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{{Windows Vista}}
[[Windows Vista]] contains a range of new technologies and features that are intended to help [[network administrator]]s and [[power user]]s better manage their systems.
==Setup==
{{main|Windows Preinstallation Environment}}
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Windows Vista Setup.png|thumb|right|Screenshot of the setup process.]] -->
The setup process for Windows Vista has been completely rewritten and is now [[disk image|image-based
Windows XP only supported loading storage drivers from [[floppy diskette]]s during initialization of the setup process; Windows Vista supports loading drivers for [[SATA]], [[SCSI]], and [[RAID]] controllers from any external source in addition to floppy diskettes prior to its installation.<ref name="UpgradingAndRepairingPCs">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jw7yCQAAQBAJ&q=%22Windows+XP+and+earlier+only+support+loading+these+drivers+from+a+floppy+disk%2C+whereas+Windows+Vista+and+later+support+optical+drives+as+well+as+USB+drives%22&pg=PT542 |title=Upgrading and Repairing PCs |last=Mueller |first=Scott |date=2015 |page=295 |publisher=[[Que Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-13-405769-9 |access-date=May 1, 2016}}</ref>
At the end of the setup process, Windows Vista can also automatically download and apply security and device-driver updates from [[Windows Update]]. Previous versions of Windows could only configure updates to be installed after the operating system installation.
==System recovery==
{{main|Windows Recovery Environment}}
The new ''Windows Recovery Environment'' (''WinRE'') detects and repairs various operating system problems; it presents a set of options dedicated to diagnostics including [[Management features new to Windows Vista#Startup Repair|Startup Repair]], [[System Restore]], [[Backup and Restore]], Windows Memory Diagnostics Tool, [[Command Prompt]], and options specific to [[original equipment manufacturer]]s. WinRE is accessible by pressing {{Keypress|F8}} during operating system boot or by booting from a Windows installation source such as optical media.
===Startup Repair===
''Startup Repair'' (formerly ''System Recovery Troubleshooter Wizard''<ref name="WinHEC2004">{{cite web |url=http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/8/f/18f8cee2-0b64-41f2-893d-a6f2295b40c8/TW04046_WINHEC2004.ppt |title=Longhorn Manufacturing Features |last=Myers |first=Mark |date=2004 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827073150/http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/8/f/18f8cee2-0b64-41f2-893d-a6f2295b40c8/TW04046_WINHEC2004.ppt |archive-date=August 27, 2006 |format=PPT |access-date=June 11, 2015}}</ref>) is a diagnostic feature designed to repair systems that cannot boot due to operating system corruption, incompatible drivers, or damaged hardware; it scans for corruption of operating system components such as [[Boot Configuration Data]] and the [[Windows Registry]] and also checks [[boot sector]]s, [[file system]] metadata, [[Master Boot Record]]s, and [[partition table]]s for errors and whether the root cause for failure originated during an installation of Windows.<ref name="WindowsRE">{{cite web |url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc722188%28v=ws.10%29.aspx |title=How Windows RE Works |author=Microsoft |author-link=Microsoft |work=[[Microsoft TechNet|TechNet]] |access-date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Microsoft designed ''Startup Repair'' to repair over eighty percent of issues that users may experience.<ref name="WinHEC2004"/><ref name="WinHEC2005">{{cite web |url=http://download.microsoft.com/download/9/8/f/98f3fe47-dfc3-4e74-92a3-088782200fe7/TWAR05003_WinHEC05.ppt |title=Longhorn OS Deployment and Manufacturing Features |last=Myers |first=Mark |date=2005 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050525220614/http://download.microsoft.com/download/9/8/f/98f3fe47-dfc3-4e74-92a3-088782200fe7/TWAR05003_WinHEC05.ppt |archive-date=May 25, 2005 |format=PPT |access-date=June 11, 2015}}</ref> Windows Vista [[Windows Vista#Service Pack 1|Service Pack 1]] enhances Startup Repair to replace additional system files during the repair process that may be damaged or missing due to corruption.<ref name="TechNetNotableSP1">{{cite web |url=http://technet2.microsoft.com/WindowsVista/en/library/005f921e-f706-401e-abb5-eec42ea0a03e1033.mspx?mfr=true |title=Notable Changes in Vista Service Pack 1 |date=2008 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503040732/http://technet2.microsoft.com/WindowsVista/en/library/005f921e-f706-401e-abb5-eec42ea0a03e1033.mspx?mfr=true |archive-date=May 3, 2008 |access-date=January 6, 2021}}</ref>
==Component Based Servicing==
''Package Manager'', part of the Windows Vista [[computer maintenance|servicing]] [[technology stack|stack]], replaces the previous ''Package Installer'' (<code>Update.exe</code>) and ''Update Installer'' (<code>Hotfix.exe</code>). Microsoft delivers updates for Windows Vista as files and resources only. Package Manager, [[Windows Update]], and the Control Panel item to turn Windows features on and off, all use the Windows Vista servicing stack. Package Manager can also install updates to an offline Windows image, including updates, boot-critical device drivers, and language packs.
Windows Vista introduced Component-Based Servicing (CBS) as an architecture for installation and [[computer maintenance|servicing]].<ref>
{{cite book
|url=http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/introducing-windows-server-2008-mitch-tulloch/1100348881?ean=9780735649279
|title=Introducing Windows Server 2008 |access-date=16 July 2013
| last = Tulloch
| first = Mitch
| others = Microsoft Windows Server Team
| year = 2010
| publisher = O'Reilly Media, Inc.
| isbn = 9780735649279
| quote = Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 have a new architecture, called Component Based Servicing (CBS) to capture all the dependencies across binaries, system integrity information per resource, and any customized commands [...] needed for servicing to occur. The new architecture provides a unified platform for OS installation and optional component installation and servicing.
}}
</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.msmvps.com/bradley/2009/03/27/cbs-is-not-the-television-network-rather-it-s-your-new-patch-logs/|title=CBS is not the television network, rather it's your new Patch logs|date=March 27, 2009|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.tiensivu.com/aaron/archives/1562-What-is-CBS.LOG-The-Component-Based-Servicing-log-for-Vista..html|title=What is CBS.LOG? The Component-Based Servicing log for Vista. - Aaron Tiensivu's Blog|date=April 15, 2008|website=blog.tiensivu.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref>
==Deployment==
{{main|Windows Automated Installation Kit|Microsoft Deployment Toolkit}}
The deployment of Windows Vista uses a hardware-independent image, the [[Windows Imaging Format]] (WIM). The image file contains the necessary bits of the operating system, and its contents are copied ''as is'' to the target system. Other system specific software, such as device drivers and other applications, are installed and configured afterwards. This reduces the time taken for installation of Windows Vista.
Corporations can author their own image files (using the WIM format) which might include all the applications that the organization wants to deploy. Also multiple images can be kept in a single image file, to target multiple scenarios. This ability is used by Microsoft to include all editions of Windows Vista on the same disc,<ref>[http://www.microsoft.com/technet/windowsvista/deploy/depenhnc.mspx Windows Vista Deployment Enhancements]</ref> and install the proper version based on the provided product key. In addition, initial configuration, such as locale settings, account names, etc. can be supplied in ''XML Answer Files'' to automate installation.<ref>[http://www.microsoft.com/technet/windowsvista/deploy/default.mspx Windows Automated Installation Kit (WAIK)]</ref>
Line 33 ⟶ 49:
[[ClickOnce]] is a deployment technology for "[[smart client]]" applications that enables self-updating Windows-based applications that can be installed and run with minimal user interaction, and in a fashion that does not require administrator access.
The ''[[ActiveX]] Installer Service'' is an optional component included with the Business, Enterprise and Ultimate editions that provides a method for network administrators in a ___domain to authorize the installation and upgrade of specific [[ActiveX control]]s while operating as a standard user. ActiveX components that have been listed in [[Group Policy]] can be installed without a [[User Account Control]] consent dialog being displayed.<ref name="activexinstallservice">
{{cite web |url= http://blogs.msdn.com/uac/archive/2006/06/14/631416.aspx
|title= The ActiveX Installer Service
|author= Chris Corio
|date= 2006-06-14
|
|work= UAC Blog
|publisher= MSDN Blogs
}}
</ref> ==
{{main|Windows Event Log}}
Windows Vista includes a number of self-diagnostic features which help identify various problems and, if possible, suggest corrective actions. The ''event logging'' subsystem in Windows Vista also has been completely overhauled and rewritten around [[XML]] to allow applications to more precisely log events. [[Event Viewer]] has also been rewritten to take advantage of these new features. There are a large number of different types of event logs that can be monitored including Administrative, Operational, Analytic, and Debug log types. For instance, selecting the ''Application Logs'' node in the ''Scope'' pane reveals numerous new subcategorized event logs, including many labeled as diagnostic logs. Event logs can now be configured to be automatically forwarded to other systems running Windows Vista or Windows Server 2008. Event logs can also be remotely viewed from other computers or multiple event logs can be centrally logged and managed from a single computer. Event logs can be filtered by one or more criteria, and custom views can be created for one or more events. Such categorizing and advanced filtering allows viewing logs related only to a certain subsystem or an issue with only a certain component. Events can also be directly associated with tasks, via the redesigned ''[[Event Viewer]]''.
==Windows Error Reporting==
{{main|Windows Error Reporting}}
Windows Error Reporting has been improved significantly in [[Windows Vista]]. Most importantly a new set of public APIs have been created for reporting failures other than application crashes and hangs.<ref>[http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb513635.aspx WER APIs]</ref> Developers can create custom reports and customize the reporting user interface. The new APIs are documented in MSDN. The architecture of Windows Error Reporting has been revamped with a focus on reliability and user experience. WER can now report errors even when the process is in a very bad state for example if the process has encountered [[stack (data structure)|stack]] exhaustions, [[Process Environment Block|PEB]]/TEB corruptions, [[heap (data structure)|heap]] corruptions etc. In Windows XP, the process terminated silently without generating an error report in these conditions.
A new feature called [[Problem Reports and Solutions]] has also been added. It is a [[Control Panel (Windows)|Control Panel]] applet that keeps a record of all system and application errors and issues, as well as presents probable solutions to problems.
==Diagnostics and performance==
Windows Vista introduces major diagnostic capabilities, which include new feature additions for monitoring performance and for reporting issues:<ref name="WVPG">{{cite web |url=http://download.microsoft.com/download/c/9/8/c988dce4-1971-4ad4-a1ef-df99e596a4cc/WVPG%20RTM.docx |title=Windows Vista Product Guide |date=2006 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930121347/http://download.microsoft.com/download/c/9/8/c988dce4-1971-4ad4-a1ef-df99e596a4cc/WVPG%20RTM.docx |archive-date=September 30, 2011 |access-date=February 21, 2021 }}</ref>
* A new ''Performance Information and Tools'' [[Control Panel (Windows)|Control Panel]] applet includes details and features related to performance.
* A new [[Resource Monitor]] includes System Stability Reports that graph daily events such as application crashes and hangs, device driver and hardware issues, software installations, and system crashes on a System Stability Chart so that users can view system performance over time. Generic details on the chart are signified by an [[information sign]]; errors are denoted by a red [[hazard symbol]] and potential issues are denoted by a yellow caution symbol. System Stability Reports assign a daily System Reliability Index, with a value of 10.0 indicating no problems; if an issue occurs, the daily value of a system will decrease, but it will gradually increase with each subsequent day where no issue has occurred. Users can view the history of System Stability Reports.<ref name="TrackBehavior">{{cite web |url=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/track-the-behavior-of-your-system-with-windows-vistas-reliability-monitor/ |title=Track the behavior of your system with Windows Vista's Reliability Monitor |last=Schultz |first=Greg |date=June 13, 2007 |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |work=[[TechRepublic]] |access-date=December 16, 2022}}</ref> The Resource Monitor uses system statistics from the Reliability Analysis Component (RAC).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Phillips |first1=Harry |title=New Perspectives on Microsoft Windows 7 for Power Users |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_EJko1cN-ngC |series=SAM 2010 Compatible Products Series |publisher=Cengage Learning |publication-date=2011 |page=506 |quote=Reliability Monitor, introduced in Windows Vista and enhanced in Windows 7, is a tool that gathers, analyzes, and reports on the reliability and stability of your computer using data collected by the Reliability Analysis Component (RAC) of Windows 7. |isbn=9781111526498 |access-date=May 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1= Stidley |first1= Joel |title= MCTS: Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration Study Guide: Exam 70-643 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AfqSLpN65uYC |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |publication-date=2012 |pages=11–13 |quote=Data collection and processing is carried out by Reliability Monitor through the Reliability Analysis Component (RAC). Data is automatically gathered by the availability analysis metrics calculation executable (<code>racagent.exe</code>), which processes the data based on its analysis, aggregation, and correlation of user disruptions in the operating system, programs, and services into availability metrics. |isbn= 9781118435120 |access-date=January 19, 2015}}</ref>
* A ''Program Compatibility Assistant'' automatically detects known application compatibility issues (such as conflicts with [[User Account Control]]) and presents options for problem resolution; the Program Compatibility Wizard that allows for manually changing compatibility settings is still available.<ref name="PCA">{{cite web |url=https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/ask-the-performance-team/the-program-compatibility-assistant-part-one/ba-p/372538 |title=The Program Compatibility Assistant - Part One |last=Marcho |first=Graig |date=October 2, 2007 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |work=[[Microsoft TechNet|TechNet]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125093310/https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/ask-the-performance-team/the-program-compatibility-assistant-part-one/ba-p/372538 |archive-date=November 25, 2020 |access-date=December 14, 2022}}</ref>
* Client performance degradation such as application or driver interference with power transitions, increased boot, hibernation, or resume times, and reduced system performance due to system visual settings are monitored and reported to the user with options for problem resolution.<ref name="WVPG"/>
* Disk Diagnostics detect impending [[hard disk drive failure]]s and prompt the user to perform backups, and to repair or replace the hard disk drive after Windows Vista detects a hard disk problem.<ref name="WVPG"/>
* Memory Diagnostics (comprising the Windows Memory Diagnostics Tool) check for issues caused by random access memory modules.<ref name="WVPG"/>
* Network Diagnostics, part of an extensible Network Diagnostics Framework, check for network connection problems and repair most of them automatically; options for resolution are presented when a problem is not repaired automatically.<ref name="WVPG"/> With the release of Service Pack 1, Network Diagnostics can also solve the most common file sharing problems.<ref name="TechNetNotableSP1"/>
* Resource Exhaustion Prevention can detect when memory is low and determine which applications are causing this. A [[memory leak]] diagnostic can provide information about application that may have memory leaks.<ref name="REP">{{cite web |url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc774730%28v=ws.10%29.aspx |title=Resource Exhaustion Prevention |date=December 6, 2007 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |work=[[Microsoft TechNet|TechNet]] |access-date=April 25, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Resource Monitor|Performance Monitor]] includes several new [[Performance Monitoring Counter|performance counters]] and various tools for tuning and monitoring system performance and resources. It shows the activities of the CPU, disk I/O, network, memory and other resources in the "Resource View". It supports new graph types, the selection of multiple counters, the retrieval of counter values from a point on the graph, the saving of graphed counter values to a log file, and the option to have a line graph continuously scroll in the graph window instead of wrapping-around on itself.
** When run from an elevated command prompt, the <code>perfmon /report</code> command and parameter produce a comprehensive ''System Diagnostics Report'' complete with details such as hard disk throughout and Wi-Fi performance.<ref name="PerfmonReport">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.technet.com/b/askperf/archive/2008/05/02/two-minute-drill-system-diagnostics-report.aspx |title=Two Minute Drill: System Diagnostics Report |last=Morrison |first=Blake |date=May 2, 2008 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |work=[[Microsoft TechNet]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105224137/http://blogs.technet.com/b/askperf/archive/2008/05/02/two-minute-drill-system-diagnostics-report.aspx |archive-date=November 5, 2015 |access-date=December 2, 2015}}</ref>
* When users attach an external storage device with potential file system errors, the user will be prompted to scan for and fix the file system corruption (''Do you want to scan and fix Removable Disk?'').
* When Windows is rebooted after an unexpected shutdown (such as those caused by a [[blue screen of death]]), the user is informed that the shutdown was unexpected (''Windows has recovered from an unexpected shutdown'') and is provided an option to report the incident to Microsoft for problem analysis and resolution.
* [[Task Manager]] presents more detailed system information and monitoring. Memory consumption is now displayed as a percentage value instead of as separate [[commit charge]] values. A ''Services'' page displays all services, with descriptions, names, process IDs, groups, and statuses, and there are ''Go To Process'', ''Start Service'', and ''Stop Service'' context menu options. The following changes were also made to Task Manager pages:<ref name="HarderToDetect">{{cite web |url=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/windows-vistas-task-manager-the-harder-to-detect-changes/ |title=Windows Vista's Task Manager: The harder-to-detect changes |last=Shultz |first=Greg |date=February 21, 2007 |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |work=[[TechRepublic]] |access-date=December 1, 2022}}</ref>
** The ''Applications'' page includes a new ''Create Dump File'' context menu option
** The ''Performance'' page includes an option to open the new Resource Monitor, and now shows memory usage (in addition to page file usage) and system [[uptime]]
** The ''Processes'' page includes new ''Command Line'', ''Description'', ''[[Executable space protection#Windows|Data Execution Prevention]]'', ''Image Path Name'', and ''Virtualization'' column options
** The ''Processes'' page also includes new ''Open File Location'' and ''Properties'' context menu options
* Unresponsive application windows receive visual treatment — they are superimposed with window frosting — to indicate the application has ceased to respond.
* Windows Vista contains diagnostic tracing hooks around plug and play operations; because of this users can, for example, view devices that have failed to start, or view unsuccessful plug and play operations such as failed ejections of removable storage devices, with information about the application path, process id, and veto time of the application that caused the ejection to fail.<ref name="PNP">{{cite web |url=https://download.microsoft.com/download/5/b/9/5b97017b-e28a-4bae-ba48-174cf47d23cd/cpa060_wh06.ppt |title=Kernel Plug And Play In Windows Vista |last=Marshall |first=Allen |date=2006 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |format=PPT |access-date=December 16, 2022}}</ref>
* Windows Vista introduces a new help and support architecture and interface based on the Assistance Platform client and [[Microsoft Assistance Markup Language|MAML]]; the new architecture is not backward-compatible with previous versions of Windows.<ref name="WindowsVistaDeveloperStory">{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com//library/en-us/dnlong/html/AppComp.asp |title=The Windows Vista Developer Story: Application Compatibility Cookbook ('Longhorn' Technical Articles) |author=Microsoft |author-link=Microsoft |work=[[MSDN]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108024243/http://msdn.microsoft.com//library/en-us/dnlong/html/AppComp.asp |archive-date=January 8, 2007 |access-date=May 10, 2015}}</ref>
==Remote management==
{{main|Terminal Services}}
[[Remote Desktop Protocol|Remote Desktop Protocol 6.0]] incorporates support for application-level remoting, improved security ([[Transport Layer Security|TLS]] 1.0), support for connections via an [[Transport Layer Security|SSL]] gateway, improved remoting of devices, support for [[.NET Framework|.NET]] remoting including support for remoting of [[Windows Presentation Foundation]] applications, [[Windows Management Instrumentation|WMI]] scripting, 32-bit color support, dual-monitor support, [[Network Level Authentication]] and more.
[[Remote Assistance]], which helps in troubleshooting remotely, is now a full-fledged standalone application and does not use the Help and Support Center or Windows Messenger. It is now based on the [[Windows Desktop Sharing]] API. Two administrators can connect to a remote computer simultaneously. Also, a session automatically reconnects after restarting the computer. It also supports session pausing, built-in diagnostics, and XML-based logging. It has been reworked to use less bandwidth for low-speed connections. [[Network Address Translation|NAT]] traversals are also supported, so a session can be established even if the user is behind a NAT device. Remote Assistance is configurable using [[Group Policy]] and supports command-line switches so that custom shortcuts can be deployed.
Windows Vista also includes [[Windows Remote Management]] (WinRM), which is
==System tools==
* New /B switch in [[CHKDSK]] for NTFS volumes which clears marked bad sectors on a volume and reevaluates them.<ref>[
* [[Windows System Assessment Tool]], a built-in benchmarking tool, analyzes the different subsystems (graphics, memory, etc.), produces a [[Windows Experience Index]] (formerly Windows Performance Rating) and uses the results to allow for comparison to other Windows Vista systems, and for software optimizations. The optimizations can be made by both Windows and third-party software.<ref name="winsat">{{cite web
|url = http://download.microsoft.com/download/9/8/f/98f3fe47-dfc3-4e74-92a3-088782200fe7/TWAR05002_WinHEC05.ppt
|title = System Performance Assessment Tools for Windows Longhorn
|year = 2005
|
|last = Russell
|first = Richard
|work = WinHEC 2005 presentations
|publisher = Microsoft
|format = [[Microsoft PowerPoint]] presentation
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151105224141/http://download.microsoft.com/download/9/8/f/98f3fe47-dfc3-4e74-92a3-088782200fe7/TWAR05002_WinHEC05.ppt
|archive-date = 2015-11-05
}}</ref>
* [[Backup and Restore Center|Windows Backup]] (code-named SafeDocs) allows automatic backup of files, recovery of specific files and folders, recovery of specific file types, or recovery of all files. With Windows Vista Business, Enterprise or Ultimate, the entire disk can be backed up to a Complete PC Backup and Restore image and restored when required. Complete PC Restore can be initiated from within Windows Vista, or from the Windows Vista installation disc in the event that Windows cannot start up normally from the hard disk. Backups are created in [[Microsoft Virtual PC|Virtual PC]] format and therefore can be mounted using Microsoft Virtual PC. The
* [[Image:Windows Update Vista.png|thumb|[[Windows Update]]]] [[Windows Update]] has been revised, and now runs completely as a control panel application, not as a web application as in prior versions of Windows.
* [[System Restore]] is now based on [[Shadow Copy]] technology instead of a file-based filter and is therefore more proactive at creating useful restore points. Restore points are now "volume-level", meaning that performing a restore will capture the state of an entire system at a point in time. These can also be restored using the [[Windows Recovery Environment]] when booting from the Windows Vista DVD, and an "undo" restore point can be created prior to a restore, in case a user wishes to return to the pre-restored state.
* [[System File Checker]] is integrated with [[Windows Resource Protection]] which protects [[Windows Registry|registry]] keys and folders too besides critical system files. Using
* System Configuration ([[MSConfig]]) allows configuring various switches for [[Windows Boot Manager]] and Boot Configuration Data. It can also launch a variety of tools, such as system information, network diagnostics etc. and enable or disable [[User Account Control]].
* [[Windows Installer]] 4.0 (MSI 4.0) includes support for features such as [[User Account Control]], Restart Manager, and [[Multilingual User Interface]].
* [[Problem Reports and Solutions]] is a new control panel user interface for [[Windows Error Reporting]] which allows users to see previously sent problems and any solutions or additional information that is available.
* [[Windows Task Manager]] has a new "Services" tab which gives access to the list of all Windows services, and offers the ability to start and stop any service as well as enable/disable the UAC file and registry virtualization of a process. Additionally, file properties, the full path and command line of started processes, and [[Data Execution Prevention|DEP]] status of processes can be viewed. It also allows creating a [[Core dump|dump file]] which can be useful for [[debugging]].
* [[Disk Defragmenter (Windows)|Disk Defragmenter]] can be configured to automatically defragment the hard drive on a regular basis. It features cancellable, [[Windows Vista I/O technologies#I
|url=http://blogs.technet.com/filecab/articles/440717.aspx
|title=Disk Defragmenter FAQ
Line 86 ⟶ 132:
|publisher=MSDN Blogs
|date=July 10, 2006
|
|archive-date=2010-04-28
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100428092019/http://blogs.technet.com/filecab/articles/440717.aspx
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> The defragmenter is not based on an [[Microsoft Management Console|MMC]] snap-in. The [[command line interface|command line]] utility <code>defrag.exe</code> offers more control over the defragmentation process.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.windowsvistauserguide.com/disk_defragmenter.htm
|title = Disk Defragmenter
|work = User Guide
|publisher = Windows Vista User Guide
|date = January 27, 2007
|access-date = 2007-01-27
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070213093537/http://www.windowsvistauserguide.com/disk_defragmenter.htm
|archive-date = February 13, 2007
}}</ref> This utility can be used to defragment specific volumes and to just analyze volumes as the defragmenter would in Windows XP. Windows Vista Service Pack 1 adds back the ability to specify which volumes are to be defragmented to the GUI.
* The [[Logical Disk Manager|Disk Management]] console has been improved to allow the creation and the resizing of disk volumes without any data loss. Partitions (volumes) can be resized before starting Windows Vista setup or after installation.
Line 101 ⟶ 153:
[[Image:Computer Management Vista.png|thumb|right|A screenshot of Windows Vista's Management Console]]
{{main|Microsoft Management Console}}
Windows Vista includes [[Microsoft Management Console|Microsoft Management Console 3.0]] (MMC), which introduced several enhancements, including support for writing .NET snap-ins using [[Windows Forms]] and running multiple tasks in parallel. In addition, snap-ins present their UI in a different thread than that in which the operation runs, thus keeping the snap-in responsive, even while doing a computationally intensive task.
The new MMC interface includes support for better graphics and as well as featuring a ''task pane'' that shows actions available for a snap-in, when it is selected. [[Task Scheduler]] and [[Windows Firewall]] are also thoroughly configurable through the management console.
''Print Management'' enables centralized installation and management of all printers in an organization. It allows installation of network-attached printers to a group of clients simultaneously, and provides continually updated status information for the printers and print servers. It also supports finding printers needing operator attention by filtering the display of printers based on error conditions, such as out-of-paper, and can also send e-mail notifications or run scripts when a printer encounters the error condition.
==Group Policy==
{{main|Group Policy}}
Windows Vista introduces a new XML based file format, <code>ADMX</code> as a replacement for now legacy <code>ADM</code> files to manage [[Group policy|Group Policy]] settings, as well as a new <code>ADML</code> file format for Administrative Templates. Windows Vista additionally introduces a Central Store for ADMX files; Group Policy tools use ADMX files in the Central Store, and these files are replicated to all ___domain controllers in a [[Windows Server ___domain|___domain]].<ref name="CentralStore">{{cite web |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-server/group-policy/create-central-store-___domain-controller |title=How to create the Central Store for Group Policy Administrative Template files in Windows Vista |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |accessdate=February 19, 2021}}</ref>
Windows Vista includes over 2400 options for [[Group policy|Group Policy]],<ref name="GPMagazine">{{cite web |url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2007.06.grouppolicy.aspx |title=Managing Hardware Restrictions via Group Policy |last=Mozkowitz |first=Jeremy |date=June 2007 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |work=[[Microsoft TechNet]] |accessdate=May 3, 2021}}</ref> many of which relate to its new features, and which allow administrators to specify configuration for connected groups of computers, especially in a . Windows Vista supports Multiple Local Group Policy Objects which allows setting different levels of Local Group Policy for individual users.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://technet2.microsoft.com/WindowsVista/en/library/9c7ecc7d-8784-4b8d-ba1f-ba1882ba83741033.mspx | title = Step-by-Step Guide to Managing Multiple Local Group Policy Objects | access-date = 2007-10-08 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071007154822/http://technet2.microsoft.com/WindowsVista/en/library/9c7ecc7d-8784-4b8d-ba1f-ba1882ba83741033.mspx | archive-date = 2007-10-07 }}</ref> A new XML based policy definition file format, known as ADMX has been introduced. ADMX files contain the configuration settings for individual Group Policy Objects (GPO). For ___domain based GPOs, the ADMX files can be centrally stored, and all computers on the ___domain will retrieve them to configure themselves, using the [[File Replication Service]], which is used to replicate files on a configured system from a remote ___location. The Group Policy service is no longer attached with the [[Winlogon]] service, rather it runs as a service on its own. Group Policy event messages are now logged in the system [[Event Viewer|event log]]. Group Policy uses ''Network Location Awareness'' to refresh the policy configuration as soon as a network configuration change is detected.
New categories for policy settings include power management, device installations, security settings, Internet Explorer settings, and printer settings, among others. Group Policy settings also need to be used, to enable two way communication filtering in the [[Windows Firewall#Windows Vista|Windows Firewall]], which by default enables only incoming data filtering. Printer settings can be used to install printers based on the network ___location. Whenever the user connects to a different network, the available printers are updated for the new network. Group Policy settings specify which printer is available on which network. Also, printer settings can be used to allow standard users to install printers. Group Policy can also be used for specifying [[
Windows Vista improves [[Folder redirection|Folder Redirection]] by introducing the ability to independently redirect up to 10 user profile sub-folders to a network ___location.<ref>[http://technet2.microsoft.com/WindowsVista/en/library/fb3681b2-da39-4944-93ad-dd3b6e8ca4dc1033.mspx?mfr=true Managing Roaming User Data Deployment Guide] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080405183000/http://technet2.microsoft.com/WindowsVista/en/library/fb3681b2-da39-4944-93ad-dd3b6e8ca4dc1033.mspx?mfr=true |date=2008-04-05 }}</ref> Up to Windows XP, only the ''Application Data'', ''Desktop'', ''My Documents'', ''My Pictures'', and ''Start Menu'' folders can be redirected to a file server. There is also a [[Microsoft Management Console|Management Console]] snap-in in Windows Vista to allow users to configure Folder Redirection for clients running Windows Vista, Windows XP, and [[Windows 2000]].
==Task Scheduler==
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|title=Windows Vista Task Scheduler
|date=March 3, 2006
|
|publisher=Microsoft TechNet
}}</ref> Other features of Task Scheduler include:
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==Command-line tools==
Several new command-line tools are included in Windows Vista.<ref>[http://computerbits.wordpress.com/2006/07/21/new-command-line-tools-in-vista-beta-2/ New command line tools in Windows Vista] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423121442/http://computerbits.wordpress.com/2006/07/21/new-command-line-tools-in-vista-beta-2/ |date=2007-04-23 }}</ref> Several existing tools have also been updated and some of the tools from the [[Windows Resource Kit]] are now built-in into the operating system.
* auditpol — Configure, create, back up and restore audit policies on any computer in the organization from the command line with verbose logging. Replaces <
* [[
* bitsadmin — [[Background Intelligent Transfer Service|BITS]] administration utility.
* chglogon — Enable or disable session logins.
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* chgusr — Change install mode.
* [[choice (command)|choice]] — Allows users to select one item from a list of choices and returns the index of the selected choice.
* [[clip (command)|clip]] — Redirects output of command line tools to the Windows [[Clipboard (
* cmdkey — Creates, displays, and deletes stored user names and passwords from ''Credentials Manager''.
* [[diskpart]] — Expanded to support hard disks with the [[GUID Partition Table]], USB media, and a new "shrink" command has been added which facilitates shrinking a pre-existing [[NTFS]] partition.
* diskraid — Launches the Diskraid application.
* dispdiag — Display diagnostics.
* [[expand (command)|expand]] — Updated version of <code>expand.exe</code> that allows extracting <
* [[forfiles]] — Selects a file (or set of files) and executes a command on that file. This is helpful for batch jobs.
* [[icacls]] — Updated version of [[cacls]]. Displays or modifies [[access control list]]s (ACLs) and DACLs of files and directories. It can also backup and restore them and set mandatory labels of an object for interaction with [[Mandatory Integrity Control]].
* iscsicli — Microsoft [[iSCSI]] Initiator.
* [[mklink]] — create, modify and delete [[NTFS junction point|junctions]], [[hard link]]s, and [[symbolic link]]s.
* muiunattend — [[Multilingual User Interface]] unattend actions.
* netcfg — [[Windows Preinstallation Environment|WinPE]] network installer.
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* query — Query {Process|Session|TermServer|User}
* quser — Display information about users logged on to the system.
* [[robocopy]] — the next version of [[xcopy]] with additional features. Compared to the freely available TechNet Magazine version, (XP026), the Windows Vista version additionally supports /EFSRAW switch to copy encrypted files without decrypting them and /SL switch to copy symbolic links instead of their target.
* rpcping — Pings a [[Server (computing)|server]] using [[MSRPC|RPC]].
* setx — Creates or modifies [[environment variable]]s in the user or system environment. Can set variables based on [[Parameter (computer science)|arguments]], [[Windows Registry|registry keys]] or file input.
* sxstrace — [[Features new to Windows XP#
* takeown — Allows administrators to ''take ownership'' of a file for which access is denied.
* [[timeout (command)|timeout]] — Accepts a timeout parameter to wait for the specified time period (in seconds) or until any key is pressed. It also accepts a parameter to ignore the key press.
* tracerpt — Microsoft TraceRpt.
* waitfor — Sends, or waits for, a signal on a system. When /S is not specified, the signal will be
* [[wbadmin]] — Backup command-line tool.
*
* wevtutil — ''Windows Event'' command line utility.
* where — Displays the ___location of files that match the search pattern. By default, the search is done along the current directory and in the paths specified by the <
* [[
* [[winrm.cmd]] — Windows Remote Management command line utility.
* [[winrs]] — Windows Remote Shell (WinRS) allows establishing secure ''Windows Remote Management'' sessions to multiple remote computers from a single console.
* winsat — [[Windows System Assessment Tool]] command line.
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{{main|Windows PowerShell|Windows Management Instrumentation}}
Windows Vista supports [[Scripting language|scripting]] and automation capabilities using '''[[Windows PowerShell]]''', an object-oriented command-line shell, released by [[Microsoft]], but not included with the operating system. Also, [[Windows Management Instrumentation|WMI]] classes expose all controllable features of the operating system, and can be accessed from scripting languages. 13 new WMI providers are included.<ref>[http://download.microsoft.com/download/b/e/3/be37cbce-425e-45c2-a9f5-378026b5be81/04-d-WinMgmtTech-v03-TOURB-FINAL.ppt Windows Vista Client Manageability]</ref> In addition, [[DHTML]] coupled with scripting languages or even [[Windows PowerShell|PowerShell]] can be used to create desktop gadgets; gadgets can also be created for configuration of various aspects of the system.
==References==
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[[Category:Windows Vista]]
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