MPEG program stream: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Container format for multiplexing digital audio, video and more}}

{{Infobox file format

| name = MPEG Program Stream

| icon =

| logo =

| extension = .mpg, .mpeg, .m2p, .ps

| mime = video/MP2P,<ref name="rfc3555"/> video/MP1S,<ref name="rfc3555">{{cite web |url=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3555#page-39 |title=RFC 3555 - MIME Type Registration of RTP Payload Formats |date=July 2003-07 |accessdateaccess-date=2010-03-20}}</ref> video/mpeg<ref name="pronom-mpeg2ps">{{cite web |url=https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/PRONOM/Format/proFormatSearch.aspx?status=detailReport&id=660 |title=Details for: MPEG-2 Program Stream |work=PRONOM: The technical registry |publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)]]}}</ref><ref name="pronom-mpeg1ps">{{cite web |url=https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/PRONOM/Format/proFormatSearch.aspx?status=detailReport&id=659 |title=Details for: MPEG-1 Program Stream |work=PRONOM: The technical registry |publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)]]}}</ref>

| type code =

| uniform type = public.mpeg<ref name="pronom-mpeg2ps"/><ref name="pronom-mpeg1ps"/>

| magic =

| owner = [[MPEG]]

| released = {{Start date|1993|df=yes}}<!-- {{Startand dateage|YYYY1993|mm|dd08|df=yes}} --><ref name="11172-1">{{cite web | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=19180 | title=ISO/IEC 11172-1:1993 - Information technology -- Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s -- Part 1: Systems | author=ISO | dateyear=1993 | accessdateaccess-date=2010-07-18 }}</ref>

| latest release version = ISO/IEC 13818-1:2019

| latest release date = <!-- {{Start date and age|YYYY2019|mm|dd06|df=yes}} -->

| type = [[Container format (digital)|Container format]]

| genre = [[Media container]]

| container for = Audio, video, data

| contained by =

| extended from =

| extended to = [[VOB]], [[Enhanced VOB|EVO]], [[MOD and TOD (video format)|MOD]]

| standard = ISO/IEC 11172-1,<ref name="11172-1" />, ISO/IEC 13818-1,<ref name="13818-1">{{cite web | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=22989 | title=ISO/IEC 13818-1:1996 - Information technology -- Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems | author=ISO | dateyear=1996 | accessdateaccess-date=2010-07-18 }}</ref>, ITU-T H.222.0<ref name="h2220-summary">{{cite web |url=http://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-t/rec/h/T-REC-H.222.0-200605-I!!SUM-HTM-E.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519041216/http://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-t/rec/h/T-REC-H.222.0-200605-I%21%21SUM-HTM-E.htm |archive-date=2011-05-19 |title=H.222.0 Summary |author=ITU-T |date=May 2006-05 |accessdateaccess-date=2010-06-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="h2220">{{cite web |url=http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.222.0 |title=H.222.0 : Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems |author=ITU-T |accessdateaccess-date=2010-06-03}}</ref>

| open = Yes

| free = Yes<ref>{{cite tech report |publisher=Library of Congress |___location=Washington, D.C. |series=Sustainability of Digital Formats |type=Full draft |title=MPEG-2 Encoding Family |date=14 February 2012 |url=https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000335.shtml |access-date=13 December 2021 |quote=Licenses pertain to tools and not to streams or files per se.}}</ref>

}}

'''Program stream''' ('''PS''' or '''MPEG-PS''') is a [[container format (digital)|container format]] for [[multiplexing]] [[digital audio]], [[video]] and more. The PS format is specified in [[MPEG-1]] Part 1 (ISO/IEC 11172-1) and [[MPEG-2]] Part 1, Systems (ISO/IEC standard 13818-1<ref name="mpeg2systems-neuron">{{citation |url=http://neuron2.net/library/mpeg2/iso13818-1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611214610/http://neuron2.net/library/mpeg2/iso13818-1.pdf |archive-date=2010-06-11 |title=ISO/IEC 13818-1:2000 - Information technology -- Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems |format=PDF |publisher=neuron2.net |date=2000-12-01 |accessdate=2010-06-03}}</ref>/ITU-T H.222.0<ref name="h2220-summary" /><ref name="h2220" />). The MPEG-2 Program Stream is analogous and similar to ISO/IEC 11172 Systems layer and it is forward compatible.<ref name="iso13818">ISO (2000-12-01) [https://web.archive.org/web/20100611214610/http://neuron2.net/library/mpeg2/iso13818-1.pdf ISO/IEC 13818-1 : 2000, Second edition] Page X, Retrieved on 2009-07-25</ref><ref>[httphttps://books.google.com/books?id=L7N0LQvBKtYC&lpg=PA39&ots=P9VPn4q1zA&dq=mpeg%20program%20stream%20specification&hl=cs&pg=PA39 Data Broadcasting, MPEG-2 Transport Basics, MPEG-2 Program Stream], Retrieved on 2009-07-25</ref>

Program streams are used on [[DVD-Video]] discs and [[HD DVD]] video discs, but with some restrictions and extensions.<ref name="mpeg-dvd">[https://dvd.sourceforge.net/dvdinfo/dvdmpeg.html DVD - MPeg differences], Retrieved on 2009-07-24</ref><ref>MPEG.org (July 21, 1996) [http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG/DVD/Book_B/Video.html DVD Technical Notes - Video Data Specifications] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621150928/http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG/DVD/Book_B/Video.html |date=2015-06-21 }}, Retrieved on 2009-07-25</ref> The filename extensions are [[VOB]] and [[Enhanced VOB|EVO]] respectively.

Program streams are created by combining one or more [[Packetized Elementary Stream]]s (PES), which have a common time base, into a single stream. It is designed for reasonably reliable media such as disks, in contrast to [[MPEG transport stream]] which is for data transmission in which loss of data is likely. Program streams have variable size records and minimal use of [[start code]]s which would make over the air reception difficult, but has less overhead. Program stream coding layer allows only one [[MPEG transport stream#Programs|program]] of one or more elementary streams to be combined into a single stream, in contrast to transport stream, which allows multiple programs.<ref name="iso13818" />

==Coding structure==

MPEG-2 Program stream can contain MPEG-1 Part 2 video, [[MPEG-2 Part 2]] video, MPEG-1 Part 3 audio ([[MPEG-1 Audio Layer III|MP3]], [[MPEG-1 Audio Layer II|MP2]], [[MPEG-1 Audio Layer I|MP1]]) or MPEG-2 Part 3 audio.<ref name="iso13818"/> It can also contain [[MPEG-4 Part 2]] video, MPEG-2 Part 7 audio ([[Advanced audio coding|AAC]]) or MPEG-4 Part 3 (AAC) audio,<ref name="iso13818"/> but they are rarely used.{{Citation needed|reason=MPEG-4 Part 2 streams can be found in many countries and increasingly so as ASO continues worldwide|date=August 2010}} The MPEG-2 Program stream has provisions for non-standard data (e.g. [[AC-3]] audio or subtitles) in the form of so-called private streams.<ref name="whatisvob">[http://www.mpucoder.com/DVD/vobov.html What is a VOB file], Retrieved on 2009-07-26</ref> International Organization for Standardization authorized [[SMPTE]] Registration Authority, LLC as the registration authority for MPEG-2 format identifiers. It publishes list of compression formats which can be encapsulated in MPEG-2 transport stream and program stream.<ref>[http://smpte-ra.org/mpegreg/mpeg.html SMPTE Registration Authority, LLC - registration authority for MPEG-2 format identifiers] Retrieved on 2009-07-06</ref>

Program streams are created by combining one or more [[Packetized Elementary Stream]]s (PES), which have a common time base, into a single stream. It is designed for reasonably reliable media such as disks, in contrast to [[MPEG transport stream]] which is for data transmission in which loss of data is likely. Program streams have variable size records and minimal use of [[start code]]s which would make over the air reception difficult, but has less overhead. Program stream coding layer allows only one [[MPEG transport stream#Programs|program]] of one or more elementary streams to be combinedpackaged into a single stream, in contrast to transport stream, which allows multiple programs.<ref name="iso13818" />

MPEG-2 Program stream can contain MPEG-1 Part 2 video, [[MPEG-2 Part 2]] video, MPEG-1 Part 3 audio ([[MPEG-1 Audio Layer III|MP3]], [[MPEG-1 Audio Layer II|MP2]], [[MPEG-1 Audio Layer I|MP1]]) or MPEG-2 Part 3 audio.<ref name="iso13818"/> It can also contain [[MPEG-4 Part 2]] video, MPEG-2 Part 7 audio ([[Advanced audio coding|AAC]]) or MPEG-4 Part 3 (AAC) audio,<ref name="iso13818"/> but they are rarely used.{{Citation needed|reason=MPEG-4 Part 2 streams can be found in many countries and increasingly so as ASO continues worldwide|date=August 2010}} The MPEG-2 Program stream has provisions for non-standard data (e.g. [[Dolby AC-3|AC-3]] audio or subtitles) in the form of so-called private streams.<ref name="whatisvob">[http://www.mpucoder.com/DVD/vobov.html What is a VOB file], Retrieved on 2009-07-26</ref> International Organization for Standardization authorized [[SMPTE]] Registration Authority, LLC as the registration authority for MPEG-2 format identifiers. It publishes a list of compression formats which can be encapsulated in MPEG-2 transport stream and program stream.<ref>[http{{cite web |url=https://smpte-ra.org/mpegreg/mpeg.html-ts-ids |title=MPEG Transport Stream Identifiers |publisher=SMPTE Registration Authority, LLC |access- registration authority for MPEGdate=2016-2 format identifiers] Retrieved on 2009-0709-0616}}</ref>

Program streams are used on [[DVD-Video]] discs and [[HD DVD]] video discs, but with some restrictions and extensions.<ref name="mpeg-dvd">[http://dvd.sourceforge.net/dvdinfo/dvdmpeg.html DVD - MPeg differences], Retrieved on 2009-07-24</ref><ref>MPEG.org (July 21, 1996) [http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG/DVD/Book_B/Video.html DVD Technical Notes - Video Data Specifications], Retrieved on 2009-07-25</ref> The filename extensions are [[VOB]] and [[Enhanced VOB|EVO]] respectively. [[Blu-ray Disc|Blu-ray]] Video discs contain streams in BDAV container, which is based on the [[MPEG transport stream]] (TS) format<ref name="bdav">AfterDawn.com [http://www.afterdawn.com/glossary/terms/bdav.cfm Glossary - BDAV container], Retrieved on 2009-07-26</ref><ref name="bdvm">AfterDawn.com [http://www.afterdawn.com/glossary/terms/bd-mv.cfm Glossary - BD-MV (Blu-ray Movie) and BDAV container], Retrieved on 2009-07-26</ref><ref name="bdav-videohelp">Videohelp.com [http://www.videohelp.com/hd What is Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD?], Retrieved on 2009-07-26</ref> with an additional 4 byte time code added to the beginning of each TS packet ([[MPEG transport stream#Modifications of transport stream specification for random-access media (M2TS)|modification of TS for random-access media]]).

==Coding structuredetails==

If you open up an unencrypted VOB file or other program stream with a [[hex editor]] you will see the following structure.

{|class="wikitable"

|+ Partial MPEG-2 Program Stream Packpack header format<ref>[http{{Cite web|url=https://dvd.sourceforge.net/dvdinfo/packhdr.html |title=Pack Header<!-- Bot generated title -->]|website=dvd.sourceforge.net}}</ref>

!Name

!Number<br/>of [[bit]]s

!Description

|-

|[[sync byte]]s||32||0x000001BA

|-

|marker bits||2||01[[binary numeral system|b]] for MPEG-2 version. The marker bits for the MPEG-1 version are 4 bits with value 0010[[binary numeral system|b]].

|-

|System clock [32..30]||3||[http://www.bretl.com/mpeghtml/SCR.HTM System Clock Reference] (SCR) bits 32 to 30

|-

|marker bit||1||1 Bit always set.

Line 72 ⟶ 75:

|+ Partial system header format

!Name

!Number<br/>of [[bytes]]

!Description

|-

Line 83 ⟶ 86:

|audio bound and flags||1||

|-

|flags, marketmarker bit, and video bound||1||

|-

|Packet rate restriction and reserved byte||1||

Line 91 ⟶ 94:

*[[Elementary stream]]

*[[MPEG transport stream]]

*[[MPEG-1]]

*[[MPEG-2]]

==References==

Line 98 ⟶ 99:

==External links==

* [http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-2/mpeg-2.htm MPEG-2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421094015/http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-2/mpeg-2.htm |date=2013-04-21 }}

* [http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/ Official MPEG web site]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121113135154/http://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/papers/index-mpeg-vision.shtml BBC On MPEG]

* [http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3555#page-40 RFC 3555] - MIME Type Registration of RTP Payload Formats (video/MP2P, video/MP1S)

{{Compression Formatsformats}}

{{MPEG}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mpeg Program Stream}}

[[Category:ContainerDigital container formats]]

[[Category:MPEG]]

*[[Category:MPEG-12]]

[[Category:ITU-T recommendations]]

[[de:Programmstrom]]

[[es:Program Stream]]

[[fr:MPEG program stream]]

[[yo:MPEG program stream]]