Knowledge ecosystem: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Approach to knowledge management}}

{{Refimprove|date=November 2008}}

{{Technical|date=March 2021}}

The idea of a '''[[knowledge]] [[ecosystem]]''' is an approach to [[knowledge management]] which claims to foster the dynamic evolution of [[knowledge]] interactions between entities to improve [[Decision-Making|decision-making]] and innovation through improved evolutionary networks of [[collaboration]].<ref>Paul Shrivastava (1998) [http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/shrivast/KnowledgeEcology.html Knowledge Ecology: Knowledge Ecosystems for Business Education and Training] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825081451/http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/shrivast/KnowledgeEcology.html |date=2017-08-25 }}</ref><ref>

Paul Shrivastava (1998) [http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/shrivast/KnowledgeEcology.html Knowledge Ecology: Knowledge Ecosystems for Business Education and Training]

</ref><ref>

David A. Bray (2007)

[httphttps://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_idabstract=984600 Knowledge Ecosystems: A Theoretical Lens for Organizations Confronting Hyperturbulent Environments]

</ref>

In contrast to purely directive [[management]] efforts that attempt either to manage or direct outcomes, knowledge ecosystems[[digital ecosystem]]s espouse that knowledge [[strategy|strategies]] should focus more on enabling [[self-organization]] in response to changing environments.<ref>

Jae-Suk Yang, Seungbyung Chae, Wooseop Kwak, Sun-Bin Kim, and In-mook Kim (2009).

[http://jpsjjournals.ipapjps.jp/link?JPSJdoi/78abs/03480310.1143/JPSJ.78.034803 Agent-Based Approach for Revitalization Strategy of Knowledge Ecosystem]

J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78

</ref> The suitability between knowledge and problems confronted defines the degree of "fitness" of a knowledge ecosystem. Articles discussing such ecological approaches typically incorporate elements of [[complex adaptive systems]] theory. Known implementation considerations of knowledge ecosystem include the [[Canadian Government ]].<ref>

William F. Birdsall et al. (2005). [http://www.carl-abrc.ca/projects/kdstudy/public_html/2005/chapter7.pdf Chapter 7: Towards an Integrated Knowledge Ecosystem: A Research Strategy]

in Towards an Integrated Knowledge Ecosystem: A Canadian Research Strategy, A Report Submitted to the Canadian Association of Research Libraries

{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927214334/http://www.carl-abrc.ca/projects/kdstudy/public_html/2005/chapter7.pdf |date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref>

</ref>.

== Key Elementselements ==

To understand knowledge ecology as a productive operation, it is helpful to focus on the knowledge ecosystem that lies at its core. Like natural ecosystems, these knowledge ecosystems have inputs, throughputs and outputs operating in open exchange relationship with their environments. Multiple layers and levels of systems may be integrated to form a complete ecosystem. These systems consist of interlinked knowledge resources, databases, human experts, and artificial knowledge agents that collectively provide an online knowledge for anywhere anytime performance of organizational tasks. The availability of knowledge on an anywhere-anytime basis blurs the line between learning and work performance. Both can occur simultaneously and sometimes interchangeably.<ref>Paul Shrivastava. [http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/shrivast/KnowledgeEcology.html Knowledge Ecology: Knowledge Ecosystems for Business Education and Training] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825081451/http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/shrivast/KnowledgeEcology.html |date=2017-08-25 }}.</ref>

Paul Shrivastava. [http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/shrivast/KnowledgeEcology.html Knowledge Ecology: Knowledge Ecosystems for Business Education and Training].

</ref>

Key elements of networked knowledge systems<ref>

Homa Bahrami,J. Stuart Evans (2005). [http://www.springerlink.com/content/j6478760q7066588/ The Research Laboratory: Silicon Valley's Knowledge Ecosystem], in [http://books.google.com/books?id=OlFUPUIcHoMC Super-Flexibility for Knowledge Enterprises]. Springer

</ref> include:

1. '''Core Technologies'''<ref>

Manzalini, A. Stavdas, A. (2008). [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=4545635 A Service and Knowledge Ecosystem for Telco3.0-Web3.0 Applications]

</ref>: Knowledge ecosystems operate on two types of technological core - one dealing with the content or substantive knowledge of the industry, and the other involving computer hardware and software and telecommunications, that serve as the "procedural technology" of operations. These technologies provide knowledge management capabilities that are far beyond individual human capacity. In the business education and training context substantive technology would be knowledge of different business functions, tasks, processes products, R&D, markets, finances and relations. Research, codification, documentation, publication and electronic sharing create this substantive knowledge. Communications between computers and among humans permit knowledge ecosystems to be interactive and responsive within the wider community and within its subsystems.

2. '''Critical Interdependencies'''<ref>

Bray, David A., Croxson, Karen, Dutton, William H. and Konsynski, Benn, Sermo (2008). [http://ssrn.com/abstract=1016483 Sermo: A Community-Based, Knowledge Ecosystem]. Oll Distributed Problem-Solving Networks Conference, February 2008

</ref>: Organizational knowledge resides in a complex network of individuals, systems and procedures both inside and outside the organization. This network is established in the form of social and technological relationships. The relationships reflect vital interests and mutual histories. The elements of the network are dependent on each other for resources and mutual survival. Accessing and using this knowledge network involves understanding and maintaining the integrity of underlying relationships.

== Core technologies ==

3. '''Knowledge Engines and Agents'''<ref>

Shrivastava, Paul (1998). [http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED427735&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED427735 Implementing Socrates Knowledge Management System for Education and Training]

</ref>: This refers to the system of creating knowledge including the research and development processes, experts, operational managers/administrators, software systems, archival knowledge resources and databases. Knowledge agents are independent software systems that perform dedicated organizational knowledge functions. In the case of business education knowledge ecosystem these engines and agents include, researchers, faculty or trainers, WWW information resources, corporate and industry data bases, and software systems for accomplishing specific strategic tasks.

Knowledge ecosystems operate on two types of technology cores – one involving content or substantive industry knowledge, and the other involving computer hardware and software – telecommunications, which serve as the "procedural technology" for performing operations. These technologies provide knowledge management capabilities that are far beyond individual human capabilities. In a corporate training context, a substantive technology would be knowledge of various business functions, tasks, R&D process products, markets, finances, and relationships.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vodă |first1=Ana Iolanda |last2=Bortoş |first2=Sergiu |last3=Şoitu |first3=Daniela Tatiana |date=2023-06-01 |title=Knowledge Ecosystem: A Sustainable Theoretical Approach |url=https://ecsdev.org/ojs/index.php/ejsd/article/view/1389 |journal=European Journal of Sustainable Development |language=en |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=47 |doi=10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n2p47 |issn=2239-6101|doi-access=free }}</ref> Research, coding, documentation, publication and sharing of electronic resources create this background knowledge. Computer-to-computer and human-to-human communications enable knowledge ecosystems to be interactive and responsive within a larger community and its subsystems.<ref>Manzalini, A. Stavdas, A. (2008). [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4545635?arnumber=4545635 "A Service and Knowledge Ecosystem for Telco3.0-Web3.0 Applications"], {{doi|10.1109/ICIW.2008.120}}</ref>

4. '''Performative Actions'''<ref>

{{cite book

| last=Choo | first=C.

| last2=Bontis | first2=Nick

| author2-link=Nick Bontis

| year=2002

| title=The Strategic Management of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Knowledge

| publisher=Oxford University Press | ___location=New York

| isbn=019515486X

| url=http://books.google.com/?id=MrqqutgQydEC

}}</ref>: Organizational knowledge is converted into economic value through processes that involve action. These could be cognitive actions such as learning or deciding, or physical actions such as preparing a meal or writing a check, and social actions such as organizing or entertaining. Organizational tasks most often require all these and other types of actions to occur in a linked way for value to be created. They occur in the physical spaces, electronic spaces, economic transactions, and communicative exchanges of knowledge tasks. They contribute to achievement of organizational goals. To concretize these elements let us review a few examples of knowledge ecosystems.

== See also ==

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|

* [[Collective intelligence]]

* [[Digital ecosystem]]

* [[Distributed cognition]]

* [[Ecosemiotics]]

* [[Ecosystem]]

* [[Global brain]]

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* [[Knowledge management]]

* [[Knowledge market]]

* [[IntelligentSmart city]]

* [[Sociology of knowledge]]}}

== Notes ==

{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* Clippinger, J. (ed.). The Biology of Business: Decoding the Natural Laws of Enterprise, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1999.

* March, James G. A Primer on Decision-Making. (1994)

* March, James G. The Pursuit of Organizational Intelligence. (1998)

* {{cite journal | reflast=harv Malhotra | first=Yogesh

| last= Malhotra | first=Yogesh

| year= 1999

| title=Knowledge Management for Organizational White Waters: An Ecological Framework

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| url=http://www.brint.com/papers/ecology.htm

}}

* {{cite journal
| reflast=harvPór

| last=Pór | first=G.

| year=2000

| title=Nurturing Systemic Wisdom through Knowledge Ecology

| journal=The Systems Thinker

| volume=11
| issue=8

| pages=1–5

| url=http://www.community-intelligence.com/files/KE%20in%20SysThinker.pdf

| access-date=2009-09-23

}}

| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005234313/http://www.community-intelligence.com/files/KE%20in%20SysThinker.pdf

| archive-date=2011-10-05

| url-status=dead

}}

*Miller, F. Q. (2015). Experiencing information use for early career academics’ learning: a knowledge ecosystem model. ''Journal of Documentation'', 71 (6): 1228–1249. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1108/JD-04-2014-0058</nowiki>

==External links==

* Tim Clark (2006). [http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/hcls/task_forces/Knowledge_Ecosystem.html Knowledge Ecosystem Task Force Proposal], W3C HCLS-SIG Draft for discussion 2/13/06

* https://web.archive.org/web/20090412025302/http://wiki.nasa.gov/cm/wiki/Federal%20Knowledge%20Management%20Working%20Group%20(KMWG).wiki/1001884main_Bontis%20from%20KM%20101%20Slides.ppt

* https://web.archive.org/web/20090504065005/http://www.climatechange.ca.gov/adaptation/meetings/2008-10-10_meeting/2008-10-10_CAS_Public_Meeting_Presentation.pps

* Zhuge H. and Shi, X. Toward the Eco-grid: A Harmoniously Evolved Interconnection Environment. Communications of the ACM, 47(9)(2004)78-83.

* Manzalini, A. Stavdas, A. (2008). [http: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpldocument/freeabs_all.jsp4545635?arnumber=4545635 A Service and Knowledge Ecosystem for Telco3.0-Web3.0 Applications]

[[Category:Business terms]]

[[Category:CognitiveKnowledge sciencemanagement]]

[[Category:Management]]

[[Category:Systems ecology]]