted from a major textile factory operated by Nike supplier [[Youngor Group]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Watts|first=Jonathan|date=2011-07-13|title=Greenpeace report links western firms to Chinese river polluters|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/jul/13/greenpeace-links-western-firms-to-chinese-polluters|access-date=2021-08-11|website=[[The Guardian]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611105658/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/jul/13/greenpeace-links-western-firms-to-chinese-polluters|archive-date=2021-06-11}}</ref> Following the report, Nike, as well as [[Adidas]], [[Puma (brand)|Puma]], and a number of other brands included in the report announced an agreement to stop discharging hazardous chemicals by 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Brettman|first=Allan |date=2011-11-19|title=Nike, Adidas, Puma agree with Greenpeace to clean water in worldwide production by 2020|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/playbooks-profits/2011/11/nike_adidas_puma_agree_with_gr.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020141412/https://www.oregonlive.com/playbooks-profits/2011/11/nike_adidas_puma_agree_with_gr.html|archive-date=2020-10-20|access-date=2021-08-11|website=[[The Oregonian]]|language=en}}</ref> However, in July 2016 Greenpeace released a follow-up report which found that Nike "does not take individual responsibility" for eliminating hazardous chemicals, stating that Nike had not made an explicit commitment to riding itself of [[perfluorinated compound]]s, and that "Nike does not ensure its suppliers report their hazardous chemical discharge data and has not made a commitment to do so".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016|title=THE DETOX CATWALK 2016|website=[[Greenpeace]] |url=http://p3-raw.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/detox/fashion/detox-catwalk/|access-date=2021-08-10|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401155311/http://p3-raw.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/detox/fashion/detox-catwalk/|archive-date=2020-04-01}}</ref>
Back in 2016, Nike started to use water free dyeing materials so that they can help reduce their water use in their Southeast Asian factories.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike: A Poster Child for Climate Change? |url=https://d3.harvard.edu/platform-rctom/submission/nike-a-poster-child-for-climate-change/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=Technology and Operations Management |language=en-US}}</ref>
===Carbon footprint===
Nike reported Total [[carbon footprint|CO<sub>2</sub>e emissions]] (Direct + Indirect) for the twelve months ending June 30, 2020 at 317 Kt (+12/+4% y-o-y)<ref name ="Nike Total CO2e emissions for 2020Q2">{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2020Q2 |url=https://purpose-cms-preprod01.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/26225049/FY20_NIKE_Inc_Impact_Report2.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710051235/https://purpose-cms-preprod01.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/26225049/FY20_NIKE_Inc_Impact_Report2.pdf |archive-date=July 10, 2021 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2020Q2/12 Alt URL]</ref> and plans to reduce emissions 65% by 2030 from a 2015 base year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2021Q1 |url=https://purpose.nike.com/carbon-energy |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111134435/https://purpose.nike.com/carbon-energy|url-status=deviated}} [https://docs.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Climate%20Goal%5BClimate%20Goal,Total%20CO2e%20emissions%20%3CScope%201%20%2B%20Scope%202%3E%5D/2021Q1 Alternate URL]</ref> This [[Science Based Targets initiative|science-based target]] is aligned with [[Paris Agreement]] to limit global warming to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sciencebasedtargets.org/companies-taking-action|title=Companies taking action|website=Science Based Targets}}</ref> According to a study done in 2017, Nike contributed 3,002,529 metric tons of Carbon Dioxide in 2017 combined from different sectors in the company like retail, manufacturing, management, and more.<ref name=ac/>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Nike's annual Total CO<sub>2</sub>e Emissions – Location-Based Scope 1 + Scope 2 (in kilotonnes)
|-
! Jun 2015 !! Jun 2016 !! Jun 2017 !! Jun 2018 !! Jun 2019 !! Jun 2020
|-
| 286<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2019Q2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025231506/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf |url=https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf|archive-date=October 25, 2020 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2015Q2/12 Alt URL]</ref> || 300<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2019Q2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025231506/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf |url=https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf|archive-date=October 25, 2020 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2016Q2/12 Alt URL]</ref> || 327<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2019Q2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025231506/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf |url=https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf|archive-date=October 25, 2020 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2017Q2/12 Alt URL]</ref> || 301<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2019Q2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025231506/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf |url=https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf|archive-date=October 25, 2020 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2018Q2/12 Alt URL]</ref> || 305<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2019Q2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025231506/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf |url=https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf|archive-date=October 25, 2020 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2019Q2/12 Alt URL]</ref> || 317<ref name="Nike Total CO2e emissions for 2020Q2"/>
|}
While emissions of Nike's two corporate jets represent less than 0.1% of its total emissions, they have increased by 20% from 2015 to 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kish |first=Rob Davis, Agnel Philip, Alex Mierjeski, Matthew |date=2024-08-13 |title=After Nike Leaders Promised Climate Action, Their Corporate Jets Kept Flying — and Polluting |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/nike-corporate-jet-travel-carbon-emissions |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=ProPublica |language=en}}</ref>
'''<big>Partnership with Newlight</big>'''
In 2021, Nike announced they were working with Newlight Technologies to find more eco-friendly materials for their sneakers. They specifically mentioned Newlight's AirCarbon product which is a bioplastic that can be used to make shoes. The bioplastic is used as a replacement to leather, plastic, and other materials that are like that.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lexis® – Sign In {{!}} LexisNexis |url=https://advance.lexis.com/document?crid=828231b7-97e3-4e5b-906b-43ad2c3ff444&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fnews%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A63G7-N861-DXFS-2227-00000-00&pdsourcegroupingtype=&pdcontentcomponentid=434944&pdmfid=1516831&pdisurlapi=true |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=signin.lexisnexis.com}}</ref> Newlight was reported saying that the goal is to reduce Nike's carbon footprint.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-17 |title=What the Tech? Microorganism-Harvested AirCarbon Will Make Your Next Pair of Nikes |url=https://hypebeast.com/2021/9/newlight-technologies-aircarbon-negative-nike-sustainable-shoes-what-the-tech |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=HYPEBEAST}}</ref>
=== Sustainability ===
Nike has taken steps to reduce its environmental impact. It has worked to reduce carbon emissions nearly 3% across its value chain from its FY11 baseline,<ref name="FDRA">{{Cite web |title=FDRA {{!}} Nike's Sustainability Report Shows Environmental Impact Reductions |date=8 May 2014 |url=https://fdra.org/latest-news/nikes-sustainability-report-shows-environmental-impact-reductions/ |access-date=2023-04-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> and sourced from fewer, higher-performing contract factories.<ref name="FDRA" />
In 2019, Nike began a program called "Move to Zero" in an effort to achieve zero waste and zero carbon in the organization's supply chain and product lifetime.<ref name="Hall-2020">{{cite news |last1=Hall |first1=Christopher |title=Nike's Move to Zero Collection Leaves Little Fabric Waste Behind |id={{ProQuest|2353833050}} |url=https://sourcingjournal.com/sustainability/sustainability-news/nike-grind-move-to-zero-pattern-efficiency-sustainable-recycled-cotton-194775/ |work=Sourcing Journal |date=12 February 2020 }}</ref> The men's and women's sections of the collection contain at least 60% organic and recycled materials, including sustainably sourced cotton.<ref name="Hall-2020" />
==Marketing strategy==
Nike promotes its products through [[Sponsor (commercial)|sponsorship agreements]] with celebrity athletes, professional teams and college athletic teams. Nike has endorsement deals with many top sports players such as [[LeBron James]], [[Kevin Durant]], and [[Serena Williams]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Athletes: North America |url=https://www.nike.com/my/athletes/north-america |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=Nike.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>
===Advertising===
[[File:Nike Store in King of Prussia Mall.jpeg|thumb|right|Nike Store at the [[King of Prussia (shopping mall)|King of Prussia]] shopping mall in [[King of Prussia, Pennsylvania]]]]
In 1982, Nike aired its first three national television ads, created by newly formed ad agency [[Wieden+Kennedy]] (W+K), during the broadcast of the [[New York Marathon]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nudd|first1=Tim|title=W+K Finds Its First Ads Ever, for Nike, on Dusty Old Tapes|url=http://www.adweek.com/creativity/wieden-kennedy-finds-its-first-ads-ever-made-nike-dusty-old-tapes-156511/|website=Adweek|date=March 25, 2014 |access-date=April 9, 2017}}</ref> The Cannes Advertising Festival has named Nike its Advertiser of the Year in 1994 and 2003, making it the first company to receive that honor twice.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allbusiness.com/marketing-advertising/4121690-1.html |title=Nike's Knight Is Advertiser of the Year |publisher=AllBusiness.com |access-date=March 4, 2010}}</ref>
Nike also has earned the [[Emmy Award]] for best commercial in 2000 and 2002. The first was for "The Morning After," a satirical look at what a runner might face on the morning of January 1, 2000, if every dire prediction about the [[Year 2000 problem|Y2K problem]] came to fruition.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fass |first1=Allison |title=The Media Business: Advertising – Addenda; Nike Spot Wins An Emmy Award |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/31/business/the-media-business-advertising-addenda-nike-spot-wins-an-emmy-award.html |work=The New York Times |date=31 August 2000 }}</ref> The second was for a 2002 spot called "Move," which featured a series of famous and everyday athletes in a variety of athletic pursuits.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rutenberg |first1=Jim |title=The Media Business: Advertising – Addenda; Nike Spot Wins An Emmy Award |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/20/business/the-media-business-advertising-addenda-nike-spot-wins-an-emmy-award.html |work=The New York Times |date=20 September 2002 }}</ref>
====Beatles song====
Nike was criticized for its use of the [[The Beatles|Beatles]] song "[[Revolution (Beatles song)|Revolution]]" in a 1987 commercial against the wishes of [[Apple Records]], the Beatles' recording company. Nike paid US$250,000 to [[Capitol Records]] Inc., which held the North American licensing rights to the recordings, for the right to use the Beatles' rendition for a year.<ref name="AP" />
That same year, Apple Records sued Nike Inc., Capitol Records Inc., [[EMI|EMI Records]] Inc. and Wieden+Kennedy for $15 million.<ref name="AP">According to a July 28, 1987, article written by the [[Associated Press]].</ref> Capitol-EMI countered by saying the lawsuit was "groundless" because Capitol had licensed the use of "Revolution" with the "active support and encouragement of [[Yoko Ono]], a shareholder and director of Apple Records."
Nike discontinued airing ads featuring "Revolution" in March 1988. Yoko Ono later gave permission to Nike to use [[John Lennon]]'s "Instant Karma" in another advertisement.
====New media marketing====
Nike was an early adopter of [[internet marketing]], [[email management]] technologies, and using [[broadcast]] and [[narrowcasting|narrowcast]] communication technologies to create multimedia marketing campaigns.
====Minor Threat advertisement====
In late June 2005, Nike received criticism from [[Ian MacKaye]], owner of [[Dischord Records]], guitarist/vocalist for [[Fugazi]] and [[The Evens]], and front man of the defunct punk band [[Minor Threat]], for appropriating imagery and text from Minor Threat's [[First Two 7"s on a 12"|1981 self-titled album]]'s cover art in a flyer promoting [[Nike Skateboarding]]'s 2005 East Coast demo tour.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Levine |first1=Robert |title=A Nike Poster Upsets Fans of the Punk Rock Band Minor Threat in a Major Way |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/04/business/media/a-nike-poster-upsets-fans-of-the-punk-rock-band-minor-threat.html |work=The New York Times |date=4 July 2005 }}</ref> {{Clear}}
On June 27, Nike Skateboarding's website issued an apology to Dischord, Minor Threat, and fans of both and announced that they have tried to remove and dispose of all flyers. They stated that the people who designed it were skateboarders and Minor Threat fans themselves who created the advertisement out of respect and appreciation for the band.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nike.com/nikeskateboarding/v2/letter/index.html |title=Skateboarding |publisher=Nike |access-date=September 18, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125082327/http://www.nike.com/nikeskateboarding/v2/letter/index.html |archive-date=November 25, 2010 }}</ref> The dispute was eventually settled out of court between Nike and Minor Threat.
[[File:Niketown08.jpg|thumb|right|Niketown at [[Oxford Circus]], London]]
====Nike 6.0====
As part of the 6.0 campaign, Nike introduced a new line of T-shirts that include phrases such as "Dope", "Get High" and "Ride Pipe" – sports lingo that is also a [[double entendre]] for [[Recreational drug use|drug use]]. Boston Mayor [[Thomas Menino]] expressed his objection to the shirts after seeing them in a window display at the city's Niketown and asked the store to remove the display. "What we don't need is a major corporation like Nike, which tries to appeal to the younger generation, out there giving credence to the drug issue," Menino told ''[[The Boston Herald]]''. A company official stated the shirts were meant to pay homage to extreme sports, and that Nike does not condone the illegal use of drugs.<ref>{{cite news | first = Allan | last = Brettman | title = Nike courts controversy, publicity with drug-themed skater shirts | newspaper=The Oregonian | date = June 22, 2011 | url = http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2011/06/nike_courts_controversy_public.html | access-date = June 24, 2011}}</ref> Nike was forced to replace the shirt line.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stocksandshares.tv/nike-inc-nysenke-facing-slogan-backlash/3209121 |title=Nike Inc. (NYSE:NKE) Facing Slogan Backlash |publisher=stocksandshares.tv |date=June 24, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110627184405/http://www.stocksandshares.tv/nike-inc-nysenke-facing-slogan-backlash/3209121 |archive-date=June 27, 2011 }}</ref>
===NBA uniform deal===
In June 2015, Nike signed an 8-year deal with the [[NBA]] to become the official uniform supplier for the league, beginning with the 2017–18 season.<ref name="BallerStatus-2015" /> The brand took over for [[Adidas]], who provided the uniforms for the league since 2006.<ref name="BallerStatus-2015" /> Unlike previous deals, Nike's logo appear on NBA jerseys – a first for the league.<ref name="BallerStatus-2015">{{cite web |url=http://www.ballerstatus.com/2015/06/11/nike-signs-8-year-deal-with-nba/ |title=Nike Signs 8-Year Deal With NBA |publisher=BallerStatus.com |date=June 11, 2015 |access-date=June 11, 2015 |archive-date=April 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424030911/https://www.ballerstatus.com/2015/06/11/nike-signs-8-year-deal-with-nba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Initially, the [[Charlotte Hornets]], owned by longtime Nike endorser [[Michael Jordan]], were the only team not to sport the Nike swoosh, instead wearing the [[Jumpman (logo)|Jumpman]] logo associated with Jordan-related merchandise.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sbnation.com/lookit/2017/6/26/15872910/hornets-jumpman-jerseys-nba-nike-license |title=The Hornets will be the only NBA team to have jerseys licensed by Jumpman |first=James |last=Dator |publisher=[[SB Nation]] |date=June 26, 2017 |access-date=July 6, 2017}}</ref> However, beginning with the 2020–21 season, the Jumpman replaced the swoosh on the NBA's alternate "Statement" uniforms.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nba.com/news/nba-statement-edition-uniforms-jordan-brand-jumpman|title=Jumpman logo will appear on NBA Statement Edition uniforms for 2020–21 season|website=NBA.com|date=July 21, 2020|accessdate=June 18, 2022}}</ref>
==Sponsorship==
[[File:Jordan by Lipofsky 16577.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Michael Jordan]] (pictured in 1987) helped drive Nike sales.]]
Nike sponsors top athletes in many sports to use their products and promote and advertise their technology and design. Nike's first professional athlete endorser was Romanian tennis player [[Ilie Năstase]].<ref name="thestreet.com"/> The first track endorser was distance runner [[Steve Prefontaine]]. Prefontaine was the prized pupil of the company's co-founder, [[Bill Bowerman]], while he coached at the University of Oregon. Today, the Steve Prefontaine Building is named in his honor at Nike's corporate headquarters. Nike has only made one statue of its sponsored athletes and it is of Steve Prefontaine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0WMzYGhCgw|title=Fire on the Track – The Steve Prefontaine Story – Part 1|website=YouTube|language=en-US|access-date=June 4, 2019}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead YouTube link|date=February 2022}}</ref>
Nike has also sponsored many other successful [[track and field]] athletes over the years, such as [[Sebastian Coe]], [[Carl Lewis]], [[Jackie Joyner-Kersee]], [[Michael Johnson (sprinter)|Michael Johnson]] and [[Allyson Felix]]. The signing of basketball player [[Michael Jordan]] in 1984, with his subsequent promotion of Nike over the course of his career, with [[Spike Lee]] as [[Mars Blackmon]], proved to be one of the biggest boosts to Nike's publicity and sales.<ref>Skidmore, Sarah. [http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2004116738_airjordan10.html "23 years later, Air Jordans maintain mystique"], ''[[The Seattle Times]]'', January 10, 2008. Retrieved July 22, 2018.</ref>
[[File:Ronaldinho 11feb2007.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Ronaldinho]] (pictured with Barcelona in 2007) appeared in a 2005 Nike advertisement that went [[Viral video|viral]] on [[YouTube]], becoming the site's first video to reach one million views.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2282815-the-10-most-bling-boots-in-football|title=The 10 Most 'Bling' Boots in Football|last=Bailey|first=Ryan|website=Bleacher Report|language=en|access-date=February 22, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vidyard.com/blog/short-ish-history-online-video/|title=A Shortish History of Online Video|website=Vidyard|language=en-US|access-date=February 22, 2019}}</ref>]]
Nike is a major sponsor of the athletic programs at [[Penn State University]] and named its first child care facility after [[Joe Paterno]] when it opened in 1990 at the company's headquarters. Nike originally announced it would not remove Paterno's name from the building in the wake of the Penn State sex abuse scandal. After the Freeh Report was released on July 12, 2012, Nike CEO Mark Parker announced the name Joe Paterno would be removed immediately from the child development center. A new name has yet to be announced.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paterno's name off child care center |url=http://msn.foxsports.com/collegefootball/story/president-of-nike-mark-parker-deicdes-to-change-name-of-joe-paterno-child-development-center-at-company-headquarters-071212 |work=FOX Sports |access-date=July 12, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715024438/http://msn.foxsports.com/collegefootball/story/president-of-nike-mark-parker-deicdes-to-change-name-of-joe-paterno-child-development-center-at-company-headquarters-071212 |archive-date=July 15, 2012 |date=July 12, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Joe Paterno's Name Removed From Child Development Center at Nike Headquarters|url=http://www.nesn.com/2012/07/joe-paternos-name-removed-from-child-development-center-at-nike-headquarters.html|publisher=NESN.com|access-date=July 12, 2012|date=July 12, 2012}}</ref>
[[File:Kylian Mbappe 2017.jpg|thumb|upright|170px|Nike Hypervenom 3 boots were commissioned for French prodigy [[Kylian Mbappé]].]]
In the early 1990s, Nike made a strong push into the soccer business making endorsement deals with famous and charismatic players such as [[Romário]], [[Eric Cantona]] or [[Edgar Davids]]. They continued the growth in the sport by signing more top players including: [[Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)|Ronaldo]], [[Ronaldinho]], [[Francesco Totti]], [[Thierry Henry]], [[Didier Drogba]], [[Andrés Iniesta]], [[Wayne Rooney]] and still have many of the sport's biggest stars under their name, with [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]], [[Neymar]], [[Harry Kane]], [[Eden Hazard]] and [[Kylian Mbappé]] among others.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nikemedia.com.br/futebol/atletas/ |title=Jogadores de Futebol Patrocinados pela Nike |publisher=Nike Brasil |access-date=February 15, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419025657/http://nikemedia.com.br/futebol/atletas/ |archive-date=April 19, 2013 }}</ref> A Barcelona prodigy, [[Lionel Messi]] had been signed with Nike since age 14, but transferred to Adidas after they successfully challenged their rival's claim to his image rights in court.<ref>{{cite book |title=Messi: The Inside Story of the Boy Who Became a Legend |last=Caioli |first=Luca |date=2012 |publisher=Corinthian Books |page=94}}</ref>
[[File:New Zealand-Portugal (20).jpg|thumb|[[Cristiano Ronaldo]]]]
Nike has been the official ball supplier for the [[Premier League]] since the 2000–01 season.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Northcroft |title=The Premier League's goal rush |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/article6860188.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918065228/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/article6860188.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 18, 2011 |newspaper=The Sunday Times |date=October 4, 2009 |access-date=December 2, 2021}}</ref> In 2012, Nike carried a commercial partnership with the [[Asian Football Confederation]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/nike_offers_further_backing_for_asian_soccer|title=Nike offers further backing for Asian soccer|access-date=December 4, 2017|language=en}}</ref>
In August 2014, Nike announced that they will not renew their kit supply deal with [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] after the 2014–15 season, citing rising costs.<ref>{{cite news|title=Premier League: Sportswear giants Nike to end Manchester United sponsorship|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/12040/9375980/premier-league-sportswear-giants-nike-to-end-manchester-united-sponsorship|access-date=August 7, 2014|newspaper=Sky Sports|date=August 7, 2014|___location=London}}</ref> Since the start of the 2015–16 season, [[Adidas]] has manufactured Manchester United's kit as part of a world-record 10-year deal worth a minimum of £750 million.<ref>{{cite news|title=Manchester United sign record 10-year kit deal with Adidas worth £750m|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jul/14/manchester-united-kit-deal-adidas|last=Jackson|first=Jamie|access-date=July 14, 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|date=July 14, 2014|___location=London}}</ref>
[[File:-2009-04-18 Camp Nou stadium, Barcalona, Spain (12).JPG|thumb|left|Nike logo in the [[Camp Nou]], the home stadium of Barcelona]]
Nike still has many of the top teams playing in their uniforms, including: [[FC Barcelona]], [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] and [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] (the latter from the 2020–21 season),<ref>{{cite press release |title=LFC announces multi-year partnership with Nike as official kit supplier from 2020–21 |url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/announcements/381644-liverpool-fc-announces-multi-year-partnership-with-nike-as-official-kit-supplier-from-2020-21 |access-date=January 7, 2020 |publisher=Liverpool Football Club|___location=Liverpool}}</ref> and the national teams of Brazil, France, England, Uruguay and the Netherlands among many others.
Nike has been the sponsor for many top ranked tennis players. Brand's commercial success in the sport went hand in hand with the endorsement deals signed with the biggest and the world's most charismatic stars and number one ranked players of the subsequent eras, including [[John McEnroe]] in the 1980s, [[Andre Agassi]] and [[Pete Sampras]] in the 1990s and [[Roger Federer]], [[Rafael Nadal]], [[Serena Williams]] and [[Maria Sharapova]] with the start of the 21st century.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.nike.com/news/the-history-of-nike-tennis |title=The History of Nike Tennis |publisher=Nike |date=August 20, 2015 |access-date=August 19, 2021 }}</ref>
[[File:Tiger Woods June 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Tiger Woods]]]]
Nike sponsored [[Tiger Woods]] until 2024,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-67916788 |title=Tiger Woods and Nike end 27-year partnership |date=January 8, 2024 }}</ref> and remained on his side amid the controversies that shaped the golfer's career.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/06/nike-welcomes-tiger-woods-back-to-the-masters-with-ad-featuring-his-greatest-hits.html|title=Nike welcomes Tiger Woods back to the Masters with ad featuring his greatest hits|last=Handley|first=Lucy|date=April 6, 2018|website=www.cnbc.com|access-date=February 22, 2019}}</ref> In January 2013, Nike signed [[Rory McIlroy]], the then No 1 golfer in the world to a 10-year sponsorship deal worth $250 million.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|author=Tom Fordyce |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/golf/21018786 |title=Rory McIlroy, Nike and the $250m, 10-year sponsorship deal |publisher=BBC |date=January 14, 2013 |access-date=October 3, 2013}}</ref> Nike has also gone on to sign top players in golf including [[Scottie Scheffler]], [[Brooks Koepka]], [[Nelly Korda]], [[Tommy Fleetwood]], [[Tony Finau]] and [[Cam Davis]]. Nike’s 2016 decision to exit the golf equipment business–such as club manufacturing–due to an 8.2% decline sales in one year meant sponsored athletes exclusively wore Nike apparel.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Berr |first=Jonathan |date=2016-08-04 |title=Callaway Golf shares score off Nike's market duff - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/will-callaway-score-a-hole-in-one-after-nike-exits-the-golf-business/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's timeline in golf |url=https://www.golfdigest.com/story/nikes-timeline-in-golf |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=Golf Digest |language=en}}</ref>
Nike was the official kit sponsor for the [[Indian cricket team]] from 2005 to 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/30804/team-india-gets-new-nike-odi-kit/ |title=Team India's new NIKE ODI kit |date=October 2010 |publisher=Cricbuzz.com |access-date=October 3, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cricketliveguide.com/2010/09/29/new-nike-odi-team-kit-for-indian-cricket-team/ |title=Indian Cricket team's NIKE ODI kit |publisher=Cricketliveguide.com |date=September 29, 2010 |access-date=October 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005021719/http://www.cricketliveguide.com/2010/09/29/new-nike-odi-team-kit-for-indian-cricket-team/ |archive-date=October 5, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On February 21, 2013, Nike announced it suspended its contract with South African limbless athlete [[Oscar Pistorius]], due to him being charged with [[premeditated murder]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Oscar Pistorius dropped by Nike|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2013/02/21/oscar-pistorius-nike-suspends-contract/1935109/|newspaper=USA Today|access-date=February 21, 2013|first1=Roxanna|last1=Scott|date=February 21, 2013}}</ref>
Nike consolidated its position in basketball in 2015 when it was announced that the company would sign an 8-year deal with the NBA, taking over from the league's previous uniform sponsor, Adidas. The deal required all franchise team members to wear jerseys and shorts with the Swoosh logo, beginning with the 2017/18 season.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/13053413|title=Sources: NBA, Nike have near-$1B apparel deal|date=June 10, 2015|website=ESPN.com|language=en|access-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref> After the success of partnership with Jordan, which resulted in the creation of the unique [[Air Jordan]] brand, Nike has continued to build partnership with the biggest names in basketball. LeBron James was given the Slogan "We are All Witnesses" when he signed with Nike. Similar to "Air Jordan", James' brand became massively popular.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fleetwood|first=Nicole R.|title=On Racial Icons: Blackness and the Public Imagination|date=2015|publisher=Rutgers University Press|jstor=j.ctt15sk7t3|isbn=978-0-8135-6515-6|edition=DGO - Digital original}}</ref> Some have had signature shoes designed for them, including [[Kobe Bryant]], [[Jason Kidd]], [[Vince Carter]] and more recently, James and [[Kevin Durant]], [[Giannis Antetokounmpo]], [[Jayson Tatum]], [[Paul George]] and [[Luka Dončić]], among others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lakersnation.com/nike-zoom-kobe-4-protro-white-del-sol-pop-returns-may-24-on-snkrs/2019/05/23/|title=Nike Zoom Kobe 4 Protro 'White/Del Sol' POP Returns May 24 On SNKRS|date=May 23, 2019|website=Lakers Nation|language=en-US|access-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sneakernews.com/2019/03/07/vince-carter-nike-shox-bb4-raptors-pe/|title=Vince Carter Nike Shox BB4 Raptors PE {{!}} SneakerNews.com|date=March 7, 2019|website=Sneaker News|language=en-US|access-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hypebeast.com/2019/5/nike-lebron-james-16-hot-lava-release|title=Nike Unleashes "Hot Lava" LeBron 16s|website=HYPEBEAST|date=May 20, 2019|access-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.si.com/nba/2019/03/15/kevin-durant-nike-kd12-signature-sneaker-first-look|title=Kevin Durant unveils Nike KD 12|website=SI.com|date=March 15, 2019 |language=en|access-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.sbnation.com/2017/11/7/16618964/giannis-antetokounmpo-nike-sneaker-deal-nba/ | title=Giannis Antetokounmpo re-signs with Nike for a 'long-term partnership' | date=November 7, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.si.com/nba/2018/11/15/paul-george-nike-basketball-signature-thunder-pacers|title=The story behind Paul George's signature sneaker|website=SI.com|date=November 15, 2018 |language=en|access-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref>
Nike recently made signature shoes for WNBA stars as well, as the leagues popularity takes off. Although a dozen women have received signature sneakers in the WNBA's 27-year history, it had been over a decade since a woman had received a signature sneaker. Nike's first signature shoe in the WNBA was with [[Sheryl Swoopes|Sheryl Swoops]], and since then they have made signature silhouettes for [[Lisa Leslie]], [[Dawn Staley]], [[Cynthia Cooper-Dyke|Cynthia Cooper]], and most recently for [[Sabrina Ionescu]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vlahos |first=Nicholas |date=25 April 2024 |title=Every WNBA Player Who's Had a Signature Sneaker |url=https://www.soleretriever.com/news/articles/every-wnba-player-with-a-signature-sneaker#Sheryl-Swoopes---Nike-Air-Swoopes-(1995-2002) |access-date=31 May 2024 |website=[[Sole Retriever]]}}</ref> [[Caitlin Clark]] will also receive a signature shoe deal as part of her eight-year, 28 million dollar deal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vlahos |first=Nicholas |date=23 April 2024 |title=Caitlin Clark Will Get a Signature Nike Sneaker |url=https://www.soleretriever.com/news/articles/caitlin-clark-signature-nike-sneaker-eight-figure-endorsement-deal-april-2024 |access-date=31 May 2024 |website=[[Sole Retriever]]}}</ref>
A news report originating from CNN reported that Nike spent $11.5 billion, nearly a third of its sales, on marketing and endorsement contracts in the year 2018. Nike and its Jordan brand sponsored 85 men's and women's basketball teams in the NCAA tournament.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nike stocks fall after basketball prodigy touted as the 'next LeBron James' blows out his sneaker |url=https://finance.nine.com.au/2019/02/22/05/44/zion-williams-injury-nike-stocks-fall-after-basketball-prodigys-sneaker-explodes |website=nine.come. au |access-date=February 21, 2019}}</ref>
==Ties with the University of Oregon==
{{See also|Nike and the University of Oregon}}
Nike maintains strong ties, both directly and through partnerships with [[Phil Knight]], with the [[University of Oregon]].<ref name="Alger" /> Nike designs the University of Oregon football program's team attire.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Coaston|first=Jane|date=August 10, 2020|title=The Big Ten and Pac-12 postponed the college football season. Here's how we got here.|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/8/10/21355857/college-football-coronavirus-explained|access-date=August 31, 2020|website=Vox|language=en}}</ref> New unique combinations are issued before every game day.<ref name="Alger">{{cite news|last1=Alger|first1=Tyson|title=Oregon Ducks add orange to their Nike uniform repertoire for Colorado game|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/ducks/index.ssf/2016/09/oregon_ducks_add_orange_to_the.html|access-date=June 7, 2017|newspaper=The Oregonian}}</ref> [[Tinker Hatfield]], who also redesigned the university's logo, leads this effort.<ref name="Knight, and Tinker Hatfield">{{cite news|last1=Peter|first1=Josh|title=Behind Oregon's (Phil) Knight in shining armor|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ncaaf/pac12/2014/12/29/oregon-nike-phil-knight-college-football-playoff/21013009/|access-date=June 7, 2017|newspaper=USA Today}}</ref>
More recently, the corporation donated $13.5 million towards the renovation and expansion of [[Hayward Field]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Germano|first1=Sara|title=Nike Pledges $13.5 Million to Help Renovate University of Oregon Track Facilities|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/nike-pledges-13-5-million-to-help-renovate-university-of-oregon-track-facilities-1452022519|access-date=June 7, 2017|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref>
Phil Knight has invested substantial personal funds towards developing and maintaining the university's athletic apparatus.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bishop |first1=Greg |title=Oregon Embraces 'University of Nike' Image |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/03/sports/ncaafootball/oregon-football-complex-is-glittering-monument-to-ducks-ambitions.html |work=The New York Times |date=2 August 2013 }}</ref> His university projects often involve input from Nike designers and executives, such as [[Tinker Hatfield]].<ref name="Knight, and Tinker Hatfield" />
==Causes==
In 2012, Nike is listed as a partner of the [[Product Red|(PRODUCT)<sup>RED</sup>]] campaign together with other brands such as [[Girl Distribution Company|Girl]], [[American Express]], and [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse]]. The campaign's mission is to prevent the transmission of [[HIV and pregnancy|HIV from mother to child]]. The campaign's byline is "Fighting For An AIDS Free Generation". The company's goal is to raise and send funds, for education and medical assistance to those who live in [[Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS|areas heavily affected by AIDS]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.nike.com/news/nike-and-red%E2%84%A2-unite|title=(RED) Partners|year=2012|work=(RED)|publisher=(RED), a division of The ONE Campaign|access-date=October 13, 2012}}</ref> In 2023, Nike became the presenting sponsor of [[Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities]], which encourages youth in underserved communities to participate in baseball and softball.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mlb.com/news/nike-becomes-presenting-sponsor-of-rbi-program | title=Nike becomes presenting sponsor of RBI Program | website=[[MLB.com]] }}</ref>
== Program ==
The Nike Community Ambassador Program, allows Nike employees from around the world to go out and give to their community. Over 3,900 employees from various Nike stores have participated in teaching children to be active and healthy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://communityimpact.nike.com/nca|title=Nike Community Ambassadors {{!}} Nike Global Community Impact|website=Nike Global Community Impact|access-date=September 27, 2017}}</ref>
== Research ==
In 2016, a study done by RTG Consulting Group reflected that Nike was the 3rd most relevant brand for [[Generation Z|Gen-Z]] in [[China]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 10 brands most relevant to China's Gen-Z[1]- Chinadaily.com.cn |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016top10/2016-09/07/content_26720784.htm |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Casey |date=2016-08-19 |title=Apple, Nike and Adidas Win Over China's Generation Y and Z |url=https://wwd.com/feature/apple-nike-and-adidas-win-over-chinas-generation-y-and-z-10510775/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=WWD |language=en-US}}</ref>
Roth MKM's 2023 [[Millennials|Millennial]] survey reported in March that millennials with health and wellness concerns in the aftermath of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|pandemic]] ranked brands like Nike, [[Adidas]] and [[Lululemon Athletica|Lululemon]]<ref name="sgbonline.com">{{Cite web |title=Report: Nike, Adidas And Lululemon Top Millennials' Favorite Athletic Brands {{!}} SGB Media Online |url=https://sgbonline.com/report-nike-adidas-and-lululemon-top-millennials-favorite-athletic-brands/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=sgbonline.com}}</ref> as their preferred brands for purchases.<ref name="sgbonline.com"/>
In January 2023, a study by [[Rakuten]] concluded that Nike was the [[Search engine|most popular]] [[sportswear]] brand in the US, followed by Lululemon and Adidas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lockwood |first=Lisa |date=2023-01-09 |title=Nike Most Popular Sportswear Brand in the U.S., Followed by Lululemon and Adidas, Per Rakuten Study |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/nike-popular-sports-brand-us-rakuten-1235463268/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=WWD |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Brown |date=2023-07-28 |title=Shark Week's top advertisers—and more from iSpot, Kantar, Amazon, Nike: Datacenter Weekly |url=https://adage.com/article/datacenter/shark-weeks-top-advertisers-and-more-ispot-kantar-amazon-nike-datacenter-weekly/2507236 |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=Ad Age |language=en}}</ref>
In July 2023, a study by [[Kantar Group|Kantar]] found that Americans consider Nike as the Most Inclusive Brands (alongside other top brands like [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], and [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kantar launches the Brand Inclusion Index and finds Americans consider Nike, Amazon, and Disney as the Most Inclusive Brands |url=https://www.kantar.com/north-america/company-news/kantar-launches-the-brand-inclusion-index |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=www.kantar.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Bruce Brenn]]
* [[Dick Donahue]]
* [[Nike timeline]]
* [[Breaking2]] – A project by Nike to break the 2 hour marathon barrier.
* [[List of companies based in Oregon]]
{{Portal bar|Companies|Oregon|United States}}
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}
==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite news |last1=Egan |first1=Timothy |title=The Swoon of the Swoosh |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/13/magazine/the-swoon-of-the-swoosh.html |work=The New York Times |date=13 September 1998 }}
==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
{{Finance links
| name = Nike, Inc.
| symbol = NKE
| sec_cik = NKE
| yahoo = NKE
| google = NKE
}}
{{Nike}}
{{Sports equipment brands}}
{{Running Shoe Brands}}
{{Competitive swimwear}}
{{Dow Jones Industrial Average companies}}
{{ORCompanies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|45.5093|-122.8299|region:US_type:landmark|display=title}}
[[Category:Nike, Inc.| ]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in Oregon]]
[[Category:1970s fashion]]
[[Category:1980s fashion]]
[[Category:1990s fashion]]
[[Category:2000s fashion]]
[[Category:2010s fashion]]
[[Category:2020s fashion]]
[[Category:Athletic shoe brands]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1964]]
[[Category:Clothing companies established in 1964]]
[[Category:Companies based in Beaverton, Oregon]]
[[Category:Companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in the United States]]
[[Category:Nike brands|*]]
[[Category:Retail companies established in 1964]]
[[Category:Shoe brands]]
[[Category:Shoe companies of the United States]]
[[Category:
[[Category:
[[Category:
[[Category:
[[Category:
[[Category:
| |||