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#REDIRECT [[War crime]]
{{NPOV}}
<table border="1" cellpadding="2">
<caption>Germany vs. Japan in post-war policies</caption>
<tr><th>'''''' </th><td>[[Germany]]</td><td>[[Japan]]</td></tr>
<tr><th>'''Official Apology #1''' </th><td>YES. Offered formal apology to its victims<td>NO.
Offered vague, indirect, and personal apologies by its Prime Minster, but not its Emperor or its Parliament.</td></tr>
<tr><th>'''Restitution to the Victims #2 '''</th>
<td>YES. Has paid and continues to pay compensation over 550 million Deutsch Marks to Holocaust victims until 2015.</td>
<td>NO. Continues refusing to pay any compensations to its wartime victims</td>
</tr>
<tr><th>'''Open its war time record #3'''</th>
<td>YES. Opened all its wartime archives to researchers and investigators.
.</td>
<td>NO. Refuses to open its archive and sometimes denies the existence of certain files, such records related to wartime military sexual slavery and biochemical warfare experiments</td>
</tr>
<tr><th>'''Wartime History in School Textbook #4'''</th>
<td>YES. Holocaust is taught in school.</td>
<td>NO. Wartime atrocities are whitewashed or eliminated in school textbooks.
</td>
</tr>
<tr><th>'''Admission of Atrocities #5'''</th>
<td>YES. Denial of Holocaust has been outlawed by legislation.</td>
<td>NO. Tolerates public denials of wartime atrocities by ultra-nationalists and encourages high officials to openly worship war criminals enshrined.
</td>
</tr>
<tr><th>'''Punish war criminal #6'''</th>
<td>YES. Cooperative in identifying Nazi war criminals and bringing them to justice from hidden identities or from exile.</td>
<td>NO. Refuses to cooperate in war crime investigation.
</td>
</tr>
<tr><th>'''Identify war criminals #7'''</th>
<td>YES. Verified over 60,000 names of war criminals per request by the U.S. Dept. of Justice. All have been placed on a list banning their entry into the U.S. Similar information was provided to other nation, e.g. Canada and U.K.
.</td>
<td>NO. Refuses to verify names of war criminals submitted by the U.S. Dept. of Justice by stonewalling its repeated requests.
</td>
</tr>
<tr><th>'''Investigation and restitution of slave labors #8'''</th>
<td>YES. Coordinated an effort to reach a settlement in which many German companies engaged in slave labor practices will pay $1.7 billion to their wartime victims.</td>
<td>NO. Conceals records of wartime slavery conducted by Japanese companies. In fact, paid $450 million dollars to "compensate" 135 companies for "managing the contract laborers" after the war.
</td>
</tr>
<tr><th>'''Return of looted properties #9'''</th>
<td>YES. Passed legislation and budget to build a National Holocaust Memorial Museum in its capital.</td>
<td>NO.
</td>
</tr>
<tr><th>'''Treatment of War Criminals #10'''</th>
<td>Most punished and rejected both by government and society.</td>
<td>Openly worship war criminal in shrines by government high officials and society at large. Most War Criminal became key government, business, and academic leaders.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
1 German governers officially apologized about Holocaust for crime against humanity, not about invasion. Japanese prime ministers apologized directly about invasion to China. When the relationship was normalized between China and Japan, it was written into agreement that two country had reconciled their differences. Showa Emperor apologized to China with indirect words. Chinese official saying is "Their sayings are not enough. "
2 German government has never admit the allegations of German government. Only crimes of lndividual like [[Hitler]] were acknowledged. So No restitution to any national government was done. On the contrary, Japan did restitution to many goverments like [[Philippine]], [[Indonesia]], [[Switzerland]]and so on. Thai government officially relinquished the claim saying that they had not been victimized by Japan. Chinese government abandoned its right to claim compensation for the loss at first in exchange for compensating factories and railroads in Manchuria region which is estimated to be in billions of dollars, but after that Chinese government want compensation, so [[ODA]](Official Development Assistance) to China begins at 1979, and it still continues. Total ODA to China is about $30 billion, but "It's not paid enough.". Korea was a part of Japan during World War2, But Korea government received $ 300 million and rent $500 million in 1965 (South Korean government still conceals the existene of the treaty from its people). All Japanese abandoned right to claim for asset in both countries as a result of abandonment of individuals. Germans didn't renounce their claims.
cf. [[Indonesia]] was charged $6 billion to [[Netherlands]] after World War 2 for its decolonization. Netherlands claim was "Restitution to Dutch investment during colonization".
3 All records about [[Unit 731]], possible to develop biochemical weapon were brought by US Army like German V2-rocket data. So, asking to Japanese government doesn;t make sense. Only U.S. government/Army can show the Unit 731 Data. About "Sexual-slavery, mainly comes from Japan and Korea",[[Comfort women]], most records were opened. But these records suggests that they were official prostitute and receive money as business. The business was delegated to local private companies (prostitution agent) in Japan and Korea. However [[Korea]], a part of Japan during World War 2, doesn't want to accept the study mainly because of its fame. So, there are still rumors like "There must be secret records" in Korea.
4 China and Korea has one official textbook for history, but there are many textbooks in Japan. All textbooks in Japan clearly describe as "Japan invaded to China, and it was bad for Chinese people". But Chinese government is still complaining about japanese text books, "they are not quite along with Chinese government's textbook, so It's not corrected enough". In 1980s, Asahi newspaper wrote based on defective informations that textbooks would substitute "invade China" with "enter into China" and this is the only and fictious evidence that there is a process to whitewash the history texts.
5 Most Japanese think "freedom to discuss is very important". There are many opinions, including "Chinese government never tell a lie." From Japanses point of view, tolerance of various views is important for democracy, and prohibition of debating sounds like McCarthyism. Repeated requests to Chinese government to study the actual site of the atrocities have been denied.
6 German government deny the responsibility for invasion, as government. The government blames individuals belonged to [[Nazi]]. So searching Nazi was needed. On the contrary, Japanese government was judged guilty as nation at the end of war, and thousands of pepole were judged as guilty at the end of war. There is no fact that China has asked abouth such cooperation to Japanese government. 1,000 Japanese were be subject to capital punishment by Allied Forces, but Japanese punishable by death without defence in China ([[People's Liberation Army]]) is estimated about 3,000. (Officially, Chinese government announces that 504 japanese were judged guilty but none was killed, all of them were sent back to japan until 1964. But for eample, one Japanese soldiers (Mr.Hirai) was captured in 1945 and released in 1978. Many cases like this lead japanese to suspect, whether the chinese government doesn't get the situation inside, or announces "communism-country statistics".) Those deemed guilty had been fired from their posts at every level.
7 thousands of Class A - Class C war criminal name list is open. America has decided 16 Japanese as banning their entry into the U.S in 1996. In this case, there is no evidence that U.S. requested name list to Japan. Why? It's logical. About Germany, as described above, all criminal responsibility belongs to individuals, so each person should be judged about "supporting crime against humanity". Additionally, Dividing the Germany into 2 countries freezed the clock of apology/restitution. So, finding all the Nazis supporter is a hard work, and it still continues. About Japan, class-A war criminal means "crime against peace", that means "beginning the war". Class-B,and C means "war criminal, as folks say". But all criminal from Class-A to C was judged until 1950, and the name list is open. Any government can check the list and declare "banning their entry" easily, if she wants. The list actually include number of non-Japanese war criminals like Chinese, Korean, and Taiwanese. The highest ranking officer not from Japan and charged with war crime is the two-star General Hong of Korea who was second in command under General Yamasita and was executed for his involvement in the Bataan Death March. His family immigrated to US fearing his prominent status would make him a sacrificial lamb.
8 As wriiten in #2, German Government did restitution to individuals including Germans. Japan did restitution to governments. Japanese government have nothing to do with redistribution in the countries. China and South Korea used the restitution for modernization of entire infrastructure. There are records that Korean government denied the restitution to individuals. South Korean government does not teach the fact that restitution had been done. As a result, just a little part of the restitution was redistributed to individuals. It's their choice. So japanese people are confused by their claims as duplicate payments.
9 Notice the discrepancy in the question asked and the answer given in the Germany section. Returning of arts stolen from occupied areas by Nazi Germany begun only recently and some famous things, like the entire room from Russian palace decorated with amber, are still missing quite likely still hidden inside Germany. Germany also refused to return stolen properties in private hands without compensation and few that have been returned were bought by the German government and then returned. Although many historical artifacts from Chinese soil exist inside Japan, every single one of them in museums are cataloged including how and when they were obtained. There are many things in Japanese museums about Japan's military aggression.
10 It's common misunderstanding about japanese shrine, religious beliefs. Traditional Japanese culture denies blaming dead people for its crime. Crimes should be memorized, and profound remorse is important. But for japanese, Chinese/Korean culture, to blame dead people at their tombs and to destroy their existence looks strange. Should japanese behave like Chinese at tombs of japanese religion in Japan? "Most War Criminal" in this writing seems crime suspect at Tokyo Tribunal of War Criminals. Most of the judgements ended in "just suspect", so they could return.
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